2268:, the text of the Treaty of Badajoz: " dois Tratados, sem que na parte essencial seja mais do que um, pois que a Garantia é recíproca, e não haverá validade em alguns dos dois, quando venha a verificar-se a infracção em qualquer dos Artigos, que neles se expressam. Artigo I: Haverá Paz entre Sua Alteza Real o Príncipe Regente de Portugal, e dos Algarves, e Sua Majestade Católica El-Rei de Espanha, assim por mar, como por terra em toda a extensão dos seus reinos . Artigo III: Sua Majestade Católica conservará em qualidade de Conquista para unir perpetuamente aos seus Domínios, e Vassalos, a Praça de Olivença, seu Território, e Povos desde o Guadiana; de sorte que este Rio seja o limite dos respectivos Reinos, naquela parte que unicamente toca ao sobredito Território de Olivença. Artigo IX: Sua Majestade Católica se obriga a Garantir a Sua Alteza Real o Príncipe Regente de Portugal a inteira conservação dos Seus Estados, e Domínios sem a menor excepção, ou reserva. "
1464:
784:
713:
72:
1480:
96:
62:
1340:
looked to unite Spain and erase all signs of other cultures: the typically
Portuguese looking streets had their names changed to Spanish, the Portuguese language was banned (making most people only able to speak Portuguese secretly inside their home), the education of children was controlled and even the names of Portuguese people changed to Spanish equivalent names (although some families kept using their Portuguese names and attributing Portuguese nicknames per family as an act of rebellion against the government).
3804:
1122:
1519:
1501:
132:
1150:
exploitation of the non-demarcated section in the
Guadiana river is assigned to Portugal (in the same way as the rights on hydraulic exploitation over other frontier rivers are assigned either to Portugal or to Spain). The only difference between this section and the rest is that the term "international" is omitted (all the sections are named "international section" but the non-demarcated one in the Guadiana river).
50:
139:
103:
586:
822:
putting an end to the war returned to
Portugal the occupied towns except those on the left bank of the Guadiana river (the territory of Olivenza), which were ceded to Spain, including its inhabitants, on a 'perpetual' basis. The Treaty also stipulated that the breach of any of its articles would lead
1596:
Portuguese military maps do not show the border at that area, implying it to be undefined. Also, the latest road connection between
Olivenza and Portugal (entirely paid by the Portuguese state, although it involved the building of a bridge over the Guadiana, an international river) has no indication
1339:
At the beginning of the 1940s the city was reportedly mainly
Portuguese-speaking (mother language spoken at home), even after close to 150 years under Spanish control. It was after the 1940s, under Franco dictatorship, that a gradual language shift towards Spanish as native language took place as it
1224:
Bridge on the left bank (Spanish side) of the
Guadiana river. The Portuguese had been working on that side of the bridge without Spanish permits assuming that the left bank-side of the Guadiana river belonged to Portugal, according to the 1968 covenant. In subsequent events, a Portuguese court order
1015:
1818–1819 – Spain and
Portugal, with the mediation of France, the United Kingdom, Russia and Austria, negotiate in the Conference of Paris toward a peaceful restitution of Uruguay to Spain. Spain accepts the terms of an agreement proposed by the mediators but due to internal problems and the Liberal
1600:
There is no research on the opinion of the inhabitants of
Olivenza about their status. Spanish public opinion is not generally aware of the Portuguese claim on Olivenza. On the other hand, awareness in Portugal has been increasing under the efforts of pressure groups to have the question raised and
1288:
December 2014 – Portuguese nationality is given to 80 residents of
Olivenza, after their formal request. 90 other similar requests from residents of Olivenza are received by the Portuguese authorities. That represents less than 0.75 per cent of Olivenza's population which, as of the 2021 census, is
567:
The catchment area which drains
Olivenza consists of irregular water streams regularly drying up in the Summer. The Olivenza river—whose water is dammed up in the reservoir of Piedra Aguda, opened in 1956 and with a capacity of 16.3 hm—discharges into the Guadiana, leaving the city to its west and,
1555:
was signed, with the Olivenza territory remaining a part of Spain. According to Portugal, however, the treaty is void since Portugal was coerced into signing it, meaning it does not show the deliberate intent and "free will" necessary for treaty validity under international law and the subsequent
1354:
An unofficial census carried out among the citizens of Olivenza overwhelmingly stated that the citizens of the town feel more Spanish than Portuguese, and most of them want to remain in Spain, even though it is unclear whether this is due to a sense of Spanish identity or simply due to Portugal's
1373:
for their historic cores. The report for the declaration cited that the city of Olivenza, "surrounded by a beautiful landscape of pasture and farmland, dominated by the imposing castle's keep", "offers a number of buildings, enclosures and places of notable importance in the monumental aspect".
1149:
1968 – A covenant between Portugal and Spain on exploitation of hydraulic resources in the frontier rivers is signed. All frontier rivers (including the non-demarcated section in the Guadiana river) are covered, distributing the hydraulic exploitation between both countries. The hydraulic
1346:
Since 2021, around 1,300 inhabitants (8% of the town's population) have asked for dual citizenship, and about 92% have not acquired Portuguese citizenship. As of 2018, 1,500 inhabitants (about 12% of the population) are bilingual Portuguese-Spanish (mostly among those born before 1950).
2278:
Instrumento de ratificación del Convenio y Protocolo adicional entre España y Portugal para regular el uso y aprovechamiento hidráulico de los tramos internacionales de los ríos Limia, Miño, Tajo, Guadiana y Chanza y sus afluentes, firmado en Madrid el 29 de mayo de
1559:
Spain claims ‘de jure’ sovereignty over Olivenza on the grounds that the Treaty of Badajoz still stands and has never been revoked, thus making the case that the border between the two countries in the region of Olivenza should be demarcated as said by the treaty.
1592:
Even though Portugal has never made a formal claim to the territory after the Treaty of Vienna, it has not directly acknowledged Spanish sovereignty over Olivença either but has funded several projects connected to the region instead of the Spanish Government.
