907:
2113:
2069:
1105:
1961:
1747:
1618:
1562:
1339:
2022:
2000:
136:
293:
1044:
239:
6581:
1871:
1005:
111:
1083:
3230:
433:, though that presented difficulties that led to the general recognition of the family Gunneraceae, as had been proposed about the beginning of the 20th century. In the meantime, in many publications it had been referred to as being in the Haloragaceae, variously misspelt (as for example "Halorrhagidaceae".) Such references still cause difficulties in consulting earlier works. However, currently
304:
1674:
1493:
3218:
2230:
is a source of traditional medicine in southern Africa, both in veterinary and human ailments, largely in obstetric and digestive complaints, but also as a wound dressing. It also is eaten in various ways, largely the petioles, flower stalks and leaves, fresh and raw, preferably with skins and fibre
2177:
to the plant, while the plant provides fixed carbon to the microbe. The bacteria enter the plant via glands found at the base of each leaf stalk and initiate an intracellular symbiosis which is thought to provide the plant with fixed nitrogen in return for fixed carbon for the bacterium. The Nostoc
3069:"Establishment of a functional symbiosis between the cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme and the bryophyte Anthoceros punctatus requires genes involved in nitrogen control and initiation of heterocyst differentiation"
2656:
Carpenter RJ, Truswell EM, Harris WK (2010-03-02). "Lauraceae fossils from a volcanic
Palaeocene oceanic island, Ninetyeast Ridge, Indian Ocean: ancient long-distance dispersal?: Indian Ocean Lauraceae fossils".
683:
is up to 2.3 m (7 ft 7 in) long and weighs about 13 kg. The flowers of
Gunnera species are dimerous ( two sepals, two petals (or none) . two stamens (or one), and two carpels. Other giant
660:
frequently has an upright trunk to 5.5 m (18 ft 1 in) in height by 25–30 cm (10–12 in) thick, bearing leaves up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) wide. The Hoja de
Pantano (
607:
which may be up to 2.5 meters (8 feet 2 inches) in length. The width of the leaf blade is typically 2.5 meters (8 feet 2 inches), but on two occasions cultivated specimens (in
528:
during the
Cretaceous, it was previously thought that the modern disjunct distribution of the genus was a relic of this period. However, phylogenetic analysis indicates that the majority of
2194:. This relationship may provide insights to allow the creation of novel symbioses between crop plants and cyanobacteria, allowing growth in areas lacking fixed nitrogen in the soil.
619:
in 1903) produced leaves fully 3.3 meters (10 feet 10 inches) in width. The seeds germinate best in very moist, but not wet, conditions and temperatures of 22–29 °C.
906:
2220:, are edible. Their principal use is fresh consumption, after peeling, but also they are prepared in salads, liquor or marmalade. Leaves of this species are used in covering
7085:
6775:
544:
from South
America to other parts of the world, rather than relics of a former cosmopolitan distribution. The only species that diverged prior to the Cenozoic is
7124:
6814:
3356:
3315:
3109:
2112:
554:, which is thought to be the most ancient species of the genus, its lineage having diverged during the Late Cretaceous, roughly concurrent with the oldest
634:
coast. They can have leaves up to 2.9 m (9 ft 6 in) in width on stout leaf stalks 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) long and 11 cm (
7033:
6723:
3404:
2427:
7098:
7046:
6788:
6736:
6863:
3280:
743:), but the majority of more basal species are low-lying, mat-forming plants with small leaves. There are several small species are found in
7262:
603:
or sub-reniform leaves typically 1.5 to 2.0 meters (4 ft 11 in to 6 ft 7 in) long, not including the thick, succulent
3197:
810:
and retreated southwards on the mainland before recolonizing South
America. However, more recent phylogenetic evidence suggests that
3349:
3119:
2068:
489:
had achieved a worldwide distribution, with fossil pollen grains being found in areas where it is not found today, such as western
7072:
6762:
566:
122:
3243:
7103:
6793:
7111:
6801:
3383:
6584:
3409:
3399:
3342:
6968:
6658:
3327:
2250:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III"
2423:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV"
1960:
7173:
6876:
3301:
3234:
2418:
1515:
849:
671:
bears the largest leaf buds of any plant; up to 60 cm (2 ft) long and 40 cm (16 in) thick. The
7129:
6819:
2231:
removed, which is said to remove bitterness, but also cooked. The plant also is said to be used in making a beer.
2182:
is the only known genus of angiosperms that hosts cyanobacteria, and the only known landplants with intracellular
7257:
627:
452:
is thought to be a rather ancient group, with a well-documented fossil history due to the presence of fossilized
7178:
1104:
794:
that colonized North
America during the Cretaceous and grew into giant forms, with the remaining South American
135:
3394:
653:
1460:
6881:
1838:
461:
7252:
541:
1426:
6697:
6601:
1911:
1821:
1746:
1238:
1204:
1170:
358:
1967:
1787:
1477:
7160:
6850:
6702:
2386:
2045:
2021:
1984:
1877:
1855:
1804:
1641:
1568:
1546:
1379:
1128:
989:
426:
2601:
Bacon CD, Velásquez-Puentes FJ, Hinojosa LF, Schwartz T, Oxelman B, Pfeil B, et al. (2018-03-16).
2139:
1945:
1928:
1894:
1731:
1395:
1345:
1323:
1306:
1221:
1111:
938:
3268:
3255:
1617:
1499:
1289:
1272:
1255:
1145:
955:
7139:
7051:
6994:
6829:
6741:
3135:
Chiu, W. L.; Peters, G. A.; Levieille, G.; Still, P. C.; Cousins, S.; Osborne, B.; Elhai, J. (2005).
2554:
2495:
2006:
1714:
1585:
1362:
1028:
1011:
883:
831:
565:
since the
Cretaceous makes it unique among flowering plants, and may have been facilitated by strong
546:
3277:
2946:
2092:
1770:
1561:
1443:
1338:
3222:
2769:
2075:
1697:
1187:
913:
2975:
WANNTORP, LIVIA; WANNTORP, HANS-ERIK; RUTISHAUSER, ROLF (2003). "On the homology of the scales in
719:
species have small-to-medium-sized leaves. There are some species with moderately large leaves in
7219:
7020:
6912:
6868:
6710:
6424:
5642:
5534:
5158:
3645:
3389:
3049:
2928:
2881:
2873:
2674:
2578:
2519:
2511:
2169:
1753:
1658:
1050:
972:
755:
having leaves 5–9 cm wide on stalks 8–15 cm long. The most basal species in the genus,
254:
130:
6855:
1999:
532:
species, even those found on entirely different continents, diverged from each other during the
7165:
7147:
6981:
6837:
6780:
6671:
6381:
6180:
5732:
5592:
5521:
5444:
5325:
5211:
5128:
4493:
3484:
3420:
3193:
3170:
3115:
3090:
2996:
2865:
2822:
2638:
2570:
2446:
2325:
2204:
2174:
2028:
1602:
518:
506:
292:
7090:
6959:
7247:
7152:
6842:
6265:
6255:
6215:
6195:
5971:
5901:
5876:
5823:
5597:
5587:
5350:
5287:
5231:
5206:
4952:
4857:
4824:
4614:
4528:
4523:
4498:
4399:
4361:
4269:
3933:
3796:
3771:
3766:
3559:
3476:
3307:
3160:
3152:
3080:
3039:
2988:
2920:
2857:
2814:
2666:
2628:
2618:
2562:
2503:
2436:
2398:
2315:
2271:
2261:
2119:
1680:
1624:
649:
604:
591:
7025:
384:, of 2003, also recognizes this family and assigns it to the order Gunnerales in the clade
6546:
6333:
6200:
6185:
5765:
5652:
5632:
5627:
5617:
5582:
5398:
5393:
5193:
5163:
5133:
5017:
4982:
4942:
4917:
4907:
4867:
4619:
4508:
4391:
4366:
4261:
4233:
4223:
4016:
3986:
3928:
3913:
3776:
3602:
3509:
3366:
3284:
3272:
3259:
3247:
1089:
672:
478:
438:
418:
in
Myrothamnaceae; both families are placed in the order Gunnerales in the core eudicots.
