898:, and performance tests. They also authorize European and world shows and compile an annual list of Haflinger experts, or adjudicators. The WHF is the international umbrella organization, with 21 member organizations in 22 countries. Membership organizations include the Haflinger Horse Society of Australia, the Australian Haflinger Horse Breeders Association, the Canadian Haflinger Association, the Haflinger Pferdezuchtverband Tirol (Tyrolean Haflinger Breeding Association), the Italian Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Cavalli di Razza Haflinger Italia and the American Haflinger Registry, as well as a division for breeders in countries that are not already members. National organizations are allowed to become members of the WHF through agreeing to promote pure breeding and maintain the hereditary characteristics of the Haflinger breed. Member organizations must maintain both a purebred studbook and a separate part-bred studbook for animals with Arabian or other bloodlines.
736:, with horses from East and West Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Switzerland and Austria participating. Haflingers were first exported to Belgium in 1966, to Bhutan in 1968, and to Poland, Hungary and Albania in subsequent years. The importations to Bhutan encouraged interest in the breed in other parts of Asia. In 1974, the first Haflinger was imported to Australia. The first Canadian Haflinger was registered with the United States breed association in 1977, and a Canadian registry was formed in 1980. Between 1970 and 1975, Haflingers were also imported into Luxemburg, Denmark, Thailand, Colombia, Brazil, southwest Africa, Sweden and Ireland. They have also been imported into Japan. Haflingers maintained a population on every populated continent by the end of the 1970s. Worldwide breeding continued through the 1980s and 1990s, and population numbers increased steadily.
529:, but foals of these stallions lacked many key Haflinger traits and breeding to these sires was discontinued. After the birth of Folie in 1874, several Austrian noblemen became interested in the breed and petitioned the government for support and direction of organized breeding procedures. It was 1899 before the Austrian government responded, deciding to support breeding programs through establishment of subsidies; high-quality Haflinger fillies were among those chosen for the government-subsidized breeding program. Since then the best Haflinger fillies and colts have been chosen and selectively bred to maintain the breed's quality. Horses not considered to meet quality standards were used by the army as pack animals. By the end of the 19th century Haflingers were common in both
930:, height, temperament and color. Mares must have a fully registered purebred pedigree extending six generations back to be considered for stud-book acceptance. Stallions are registered separately. Colts must have a dam with a fully purebred pedigree, and are inspected based on hereditary reliability and likely breeding strength, as well as the other qualifications. Each stallion's registration certification must show a fully purebred pedigree extending back four generations, and records of mares covered, percentages of pregnancies aborted, still-born and live-born, and numbers and genders of foals born. This information is used to match stallions and mares for breeding. Tyrolean colts undergo an initial assessment, and those not chosen must be either
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569:, South Tyrol (including Hafling) was ceded to Italy, while North Tyrol remained in Austria. This split was extremely detrimental to the Haflinger breed, as most of the brood mares were in South Tyrol in what was now Italy, while the high-quality breeding stallions had been kept at studs in North Tyrol and so were still in Austria. Little effort at cooperation was made between breeders in North and South Tyrol, and in the 1920s a new Horse Breeders' Commission was established in
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914:, and multiple forms are needed to prove covering and birth of a purebred Haflinger foal. Within six months of birth, foals are inspected, and those considered to have potential as breeding stock are given certificates of pedigree and branded. Horses are reinspected at three years old, checked against written association standards, and if they pass, are then entered into the studbook. After their final inspection, Haflingers from Austria and Italy are
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stallions had been saved and breeders could privately own stallions. Bavarian and
Tyrolean breeders maintained close ties and cooperated extensively. North Tyrolean breeders were also able to acquire several high-quality older stallions and lower-quality young stallions from South Tyrol. In 1947, the Federation of Austrian Haflinger Breeders was established as a governing organization for the provincial associations. At this time a large-scale
618:, and in 1922, the first Haflinger Breeders' Show was held in the same location. Many extant Austrian Haflinger mares were considered to be of too low quality to be used as brood mares, and every effort was made to import higher-quality brood mares from the South Tyrol herds now in Italy. In 1926, the first studbook was established in North Tyrol. In the late 1920s, other cooperatives were established for Haflinger breeders in
626:, and were able to gain government permission to purchase 100 Haflinger mares from South Tyrol and split them between North Tyrol, Upper Austria and Styria. This single transaction represented one third of all registered mares in South Tyrol, and many others were sold through private treaty, leaving the two regions comparable in terms of breeding-stock populations. In 1931, another breeders' cooperative was established in
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685:, but they were subsequently stolen and never seen again. In other areas of Tyrol, all one- to three-year-old colts had been requisitioned by military breeding centers, and therefore it was necessary to treat colts not even a year old as potential breeding stallions. In the years after World War II, some observers feared that the breed was dying out because of indiscriminate crossing with other breeds.