1543:. Spain accepted the Treaty on 7 May 1817; however, Olivença and its surroundings were never returned to Portuguese control and this question remains unresolved and Portugal holds a claim over it. Olivenza was under Portuguese sovereignty from 1297. During the
1209:
border by the government of Portugal, the agreement is modified in another Iberian Summit. Portugal is now in full charge of constructing the new bridge and preserving the old bridge, therefore not putting the Portuguese claim to the territory of Olivenza at
1092:, just south of Olivenza, to the estuary of the Guadiana, on the far South. The border between Portugal and Spain from the confluence of the Caya river to the confluence of the Cuncos is not demarcated and remains so nowadays, with the Guadiana being the
487:
in Spain. The territory is triangular, with a smaller side resting on the Guadiana and the opposite vertex entering south-east and surrounded by Spanish territory. Besides the city, the municipality of Olivenza also includes other minor villages:
367:
1569:
sovereignty over Olivenza on the grounds of the cancellation of the Treaty of Badajoz, since it was revoked by its own terms. The breach of any of its articles would lead to its cancellation, and that happened when Spain invaded Portugal in the
914:
19 February 1810 – Treaty of alliance and friendship between Portugal and Britain, whereby the United Kingdom pledges to help Portugal to regain possession of Olivenza, in turn receiving the exploration of the Portuguese establishments of
1242:
25 June 2004 – The Portuguese parliament raises the issue of Olivenza and exhorts the Minister of Foreign Affairs to try to solve the question, in a friendly and cooperative way, with Spain and the people of Olivenza, within the
662:
The second half of the 13th century saw continual territorial disputes between the Order of the Temple and the council of Badajoz over the lands north of the Fragamuñoz creek, and the municipal militias of Badajoz invaded
2425:
1161:
The municipality lost an important chunk of its population from 1960 to 1975, with many working-age migrants moving to other Spanish cities (Madrid, Barcelona, Bilbao, Lleida) in the wake of the implementation of the
1350:
The European Commission showed some concern over the years regarding the need to protect the Portuguese language in the area. After some time, the children of Olivenza started learning Portuguese in school again.
1586:. Thus, the border between the two countries in the region of Olivenza should be demarcated by the Treaty of Alcanizes of 1297 and that the duty acknowledged by Spain to give back the region must be carried out.
2287:
E) Se reserva a Portugal la utilización de todo el tramo del río Guadiana entre los puntos de confluencia de éste con los ríos Caya y Cuncos, incluyendo los correspondientes desniveles de los afluentes en el
2350:"Resolución de 6 de septiembre de 2004, de la Consejería de Cultura, por la que se incoa expediente de declaración de bien de interés cultural, para el puente de Ajuda en la localidad de Olivenza (Badajoz)"
2003:
Las frontera con Portugal a lo largo de la Historia: a propósito del 350 aniversario de la firma del Tratado de Lisboa (1668-2018). III Jornadas de Historia en Jerez de los Caballeros (6 de octubre de 2018)
1117:
1954 – Oliventine children are no longer allowed to take free holidays in the Portuguese seaside resort "Colónia Balnear Infantil d'O Século" (in São Pedro do Estoril), managed by a newspaper owned charity.
2284:
El aprovechamiento hidráulico de las siguientes zonas de los tramos internacionales de los restantes ríos mencionados en el artículo primero será distribuido entre España y Portugal de la forma siguiente:
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of 1815, to claim the return of the territory. In spite of the territorial dispute between Portugal and Spain, the issue has not been a sensitive matter in the relations between these two countries.
1463:
1355:
current economic status. However, it must also be noted that even in the twenty-first century, after the Franco dictatorship, many who tried to stand for their heritage and culture were declared
1217:
would have on Spanish territory. Information on Olivenza is not included. Later, Portugal sends further information, including data on Olivenza, under the title "Territory of Spain and Olivenza".
2607:
773:
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then, south. Closer to the city (which is sandwiched in between the course of the lesser creeks of the Arroyo de la Charca and the Arroyo de la Higuera), there is an artificial pond, the
837:
20 May 1801 – Spanish troops enter Portugal alongside the French, effectively invading Portuguese border towns after Portugal does not comply with the terms of the Treaty of Badajoz.
1333:
Total population is 11,871 (2021). The total area is 750 square kilometres (290 sq mi). Like the surrounding regions, population density is low, at 11 inhabitants per km.
2433:
2945:
679:
recognised the jurisdiction of the Council of Badajoz and the Diocese over Olivenza, putting an end to the Templar control over the hamlet. Amid a situation of unrest in the
1292:
1 December 2018 – The Olivenza Marching Band participates in the Portuguese bands parade in Lisbon, in commemoration of the 1640 Restoration of the Portuguese Independence.
3823:
1878:
1157:
is signed, in which both countries ratified the integrity and inviolability of their respective territories thereby effectively assuming Olivenza is under Spanish control.
1910:
Russo, Mariagrazia (2007). "O espaço linguístico fronteiriço luso-espanhol. Percursos para a construção de identidades. Um olhar na raia alentejana / raya extremeña".
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944:
2372:
1479:
2101:
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It is possible the settlement did not exist during the Muslim period. A 1278 document refers to the place as 'populated again', but this is not conclusive.
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between France and Portugal includes a provision declaring the 1801 treaties of Badajoz and Madrid null and void. Spain is not a part of this agreement.
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2161:
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1727:
2304:"Instrumento de ratificación de España del tratado de amistad y cooperación entre España y Portugal, hecho en Madrid el día 22 de noviembre de 1977"
1758:
1702:
2938:
1589:
Spain interprets Article 105 as not being mandatory on demanding Spain to return Olivenza to Portugal, thus not revoking the Treaty of Badajoz.
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2329:
863:
1289:
11,871 inhabitants. In the beginning of 2018, the number of residents with Portuguese nationality is around 800 (6% of the town's population).
834:
is signed between France, Spain and Portugal. If Portugal does not comply with the terms, it would give Spain and France a reason for invasion
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2202:
2120:
2038:
1929:
1839:
1820:
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began in 1801, with the French troops marching on Portugal, then followed by Spanish troops. Olivenza capitulated to the Spanish army led by
95:
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1296:
768:(variously known as Secession, Aclamation, Restoration or Portuguese Independence War), Olivenza was taken in 1657 by forces loyal to the
804:
240:
3828:
783:
71:
2931:
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2537:
884:, Prince Regent of Portugal, repudiates the Treaty of Badajoz claiming that the ongoing war abrogated the peace terms of the treaty.
2630:
1077:. However, as Spain had not participated in the War, the intervention of the international community in this issue is not possible.
2402:
1780:
1866:
1367:
In 1964, Olivenza became one of the first municipalities in the province of Badajoz that earned a heritage protection status of
398:
207:
2102:"Un noble napolitano en la Guerra de Portugal: Francesco Tuttavilla, duque de San Germán, general del ejército de Extremadura"
1311:
2589:
2571:
1103:, Portuguese Colonel Rodrigo Pereira Botelho volunteers to occupy Olivenza. The 8th Portuguese Regiment, stationed in nearby
167:
981:, succeeds in including article 105 in the Final Act (aka the Treaty of Vienna), stating that the winning countries are to
3803:
2688:
926:
Portugal starts negotiating a treaty with the Regency Council of Spain, whereby Olivenza should be given back to Portugal.
792:
712:
692:
1336:
There are still traces of Portuguese culture and language in the people, although the younger generations speak Spanish.
1213:
March 1995 – The Portuguese government sends its Spanish counterpart a study on the effects that the construction of the
1066:
river, just north of Olivenza. The demarcation of the border is not pursued further because of the situation of Olivenza.