326:
173:
30:
2692:
2607:
and the contribution of southern plant groups to the tropical Andes biodiversity hotspot"
3334:
2900:
2558:
2499:
2345:
1043:
6715:
6538:
6528:
6510:
6482:
6444:
6434:
6386:
6353:
6343:
6338:
6260:
6210:
6157:
6142:
6027:
5941:
5881:
5871:
5775:
5677:
5612:
5602:
5562:
5544:
5345:
5272:
5060:
5022:
4977:
4912:
4887:
4862:
4806:
4720:
4488:
4435:
4371:
4228:
4120:
4097:
4059:
4036:
4026:
3829:
3691:
3630:
3494:
3165:
3136:
2633:
2602:
2320:
2295:
732:
570:
407:
399:
160:
333:, which contains 63 species. Some species in this genus, namely those in the subgenus
7241:
6639:
6520:
6449:
6419:
6396:
6391:
6376:
6328:
6295:
6290:
6225:
6019:
6004:
5951:
5931:
5891:
5886:
5866:
5828:
5780:
5727:
5717:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5637:
5552:
5529:
5511:
5479:
5464:
5426:
5330:
5310:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5148:
5143:
5123:
5108:
5070:
5065:
5012:
5002:
4997:
4947:
4927:
4902:
4892:
4793:
4715:
4695:
4634:
4629:
4609:
4543:
4513:
4473:
4381:
4376:
4323:
4193:
4155:
4130:
4102:
4087:
4031:
4011:
4006:
3923:
3890:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3821:
3811:
3801:
3781:
3751:
3683:
3650:
3640:
3607:
3597:
3587:
3456:
3438:
3370:
3053:
2992:
2924:
2670:
2266:
2249:
2191:
2164:
1067:
771:
676:
490:
470:
411:
385:
381:
338:
229:
211:
68:
2932:
2885:
2678:
2523:
2178:
filled symbiotic tissue makes up just a small portion of the plant's total biomass.
406:, of 1998, which firmly recognized two separate families, unplaced as to order. The
238:
7224:
6986:
6917:
6459:
6454:
6439:
6429:
6368:
6250:
6235:
6205:
6162:
6152:
6106:
6083:
6073:
6045:
5946:
5926:
5896:
5838:
5785:
5707:
5662:
5622:
5577:
5567:
5557:
5449:
5418:
5383:
5368:
5282:
5277:
5183:
4937:
4932:
4897:
4877:
4852:
4839:
4829:
4801:
4758:
4753:
4710:
4677:
4662:
4624:
4601:
4538:
4533:
4518:
4483:
4465:
4417:
4356:
4351:
4343:
4218:
4178:
4112:
4092:
4082:
4074:
4041:
4001:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3880:
3875:
3839:
3756:
3635:
3592:
3489:
3466:
3430:
2161:
1870:
1082:
1004:
430:
110:
6676:
6650:
600:
485:) of Peru, about 90 million years ago, and within the following 10 million years,
7211:
7201:
6973:
6904:
6663:
3240:
3024:(Gunneraceae) widespread in the British Isles, with notes on the typification of
7116:
7059:
6953:
6806:
6749:
6633:
6414:
6310:
6270:
6245:
6240:
6230:
6098:
6088:
6078:
6060:
6009:
5961:
5956:
5936:
5916:
5843:
5770:
5712:
5667:
5607:
5572:
5469:
5459:
5403:
5315:
5254:
5249:
5201:
5173:
5153:
5113:
5095:
5055:
5050:
5045:
4962:
4957:
4922:
4816:
4773:
4748:
4672:
4644:
4639:
4478:
4455:
4440:
4409:
4328:
4203:
4183:
4145:
3996:
3991:
3968:
3953:
3895:
3885:
3791:
3786:
3738:
3655:
3579:
3564:
3541:
3536:
3461:
3448:
744:
562:
514:
457:
394:
346:
43:
6944:
3229:
3085:
3068:
2403:
1673:
1492:
303:
6497:
6487:
6464:
6348:
6285:
6220:
6147:
6124:
6050:
5996:
5906:
5760:
5747:
5722:
5702:
5454:
5436:
5408:
5378:
5373:
5305:
5264:
5241:
5178:
5168:
5118:
5103:
5032:
4987:
4972:
4882:
4783:
4763:
4725:
4705:
4427:
4333:
4213:
4198:
4188:
3918:
3867:
3806:
3761:
3612:
3569:
3528:
3519:
2861:
2846:— developmental morphology of a dwarf from Uruguay and S Brazil (Gunneraceae)"
2183:
767:
705:
693:
498:
474:
403:
366:
323:
311:
196:
88:
53:
6624:
3044:
3015:
3000:
2869:
2826:
2574:
2450:
818:
diverged only 15 million years ago, much too recent to assign the
Cretaceous
652:
are the thickest of any dicot, and probably also the most massive. On nearby
7007:
6684:
6505:
6474:
6406:
6275:
6134:
6116:
6068:
6037:
5966:
5911:
5848:
5833:
5818:
5755:
5737:
5672:
5647:
5484:
5388:
5340:
5320:
4967:
4872:
4847:
4318:
4310:
4208:
4173:
4150:
4140:
4125:
4064:
4021:
3981:
3958:
3728:
3660:
3551:
3289:
2802:
2735:. Vol. 2. Uppsala: Almquist & Wiksells Boktryckeri AB. p. 151.
2482:
Wanntorp L, Wanntorp HE, Oxelman B, Källersjö M (March 2001). "Phylogeny of
2217:
2187:
802:, with a low-lying, matlike growth. During the Cenozoic, the North American
510:
494:
342:
337:, have extremely large leaves. Species in the genus are variously native to
93:
37:
7191:
6894:
3174:
3094:
2818:
2642:
2329:
786:) is the most northern member. For this reason, it has been suggested that
3217:
3156:
2507:
675:
leaf stalks are up to 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in) long. The massive
7186:
6938:
6889:
6618:
6358:
6280:
6190:
6172:
5921:
5858:
5810:
5800:
5657:
5474:
5360:
5335:
5297:
5138:
5007:
4992:
4778:
4768:
4743:
4700:
4667:
4576:
4503:
4300:
4283:
4135:
4051:
3905:
3720:
3710:
3622:
2387:"The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase"
665:
533:
482:
466:
350:
186:
83:
78:
63:
58:
48:
2877:
2841:
2515:
6728:
6320:
5986:
5085:
5040:
4735:
4687:
4654:
4568:
4292:
4238:
3746:
2623:
2582:
2538:
2276:
2221:
616:
98:
73:
2441:
2422:
7064:
6754:
4591:
4558:
4165:
3976:
3262:: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.
807:
751:, with leaves only 1–2 cm long, and also in South America, with
720:
697:
680:
612:
608:
596:
585:
size, with the iconic large-leaved species belonging to the subgenus
551:
453:
362:
354:
7077:
7038:
6595:
2566:
2467:
Watt JM, Breyer-Brandwijk MG, Gerdina M (1962). "Halorrhagidaceae".
2360:
7012:
6689:
2731:
Skottsberg C (1953). "The Phanerogams of Juan Fernandez Islands".
2213:
668:
631:
302:
291:
147:
6767:
3252:
3111:
Microbial Symbionts: Functions and Molecular Interactions on Host
2469:
The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa
573:
ability, and being able to aggressively colonize disturbed land.
505:
is also known to have inhabited the now-submerged islands of the
3137:"Nitrogen Deprivation Stimulates Symbiotic Gland Development in
2134:
In 2022, it was shown that plants in cultivation under the name
582:
6599:
3338:
2697:
6999:
648: in) thick according to Skottsberg. These leafstalks or
3265:
3014:
Shaw, Julian M.H.; Edwards, Dawn & David, John (2022).
830:
from North America may represent a distinct lineage that
398:, the latter optionally segregated as a separate family,
2693:"Abbotsbury Gardens celebrates plant's 'monster' leaves"
595:), native to the Serra do Mar mountains of southeastern
501:. Based on fossil pollen recovered from drilling cores,
2733:
The Natural History of Juan Fernandez and Ester Islands
2471:(Second ed.). E & S Livingstone. p. 500.
2294:
Bergman B, Johansson C, Söderbäck E (November 1992).