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characteristics. Haflinger breeding had to change to create a horse that better fit modern trends toward recreational use. Around this time, all small breed cooperatives were combined into the
Haflinger Breeders' Association of Tyrol. Post-World War II Tyrol, including the breeding center at Zams, was under the control of American forces, who slaughtered many horses to provide
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1990s aiming to increase height, some breed lines became favored over others in Italy. A 2007 study found little inbreeding within the
Italian Haflinger population as a whole, although certain less popular lines had a higher incidence due to the existence of fewer breeding stallions. Haflingers are bred throughout France, especially in the provinces of
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and balanced. Some knee action is seen, and the canter has a very distinct motion forwards and upwards. One important consideration in breeding during the second half of the 20th century was temperament. A requirement for a quiet, kind nature has become part of official breed standards and is checked
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A strict system of inspection, started in
Austria, has evolved to ensure that only good-quality stock meeting high standards are used for breeding. This is coupled with close maintenance of the studbook to maintain inspection validity. Mares must be inspected and registered with the stud book before
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of the late 1920s and early 1930s dampened horse prices and had an unfavorable effect on
Haflinger breeding, but from 1938 onwards markets improved as a result of the buildup for World War II. All crossbred horses and colts not of breeding quality could be sold to the army, and higher subsidies were
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with brood mares from North and South Tyrol, and several private stud farms were established elsewhere in the country. The combination of a high demand for pack horses and variable amounts of breed knowledge of the purchasers led to the purchase of both high- and low-quality horses, which had mixed
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or sold out of the
Tyrolean breeding area. The chosen colts are reassessed every six months until a final inspection at the age of three, when the best stallions are chosen for Tyrolean breeding, after which they are purchased by the Austrian Ministry of Agriculture and made available for breeding
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competed with a driving team of four
Haflingers. Several national shows for Haflingers are held, including those in Germany, Great Britain, and the United States. Despite the Austrian prohibitions against crossbreeding, other countries have practiced this to some extent. Good-quality animals have
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work. The
Haflinger was originally developed to work in the mountainous regions of its native land, where it was used as a packhorse and for forestry and agricultural work. In the late 20th century Haflingers were used by the Indian Army in an attempt to breed pack animals for mountainous terrain,
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horses were exported to
Germany, reducing the resources available for Haflinger breeding programs. Through well-planned marketing campaigns, the Haflinger became the dominant small-horse breed in the region. In 1954, Yugoslavia and Italy purchased breeding stock from North Tyrol to establish their
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was held, attended by visitors from
Switzerland, who soon after their return home sent a purchasing commission to Austria and were instrumental in founding the Haflinger population in Switzerland. Southern Tyrol had no difficulty in selling its horses, as all of Italy was in the market to purchase
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was created. Interest in the breed increased in other countries, and between 1950 and 1974, the population grew, even while the overall European horse population decreased. Population numbers continued to increase steadily, and as of 2005, almost 250,000 Haflingers existed worldwide. Breeding
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exist in many countries to provide accurate documentation of Haflinger pedigrees and ownership, and to promote the Haflinger breed. Most are linked to each other through membership in the World Haflinger Federation (WHF), established in 1976. The WHF establishes international breeding guidelines,
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Bolzano and Willi were great-great grandsons of Folie, while the rest were great-great-great grandsons. Especially in the early years of the breed's history, some inbreeding occurred, both by accident and design, which served to reinforce the breed's dominant characteristics. During the 1980s and
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own the stallions and carefully maintain the quality of the breed. However, breeding farms are located in the United States, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, and England. As of 2007, Italian Haflingers had the largest population of any breed in that country. Due to selective breeding during the
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Between 1950 and 1974, even as the overall European equine population was dropping due to increased mechanization, the Haflinger population was increasing. In that time period, the population of registered Haflinger brood mares rose from 1,562 to 2,043. This was mainly a result of the increased
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are given a name beginning with a letter of the alphabet designated to be used for that year; and Italy, where colts' names must begin with the letter or letters designating the stallion line, while fillies' names begin with the letter designated for a given year. The seven stallion lines are:
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After World War II, Haflinger breeding programs almost collapsed as the military stopped buying horses and government-run breeding centers were closed. Breeders continued to emphasize those features necessary for pack horses (the largest use by the military), but neglected other key Haflinger
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after World War I, the Haflinger might well not exist in Austria today. Despite these stallions, the Haflinger breeding programs were not on solid footing in Austria, with governmental focus on other Austrian breeds and private breeding programs not large enough to influence national breeding
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upon her official visit to Austria, and in 1970, the Haflinger Society of Great Britain was established. The first Haflinger was exported to France in 1964, and they continued to be transferred to that country until 1975, when the breeding population became stable. Between 1980 and 2000, the
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with no new blood being introduced. The Tyrolean Haflinger Breeders' Association established its own stallion center and prohibited private breeders from keeping stallions, thus ensuring that the association maintained 100 percent control of breeding stallions. In Bavaria, several young
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N-line. Founded by Nibbio, born 1920. Early in its history, the Nibbio line split into two branches, one in Italy and one in Austria. The N-line is populous, with the greatest number of stallions at stud. It is one of two (the other being the A-line) with a presence in all Haflinger breeding
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members, Haflingers provide a large percentage of national production. Most are either bred specifically for meat production and slaughtered between the ages of 10 and 18 months, or as a result of health problems, or age. The Haflinger also produces the majority of the
873:. British enthusiasts maintain a partbred registry for Haflinger crosses. In Germany, horses that are 75 percent Haflinger and 25 percent Arabian are popular and are called Arabo-Haflingers. In Italy, where horse meat consumption is at the highest among all
284:(54 and 60 inches, 137 and 152 cm). Breeders are discouraged from breeding horses under the minimum size, but taller individuals may pass inspection if they otherwise meet requirements of the breed registry. The breed has a refined head and light
248:. They are also still used by the Austrian and German armies for work in rough terrain. The World Haflinger Federation, the international governing body that controls breed standards for the Haflinger, is made up of a confederation of 22 national
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recognizes both an "Avelignese" and an "Avelignese Tradizionale" as existing in Italy, although, as of 2007, only 13 of the latter existed, including only one breeding stallion. However, all breed organizations recognize and register only one type.