61:
2719:"El arquitecto José Menéndez-Pidal y sus criterios de restauración monumental sobre los conjuntos históricos artísticos"
2718:
1556:
position of Portugal after 200 years of not recognising it as a legitimate part of Spain seems to confirm exactly that.
1074:
320:
131:
17:
1318:
989:, refuses to sign the Treaty, registering a protest against several of the Congress resolutions, including article 105.
2112:
1620:
1081:
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2380:
1610:
1271:
1186:
In an Iberian Summit, the prime ministers of Portugal and Spain sign a covenant for the joint effort to preserve the
675:
in 1272, although those territories were retroceded to the Order by means of a 1277 settlement. Soon later, by 1278,
2908:
2875:
659:. They proceeded to build a castle and a church as core of the hamlet, following the templar model of repopulation.
3738:
765:
2079:
386:
116:
3733:
3571:
3506:
3204:
3049:
2109:
II Encuentro de Jóvenes Investigadores en Historia Moderna. Líneas recientes de investigación en Historia Moderna
1946:
1114:) is founded, the first of a number of pressure groups established to advance the cause of Olivenza in Portugal.
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3434:
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1614:
1552:
831:
819:
417:
1735:
1646:
1251:
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3638:
3389:
3294:
3254:
3144:
3019:
1911:
1442:
1285:, that were removed in the first half of the 20th century, return to the historical city centre of Olivenza.
1051:
978:
810:
In the wake of the Portuguese refusal to enter an alliance with France and Spain against Britain, the brief
777:
656:
390:
1306:
2024 - During a ceremony marking Cavalry Regiment No. 3 (RC3) Day in Estremoz, Portugal's Defense Minister
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1307:
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publishes a book on Olivenza and visits the town, leading Spain to send a contingent of the Civil Guard (
840:
6 June 1801 – Portugal, Spain and France sign the Treaty of Badajoz, in which Olivenza is given to Spain.
3758:
3536:
3471:
3369:
3199:
2989:
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2292:
In the same article, sections A and B are assigned to Portugal, while C, D and F are assigned to Spain.
1710:
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1220:
October 1999 – The Spanish police stop preservation works being undertaken by the Portuguese on the old
894:
717:
684:
448:
436:
299:
3728:
2885:
CIA World Factbook reference to Olivença in the "Disputes – international" section on the Portugal page
1369:
1205:
1994, November – After internal criticism that the agreement of 1990 would mean the recognition of the
636:
2473:
2447:
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19 May 1813 – The remaining Portuguese language private schools are closed by the Spanish authorities.
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3611:
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3491:
3459:
3404:
3344:
3274:
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986:
733:
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309:
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CIA World Factbook reference to Olivenza in the "Disputes – international" section on the Spain page
3723:
3444:
3334:
3104:
3099:
3059:
2958:
1382:
1171:
1030:
993:
947:, a British marshal serving as Commander-in-chief of the Portuguese Army, briefly retakes Olivenza.
881:
696:
495:
420:. Spain has since administered the territory (now split into two municipalities, Olivenza and also
394:
381:
2000:
Segovia, R.; Caso, R., eds. (2018). "La Orden del Temple y la frontera luso-leonesa (1145-1310)".
1580:"committed to employ the mightiest conciliatory effort to return Olivenza to Portuguese authority"
1359:
and some were accused of "disrespecting the Spanish flag" for protecting the Portuguese language.
3708:
3703:
3698:
3551:
3521:
3516:
3284:
3264:
3219:
3119:
2608:"Portugal Fronteira invisível. "Se um dia Portugal e Espanha se unirem, a capital será Olivença""
1892:
1575:
1544:
1540:
1507:
1193:
1163:
1134:
1104:
1040:
974:
935:
811:
753:
480:
425:
413:
219:
3454:
3399:
3224:
1974:
1539:
Portugal does not recognise Spanish sovereignty over the territory, based on the rulings of the
756:. Construction of Santa Maria Madalena Church begins. This church would be the residence of the
1649:(1833–1910) – Spanish theologian, founder of the Museo Arqueológico Provincial de Badajoz.
1295:
2019 – For the first time, citizens of Olivenza with Portuguese citizenship could vote for the
1121:
1073:, the Portuguese government studies the possibility of taking the situation of Olivenza to the
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3259:
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3089:
3054:
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2477:
2277:
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2198:
2116:
2034:
1925:
1228:
11 November 2000 – The new Olivenza Bridge, constructed by Portugal and Spain, is inaugurated.
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688:
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1954:
1917:
1882:
1640:
1197:
680:
646:
360:
2751:"Olivenza: Modelo de transferencias arquitectónicas y urbanísticas entre España y Portugal"
2087:
I Jornada de fortificaciones abaluartadas y el papel de Olivenza en el sistema luso-español
1810:
1808:
1806:
1518:
1500:
983:
endeavour with the mightiest conciliatory effort to return Olivenza to Portuguese authority
3668:
3279:
3214:
3169:
3149:
3074:
2912:
2879:
2859:
2779:"Calidad y aprovechamiento de las aguas del Guadiana transfronterizo extremeño-alentejano"
2635:
2553:
2451:
1548:
997:
757:
460:
1190:
Bridge, as well as the construction of a new bridge alongside it, also as a joint effort.
2410:
2303:
1019:
7 November 1820 – Spanish authorities forbade the use of private teaching in Portuguese.
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3673:
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3541:
3439:
3354:
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3124:
3079:
1571:
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1262:
1244:
1221:
1187:
1143:
1126:
870:
796:
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722:
635:
and its surrounding territory (including the lands around Olivenza) were conquered by
3817:
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3486:
3429:
3314:
3179:
3159:
2001:
1896:
1630:
1626:
1300:
1054:
between Portugal and Spain is signed, demarcating the border from the estuary of the
866:
between Spain and France dividing Portugal and all Portuguese dominions between them.
799:
was used for the retreat of the Anglo-Portuguese army after they were crushed at the
1234:
Spain restarts work on the old bridge, under protest from the Portuguese government.
3743:
3591:
3129:
3014:
1310:
stated that Olivença "is Portuguese" and that the country "will not give up" on it
815:
611:
424:), whereas Portugal invokes the self-revocation of the Treaty of Badajoz, plus the
3566:
2426:"Afeto cultural e oportunidade de emprego levam oliventinos à dupla nacionalidade"
2527:
408:
The town of Olivença was under Portuguese sovereignty continuously between 1297 (
3678:
3658:
3616:
3384:
3309:
3304:
2334:
2080:"La fortificación abaluartada de Olivenza en el siglo XVII. Origen y desarrollo"
1921:
1578:
of 1815 (which Spain signed in 1817) that states that the winning countries are
1282:
1275:
1258:
1214:
1070:
1055:
432:
402:
212:
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3424:
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3039:
3004:
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1634:
1059:
672:
651:
464:
2825:
2797:
2769:
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2234:
1887:
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but also moving abroad to countries such as Switzerland, Germany and France.