852:
accepts the following species separated by subgenus:
1667:
Alejandro Selkirk Island (Isla Mas Afuera) in Chile
6928:
6608:
6537:
6519:
6496:
6473:
6405:
6367:
6319:
6308:
6171:
6133:
6115:
6097:
6059:
6036:
6018:
5995:
5984:
5857:
5809:
5798:
5746:
5543:
5520:
5509:
5435:
5417:
5359:
5296:
5263:
5240:
5192:
5094:
5083:
5031:
4838:
4815:
4792:
4734:
4686:
4653:
4600:
4589:
4567:
4556:
4464:
4453:
4426:
4408:
4390:
4342:
4309:
4291:
4282:
4260:
4251:
4164:
4111:
4073:
4050:
3967:
3904:
3866:
3838:
3820:
3737:
3719:
3704:
3682:
3673:
3621:
3578:
3550:
3527:
3518:
3507:
3475:
3447:
3429:
3418:
2840:Rutishauser, R.; Wanntorp, L.; Pfeifer, E. (2004).
704:is also known by the name "poor man's umbrella" in
477:. The earliest fossilized pollen is known from the
16:
Genus of flowering plants in the family Gunneraceae
2899:Wanntorp, Livia; Wanntorp, Hans-Erik (July 2003).
388:. The family then consisted of one or two genera,
380:is the only genus in the family Gunneraceae. The
3108:Dharumadurai, Dhanasekaran (25 September 2022).
558:fossil pollen from Peru. The persistence of the
3250:in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards).
2905:L.: vicariance and dispersal: Biogeography of
2346:Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
3350:
2987:(3). Oxford University Press (OUP): 301–308.
536:, indicating that the modern distribution of
414:recognizes the family Gunneraceae and places
8:
2355:
2353:
513:, likely having dispersed there from either
2750:the Magnificent - Giant Herb of Colombia".
826:. Due to this, the large-leaved Cretaceous
778:, and the most basal extant species within
6596:
6316:
5992:
5981:
5806:
5795:
5517:
5091:
4597:
4586:
4564:
4553:
4461:
4450:
4288:
4257:
3716:
3679:
3524:
3515:
3426:
3357:
3343:
3335:
2803:"A revision of the anatomy of Gunneraceae"
905:
854:
589:. The giant rhubarb, or Campos des Loges (
237:
109:
20:
3164:
3084:
3043:
2632:
2622:
2440:
2402:
2319:
2289:
2287:
2275:
2265:
429:. At first it was assigned to the family
369:. The stalks of some species are edible.
2981:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
2807:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
2462:
2460:
2428:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
2254:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
2186:. Although the endosymbionts enters the
2752:Chicago Natural History Museum Bulletin
2240:
599:, is perhaps the largest species, with
425:was named after the Norwegian botanist
2720:(1631). London: 125. 21 February 1903.
611:, England in 2011 and at Narrowwater,
524:Due to the widespread distribution of
2796:
2794:
2596:
2594:
2592:
838:, but did not leave any descendants.
581:The 40–50 species vary enormously in
7:
7140:2095d14b-ecee-477e-895b-9ba2ef247628
6830:c45a991e-a2a6-4e46-82db-93db2b10fa03
402:. This represents a change from the
2341:
2339:
2248:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009).
774:have large leaves akin to those of
7179:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77126651-1
3067:Wong FC, Meeks JC (January 2002).
2321:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1992.tb00067.x
2084:W + S South America, Falkland Is.
759:of Brazil, also has small leaves.
14:
3300:Global Invasive Species database
2758:(1): 3 plus photo on front cover.
2385:Christenhusz MJ, Byng JW (2016).
1098:New Zealand incl Chatham Islands
922:Papuasia, Indonesia, Philippines
834:giant leaves similar to those of
6580:
6579:
3253:The families of flowering plants
3228:
3216:
2993:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.00185.x
2951:L. - Plants of the World Online"
2925:10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00895.x
2671:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02279.x
2267:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
2111:
2067:
2020:
1998:
1959:
1869:
1745:
1723:Robinson Crusoe Island in Chile
1672:
1616:
1560:
1491:
1337:
1332:Robinson Crusoe Island in Chile
1103:
1081:
1042:
1003:
762:Some fossil leaf impressions of
134:
6882:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:19527-1
2850:Plant Systematics and Evolution
2488:Plant Systematics and Evolution
790:originates from South American
2224:(a traditional Chilean food).
1508:Panama, Nicaragua, Costa Rica
469:lineage, having originated in
123:San Francisco Botanical Garden
1:
3016:"A new spontaneous hybrid in
2801:WILKINSON, H (October 2000).
2603:"Evolutionary persistence in
1577:Chiapas, Guatemala, Honduras
2543:Pollen in the Fossil Record"
2190:, they do not penetrate the
2173:. The cyanobacteria provide
688:species within the subgenus
7263:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2746:St John H (January 1959). "
798:evolving into the subgenus
7279:
3086:10.1099/00221287-148-1-315
3032:British & Irish Botany
2955:Plants of the World Online
2419:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
2404:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1
1792:V.M.Badillo & Steyerm.
1264:Bolivia, Argentina, Chile
1158:
926:
850:Plants of the World Online
437:is firmly assigned to the
6575:
4585:
3378:
2862:10.1007/s00606-004-0182-7
2156:At least some species of
2105:
2058:
896:
871:
715:, most of the more basal
692:are found throughout the
622:Only slightly smaller is
260:
253:
245:
236:
131:Scientific classification
129:
117:
108:
23:
3306:Medicinal plant details
3045:10.33928/bib.2022.04.364
2152:Cyanobacterial symbiosis
2138:were actually a hybrid,
1461:Gunnera garciae-barrigae
1354:Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
711:Outside of the subgenus
7209:Watson & Dallwitz:
3266:http://delta-intkey.com
2913:Journal of Biogeography
2659:Journal of Biogeography
1839:Gunnera sanctae-marthae
1779:Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador
848:As of April 2023,
542:long-distance dispersal
462:Tricolpites reticulatus
246:The range of the genus
3264:Version: 21 May 2006.
2819:10.1006/bojl.2000.0372
1972:H.Weber & L.E.Mora
1171:Gunnera aequatoriensis
628:Juan Fernandez Islands
359:insular Southeast Asia
314:
300:
267:Hook.f., rejected name
125:at Strybing Arboretum
7161:Paleobiology Database
6851:Paleobiology Database
3157:10.1104/pp.105.064931
2901:"The biogeography of
2508:10.1007/s006060170075
1702:Wanntorp & Klack.
1427:Gunnera cuatrecasasii
806:would have colonized
517:or the then-emergent
456:spores, known by the
427:Johann Ernst Gunnerus
322:is the sole genus of
306:
295:
3225:at Wikimedia Commons
1912:Gunnera steyermarkii
1822:Gunnera saint-johnii
1239:Gunnera atropurpurea
1205:Gunnera antioquensis
832:convergently evolved
540:is a consequence of
441:family Gunneraceae.
3291:Gunnera magellanica
2559:1980Biotr..12..117J
2539:"The Occurrence of
2500:2001PSyEv.226...85W
2308:The New Phytologist
2128:Africa, Madagascar
2076:Gunnera magellanica
1976:Costa Rica, Panama
1968:Gunnera talamancana
1864:Bolivia, Argentina
1826:(L.E.Mora) L.E.Mora
1788:Gunnera pittieriana
1521:katherine-wilsoniae
1478:Gunnera hernandezii
1230:Bolivia, Argentina
914:Gunnera macrophylla
6425:Pentaphragmataceae
5643:Stegnospermataceae
5535:Berberidopsidaceae
5159:Pentadiplandraceae
3646:Atherospermataceae
3283:2008-10-13 at the
3271:2007-01-03 at the
3258:2007-01-03 at the
3246:2006-01-04 at the
3190:Food from the veld
2701:. 14 October 2011.
2624:10.7717/peerj.4388
2537:Jarzen DM (1980).