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B-line. Founded by Bolzano, born 1915. Bolzano's less common line, although strong in Austria, is not prevalent elsewhere. The line is spreading nevertheless; the U.S. and several European countries including Great Britain are establishing Bolzano
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S-line. Founded by Stelvio, born 1923. Stelvio is the least numerous of the lines, threatened with extinction after non-Haflinger blood was introduced in Germany. Currently most populous in Italy, Austrian authorities are working to re-establish
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still uses Haflingers as packhorses in rough terrain. They are used most often in high Alpine terrain, with slopes up to 40% and steps of up to 40 cm (16 in). Around 70 horses are in use, held by the 6th Infantry Brigade and based in
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ST-line. Founded by Student, born 1927. Although the ST-line has a large number of stallions, its geographic spread is limited because of unselective breeding in some countries. Germany and the U.S. hold the most horses of this line outside
366:. Anselmo was brought back to stud at the age of 21, when a lack of stallions after World War II led to concerns that the line would not survive, and produced several stallions now represented in all Haflinger breeding populations worldwide.
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and Noriker breeds. In 1919 and 1920, the remaining stallions were assigned throughout Austria, many to areas that had hosted private breeding farms before the war. In 1921, the North Tyrolean Horse Breeders' Cooperative was formed in
485:. The Arabian influence was strongly reinforced in the modern Haflinger by the introduction of the stallion El Bedavi, imported to Austria in the 19th century. El-Bedavi's half-Arabian great-grandson, El-Bedavi XXII, was bred at the
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were ready purchasers, and the purchasing and breeding continued. Despite some claims that only purebred horses were registered, many well-known Bavarian studs had crossbred maternal lines. During World War II, Haflingers were
474:, a result of the overlapping geographic areas where the two breeds were developed. Whatever its origins, the breed developed in a mountainous climate and was well able to thrive in harsh conditions with minimal maintenance.
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differences among the breed lines. Significant differences were found in some characteristics, including height and proportions; these have been used to help achieve breeding objectives, especially in Italy during the 1990s.
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during official inspections. Some sources recognize two types of Haflingers, a shorter, heavier type used for draft work, and a taller, lighter type used for pleasure riding, light driving, and under-saddle competition. The
761:, with between 350 and 400 foals born each year. Slovenia also has a small Haflinger population, with around 307 breeding mares and 30 breeding stallions as of 2008. A 2009 study found that although a very small amount of
787:. The American Haflinger Registry does not allow horses born as a result of cloning to be registered, although as of 2010 other nations' registries have not yet entered a decision on the topic. In January 2012,
1336:. Translated by Krause, Louisa. Collaboration of Haflinger Breeders and Holders of Germany (AGH) (Arbeitsgemeinschaft der HaflingerzĂĽchter und -halter in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland e.V.). Archived from
926:. Horses from Austria and from South Tyrol have the letter "H" in the center of the brand, while horses from all other parts of Italy have the letters "HI". Horses are graded based on conformation, action,
185:, 249 Folie, was born in 1874; by 1904, the first breeders' cooperative was formed. All Haflingers can trace their lineage back to Folie through one of seven bloodlines. World Wars I and II, as well as the
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W-line. Founded by Willi, born 1921. The W-line, threatened by crossbreeding early in its history, maintains a strong presence in the Netherlands, Canada and the U.S., with a smaller population in Austria.
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for hospitals. However, the troops did allow the breeding director to choose 30 stallions to be kept for breeding purposes. Those horses were relocated to the French-occupied Kops Alm high pasture in
189:, had a detrimental effect on the breed, and lower-quality animals were used at times to save the breed from extinction. During World War II, breeders focused on horses that were shorter and more
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competition. The Commission governed the breeding of the Italian population of both the Haflinger and the Noriker horse. In 1921, because of the lack of breeding stallions in Italy, a crossbred
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own Haflinger programs and in 1956 the German Democratic Republic followed suit. The first Haflingers were exported to the United States from Austria in 1958 by Tempel Smith of Tempel Farms in
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results on breed quality. Purchases by Bavarians also resulted in a further depletion of Austrian and Italian stock, already low from the population depletions of both world wars. However, the
521:, and the mountain environment in which most original members of the breed were raised, has resulted in a very fixed physical type and appearance. In the early years of the breed's development
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Sabbioni, Alberto; Beretti, Valentino; Trezzi, Maria Francesca; Superchi, Paola (2007). "Genetic Variability and Population Structure in the Italian Haflinger Horse from Pedigree Analysis".
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throughout the region. The others are either gelded or sold out of the region. Other countries base their registration and selection practices on Tyrolean ones, as is required by the WHF.