992:
27 October 1815 – Expecting the quick restitution of Olivenza, Prince Regent
182:
169:
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3329:
3289:
3114:
3084:
3009:
2994:
2979:
2900:
1838:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFZamora_RodríguezBeltrán_de_Heredia_Alonso2006 (
1819:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFZamora_RodríguezBeltrán_de_Heredia_Alonso2006 (
1470:
1414:
676:
668:
600:
444:
290:
3627:
1947:"El llamado Fuero de Baylío : Historia y vigencia del fuero extremeño"
1643:(c. 1461 – c. 1561) – Portuguese composer and music theoretician.
1525:
421:
2403:"Dezenas de habitantes de Olivença pedem e obtêm nacionalidade portuguesa"
3633:
3394:
3379:
3374:
3364:
3339:
3234:
3134:
2999:
2974:
2905:
2901:
Olivenza in the official website for Tourism in the Region of Extremadura
2872:
1959:
1867:"La Extremadura musulmana (1142-1248). Organización defensiva y sociedad"
1833:
1814:
1130:
1089:
1063:
854:
14 August 1805 – Adoption of the Spanish language in city hall documents.
787:
Part of an 18th-century Spanish map, showing Olivenza as part of Portugal
596:
476:
452:
341:
1703:"Portugal desmiente a la CIA y niega que haya un conflicto por Olivenza"
1584:"recognize that the return of Olivenza and its territories must be done"
1551:, took the town on May 20, 1801. In the aftermath of that conflict, the
1377:
Some landmarks include the church of Saint Mary of the Castle (Spanish:
49:
3606:
3324:
3319:
3044:
3034:
2969:
1565:
1317:
page that this was a personal opinion he had expressed while leader of
1314:
1036:
1850 – The village of Táliga is separated to form its own municipality.
1023:
1006:
899:
869:
November – French and Spanish troops again march over Portugal, in the
632:
484:
440:
224:
752:(Our Lady of Help Bridge) or, simply as Ajuda bridge), on the road to
716:
View of the Castle of Olivenza from the South circa 1509, as drawn by
3663:
3139:
3029:
2984:
1343:
After the 1970s, there was an ease on the early dictatorship policy.
1033:
is forbidden in the territory of Olivenza, including inside churches.
920:
916:
664:
316:
295:
2906:
Website for Portuguese pressure group "Group of Friends of Olivenza"
1728:"Martins da Cruz Afirma Que a Questão de Olivença "Está Congelada""
3778:
1120:
807:
ordered its destruction to prevent the Portuguese using it again.
782:
711:
706:
701:
2762:
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servicio de Publicaciones
1257:
7 September 2004 – The government of the autonomous community of
479:
river, at an equal distance of 24 kilometres (15 miles) south of
2927:
2529:
Territorial Disputes and Resource Management: A Global Handbook
1574:
of 1807. Portugal further bases its case on Article 105 of the
1250:
4 September 2004 – The Portuguese Minister of Foreign Affairs,
1155:
Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between Spain and Portugal
1597:
of the Portuguese border, again implying an undefined status.
579:
2777:
Zamora Rodríguez, Beatriz; Beltrán de Heredia Alonso, Jesús.
695:
in 1297 and cede, amongst other possessions, Olivenza to the
803:
in May 1709. The victorious Spanish Bourbon army led by the
2893:
Olivenza in the official website of the Province of Badajoz
2792:(3). Badajoz: Diputación Provincial de Badajoz: 1189–1244.
1084:
an agreement demarcating the border from the confluence of
2807:"Aproximación a 90 años de historia. Olivenza (1927-2017)"
904:
official order of restitution of the territory of Olivenza
2162:"Del asedio de Badajoz en 1705 al de Campo Maior en 1712"
1142:
24 January 1967 – The Portuguese government declares the
1012:
7 May 1817 – Spain finally ratifies the Treaty of Vienna.
1913:
Atas do Simpósio Mundial de Estudos de Língua Portuguesa
649:
had occupied the territory already by 1258, founding an
2590:"CIGeoE - Centro de Informação Geoespacial do Exército"
2572:"CIGeoE - Centro de Informação Geoespacial do Exército"
2409:(in Portuguese). Lusa. 26 December 2014. Archived from
1026:. In reaction, Spain withdraws from the Olivenza talks.
851:
20 February 1805 – Teaching in Portuguese is forbidden.
848:
26 January 1805 – The Portuguese currency is forbidden.
607:
2006:. Jerez de los Caballeros: Xerez Equitum. p. 42.
1834:
Zamora Rodríguez & Beltrán de Heredia Alonso 2006
1815:
Zamora Rodríguez & Beltrán de Heredia Alonso 2006
412:) and 1801, when it was occupied by Spain during the
2227:
O Pelourinho: Boletin de Relaciones Transfronterizas
1274:, who was born in Olivenza, is elected president of
780:, Olivenza was returned to the Kingdom of Portugal.
736:renews the town charter and orders the building of
475:Olivenza is located on the left (east) bank of the
337:
327:
306:
289:
281:
273:
268:
260:
252:
247:
235:
230:
218:
206:
198:
30:
2919:Website for Oliventino cultural group Alemguadiana
2614:(in Portuguese). 28 September 2012. Archived from
2316:
2053:
1547:, French and Spanish troops, under the command of
1170:1981 – Former prime minister of Portugal, admiral
1107:, prepares to take Olivenza but is ordered not to.
2532:. New York: Nova Science Publisher. p. 199.
2373:"Ruas de Olivença voltam a ter nomes portugueses"
1734:(in Portuguese). 5 September 2003. Archived from
1722:
1720:
463:) towns reached an agreement in 2008 to create a
2560:. Central Intelligence Agency. 13 December 2021.
1485:Door of the Olivenza's city hall, also Manueline
1452:
1436:
1424:
1408:
1396:
559:
545:
533:
521:
509:
385:) is a town in southwestern Spain, close to the
2510:
2498:
2282:
2256:(in Portuguese). Matosinhos: Quidnovi Editora.
2197:(in Portuguese). Matosinhos: Quidnovi Editora.
2147:
2033:(in Portuguese). Matosinhos: Quidnovi Editora.
1879:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
973:9 June 1815 – The Portuguese delegation to the
1852:
985:. The Spanish representative to the Congress,
699:. On 4 January 1298, Dinis granted Olivenza a
2939:
2135:
2065:
2016:
1987:
1797:
1446:
1430:
1418:
1402:
1390:
1058:, on the far North, to the confluence of the
1016:Revolution in 1820, actions never took place.
551:
539:
527:
515:
503:
489:
8:
2868:Official Map of Portugal with Olivenza IGEOE
2689:"Cimeira Ibérica: Olivença ainda é questão?"
1975:"plan general municipal de olivenza - SITEX"
1417:architecture), Saint John of God Monastery (
1254:states that the Olivenza issue "is frozen".