2170:Nostoc punctiforme
2046:Gunnera venezolana
1985:Gunnera tamanensis
1954:Ecuador, Colombia
1903:Ecuador, Colombia
1878:Gunnera schultesii
1856:Gunnera schindleri
1805:Gunnera quitoensis
1754:Gunnera petaloidea
1689:Veracruz, Chiapas
1659:Gunnera masafuerae
1642:Gunnera margaretae
1569:Gunnera killipiana
1547:Gunnera kauaiensis
1388:Colombia, Ecuador
1380:Gunnera colombiana
1350:Linden & André
1247:Colombia, Ecuador
1129:Gunnera reniformis
1051:Gunnera hamiltonii
990:Gunnera densiflora
973:Gunnera cordifolia
892:Uruguay, S Brazil
739:, in the subgenus
727:, in the subgenus
679:of small, reddish
567:niche conservatism
315:
301:
7235:
7234:
7148:Open Tree of Life
6838:Open Tree of Life
6602:Taxon identifiers
6593:
6592:
6571:
6570:
6567:
6566:
6563:
6562:
6559:
6558:
6555:
6554:
6382:Cardiopteridaceae
6304:
6303:
6181:Plocospermataceae
5980:
5979:
5794:
5793:
5733:Anacampserotaceae
5593:Ancistrocladaceae
5522:Berberidopsidales
5505:
5504:
5501:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5445:Biebersteiniaceae
5326:Sphaerosepalaceae
5212:Strasburgeriaceae
5129:Setchellanthaceae
5079:
5078:
4552:
4551:
4494:Cercidiphyllaceae
4449:
4448:
4278:
4277:
4247:
4246:
3700:
3699:
3669:
3668:
3503:
3502:
3485:Austrobaileyaceae
3320:on Achill Island"
3221:Media related to
3079:(Pt 1): 315–323.
2442:10.1111/boj.12385
2212:), from southern
2132:
2131:
2101:Tierra del Fuego
2037:Chile, Argentina
2029:Gunnera tinctoria
1946:Gunnera tajumbina
1929:Gunnera tacueyana
1895:Gunnera silvioana
1732:Gunnera peruviana
1603:Gunnera magnifica
1346:Gunnera brephogea
1324:Gunnera bracteata
1307:Gunnera boliviana
1222:Gunnera apiculata
1112:Gunnera prorepens
977:(Hook.f.) Hook.f.
960:Cheeseman ex Kirk
939:Gunnera albocarpa
519:Kerguelen Plateau
392:and, optionally,
290:
289:
284:
276:
268:
232:
214:
119:Gunnera tinctoria
7270:
7258:Medicinal plants
7228:
7227:
7215:
7214:
7205:
7204:
7195:
7194:
7182:
7181:
7169:
7168:
7156:
7155:
7143:
7142:
7133:
7132:
7120:
7119:
7117:NBNSYS0000160093
7107:
7106:
7094:
7093:
7081:
7080:
7068:
7067:
7055:
7054:
7042:
7041:
7029:
7028:
7016:
7015:
7003:
7002:
6990:
6989:
6977:
6976:
6964:
6963:
6962:
6949:
6948:
6947:
6921:
6920:
6908:
6907:
6898:
6897:
6885:
6884:
6872:
6871:
6859:
6858:
6846:
6845:
6833:
6832:
6823:
6822:
6810:
6809:
6807:NHMSYS0000459161
6797:
6796:
6784:
6783:
6771:
6770:
6758:
6757:
6745:
6744:
6732:
6731:
6719:
6718:
6706:
6705:
6693:
6692:
6680:
6679:
6667:
6666:
6654:
6653:
6644:
6643:
6642:
6629:
6628:
6627:
6597:
6583:
6582:
6317:
6266:Thomandersiaceae
6256:Lentibulariaceae
6216:Scrophulariaceae
6196:Tetrachondraceae
5993:
5982:
5972:Mitrastemonaceae
5902:Pentaphylacaceae
5877:Tetrameristaceae
5824:Hydrostachyaceae
5807:
5796:
5598:Rhabdodendraceae
5588:Dioncophyllaceae
5518:
5351:Dipterocarpaceae
5288:Dipentodontaceae
5232:Crossosomataceae
5207:Geissolomataceae
5092:
4953:Chrysobalanaceae
4858:Ctenolophonaceae
4825:Lepidobotryaceae
4615:Anisophylleaceae
4598:
4587:
4565:
4554:
4529:Tetracarpaeaceae
4524:Aphanopetalaceae
4499:Daphniphyllaceae
4462:
4451:
4400:Trochodendraceae
4362:Circaeasteraceae
4289:
4270:Ceratophyllaceae
4258:
3934:Alstroemeriaceae
3797:Potamogetonaceae
3772:Scheuchzeriaceae
3767:Hydrocharitaceae
3717:
3680:
3560:Aristolochiaceae
3525:
3516:
3477:Austrobaileyales
3427:
3423:
3421:Basalangiosperms
3405:Acrogymnospermae
3367:flowering plants
3359:
3352:
3345:
3336:
3331:
3326:. Archived from
3309:Gunnera perpensa
3233:Data related to
3232:
3220:
3204:
3203:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3168:
3145:Plant Physiology
3139:Gunnera manicata
3132:
3126:
3125:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3088:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3047:
3011:
3005:
3004:
2979:(Gunneraceae)".
2972:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2856:(1/4): 219–241.
2837:
2831:
2830:
2813:(1–2): 233–266.
2798:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2665:(7): 1202–1213.
2653:
2647:
2646:
2636:
2626:
2598:
2587:
2586:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2464:
2455:
2454:
2444:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2357:
2348:
2343:
2334:
2333:
2323:
2291:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2269:
2245:
2228:Gunnera perpensa
2136:Gunnera manicata
2125:
2120:Gunnera perpensa
2115:
2098:
2081:
2071:
2064:
2063:Schindler, 1905
2051:
2034:
2024:
2012:
2002:
1990:
1973:
1963:
1951:
1934:
1917:
1900:
1883:
1873:
1861:
1844:
1827:
1810:
1793:
1776:
1759:
1749:
1737:
1720:
1703:
1686:
1681:Gunnera mexicana
1676:
1664:
1647:
1630:
1625:Gunnera manicata
1620:
1608:
1591:
1574:
1564:
1555:Kauai in Hawaii
1552:
1526:
1505:
1500:Gunnera insignis
1495:
1483:
1466:
1449:
1432:
1406:
1385:
1368:
1351:
1341:
1329:
1312:
1295:
1290:Gunnera bolivari
1278:
1273:Gunnera bogotana
1261:
1256:Gunnera berteroi
1244:
1227:
1210:
1193:
1176:
1164:
1163:Schindler, 1905
1151:
1146:Gunnera strigosa
1134:
1117:
1107:
1095:
1085:
1073:
1056:
1055:Kirk ex W.S.Ham.
1046:
1034:
1017:
1007:
995:
978:
961:
956:Gunnera arenaria
944:
932:
931:Schindler, 1905
919:
909:
902:
901:Schindler, 1905
889:
877:
855:
702:Gunnera insignis
647:
646:
642:
639:
592:Gunnera manicata
550:of southeastern
507:Ninetyeast Ridge
327:flowering plants
308:Gunnera insignis
299:, Devon, England
297:Gunnera manicata
282:
274:
266:
241:
228:
210:
139:
138:
113:
103:
40:
29:Temporal range:
21:
7278:
7277:
7273:
7272:
7271:
7269:
7268:
7267:
7238:
7237:
7236:
7231:
7223:
7218:
7210:
7208:
7200:
7198:
7190:
7185:
7177:
7172:
7164:
7159:
7151:
7146:
7138:
7136:
7128:
7123:
7115:
7110:
7102:
7097:
7089:
7084:
7076:
7071:
7063:
7058:
7050:
7045:
7037:
7032:
7024:
7019:
7011:
7006:
6998:
6993:
6985:
6980:
6972:
6967:
6958:
6957:
6952:
6943:
6942:
6937:
6924:
6916:
6911:
6903:
6901:
6893:
6888:
6880:
6875:
6867:
6862:
6854:
6849:
6841:
6836:
6828:
6826:
6818:
6813:
6805:
6800:
6792:
6787:
6779:
6774:
6766:
6761:
6753:
6748:
6740:
6735:
6727:
6722:
6714:
6709:
6701:
6696:
6688:
6683:
6675:
6670:
6662:
6657:
6649:
6647:
6638:
6637:
6632:
6623:
6622:
6617:
6604:
6594:
6589:
6551:
6547:Paracryphiaceae
6533:
6515:
6492:
6469:
6401:
6363:
6334:Torricelliaceae
6313:
6300:
6201:Calceolariaceae
6186:Carlemanniaceae
6167:
6129:
6111:
6093:
6055:
6032:
6014:
5989:
5976:
5853:
5803:
5790:
5766:Balanophoraceae
5742:
5653:Lophiocarpaceae
5633:Achatocarpaceae
5628:Caryophyllaceae
5618:Macarthuriaceae
5583:Drosophyllaceae
5539:
5514:
5489:
5431:
5413:
5399:Crypteroniaceae
5394:Melastomataceae
5355:
5292:
5259:
5236:
5194:Crossosomatales
5188:
5164:Gyrostemonaceae
5134:Koeberliniaceae
5088:
5075:
5027:
5018:Picrodendraceae
4983:Lacistemataceae
4943:Dichapetalaceae
4918:Centroplacaceae
4908:Lophopyxidaceae
4868:Erythroxylaceae
4834:
4811:
4788:
4730:
4682:
4649:
4620:Corynocarpaceae
4594:
4581:
4561:
4548:
4509:Grossulariaceae
4458:
4445:
4422:
4404:
4392:Trochodendrales
4386:
4367:Lardizabalaceae
4338:
4305:
4274:
4262:Ceratophyllales
4253:Ceratophyllidae
4243:
4234:Ecdeiocoleaceae
4224:Flagellariaceae
4160:
4107:
4069:
4046:
4017:Tecophilaeaceae
3987:Blandfordiaceae
3963:
3929:Petermanniaceae
3914:Campynemataceae
3900:
3862:
3834:
3816:
3777:Aponogetonaceae
3733:
3708:
3696:
3665:
3617:
3603:Himantandraceae
3574:
3546:
3512:
3510:Mesangiospermae
3499:
3471:
3443:
3419:
3414:
3395:Marchantiophyta
3374:
3363:
3314:
3285:Wayback Machine
3273:Wayback Machine
3260:Wayback Machine
3248:Wayback Machine
3213:
3208:
3207:
3200:
3192:. Delta Books.