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in Italy, which was given governmental authority to inspect state-owned breeding stallions, register privately owned stallions belonging to Commission members, and give prize money for
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through the cooperation of the German agricultural authorities, military authorities and existing stud farms. The first government-run German Haflinger stud farm was established in
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264:, which today is in northern Italy. The breed is also called the Avelignese, from the Italian name for Hafling, which is Avelengo or previously Aveligna. Haflingers are always
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with other breeds and some observers feared the breed was in renewed danger of extinction. However, starting in 1946, breeders focused on producing purebred Haflingers and a
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programs. They are used extensively as dressage horses for children, but are tall and sturdy enough to be suitable riding horses for adults. In the 1970s, British
783:, and was a healthy foal. In 2008, Prometea herself gave birth to the first offspring of an equine clone, a colt named Pegaso sired by a Haflinger stallion through
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by registered stallions, and the resulting progeny were registered, resulting in a degradation of breeding stock. In 1935 and 1936, a breeding program was begun in
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and into Czechoslovakia in 1959. Tyrolean Haflingers were purchased by the Netherlands and Turkey in 1961. In Turkey they were both bred pure and crossed with the
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Lanza, M.; Landi, C.; Scerra, M.; Galofaro, V.; Pennisi, P. (2009). "Meat quality and intramuscular fatty acid composition of Sanfratellano and Haflinger foals".
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World War I resulted in many Haflingers being taken into military service and the interruption of breeding programs. After the war, under the terms of the
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of refined type. All Haflingers today must trace their ancestry to Folie through one of seven stallion lines (A, B, M, N, S, ST, and W) to be considered
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farms are in several countries, although most of the breeding stock still comes from Austria. In 2003, a Haflinger became the first horse to be
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given by the government to Haflinger breeders. However, the demands of the war also meant that many unregistered mares of Haflinger type were
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region) during the late 19th century. Haflinger horses are relatively small, are always chestnut with flaxen mane and tail, have distinctive
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A-line. Founded by Anselmo, born 1926. One of the most prevalent lines today, descendants include the second-largest number of stallions at
169:; several theories for its origin exist. Haflingers, developed for use in mountainous terrain, are known for their hardiness. Their current
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Many have complex or obscure histories, so inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively Italian.
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occurred in the population, it was increasing slightly over the years. As of 2005, almost 250,000 Haflingers remained in the world.
418:. Origins of the breed are uncertain, but two main theories are given. The first is that Haflingers descend from horses abandoned in the
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All Haflingers today trace their lineage through one of seven stallion lines to Folie, the foundation stallion of the breed. Usually,
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1235:[The birth of a foal] (in Italian). Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Cavalli di Razza Haflinger - Italia. Archived from
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in 555 AD. These abandoned horses are believed to have been influenced by Oriental bloodlines and may help explain the
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M-line. Founded by Massimo, born 1927. An Italian stallion, Massimo founded a line that is prevalent in Austria and Italy.
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Although the Haflinger is now found all over the world, the majority of breeding stock still comes from Austria, where
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Haflingers were bred to be versatile enough for many under-saddle disciplines, but still solid enough for draft and
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At conferences in 1946 and 1947, the decision was made to breed Haflinger horses from pure bloodlines, creating a
581:-Arabian stallion was used for the Haflinger breeding program, as well as many lower-quality purebred Haflingers.
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breed. In 1963, the first Haflinger was exported to Great Britain, in 1969 two Haflinger mares were presented to
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in 1282, and was probably the ancestor of the modern Haflinger. The second theory is that they descended from a
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276:. The height of the breed has increased since the end of World War II, when it stood an average of 13.3
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described as energetic but smooth, and are well-muscled yet elegant. The breed traces its ancestry to the
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but the program was unsuccessful because of the Haflinger's inability to withstand the desert heat. The
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population of Haflingers in France tripled. In 1965, the first international Haflinger show was held at
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physical characteristics seen in the Haflinger. A type of light mountain pony was first recorded in the
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are given a name beginning with the first letter of their dam's name. The exceptions are France, where
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is long, slightly sloping, and well-muscled. The legs are clean, with broad, flat knees and powerful
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PotoÄŤnik, Klemen; Gantner, Vesna; Ĺ tepec, Miran; Krsnik, Jurij; Rus, Janez; Gorjanc, Gregor (2009).
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Today, the breed is used in many activities that include draft and pack work, light harness and
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showing clear definition of tendons and ligaments. The Haflinger has rhythmic, ground-covering
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by the military. After the war, breeding emphasis changed to promote refinement and height.
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The breed as it is known today was officially established in the village of Hafling in the
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1037:"Inspection & Classification Breeding Objectives for the American Haflinger Registry"
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of the Tyrol in 1342. It has also been suggested that they descend from the prehistoric
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are given a name beginning with the letter or letters denoting their stallion line, and
197:. The emphasis after the war shifted toward animals of increased refinement and height.
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280:(55 inches, 140 cm). The desired height today is between 13.2 and 15.0
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in color and occur in shades ranging from a light gold to a rich golden chestnut or
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in Austria, and Haflinger breeding spread throughout the entire Tyrolean province.
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are elastic, energetic, and athletic with a natural tendency to be light on the
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practices. During this time, the breed was kept alive through crosses to the
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2125:(in German). Bundesverband Deutscher Stutenmilcherzeuger e.V. Archived from
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A group of Haflinger horses: Note the similarities in color and profile.