1110:15 August 1938 – The Pro-Olivenza Society (
1080:29 June 1926 – Portugal and Spain sign the
655:in Olivenza integrated in the Bailiwick of
2946:
2932:
2924:
2330:""Una cuestión congelada", según Portugal"
1321:, not in his capacity as defense minister
1225:prevents Spain from taking over the works.
27:
3824:Municipalities in the Province of Badajoz
2805:Vallecillo Teodoro, Miguel Ángel (2017).
2695:(in Portuguese). Media Capital Multimedia
1958:
1886:
431:Olivenza and other neighbouring Spanish (
2749:Pizarro Gómez, Francisco Javier (2010).
2660:"La eterna disputa de Olivenza-Olivença"
1457:, destroyed in 1709 and never rebuilt).
1413:, considered a masterwork of Portuguese
774:Francesco Tuttavilla, Duke of San Germán
766:war between Castile and Portugal in 1640
2839:
2717:Pardo Fernández, María Antonia (2013).
1759:"Europacto en la frontera hispano-lusa"
1675:
1637:in the discovery of the route to India.
1459:
336:
326:
288:
267:
259:
246:
229:
197:
162:
87:
55:
46:
2521:
2519:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2629:Jefferies, Anthony (19 August 2006).
2246:
2244:
2031:A definição das fronteiras, 1096–1297
1781:"Euroregião e Declaração de Olivença"
1701:Merida, J. C. Z. (5 September 2003).
691:forced King Ferdinand IV to sign the
380:
359:
305:
280:
272:
256:430.1 km (166.1 sq mi)
251:
234:
217:
205:
83:
7:
2668:(in Spanish). Ediciones El País, S.L
2306:(in Spanish) – via www.boe.es.
1623:(?–1422) – Portuguese cardinal.
1297:2019 Portuguese legislative election
1146:Bridge a National Heritage Monument.
1009:due to rebel threats against Brasil.
1005:29 January 1817 – Portugal occupies
776:after a long siege. By means of the
2687:Caetano, Filipe (18 January 2008).
2474:"Olivença cada vez mais portuguesa"
2448:"Olivença cada vez mais portuguesa"
1945:Peralta y Carrasco, Manuel (2000).
1379:Iglesia de Santa María del Castillo
2873:Official Portuguese statements GAO
2029:Ventura, Margarida Garcez (2007).
1613:(1958) – Spanish politician,
25:Municipality in Extremadura, Spain
14:
2220:"La plaza de Olivenza en 1801/02"
2218:Lavado Rodríguez, Fabián (2021).
1448:Puente de Nuestra Señora de Ayuda
740:and the Olivenza Bridge over the
683:in the wake of the death of King
3834:Territorial disputes of Portugal
3802:
2658:Mora, Miguel (4 December 2000).
2338:(in Spanish). 15 September 2003.
2160:Cayetano Rosado, Moisés (2013).
1684:Municipal Register of Spain 2018
1517:
1499:
1478:
1462:
1404:Iglesia de Santa María Magdalena
1401:), Saint Mary Magdalene Church (
1387:Igreja de Santa Maria do Castelo
996:nominates José Luiz de Sousa as
892:July – Portugal presents to the
584:
138:
137:
130:
102:
101:
94:
70:
60:
48:
2432:(in Portuguese). Archived from
2424:Dores, Roberto (5 March 2018).
2379:(in Portuguese). Archived from
2193:Vicente, António Pedro (2007).
2100:Revilla Canora, Javier (2015).
1865:Clemente Ramos, Julián (1994).
1633:'s elder brother, commander of
1582:and that the winning countries
1454:Ponte de Nossa Senhora da Ajuda
1178:) to prevent any confrontation.
1133:, in the ancient road between
750:Ponte de Nossa Senhora da Ajuda
2814:Revista de Estudios Extremeños
2786:Revista de Estudios Extremeños
2169:Revista de Estudios Extremeños
2078:García Blanco, Julián (2020).
1871:Anuario de Estudios Medievales
1605:Famous people born in Olivenza
1420:Monasterio de San Juan de Dios
1410:Igreja de Santa Maria Madalena
1281:2010 – The ancient Portuguese
864:Treaty of Fontainebleau (1807)
599:format but may read better as
416:and ceded that year under the
239:Manuel José González Andrade (
1:
3839:Territorial disputes of Spain
2760:(9). Santiago de Compostela:
2371:Maneta, Luis (11 June 2010).
1688:National Statistics Institute
1313:. Later, he clarified on his
793:War of the Spanish Succession
705:(charter) similar to that of
639:in 1230. Taken away from the
2195:Guerra peninsular, 1801–1814
1765:(in Spanish). Archived from
1732:Grupo dos Amigos de Olivença
1709:(in Spanish). Archived from
1426:Mosteiro de São João de Deus
1370:conjunto histórico-artístico
1069:1918/1919 – With the end of
2113:Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
1922:10.1285/i9788883051272p2077
1265:Bridge a Heritage Monument.
1082:Convention of Limits (1926)
772:led by Neapolitan governor
764:Following the start of the
3855:
1757:Leon, F. (18 March 2008).
1469:Church interior, built in
1392:Capilla del Espíritu Santo
1043:grants the title of City (
541:San Benito de la Contienda
264:327 m (1,073 ft)
15:
3800:
3734:Villafranca de los Barros
3572:Salvatierra de los Barros
3205:Fuenlabrada de los Montes
3050:Benquerencia de la Serena
2965:
2631:"The Best of Both Worlds"
2254:Guerra das Laranjas, 1801
2252:Ventura, António (2008).
1916:. University of Salento.
923:for a period of 50 years.
552:
540:
528:
516:
504:
490:
163:
117:Spanish–Portuguese border
88:
84:
56:
47:
40:
3582:San Vicente de Alcántara
3532:Pueblonuevo del Guadiana
3435:Monterrubio de la Serena
3190:Esparragosa de la Serena
3095:Calzadilla de los Barros
1888:10.3989/aem.1994.v24.995
1763:El Periódico Extremadura
1707:El Periódico Extremadura
1647:Tomás Romero de Castilla
1615:president of Extremadura
1611:Guillermo Fernández Vara
1441:), and the ruins of the
1398:Capela do Espírito Santo
1272:Guillermo Fernández Vara
1050:29 September 1864 – The
1022:1821 – Portugal annexes
3754:Villanueva de la Serena
3739:Villagarcía de la Torre
3639:Torre de Miguel Sesmero
3390:Malpartida de la Serena
3295:Jerez de los Caballeros
3255:Helechosa de los Montes
2639:. Telegraph Media Group
2360:– via www.boe.es.