3188:Fox FW (1982).
3187:
3186:
3182:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3122:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3013:
3012:
3008:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2960:
2958:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2844:Gunnera herteri
2839:
2838:
2834:
2800:
2799:
2792:
2782:
2780:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2600:
2599:
2590:
2567:10.2307/2387727
2536:
2535:
2531:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2466:
2465:
2458:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2369:
2367:
2359:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2293:
2292:
2285:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2200:
2154:
2123:
2096:
2079:
2062:
2049:
2032:
2010:
2007:Gunnera tayrona
1988:
1971:
1949:
1932:
1915:
1898:
1881:
1859:
1842:
1825:
1808:
1791:
1774:
1757:
1735:
1718:
1715:Gunnera peltata
1701:
1684:
1662:
1645:
1629:Linden ex André
1628:
1606:
1589:
1586:Gunnera lozanoi
1572:
1550:
1524:
1504:(Oerst.) Oerst.
1503:
1481:
1464:
1447:
1430:
1404:
1383:
1366:
1363:Gunnera caucana
1349:
1328:Steud. ex Benn.
1327:
1310:
1293:
1276:
1259:
1242:
1225:
1208:
1191:
1174:
1162:
1149:
1132:
1115:
1093:
1090:Gunnera monoica
1071:
1054:
1032:
1029:Gunnera flavida
1015:
1012:Gunnera dentata
993:
976:
959:
943:(Kirk) Cockayne
942:
930:
917:
900:
887:
884:Gunnera herteri
875:
864:Scientific name
846:
654:Isla Más Afuera
644:
640:
637:
635:
579:
547:Gunnera herteri
479:Late Cretaceous
447:
375:
227:
209:
133:
104:
102:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
35:
34:
31:Late Cretaceous
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7276:
7274:
7266:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7253:Eudicot genera
7250:
7240:
7239:
7233:
7232:
7230:
7229:
7225:wfo-7000000262
7216:
7206:
7196:
7183:
7170:
7157:
7144:
7134:
7121:
7108:
7095:
7082:
7069:
7056:
7043:
7030:
7017:
7004:
6991:
6978:
6965:
6950:
6934:
6932:
6926:
6925:
6923:
6922:
6918:wfo-4000016378
6909:
6899:
6886:
6873:
6860:
6847:
6834:
6824:
6811:
6798:
6785:
6772:
6759:
6746:
6733:
6720:
6707:
6694:
6681:
6668:
6655:
6645:
6630:
6614:
6612:
6606:
6605:
6600:
6591:
6590:
6588:
6587:
6576:
6573:
6572:
6569:
6568:
6565:
6564:
6561:
6560:
6557:
6556:
6553:
6552:
6550:
6549:
6543:
6541:
6539:Paracryphiales
6535:
6534:
6532:
6531:
6529:Escalloniaceae
6525:
6523:
6517:
6516:
6514:
6513:
6511:Caprifoliaceae
6508:
6502:
6500:
6494:
6493:
6491:
6490:
6485:
6483:Columelliaceae
6479:
6477:
6471:
6470:
6468:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6445:Argophyllaceae
6442:
6437:
6435:Alseuosmiaceae
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6411:
6409:
6403:
6402:
6400:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6387:Phyllonomaceae
6384:
6379:
6373:
6371:
6365:
6364:
6362:
6361:
6356:
6354:Myodocarpaceae
6351:
6346:
6344:Pittosporaceae
6341:
6339:Griseliniaceae
6336:
6331:
6325:
6323:
6314:
6309:
6306:
6305:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6261:Schlegeliaceae
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6211:Plantaginaceae
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6177:
6175:
6169:
6168:
6166:
6165:
6160:
6158:Sphenocleaceae
6155:
6150:
6145:
6143:Convolvulaceae
6139:
6137:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6127:
6121:
6119:
6113:
6112:
6110:
6109:
6103:
6101:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6065:
6063:
6057:
6056:
6054:
6053:
6048:
6042:
6040:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6030:
6028:Metteniusaceae
6024:
6022:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6012:
6007:
6001:
5999:
5990:
5985:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5942:Sarraceniaceae
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5882:Fouquieriaceae
5879:
5874:
5872:Marcgraviaceae
5869:
5863:
5861:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5815:
5813:
5804:
5799:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5776:Misodendraceae
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5752:
5750:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5678:Phytolaccaceae
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5613:Asteropeiaceae
5610:
5605:
5603:Simmondsiaceae
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5563:Plumbaginaceae
5560:
5555:
5549:
5547:
5545:Caryophyllales
5541:
5540:
5538:
5537:
5532:
5526:
5524:
5515:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5441:
5439:
5433:
5432:
5430:
5429:
5423:
5421:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5365:
5363:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5353:
5348:
5346:Sarcolaenaceae
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5302:
5300:
5294:
5293:
5291:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5273:Gerrardinaceae
5269:
5267:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5257:
5252:
5246:
5244:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5198:
5196:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5100:
5098:
5089:
5084:
5081:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5061:Elaeocarpaceae
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5037:
5035:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5023:Phyllanthaceae
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4978:Passifloraceae
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4913:Putranjivaceae
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4888:Calophyllaceae
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4863:Rhizophoraceae
4860:
4855:
4850:
4844:
4842:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4821:
4819:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4809:
4807:Zygophyllaceae
4804:
4798:
4796:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4740:
4738:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4723:
4721:Ticodendraceae
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4692:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4659:
4657:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4606:
4604:
4595:
4590:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4573:
4571:
4562:
4557:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4489:Hamamelidaceae
4486:
4481:
4476:
4470:
4468:
4459:
4454:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4436:Myrothamnaceae
4432:
4430:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4420:
4414:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4396:
4394:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4372:Menispermaceae
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4348:
4346:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4315:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4297:
4295:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4266:
4264:
4255:
4249:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4229:Joinvilleaceae
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4170:
4168:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4121:Strelitziaceae
4117:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4098:Pontederiaceae
4095:
4090:
4085:
4079:
4077:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4060:Dasypogonaceae
4056:
4054:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4037:Amaryllidaceae
4034:
4029:
4027:Xeronemataceae
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3973:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3910:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3872:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3844:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3830:Petrosaviaceae
3826:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3743:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3725:
3723:
3714:
3702:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3692:Chloranthaceae
3688:
3686:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3631:Calycanthaceae
3627:
3625:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3584:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3556:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3533:
3531:
3522:
3513:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3495:Schisandraceae
3492:
3487:
3481:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3453:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3435:
3433:
3424:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3400:Polypodiophyta
3397:
3392:
3387:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3330:on 2007-09-29.
3324:Achill Journal
3312:
3304:
3298:
3293:pictures from
3287:
3275:
3238:
3237:at Wikispecies
3226:
3212:
3211:External links
3209:
3206:
3205:
3199:978-0908387328
3198:
3180:
3151:(1): 224–230.
3127:
3120:
3100:
3059:
3038:(3): 364–384.
3006:
2967:
2938:
2919:(7): 979–987.