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Haflinger Horses: Origins, Breeding and care and Worldwide Distribution
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been produced out of crosses between Haflingers and both Arabians and
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This article is about the breed of horse. For the Haflinger car, see
2312:(7th Revised ed.). New York, NY: Arco Publishing Company, Inc.
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Draft Horses and Mules: Harnessing Equine Power for Farm & Show
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1673:. Australian Haflinger Horse Breeders Association. Archived from
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If not for the presence of Haflinger stallions at a stud farm in
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Collaboration of Haflinger Breeders and Holders of Germany (AGH)
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1924:(in German). Bundesministerium fĂĽr Landesverteidigung und Sport
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are pronounced, the shoulders sloping, and the chest deep. The
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Schweisgut, Otto (translated by Kira Medlin-Henschel) (1988).
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Storey's Illustrated Guide to 96 Horse Breeds of North America
1206:[Rules governing the stud-book of the Haflinger pony]
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Storey's Illustrated Guide to 96 Horse Breeds of North America
549:. In 1904, the Haflinger Breeders' Cooperative was founded in
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stallions such as Dahoman, Tajar and Gidran were also used as
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and appearance are the result of infusions of bloodlines from
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considered in Italy to be wholly or partly of Italian origin.
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born. Bred by Italian scientists, she was cloned from a mare
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Haflingers used as pack horses during a medieval re-enactment
1859:. American Haflinger Registry. December 2008. Archived from
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2293:(1st American ed.). New York, NY: Dorling Kindersley.
1740:"Analysis of inbreeding in Slovenian Haflinger population"
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countries. The line is most prolific in Austria and Italy.
2009:. The Haflinger Society of Great Britain. Archived from
1631:. The Haflinger Society of Great Britain. Archived from
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horses, and breeding populations spread as far south as
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A breed of horse developed in Austria and northern Italy
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In the postwar era, the Haflinger was indiscriminately
2348:(English ed.). Munich: BLV Verlagsgesellschaft.
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Annali della Facolta di Medicina Veterinaria di Parma
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and various European breeds into the original native
2154:. Haflinger Pferdezuchtverband Tirol. Archived from
1774:. Haflinger Pferdezuchtverband Tirol. Archived from
1204:"Règlement du stud-book français du poney Haflinger"
1157:. Food and Agriculture Organization. Archived from
1127:. Food and Agriculture Organization. Archived from
829:for rough terrain work and demonstration purposes.
82:
66:
61:
53:
45:
2371:Federation of South Tyrol Haflinger Horse Breeders
2208:
1828:"First Offspring of an Equine Clone Born in Italy"
1826:
1798:
1772:"The Haflinger – a living Tyrolean cultural asset"
224:Haflingers have many uses, including light draft,
2211:Simon & Schuster's Guide to Horses and Ponies
1290:Simon & Schuster's Guide to Horses and Ponies
1210:(in French). Les Haras Nationaux. 8 December 2010
1031:
1029:
807:Haflingers pulling a carriage in northern Austria
414:The history of the Haflinger horse traces to the
393:1990s, several studies were conducted to examine
1699:. Canadian Haflinger Association. Archived from
2396:Australian Haflinger Horse Breeders Association
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
260:The name "Haflinger" comes from the village of
1328:
1326:
1324:
979:"The Haflinger Horse in its Country of Origin"
2428:
2035:. American Haflinger Registry. Archived from
1387:. American Haflinger Registry. Archived from
1155:Domestic Animal Diversity Information Service
1125:Domestic Animal Diversity Information Service
1039:. American Haflinger Registry. Archived from
714:marketing of the breed, and happened even as
660:to produce horses that were shorter and more
8:
2329:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
28:
2255:. Allen Breed Series. London: J. A. Allen.
2215:. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, Inc.
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
692:Haflinger mares in Germany in the mid-1980s
470:. Haflingers have close connections to the
2435:
2421:
2413:
2327:International Encyclopedia of Horse Breeds
2075:International Encyclopedia of Horse Breeds
1970:(in German). Deutschesheer. Archived from
1922:"Haflinger-Ausbildung auf höchstem Niveau"
1888:. Breyer Animal Creations. 27 January 2012
1256:
1254:
1227:
1225:
836:, and many under-saddle events, including
193:-like, favored by the military for use as
34:
27:
1755:
768:On May 28, 2003, a Haflinger filly named
537:, and stud farms had been established in
308:. The walk is relaxed but energetic. The
2056:
2054:
1854:"AHR Board of Directors Meeting Minutes"
1720:
1718:
1652:
1650:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1473:
1471:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1180:
1178:
1176:
2401:Haflinger Horse Association New Zealand
2376:Tyrolean Haflinger Breeding Association
1797:Church, Stephanie L. (1 October 2003).
1076:
1074:
1060:
1058:
981:. Haflinger Horse Italy. Archived from
943:
2146:
2144:
1825:Church, Stephanie L. (29 April 2008).
1379:
1377:
1375:
102:The Haflinger Society of Great Britain
1945:"Haflinger - Soldaten mit vier Hufen"
951:
949:
947:
288:. The neck is of medium length, the
272:hue. The mane and tail are white or
7:
2499:Cavallo Romano della Maremma Laziale
1966:Engelhardt, JĂĽrgen (13 March 2007).