2317:Vallecillo Teodoro 2017
2054:Peralta y Carrasco 2000
1541:1815 Congress of Vienna
1443:Our Lady of Help Bridge
1252:Antonio Martins da Cruz
1099:1936–1939 – During the
1052:Treaty of Lisbon (1864)
979:Pedro de Sousa Holstein
934:March – French general
657:Jerez de los Caballeros
608:converting this section
529:Santo Domingo de Guzman
121:Show map of Extremadura
3774:Villarta de los Montes
3749:Villalba de los Barros
3714:Valverde de Burguillos
3684:Valencia de las Torres
3507:Puebla de Sancho Pérez
3240:Granja de Torrehermosa
2734:Universidad de Sevilla
2526:Guo, Rongxing (2007).
2290:
2281:. Article III states:
1530:Alto Alentejo Province
1453:
1447:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1389:), Holy Ghost Chapel (
1386:
1378:
1138:
1125:Ruins of 16th-century
1112:Sociedade Pró-Olivença
1075:Paris Peace Conference
820:1801 Treaty of Badajoz
791:In the context of the
788:
728:
560:
546:
535:São Domingos de Gusmão
534:
522:
510:
499:
3829:Portugal–Spain border
3759:Villanueva del Fresno
3537:Quintana de la Serena
3472:Orellana de la Sierra
3370:Los Santos de Maimona
3200:Fregenal de la Sierra
2150:, pp. 1726–1728.
1660:Oliventine Portuguese
1491:Claims of sovereignty
1124:
895:Supreme Central Junta
823:to its cancellation.
786:
778:1668 Treaty of Lisbon
715:
547:São Bento da Contenda
387:Portugal–Spain border
308: • Summer (
285:28/km (72/sq mi)
208:Autonomous community
3789:Zalamea de la Serena
3694:Valencia del Ventoso
3689:Valencia del Mombuey
3612:Solana de los Barros
3512:Puebla de la Calzada
3492:Peraleda del Zaucejo
3460:Oliva de la Frontera
3405:Medina de las Torres
3345:La Roca de la Sierra
3275:Higuera de la Serena
3185:Esparragosa de Lares
3145:Cordobilla de Lácara
3070:Burguillos del Cerro
3065:Bodonal de la Sierra
3020:Arroyo de San Serván
2917:Portuguese, Spanish
2511:Pardo Fernández 2013
2499:Pardo Fernández 2013
2413:on 27 December 2016.
2148:Cayetano Rosado 2013
2115:. pp. 392–393.
1960:10.18172/brocar.1699
1196:and Olivenza became
987:Pedro Gomes Labrador
818:on 20 May 1801. The
734:Manuel I of Portugal
399:autonomous community
282: • Density
183:38.68583°N 7.10083°W
16:For other uses, see
3724:Valverde de Llerena
3719:Valverde de Leganés
3577:San Pedro de Mérida
3445:Navalvillar de Pela
3335:La Nava de Santiago
3105:Campillo de Llerena
2959:province of Badajoz
2846:Claimed by Portugal
2726:Laboratorio de Arte
2513:, pp. 815–816.
2436:on 4 December 2018.
1853:Clemente Ramos 1994
1601:debated in public.
1508:province of Badajoz
1357:personae non gratae
1319:CDS - Peoples Party
1172:Pinheiro de Azevedo
1164:Stabilization Plans
1031:Portuguese language
801:Battle of La Gudiña
697:Kingdom of Portugal
693:Treaty of Alcañices
410:Treaty of Alcañices
397:, and to the wider
395:province of Badajoz
361:[oliˈβenθa]
179: /
3729:Valverde de Mérida
3709:Valle de la Serena
3704:Valle de Santa Ana
3699:Valle de Matamoros
3552:Retamal de Llerena
3522:Puebla del Maestre
3517:Puebla de la Reina
3285:Hinojosa del Valle
3265:Higuera de Llerena
3220:Fuente del Maestre
3120:Casas de Don Pedro
2911:2014-04-05 at the
2878:2014-04-05 at the
2558:The World Factbook
2377:Diário de Notícias
2136:Pizarro Gómez 2010
2068:, pp. 83, 87.
2066:Pizarro Gómez 2010
2017:Pizarro Gómez 2010
1988:Pizarro Gómez 2010
1798:Pizarro Gómez 2010
1785:www.cm-estremoz.pt
1545:War of the Oranges
1473:late-gothic style.
1432:torre del homenaje
1139:
1041:Isabel II of Spain
975:Congress of Vienna
961:30 May 1814 – The
830:29 January 1801 –
812:War of the Oranges
789:
729:
637:Alfonso IX of León
610:, if appropriate.
443:) and Portuguese (
426:Congress of Vienna
414:War of the Oranges
382:[oliˈvẽsɐ]
274: • Total
253: • Total
236: • Mayor
188:38.68583; -7.10083
3811:
3810:
3557:Ribera del Fresno
3497:Puebla de Alcocer
3477:Orellana la Vieja
3270:Higuera de Vargas
3260:Herrera del Duque
2834:Explanatory notes
2618:on 27 March 2014.
2476:(in Portuguese).
2450:(in Portuguese).
2263:978-989-628-075-8
2204:978-972-8998-86-8
2122:978-84-15305-87-3
2040:978-972-8998-85-1
1990:, pp. 76–77.
1931:978-88-8305-127-2
1553:Treaty of Badajoz
1261:declares the old
1101:Spanish Civil War
1086:Ribeira de Cuncos
832:Treaty of Badajoz
748:, later known as
746:Ponte de Olivenza
689:Dinis of Portugal
629:
628:
554:San Jorge de Alor
418:Treaty of Badajoz
393:belonging to the
350:
349:
154:Show map of Spain
3846:
3806:
3622:Talavera la Real
3527:Puebla del Prior
3502:Puebla de Obando
3210:Fuente de Cantos
2948:
2941:
2934:
2925:
2899:
2891:
2866:
2847:
2844:
2829:
2820:(2): 1505–1524.
2811:
2801:
2783:
2773:
2755:
2745:
2723:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2523:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2300:
2294:
2275:
2269:
2267:
2248:
2239:
2238:
2224:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2190:
2177:
2176:
2166:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2106:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2084:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2007:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1890:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1812:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1787:(in Portuguese).
1777:
1771:
1770:
1769:on 26 July 2011.
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1724:
1715:
1714:
1713:on 26 July 2011.
1698:
1692:
1691:
1680:
1641:Vicente Lusitano
1621:Pedro da Fonseca
1576:Treaty of Vienna
1563:Portugal claims
1528:) in the former
1524:Olivença (incl.