2891:
2832:
2790:
2778:Plants for Use
2761:
2738:
2723:
2704:
2684:
2648:
2588:
2553:(2): 117–123.
2529:
2474:
2456:
2410:
2397:(3): 201–217.
2377:
2349:
2335:
2314:(3): 379–400.
2283:
2260:(2): 105–121.
2239:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2202:The stalks of
2199:
2196:
2175:fixed nitrogen
2153:
2150:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2116:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2093:Gunnera lobata
2089:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2072:
2065:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2033:(Molina) Mirb.
2025:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2003:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1964:
1956:
1955:
1952:
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1935:
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1811:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1771:Gunnera pilosa
1767:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1750:
1742:
1741:
1740:Ecuador, Peru
1738:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1677:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1650:Peru, Bolivia
1648:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1621:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1565:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1533:G. talamancana
1513:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1496:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1444:Gunnera diazii
1440:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1342:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1298:Peru, Ecuador
1296:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1196:Peru, Bolivia
1194:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1167:
1165:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1150:(Kirk) Colenso
1142:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1108:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1086:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1047:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1008:
1000:
999:
996:
986:
983:
982:
979:
969:
966:
965:
962:
952:
949:
948:
945:
935:
933:
924:
923:
920:
910:
903:
894:
893:
890:
880:
878:
876:Mattfeld, 1933
869:
868:
865:
862:
859:
845:
842:
753:G. magellanica
737:G. macrophylla
733:Southeast Asia
578:
575:
446:
443:
408:APG III system
400:Myrothamnaceae
374:
371:
329:in the family
288:
287:
286:
285:
277:
269:
258:
257:
251:
250:
243:
242:
234:
233:
220:
216:
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200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
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177:
176:
171:
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163:
158:
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150:
145:
141:
140:
127:
126:
115:
114:
106:
105:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
41:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7275:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7245:
7243:
7226:
7221:
7217:
7213:
7207:
7203:
7197:
7193:
7188:
7184:
7180:
7175:
7171:
7167:
7162:
7158:
7154:
7149:
7145:
7141:
7135:
7131:
7126:
7122:
7118:
7113:
7109:
7105:
7100:
7096:
7092:
7087:
7083:
7079:
7074:
7070:
7066:
7061:
7057:
7053:
7048:
7044:
7040:
7035:
7031:
7027:
7022:
7018:
7014:
7009:
7005:
7001:
6996:
6992:
6988:
6983:
6979:
6975:
6970:
6966:
6961:
6955:
6951:
6946:
6940:
6936:
6935:
6933:
6931:
6927:
6919:
6914:
6910:
6906:
6900:
6896:
6891:
6887:
6883:
6878:
6874:
6870:
6865:
6861:
6857:
6852:
6848:
6844:
6839:
6835:
6831:
6825:
6821:
6816:
6812:
6808:
6803:
6799:
6795:
6790:
6786:
6782:
6777:
6773:
6769:
6764:
6760:
6756:
6751:
6747:
6743:
6738:
6734:
6730:
6725:
6721:
6717:
6712:
6708:
6704:
6699:
6695:
6691:
6686:
6682:
6678:
6673:
6669:
6665:
6660:
6656:
6652:
6646:
6641:
6635:
6631:
6626:
6620:
6616:
6615:
6613:
6611:
6607:
6603:
6598:
6586:
6578:
6577:
6574:
6548:
6545:
6544:
6542:
6540:
6536:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6524:
6522:
6521:Escalloniales
6518:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6499:
6495:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6480:
6478:
6476:
6472:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6450:Menyanthaceae
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6420:Campanulaceae
6418:
6416:
6413:
6412:
6410:
6408:
6404:
6398:
6397:Aquifoliaceae
6395:
6393:
6392:Helwingiaceae
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6377:Stemonuraceae
6375:
6374:
6372:
6370:
6366:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6329:Pennantiaceae
6327:
6326:
6324:
6322:
6318:
6315:
6312:
6307:
6297:
6296:Orobanchaceae
6294:
6292:
6291:Paulowniaceae
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6226:Linderniaceae
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6178:
6176:
6174:
6170:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6140:
6138:
6136:
6132:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6120:
6118:
6114:
6108:
6105:
6104:
6102:
6100:
6096:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6062:
6058:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6043:
6041:
6039:
6035:
6029:
6026:
6025:
6023:
6021:
6020:Metteniusales
6017:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6005:Oncothecaceae
6003:
6002:
6000:
5998:
5994:
5991:
5988:
5983:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5952:Actinidiaceae
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5932:Diapensiaceae
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5892:Lecythidaceae
5890:
5888:
5887:Polemoniaceae
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5867:Balsaminaceae
5865:
5864:
5862:
5860:
5856:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5829:Hydrangeaceae
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5816:
5814:
5812:
5808:
5805:
5802:
5797:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5781:Schoepfiaceae
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5751:
5749:
5745:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5728:Portulacaceae
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5718:Halophytaceae
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5698:Molluginaceae
5696:
5694:
5693:Nyctaginaceae
5691:
5689:
5688:Sarcobataceae
5686:
5684:
5683:Petiveriaceae
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5638:Amaranthaceae
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5553:Frankeniaceae
5551:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5542:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5530:Aextoxicaceae
5528:
5527:
5525:
5523:
5519:
5516:
5513:
5512:Superasterids
5508:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5480:Simaroubaceae
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5465:Anacardiaceae
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5440:
5438:
5434:
5428:
5427:Picramniaceae
5425:
5424:
5422:
5420:
5416:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5362:
5358:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5331:Thymelaeaceae
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5311:Muntingiaceae
5309:
5307:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5299:
5295:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5266:
5262:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5247:
5245:
5243:
5239:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5227:Stachyuraceae
5225:
5223:
5222:Guamatelaceae
5220:
5218:
5217:Staphyleaceae
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5195:
5191:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5149:Emblingiaceae
5147:
5145:
5144:Salvadoraceae
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5124:Limnanthaceae
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5109:Tropaeolaceae
5107:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5097:
5093:
5090:
5087:
5082:
5072:
5071:Brunelliaceae
5069:
5067:
5066:Cephalotaceae
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5034:
5030:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5013:Ixonanthaceae
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5003:Euphorbiaceae
5001:
4999:
4998:Rafflesiaceae
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4948:Euphroniaceae
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4928:Malpighiaceae
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4903:Caryocaraceae
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4893:Podostemaceae
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4841:
4837:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4814:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4794:Zygophyllales
4791:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4733:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4716:Casuarinaceae
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4696:Nothofagaceae
4694:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4635:Tetramelaceae
4633:
4631:
4630:Cucurbitaceae
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4610:Apodanthaceae
4608:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4596:
4593:
4588:
4584:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4563:
4560:
4555:
4545:
4544:Cynomoriaceae
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4514:Saxifragaceae
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4474:Peridiscaceae
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4452:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4383:
4382:Ranunculaceae
4380:
4378:
4377:Berberidaceae
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4345:
4341:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4324:Nelumbonaceae