825:. The Haflinger is also used by the
2648:Horse breeds originating in Austria
2230:Damerow, Gail; Rice, Alina (2008).
1014:. International Museum of the Horse
2386:Haflinger Society of Great Britain
422:valleys in central Europe by East
14:
2653:Horse breeds originating in Italy
2207:Bongianni, Maurizio, ed. (1988).
1744:Italian Journal of Animal Science
959:. Oklahoma State University. 1996
501:, 249 Folie, born in 1874 in the
323:Food and Agriculture Organization
296:is medium-long and muscular; the
2308:Hayes, Capt. M. Horace (1976) .
1943:Berger, Eva-Maria (April 2010).
1800:"The World's First Cloned Horse"
866:Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
2289:Edwards, Elwyn Hartley (1994).
1151:"Avelignese Tradizionale/Italy"
2391:Canadian Haflinger Association
1:
2291:The Encyclopedia of the Horse
2101:10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.07.008
1908:The Encyclopedia of the Horse
1367:The Encyclopedia of the Horse
1316:The Encyclopedia of the Horse
452:Margrave Louis of Brandenburg
2516:(TPR or Tiro Pesante Rapido)
2152:"World Haflinger Federation"
456:Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor
2381:American Haflinger Registry
1334:"Haflinger aus Deutschland"
840:-style horse-show classes,
97:American Haflinger Registry
70:Small horse, sturdy build,
2669:
2325:Hendricks, Bonnie (2007).
1121:"Breeds reported by Italy"
92:World Haflinger Federation
20:
2619:
2463:
2450:
1671:"Haflingers in Australia"
894:objectives and rules for
430:troops after the fall of
110:
87:
40:A Haflinger mare and foal
33:
2251:Deverill, Helen (1996).
1757:10.4081/ijas.2009.s3.128
588:A combined driving event
2479:Avelignese tradizionale
2270:Dutson, Judith (2005).
1968:"Tradition und Moderne"
1233:"Nascita di un puledro"
785:artificial insemination
772:became the first horse
567:Treaty of Saint Germain
557:and stallion registry.
67:Distinguishing features
1108:Draft Horses and Mules
906:
808:
693:
589:
509:was a native Tyrolean
411:
358:
2522:(Trottatore Italiano)
2444:Horse breeds of Italy
2274:. Storey Publishing.
2236:. Storey Publishing.
2123:"Info und EinfĂĽhrung"
1920:Hufnagl, Wolfdieter.
1750:(suppl. 3): 128–130.
904:
882:consumed in Germany.
806:
691:
587:
517:. The small original
479:Etschlander Mountains
409:
353:
256:Breed characteristics
2623:List of horse breeds
2591:Sardinian Anglo-Arab
2566:Purosangue Orientale
1886:"Classics Haflinger"
985:on 27 September 2007
232:disciplines such as
133:, also known as the
117:Equus ferus caballus
29:Haflinger/Avelignese
23:Steyr-Puch Haflinger
2514:Italian Heavy Draft
2310:Points of the Horse
2033:"AHR National Show"
1677:on 19 February 2011
1340:on 28 December 2010
1066:Points of the Horse
922:in the shape of an
891:Breed organizations
653:German Armed Forces
499:foundation stallion
464:Margarete Maultasch
448:Kingdom of Burgundy
242:equestrian vaulting
30:
2601:Siciliano Indigeno
2158:on 7 February 2011
1778:on 7 February 2011
1635:on 6 February 2012
1391:on 1 February 2008
1106:Damerow and Rice,
1043:on 1 February 2008
907:
896:studbook selection
875:European Community
862:therapeutic riding
809:
795:of the Haflinger.