1521:
1506:Olivenza in the
1503:
1482:
1466:
1456:
1450:
1440:
1438:torre de menagem
1434:
1428:
1422:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1198:friendship towns
943:15 April 1811 –
770:Spanish Monarchy
726:
681:Crown of Castile
647:Knights Templars
645:of Badajoz, the
624:
621:
615:
606:You can help by
588:
587:
580:
563:
561:São Jorge da Lor
557:
556:
549:
543:
542:
537:
531:
530:
525:
519:
518:
513:
507:
506:
493:
492:
483:in Portugal and
384:
379:
371:
370:
369:
363:
358:
346:
313:
194:
193:
191:
190:
189:
184:
180:
177:
176:
175:
172:
155:
151:Olivenza (Spain)
141:
140:
134:
122:
115:Location in the
105:
104:
98:
74:
64:
52:
28:
3854:
3853:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3843:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3798:
3669:Valdecaballeros
3587:Sancti-Spíritus
3455:Oliva de Mérida
3280:Higuera la Real
3225:Fuentes de León
3215:Fuente del Arco
3170:El Carrascalejo
3150:Corte de Peleas
3075:Cabeza del Buey
2961:
2952:
2913:Wayback Machine
2897:
2889:
2880:Wayback Machine
2865:(in Portuguese)
2864:
2856:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2841:
2836:
2809:
2804:
2781:
2776:
2753:
2748:
2721:
2716:
2708:
2698:
2696:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2671:
2669:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2642:
2640:
2636:Daily Telegraph
2628:
2627:
2623:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2540:
2525:
2524:
2517:
2509:
2505:
2497:
2493:
2483:
2481:
2480:. 14 March 2021
2472:
2471:
2467:
2457:
2455:
2454:. 14 March 2021
2446:
2445:
2441:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2386:
2384:
2383:on 12 June 2010
2370:
2369:
2365:
2355:
2353:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2319:, p. 1513.
2315:
2311:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2286:
2285:
2276:
2272:
2264:
2251:
2249:
2242:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2205:
2192:
2191:
2180:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2146:
2142:
2134:
2130:
2123:
2104:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2015:
2011:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1932:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1851:
1847:
1837:
1836:, p. 1219.
1832:
1828:
1818:
1817:, p. 1192.
1813:
1804:
1796:
1792:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1739:
1738:on 9 March 2016
1726:
1725:
1718:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1668:
1656:
1607:
1549:Manuel de Godoy
1537:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1522:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1493:
1486:
1483:
1474:
1467:
1365:
1331:
998:Plenipotentiary
963:Treaty of Paris
938:takes Olivenza.
760:for many years.
758:Bishop of Ceuta
720:
625:
619:
616:
605:
589:
585:
578:
572:of Ramapallas.
473:
377:
366:
365:
364:
356:
344:
333:
307:
187:
185:
181:
178:
173:
170:
168:
166:
165:
159:
158:
157:
156:
153:
152:
149:
148:
147:
146:
142:
125:
124:
123:
120:
119:
113:
112:
111:
110:
106:
80:
79:
78:
77:
68:
67:
43:
36:
33:
26:
21:
12:
11:
5:
3852:
3850:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3816:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3769:Villar del Rey
3766:
3764:Villar de Rena
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3674:Valdelacalzada
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3602:Segura de León
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3125:Casas de Reina
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3090:Calera de León
3087:
3082:
3080:Cabeza la Vaca
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2955:Municipalities
2953:
2951:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2915:
2903:
2895:
2887:
2882:
2870:
2862:
2855:
2854:External links
2852:
2849:
2848:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2802:
2774:
2746:
2732:(2). Seville:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2706:
2679:
2650:
2621:
2599:
2581:
2563:
2545:
2538:
2515:
2503:
2501:, p. 815.
2491:
2465:
2439:
2416:
2407:Diário Digital
2394:
2363:
2341:
2321:
2309:
2295:
2270:
2262:
2240:
2210:
2203:
2178:
2152:
2140:
2128:
2121:
2092:
2070:
2058:
2046:
2039:
2021:
2009:
1992:
1980:
1966:
1937:
1930:
1902:
1857:
1855:, p. 691.
1845:
1826:
1802:
1790:
1772:
1749:
1716:
1693:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1624:
1618:
1606:
1603:
1572:Peninsular War
1523:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1505:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1477:
1475:
1468:
1461:
1364:
1361:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1304:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1279:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1263:Ponte da Ajuda
1255:
1248:
1245:European Union
1237:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1222:Ponte da Ajuda
1218:
1211:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1191:
1188:Ponte da Ajuda
1180:
1179:
1159:
1158:
1151:
1147:
1144:Ponte da Ajuda
1127:Ponte da Ajuda
1119:
1118:
1115:
1108:
1097:
1078:
1067:
1048:
1047:) to Olivenza.
1037:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1003:
1002:
1001:
990:
968:
967:
966:
956:
955:
954:
948:
941:
940:
939:
929:
928:
927:
924:
909:
908:
907:
887:
886:
885:
876:
875:
874:
871:Peninsular War
867:
857:
856:
855:
852:
849:
843:
842:
841:
838:
835:
805:Marquis de Bay
762:
761:
742:Guadiana River
738:fortifications
718:Duarte D'Armas
627:
626:
592:
590:
583:
577:
574:
472:
469:
348:
347:
339:
335:
334:
331:
329:
325:
324:
314:
304:
303:
293:
287:
286:
283:
279:
278:
275:
271:
270:
266:
265:
262:
258:
257:
254:
250:
249:
245:
244:
237:
233:
232:
228:
227:
222:
216:
215:
210:
204:
203:
200:
196:
195:
161:
160:
150:
144:
143:
136:
135:
129:
128:
127:
126:
114:
108:
107:
100:
99:
93:
92:
91:
90:
89:
86:
85:
82:
81:
75:
69:
65:
59:
58:
57:
54:
53:
45:
44:
41:
38:
37:
34:
31:
24:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3851:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3805:
3795:
3794:Zarza-Capilla
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3315:La Garrovilla
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3180:Esparragalejo
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2949:
2944:
2942:
2937:
2935:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2920:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2843:
2840:
2833:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2780:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2720:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2694:
2690:
2683:
2680:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2654:
2651:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2625:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2541:
2539:9781600214455
2535:
2531:
2530:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2495:
2492:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2453:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2430:Diário do Sul
2427:
2420:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2395:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2367:
2364:
2351:
2345:
2342:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2310:
2305:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2255:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2211:
2206:
2200:
2196:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2141:
2138:, p. 90.
2137:
2132:
2129:
2124:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2093:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2022:
2019:, p. 76.
2018:
2013:
2010:
2005:
2004:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1981:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1941:
1938:
1933:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1906:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1877:(1). Madrid:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1846:
1841:
1835:
1830:
1827:
1822:
1816:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1800:, p. 75.
1799:
1794:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1753:
1750:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1697:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1631:Vasco da Gama
1629:(1465-1499),
1628:
1627:Paulo da Gama
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1567:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1531:
1527:
1520:
1509:
1502:
1490:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1433:
1429:), the keep (
1427:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1328:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1301:postal voting
1298:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1176:Guardia Civil
1173:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1004:
999:
995:
991:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
971:
969:
964:
960:
959:
957:
952:
951:
949:
946:
942:
937:
933:
932:
930:
925:
922:
918:
913:
912:
910:
905:
901:
897:
896:
891:
890:
888:
883:
880:
879:
877:
872:
868:
865:
861:
860:
858:
853:
850:
847:
846:
844:
839:
836:
833:
829:
828:
826:
825:
824:
821:
817:
813:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
785:
781:
779:
775:
771:
767:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
730:
724:
719:
714:
710:
708:
704:
703:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
660:
658:
654:
653:
648:
644:
643:
638:
634:
623:
614:is available.