4322:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4308:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4281:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4250:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4194:Eriocaulaceae
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4157:
4156:Zingiberaceae
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4131:Heliconiaceae
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4104:
4103:Haemodoraceae
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4088:Commelinaceae
4086:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4032:Asphodelaceae
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4012:Ixioliriaceae
4010:
4008:
4007:Doryanthaceae
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3924:Melanthiaceae
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3891:Cyclanthaceae
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3859:
3858:Dioscoreaceae
3856:
3854:
3853:Burmanniaceae
3851:
3849:
3848:Nartheciaceae
3846:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3822:Petrosaviales
3819:
3813:
3812:Cymodoceaceae
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3802:Posidoniaceae
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3782:Juncaginaceae
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3752:Tofieldiaceae
3750:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3736:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3715:
3712:
3707:
3703:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3684:Chloranthales
3681:
3678:
3676:
3675:Chloranthidae
3672:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3651:Hernandiaceae
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3641:Gomortegaceae
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3608:Eupomatiaceae
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3598:Degeneriaceae
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3588:Myristicaceae
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3581:
3577:
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3460:
3458:
3457:Hydatellaceae
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3440:
3439:Amborellaceae
3437:
3436:
3434:
3432:
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3278:links at CSDL
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2165:cyanobacteria
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1563:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1514:
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1511:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1494:
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1473:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1456:
1455:
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1439:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1188:Gunnera annae
1185:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1068:Gunnera mixta
1065:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1002:
1001:
997:
992:
991:
987:
985:
984:
980:
975:
974:
970:
968:
967:
963:
958:
957:
953:
951:
950:
946:
941:
940:
936:
934:
929:
925:
921:
916:
915:
911:
908:
904:
899:
898:Pseudogunnera
895:
891:
886:
885:
881:
879:
874:
873:Ostenigunnera
870:
867:Distribution
866:
863:
860:
857:
856:
853:
851:
843:
841:
840:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
772:North America
769:
765:
760:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
741:Pseudogunnera
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
682:
678:
677:inflorescence
674:
670:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
633:
629:
625:
624:G. masafuerae
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
593:
588:
584:
576:
574:
572:
568:
564:
561:
557:
553:
549:
548:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
491:North America
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
471:South America
468:
464:
463:
459:
455:
451:
444:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
419:
417:
413:
412:APG IV system
409:
405:
401:
397:
396:
391:
387:
386:core eudicots
383:
382:APG II system
379:
372:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
339:Latin America
336:
332:
328:
325:
321:
320:
313:
309:
305:
298:
294:
281:
278:
273:
270:
265:
262:
261:
259:
256:
252:
249:
244:
240:
235:
231:
226:
225:
221:
218:
217:
213:
208:
205:
202:
201:
198:
195:
192:
191:
188:
185:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
166:
165:
162:
161:Tracheophytes
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
137:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
107:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
39:
32:
26:
22:
19:
6929:
6609:
6460:Calyceraceae
6455:Goodeniaceae
6440:Phellinaceae
6430:Stylidiaceae
6369:Aquifoliales
6251:Bignoniaceae
6236:Martyniaceae
6206:Gesneriaceae
6163:Hydroleaceae
6153:Montiniaceae
6107:Boraginaceae
6084:Gelsemiaceae
6074:Gentianaceae
6046:Eucommiaceae
5947:Roridulaceae
5927:Symplocaceae
5897:Sladeniaceae
5839:Curtisiaceae
5786:Loranthaceae
5708:Didiereaceae
5663:Barbeuiaceae
5623:Microteaceae
5578:Nepenthaceae
5568:Polygonaceae
5558:Tamaricaceae
5450:Nitrariaceae
5419:Picramniales
5384:Vochysiaceae
5369:Combretaceae
5283:Tapisciaceae
5278:Petenaeaceae
5184:Brassicaceae
4938:Trigoniaceae
4933:Balanopaceae
4898:Hypericaceae
4878:Bonnetiaceae
4853:Irvingiaceae
4840:Malpighiales
4830:Celastraceae
4802:Krameriaceae
4759:Elaeagnaceae
4754:Dirachmaceae
4711:Juglandaceae
4678:Polygalaceae
4663:Quillajaceae
4625:Coriariaceae
4602:Cucurbitales
4539:Haloragaceae
4534:Penthoraceae
4519:Crassulaceae
4484:Altingiaceae
4466:Saxifragales
4418:Dilleniaceae
4357:Papaveraceae
4352:Eupteleaceae
4344:Ranunculales
4252:
4219:Restionaceae
4179:Bromeliaceae
4113:Zingiberales
4093:Philydraceae
4083:Hanguanaceae
4075:Commelinales
4042:Asparagaceae
4002:Hypoxidaceae
3949:Ripogonaceae
3944:Philesiaceae
3939:Colchicaceae
3881:Velloziaceae
3876:Triuridaceae
3840:Dioscoreales
3757:Alismataceae
3705:
3674:
3636:Siparunaceae
3593:Magnoliaceae
3490:Trimeniaceae
3467:Nymphaeaceae
3431:Amborellales
3410:Angiospermae
3365:Families of
3328:the original
3323:
3317:
3308:
3294:
3290:
3251:
3189:
3183:
3148:
3144:
3138:
3130:
3114:. Elsevier.
3110:
3103:
3076:
3073:Microbiology
3072:
3062:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3009:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2959:. Retrieved
2957:. 2020-06-22
2954:
2948:
2941:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2902:
2894:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2835:
2810:
2806:
2781:. Retrieved
2777:
2771:
2764:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2741:
2732:
2726:
2717:
2713:
2707:
2696:
2687:
2662:
2658:
2651:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2532:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2477:
2468:
2432:
2426:
2413:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2368:. Retrieved
2364:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2297:
2257:
2253:
2243:
2227:
2226:
2209:
2205:G. tinctoria
2203:
2201:
2179:
2168:
2157:
2155:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2133:
2118:
2106:
2091:
2074:
2059:
2044:
2027:
2005:
1983:
1966:
1944:
1927:
1910:
1893:
1876:
1854:
1837:
1820:
1803:
1786:
1769:
1752:
1730:
1713:
1696:
1679:
1657:
1640:
1623:
1601:
1584:
1567:
1545:
1532:
1528:
1520:
1516:
1498:
1476:
1459:
1442:
1425:
1413:G. tinctoria
1412:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1378:
1361:
1344:
1322:
1305:
1288:
1271:
1254:
1237:
1220:
1203:
1186:
1169:
1159:
1154:New Zealand
1144:
1127:
1120:New Zealand
1110:
1088:
1076:New Zealand
1066:
1059:New Zealand
1049:
1037:New Zealand
1027:
1020:New Zealand
1010:
998:New Zealand
988:
971:
964:New Zealand
954:
947:New Zealand
937:
927:
912:
897:
882:
872:
847:
839:
835:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
763:
761:
756:
752:
749:G. albocarpa
748:
740:
736:
728:
724:
716:
712:
710:
701:
689:
685:
662:G. magnifica
661:
657:
623:
621:
590:
586:
580:
559:
555:
545:
537:
529:
525:
523:
502:
486:
460:
449:
448:
434:
431:Haloragaceae
422:
420:
415:
393:
389:
377:
376:
334:
330:
318:
317:
316:
307:
296:
279:
271:
263:
247:
223:
222:
206:
180:
167:
154:
118:
24:
18:
7060:iNaturalist
7026:Gunneraceae
6960:Gunneraceae
6954:Wikispecies
6930:Gunneraceae
6750:iNaturalist
6634:Wikispecies
6415:Rousseaceae
6311:Campanulids
6271:Verbenaceae
6246:Acanthaceae
6241:Pedaliaceae
6231:Byblidaceae
6099:Boraginales
6089:Apocynaceae
6079:Loganiaceae
6061:Gentianales
6010:Icacinaceae
5962:Cyrillaceae
5957:Clethraceae
5937:Styracaceae
5917:Primulaceae
5844:Grubbiaceae
5771:Santalaceae
5713:Basellaceae
5668:Gisekiaceae
5608:Physenaceae
5573:Droseraceae
5470:Sapindaceae
5460:Burseraceae
5404:Alzateaceae
5316:Neuradaceae
5255:Francoaceae
5250:Geraniaceae
5202:Aphloiaceae
5174:Capparaceae
5154:Tovariaceae
5114:Moringaceae
5096:Brassicales
5056:Cunoniaceae
5051:Oxalidaceae
5046:Connaraceae
4963:Achariaceae
4958:Humiriaceae
4923:Elatinaceae
4817:Celastrales
4774:Cannabaceae
4749:Barbeyaceae
4673:Surianaceae
4645:Begoniaceae
4640:Datiscaceae
4479:Paeoniaceae
4456:Superrosids
4441:Gunneraceae
4410:Dilleniales
4329:Platanaceae
4204:Thurniaceae
4184:Rapateaceae
4146:Marantaceae
3997:Lanariaceae
3992:Asteliaceae
3977:Orchidaceae
3969:Asparagales
3954:Smilacaceae
3896:Pandanaceae
3886:Stemonaceae
3792:Zosteraceae
3787:Maundiaceae
3739:Alismatales
3656:Monimiaceae
3580:Magnoliales
3565:Saururaceae
3542:Winteraceae
3537:Canellaceae
3520:Magnoliidae
3462:Cabombaceae
3449:Nymphaeales
3382:Supergroup
3295:Chilebosque
3241:Gunneraceae
3026:G. manicata
2783:January 20,
2712:"Unknown".
2435:(1): 1–20.