729:Queen Elizabeth II
694:
590:
481:, then located in
412:
359:
246:therapeutic riding
228:work, and various
2630:
2629:
2336:978-0-8061-3884-8
2243:978-1-60342-081-5
1947:(in German). 3sat
1697:"Haflinger Breed"
1239:on 3 October 2012
664:-like for use as
462:married Princess
213:, resulting in a
127:
126:
54:Country of origin
2660:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2414:
2359:
2340:
2321:
2304:
2285:
2266:
2247:
2226:
2214:
2194:
2187:
2181:
2178:Haflinger Horses
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2084:
2078:
2071:
2065:
2058:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2003:
1997:
1990:
1984:
1983:
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1684:
1682:
1667:
1661:
1654:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1625:
1619:
1616:Haflinger Horses
1612:
1599:
1596:Haflinger Horses
1592:
1586:
1583:Haflinger Horses
1579:
1573:
1570:Haflinger Horses
1566:
1560:
1557:Haflinger Horses
1553:
1547:
1544:Haflinger Horses
1540:
1534:
1531:Haflinger Horses
1527:
1521:
1518:Haflinger Horses
1514:
1508:
1505:Haflinger Horses
1501:
1495:
1492:Haflinger Horses
1488:
1482:
1479:Haflinger Horses
1475:
1466:
1463:Haflinger Horses
1459:
1453:
1450:Haflinger Horses
1446:
1440:
1437:Haflinger Horses
1433:
1427:
1424:Haflinger Horses
1420:
1414:
1411:Haflinger Horses
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1381:
1370:
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1033:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1008:
995:
994:
992:
990:
975:
969:
968:
966:
964:
953:
846:endurance riding
834:combined driving
698:closed stud book
635:Great Depression
487:Austro-Hungarian
234:endurance riding
206:closed stud book
187:Great Depression
119:
74:body color with
38:
31:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2615:
2520:Italian Trotter
2459:
2457:
2446:
2441:
2367:
2362:
2356:
2343:
2337:
2324:
2307:
2301:
2288:
2282:
2269:
2263:
2250:
2244:
2229:
2223:
2206:
2202:
2200:Further reading
2197:
2193:, pp. 28–29, 72
2188:
2184:
2175:
2171:
2161:
2159:
2150:
2149:
2142:
2132:
2130:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2072:
2068:
2059:
2052:
2042:
2040:
2039:on 24 July 2008
2031:
2030:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1975:
1974:on 28 July 2012
1965:
1964:
1960:
1950:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1927:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1905:
1901:
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1889:
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1883:
1879:
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1781:
1779:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1723:
1716:
1706:
1704:
1703:on 9 March 2010
1695:
1694:
1690:
1680:
1678:
1669:
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1648:
1638:
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1460:
1456:
1447:
1443:
1434:
1430:
1421:
1417:
1408:
1404:
1394:
1392:
1385:"Breed History"
1383:
1382:
1373:
1364:
1353:
1343:
1341:
1332:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1309:
1300:
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1259:
1252:
1242:
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1231:
1230:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1192:
1183:
1174:
1164:
1162:
1161:on 12 July 2012
1149:
1148:
1144:
1134:
1132:
1131:on 11 July 2012
1119:
1118:
1114:
1105:
1101:
1092:
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1027:
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986:
977:
976:
972:
962:
960:
955:
954:
945:
941:
888:
801:
742:
716:Norwegian Fjord
674:
563:
497:of the breed's
483:Austria-Hungary
454:by his father,
404:
354:A Haflinger in
332:
258:
183:foundation sire
123:
115:
106:
83:Breed standards
41:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2666:
2664:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2635:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2596:Sella Italiano
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2452:These are the
2451:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2417:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2366:
2365:External links
2363:
2361:
2360:
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2267:
2261:
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2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2182:
2169:
2140:
2114:
2095:(1): 142–147.
2079:
2066:
2050:
2024:
1998:
1985:
1958:
1935:
1912:
1899:
1877:
1866:on 8 July 2018
1845:
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672:Postwar period
670:
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331:
330:Stallion lines
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2581:Sanfratellano
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2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
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2542:
2539:
2537:
2536:Monterufolino
2534:
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2527:
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2357:
2355:3-405-13593-1
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2347:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2300:1-56458-614-6
2296:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2281:1-58017-613-5
2277:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2262:0-85131-644-1
2258:
2254:
2253:The Haflinger
2249:
2245:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2228:
2224:
2222:0-671-66068-3
2218:
2213:
2212:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2192:
2191:The Haflinger
2186:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2129:on 8 May 2009
2128:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2062:The Haflinger
2057:
2055:
2051:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2013:on 7 May 2012
2012:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1994:The Haflinger
1989:
1986:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1959:
1946:
1939:
1936:
1923:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1900:
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1801:
1793:
1790:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1726:The Haflinger
1721:
1719:
1715:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1658:The Haflinger
1653:
1651:
1647:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1601:
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1403:
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1380:
1378:
1376:
1372:
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1360:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1303:The Haflinger