613:
609:
603:
602:
598:
593:This section
591:
582:
581:
575:
573:
571:
565:
562:
555:
548:
536:
524:
512:
501:
500:São Francisco
497:
491:San Francisco
486:
482:
478:
470:
468:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
383:
375:
368:
362:
354:
343:
340:
330:
322:
318:
315:
311:
301:
297:
294:
292:
284:
276:
263:
255:
242:
238:
226:
223:
221:
214:
211:
209:
201:
192:
164:Coordinates:
133:
118:
97:
73:
63:
51:
39:
29:
23:
19:
3744:Villagonzalo
3626:
3592:Santa Amalia
3465:
3464:
3130:Castilblanco
3015:Almendralejo
2990:Alburquerque
2898:(in Spanish)
2890:(in Spanish)
2842:
2817:
2813:
2789:
2785:
2757:
2729:
2725:
2711:Bibliography
2697:. Retrieved
2692:
2682:
2670:. Retrieved
2663:
2653:
2641:. Retrieved
2634:
2624:
2616:the original
2611:
2602:
2594:www.igeoe.pt
2593:
2584:
2576:www.igeoe.pt
2575:
2566:
2557:
2548:
2528:
2506:
2494:
2482:. Retrieved
2468:
2456:. Retrieved
2442:
2434:the original
2429:
2419:
2411:the original
2406:
2397:
2385:. Retrieved
2381:the original
2376:
2366:
2354:. Retrieved
2352:(in Spanish)
2344:
2333:
2324:
2312:
2298:
2291:
2283:
2273:
2253:
2226:
2213:
2194:
2172:
2168:
2155:
2143:
2131:
2108:
2095:
2086:
2073:
2061:
2056:, p. 8.
2049:
2030:
2024:
2012:
2002:
1995:
1983:
1969:
1953:(24): 7–18.
1950:
1940:
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612:Editing help
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437:Alburquerque
430:
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391:municipality
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345:(in Spanish)
76:Coat of arms
42:Municipality
22:
3679:Valdetorres
3659:Trujillanos
3617:Talarrubias
3597:Santa Marta
3385:Malcocinado
3310:La Coronada
3305:La Codosera
3175:Entrín Bajo
2699:19 February
2672:19 February
2643:19 February
2229:(25): 144.
1742:3 September
1299:(though by
1276:Extremadura
1259:Extremadura
1215:Alqueva Dam
1071:World War I
1056:Minho river
1029:1840 – The
721: [
449:Campo Maior
433:La Codosera
403:Extremadura
378:Portuguese:
328:Postal code
213:Extremadura
186: /
3818:Categories
3649:Torremejía
3644:Torremayor
3487:Peñalsordo
3430:Montemolín
3425:Monesterio
3420:Mirandilla
3300:La Albuera
3230:Garbayuela
3165:Don Benito
3160:Don Álvaro
3100:Campanario
3060:Bienvenida
3040:Barcarrota
2764:: 75–101.
2693:IOL Diário
2458:2 November
2387:31 October
2175:(3): 1728.
1666:References
1635:São Rafael
1383:Portuguese
1060:Caya River
862:October –
673:Barcarrota
652:encomienda
517:Villarreal
511:São Rafael
505:San Rafael
496:Portuguese
465:euroregion
457:Portalegre
389:. It is a
269:Population
231:Government
3654:Trasierra
3567:Salvaleón
3410:Mengabril
3330:La Morera
3290:Hornachos
3115:Carmonita
3085:Calamonte
3010:Almendral
2995:Alconchel
2980:Ahillones
2826:0210-2854
2798:0210-2854
2770:1579-7414
2742:1130-5762
2235:1136-1670
1897:159559658
1671:Citations
1471:Manueline
1415:Manueline
1363:Landmarks
1308:Nuno Melo
1153:1977 – A
1129:over the
1088:with the
1062:with the
977:, led by
945:Beresford
685:Sancho IV
677:Alfonso X
669:Alconchel
523:Vila Real
471:Geography
445:Arronches
342:Town Hall
291:Time zone
261:Elevation
171:38°41′9″N
3634:Tamurejo
3466:Olivenza
3400:Medellín
3395:Manchita
3380:Maguilla
3375:Magacela
3350:La Zarza
3340:La Parra
3245:Guadiana
3235:Garlitos
3155:Cristina
3135:Castuera
3055:Berlanga
3000:Alconera
2975:Aceuchal
2909:Archived
2876:Archived
2758:Quintana
2612:Jornal i
2484:30 April
2478:Sol Sapo
2356:23 March
1654:See also
1207:de facto
1131:Guadiana
1094:de facto
1090:Guadiana
1064:Guadiana
477:Guadiana
453:Estremoz
374:Olivença
357:Spanish:
353:Olivenza
220:Province
145:Olivenza
109:Olivenza
35:Olivença
32:Olivenza
18:Olivença
3784:Zahínos
3607:Siruela
3482:Palomas
3450:Nogales
3440:Montijo
3360:Llerena
3325:La Lapa
3320:La Haba
3250:Guareña
3110:Capilla
3045:Baterno
3035:Badajoz
3025:Atalaya
3005:Aljucén
2970:Acedera
2957:in the
2665:El País
2554:"Spain"
1881:: 691.
1566:de jure
1270:2007 –
1096:border.
1039:1858 –
1024:Uruguay
1007:Uruguay
900:Seville
687:, King
633:Badajoz
576:History
550:), and
485:Badajoz
441:Badajoz
338:Website
225:Badajoz
199:Country
174:7°6′3″W
3664:Usagre
3628:Táliga
3415:Mérida
3140:Cheles
3030:Azuaga
2985:Alange
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1210:stake.
1045:Ciudad
921:Cacheu
917:Bissau
795:, the
665:Cheles
595:is in
570:charca
422:Táliga
277:11,986
3779:Zafra
3562:Risco
3542:Reina
3365:Lobón
3355:Llera
3195:Feria
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1893:S2CID
1239:2004
1231:2003
1194:Elvas
1183:1990
1135:Elvas
1105:Elvas
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958:1814
950:1813
936:Soult
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898:, in
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707:Elvas
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601:prose
481:Elvas
461:Elvas
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317:UTC+2
296:UTC+1
202:Spain
3547:Rena
2822:ISSN
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2766:ISSN
2738:ISSN
2701:2010
2674:2010
2645:2010
2534:ISBN
2486:2022
2460:2021
2389:2010
2358:2021
2258:ISBN
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2199:ISBN
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1821:help
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994:John
919:and
882:John
671:and
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241:PSOE
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