2277:10654/18083
2184:cyanobionts
1538:Costa Rica
1529:G. insignis
1418:Cultivated
1409:G. manicata
1137:New Guinea
784:G. mexicana
745:New Zealand
725:G. perpensa
577:Description
563:crown group
515:Australasia
509:during the
493:, mainland
473:during the
458:palynotaxon
439:monogeneric
416:Myrothamnus
395:Myrothamnus
347:New Zealand
331:Gunneraceae
207:Gunneraceae
174:Angiosperms
33:- present,
7242:Categories
7078:77126651-1
6498:Dipsacales
6488:Bruniaceae
6465:Asteraceae
6349:Araliaceae
6286:Phrymaceae
6221:Stilbaceae
6148:Solanaceae
6125:Vahliaceae
6051:Garryaceae
5997:Icacinales
5907:Sapotaceae
5761:Opiliaceae
5748:Santalales
5723:Talinaceae
5703:Montiaceae
5455:Kirkiaceae
5437:Sapindales
5409:Penaeaceae
5379:Onagraceae
5374:Lythraceae
5306:Cytinaceae
5265:Huerteales
5242:Geraniales
5179:Cleomaceae
5169:Resedaceae
5119:Caricaceae
5104:Akaniaceae
5033:Oxalidales
4988:Salicaceae
4973:Goupiaceae
4883:Clusiaceae
4784:Urticaceae
4764:Rhamnaceae
4726:Betulaceae
4706:Myricaceae
4428:Gunnerales
4334:Proteaceae
4214:Cyperaceae
4199:Mayacaceae
4189:Xyridaceae
3919:Corsiaceae
3868:Pandanales
3807:Ruppiaceae
3762:Butomaceae
3613:Annonaceae
3570:Piperaceae
3529:Canellales
2961:2023-04-25
2714:The Garden
2547:Biotropica
2365:TasteAtlas
2304:symbiosis"
2235:References
2054:Venezuela
1920:Venezuela
1796:Venezuela
1736:J.F.Macbr.
1405:J.M.H.Shaw
1294:J.F.Macbr.
928:Milligania
768:Cretaceous
757:G. herteri
747:, notably
706:Costa Rica
694:Neotropics
658:G. peltata
499:Antarctica
475:Cretaceous
465:. It is a
421:The genus
404:APG system
367:Madagascar
324:herbaceous
312:Costa Rica
264:Milligania
197:Gunnerales
36:90–0
6506:Adoxaceae
6475:Bruniales
6407:Asterales
6276:Lamiaceae
6135:Solanales
6117:Vahliales
6069:Rubiaceae
6038:Garryales
5967:Ericaceae
5912:Ebenaceae
5849:Cornaceae
5834:Loasaceae
5819:Nyssaceae
5756:Olacaceae
5738:Cactaceae
5673:Aizoaceae
5648:Limeaceae
5485:Meliaceae
5389:Myrtaceae
5341:Cistaceae
5321:Malvaceae
4968:Violaceae
4873:Ochnaceae
4848:Pandaceae
4319:Sabiaceae
4311:Proteales
4209:Juncaceae
4174:Typhaceae
4151:Costaceae
4141:Cannaceae
4126:Lowiaceae
4065:Arecaceae
4022:Iridaceae
3982:Boryaceae
3959:Liliaceae
3729:Acoraceae
3661:Lauraceae
3552:Piperales
3390:Bryophyta
3302:tinctoria
3054:252243597
3020:subgenus
3001:1095-8339
2870:0378-2697
2827:0024-4074
2617:: e4388.
2575:0006-3606
2451:0024-4074
2391:Phytotaxa
2218:Argentina
2188:cell wall
2015:Colombia
1993:Colombia
1937:Colombia
1886:Colombia
1847:Colombia
1830:Colombia
1706:Colombia
1685:Brandegee
1633:S Brazil
1611:Colombia
1607:H.St.John
1594:Colombia
1525:L.D.Gómez
1486:Colombia
1469:Colombia
1452:Colombia
1435:Colombia
1371:Colombia
1281:Colombia
1213:Colombia
981:Tasmania
766:from the
729:Perpensum
673:succulent
666:Colombian
664:) of the
571:dispersal
521:islands.
511:Paleocene
495:Australia
467:Gondwanan
445:Evolution
343:Australia
144:Kingdom:
7212:gunnerac
7199:VASCAN:
7192:42000189
7187:Tropicos
6945:Q2338324
6939:Wikidata
6902:VASCAN:
6895:40018336
6890:Tropicos
6619:Wikidata
6585:Category
6359:Apiaceae
6281:Mazaceae
6191:Oleaceae
6173:Lamiales
5922:Theaceae
5859:Ericales
5811:Cornales
5801:Asterids
5658:Kewaceae
5475:Rutaceae
5361:Myrtales
5336:Bixaceae
5298:Malvales
5139:Bataceae
5008:Linaceae
4993:Peraceae
4779:Moraceae
4769:Ulmaceae
4744:Rosaceae
4701:Fagaceae
4668:Fabaceae
4577:Vitaceae
4504:Iteaceae
4301:Buxaceae
4284:Eudicots
4136:Musaceae
4052:Arecales
3906:Liliales
3721:Acorales
3711:Monocots
3623:Laurales
3281:Archived
3269:Archived
3256:Archived
3244:Archived
3175:16113217
3095:11782524
2933:83697864
2886:24561923
2878:23654236
2679:83060879
2643:29576938
2524:42201778
2516:23644101
2421:(2016).
2330:33874210
2167:such as
2145:cryptica
2060:Misandra
2050:L.E.Mora
2011:L.E.Mora
1989:L.E.Mora
1950:L.E.Mora
1933:L.E.Mora
1916:L.E.Mora
1899:L.E.Mora
1882:L.E.Mora
1860:L.E.Mora
1843:L.E.Mora
1813:Ecuador
1809:L.E.Mora
1758:Gaudich.
1663:Skottsb.
1646:Schindl.
1590:L.E.Mora
1482:L.E.Mora
1465:L.E.Mora
1448:L.E.Mora
1431:L.E.Mora
1401:cryptica
1384:L.E.Mora
1367:L.E.Mora
1315:Bolivia
1277:L.E.Mora
1243:L.E.Mora
1226:Schindl.
1209:L.E.Mora
1192:Schindl.
1179:Ecuador
1175:L.E.Mora
858:Subgenus
812:Misandra
800:Misandra
650:petioles
630:off the
601:reniform
534:Cenozoic
483:Turonian
373:Taxonomy
351:Papuasia
255:Synonyms
203:Family:
187:Eudicots
7248:Gunnera
6781:1352729
6768:19527-1
6729:2984296
6716:Gunnera
6640:Gunnera
6625:Q133625
6610:Gunnera
6321:Apiales
5987:Lamiids
5086:Malvids
5041:Huaceae
4736:Rosales
4688:Fagales
4655:Fabales
4569:Vitales
4293:Buxales
4239:Poaceae
3747:Araceae
3706:Lilidae
3318:Gunnera
3235:Gunnera
3223:Gunnera
3166:1203372
3018:Gunnera
2977:Gunnera
2949:Gunnera
2907:Gunnera
2903:Gunnera
2772:Gunnera
2748:Gunnera
2634:5858603
2605:Gunnera
2583:2387727
2555:Bibcode
2541:Gunnera
2496:Bibcode
2484:Gunnera
2361:"Nalca"
2302:Gunnera
2222:curanto
2180:Gunnera
2158:Gunnera
2141:Gunnera
2107:Gunnera
2097:Hook.f.
1762:Hawaii
1573:Lundell
1517:Gunnera
1397:Gunnera
1116:Hook.f.
1033:Colenso
994:Hook.f.
844:Species
828:Gunnera
820:Gunnera
796:Gunnera
792:Gunnera
764:Gunnera
717:Gunnera
686:Gunnera
681:flowers
643:⁄
632:Chilean
626:of the
617:Ireland
605:petiole
560:Gunnera
556:Gunnera
538:Gunnera
530:Gunnera
526:Gunnera
503:Gunnera
487:Gunnera
450:Gunnera
435:Gunnera
423:Gunnera
390:Gunnera
378:Gunnera
319:Gunnera
248:Gunnera
224:Gunnera
219:Genus:
193:Order:
148:Plantae
121:at the
25:Gunnera
7153:558794
7137:NZOR:
7091:113257
6864:PLANTS
6856:323534
6843:493674
6827:NZOR:
6703:114197
6651:191110
6648:APDB:
4592:Fabids
4559:Rosids
4166:Poales
3371:APG IV
3196:
3173:
3163:
3118:
3093:
3052:
2999:
2931:
2884:
2876:
2868:
2825:
2677:
2641:
2631:
2581:
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