1298:
1295:
1291:
1285:
1283:
1281:
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1277:
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1268:
1264:
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1234:
1228:
1226:
1222:
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1199:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1186:The Haflinger
1181:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1160:
1156:
1152:
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1143:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1116:
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1103:
1100:
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1087:
1083:
1082:The Haflinger
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1013:
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867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
830:
828:
824:
819:
818:Austrian Army
814:
805:
798:
796:
794:
790:
789:Breyer Horses
786:
782:
779:
775:
771:
766:
764:
760:
756:
752:
747:
739:
737:
735:
730:
726:
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717:
711:
709:
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690:
686:
684:
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671:
669:
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659:
654:
649:
645:
641:
636:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
612:
608:
604:
599:
598:Upper Austria
595:
586:
582:
580:
576:
572:
568:
560:
558:
556:
552:
548:
547:Lower Austria
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
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516:
512:
508:
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492:
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469:
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453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
426:fleeing from
425:
421:
417:
408:
401:
399:
396:
395:morphological
387:
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152:
149:and northern
148:
145:developed in
144:
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132:
120:
118:
113:
112:
109:
103:
100:
98:
95:
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89:
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81:
78:mane and tail
77:
73:
72:chestnut coat
69:
65:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
32:
24:
19:
2643:Horse breeds
2621:
2504:Esperia Pony
2472:
2454:horse breeds
2410:
2345:
2326:
2309:
2290:
2271:
2252:
2232:
2210:
2190:
2185:
2177:
2176:Schweisgut,
2172:
2160:. Retrieved
2156:the original
2131:. Retrieved
2127:the original
2117:
2092:
2089:Meat Science
2088:
2082:
2074:
2069:
2061:
2041:. Retrieved
2037:the original
2027:
2015:. Retrieved
2011:the original
2007:"Breed Show"
2001:
1993:
1988:
1976:. Retrieved
1972:the original
1961:
1949:. Retrieved
1938:
1926:. Retrieved
1915:
1907:
1902:
1890:. Retrieved
1880:
1868:. Retrieved
1861:the original
1848:
1836:. Retrieved
1832:
1820:
1808:. Retrieved
1804:
1792:
1782:15 September
1780:. Retrieved
1776:the original
1766:
1747:
1743:
1733:
1725:
1705:. Retrieved
1701:the original
1691:
1681:15 September
1679:. Retrieved
1675:the original
1665:
1657:
1637:. Retrieved
1633:the original
1623:
1615:
1614:Schweisgut,
1595:
1594:Schweisgut,
1590:
1582:
1581:Schweisgut,
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1569:
1568:Schweisgut,
1564:
1556:
1555:Schweisgut,
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1543:
1542:Schweisgut,
1538:
1530:
1529:Schweisgut,
1525:
1517:
1516:Schweisgut,
1512:
1504:
1503:Schweisgut,
1499:
1491:
1490:Schweisgut,
1486:
1478:
1477:Schweisgut,
1462:
1461:Schweisgut,
1457:
1449:
1448:Schweisgut,
1444:
1436:
1435:Schweisgut,
1431:
1423:
1422:Schweisgut,
1418:
1410:
1409:Schweisgut,
1405:
1393:. Retrieved
1389:the original
1366:
1344:14 September
1342:. Retrieved
1338:the original
1315:
1310:
1302:
1297:
1289:
1266:
1262:
1241:. Retrieved
1237:the original
1212:. Retrieved
1185:
1163:. Retrieved
1159:the original
1154:
1145:
1133:. Retrieved
1129:the original
1124:
1115:
1107:
1102:
1094:
1089:
1081:
1065:
1045:. Retrieved
1041:the original
1016:. Retrieved
987:. Retrieved
983:the original
973:
961:. Retrieved
910:they can be
908:
889:
886:Registration
854:show jumping
831:
810:
767:
743:
740:21st century
712:
695:
675:
632:
591:
564:
476:
468:forest horse
440:Etsch Valley
413:
391:
333:
259:
230:under-saddle
223:
199:
181:ponies. The
171:conformation
134:
130:
128:
114:
18:
2571:Salernitano
2509:Giara horse
2475:(Haflinger)
2468:Appenninico
2133:25 November
2073:Hendricks,
1978:25 November
1951:25 November
1928:25 November
1892:9 September
1838:22 December
1707:20 December
1618:, pp. 50–52
1598:, pp. 46–49
1572:, pp. 40–41
1559:, pp. 38–39
1533:, pp. 35–36
1520:, pp. 32–34
1507:, pp. 31–32
1481:, pp. 22–29
1465:, pp. 20–22
1426:, pp. 13–16
1292:, Entry 157
1288:Bongianni,
1188:, pp. 30–37
1084:, pp. 25–27
1012:"Haflinger"
957:"Haflinger"
871:Andalusians
827:German Army
793:model horse
746:state studs
624:Wildschönau
594:Stadl-Paura
535:North Tyrol
458:, when the
416:Middle Ages
356:South Tyrol
167:Middle Ages
159:South Tyrol
46:Other names
2637:Categories
2546:Neapolitan
2484:Bardigiano
2473:Avelignese
2318:B000UEYZHA
2189:Deverill,
2060:Deverill,
1992:Deverill,
1870:5 February
1810:5 February
1724:Deverill,
1656:Deverill,
1395:26 January
1301:Deverill,
1269:: 199–210.
1243:30 January
1214:30 January
1184:Deverill,
1080:Deverill,
1047:26 January
989:26 January
939:References
880:horse milk
823:Hochfilzen
791:created a
763:inbreeding
703:breed show
683:Vorarlberg
666:packhorses
648:Oberaudorf
628:East Tyrol
575:horse show
561:World Wars
505:. Folie's
250:registries
195:packhorses
135:Avelignese
49:Avelignese
2606:Tolfetano
2586:Sarcidano
2531:Maremmano
2526:Lipizzano
2489:Calabrese
1906:Edwards,
1833:The Horse
1805:The Horse
1629:"History"
1365:Edwards,
1314:Edwards,
924:edelweiss
920:firebrand
734:Innsbruck
725:Karacabey
579:Sardinian
519:gene pool
503:Vinschgau
446:from the
428:Byzantine
131:Haflinger
2611:Ventasso
2576:Samolaco
2162:25 March
2109:22063974
2077:, p. 212
1318:, p. 185
1165:11 April
1135:11 April
1097:, p. 125
1093:Dutson,
1068:, p. 400
858:vaulting
850:dressage
770:Prometea
755:Burgundy
751:Brittany
721:Illinois
555:studbook
543:Salzburg
523:Oriental
515:purebred
493:and was
489:stud at
460:Margrave
450:sent to
444:stallion
420:Tyrolean
385:Austria.
318:forehand
266:chestnut
238:dressage
219:Prometea
179:Tyrolean
153:(namely
2561:Persano
2551:Noriker
2541:Murgese
2180:, p. 56
2064:, p. 95
2043:16 July
2017:1 April
1996:, p. 60
1910:, p. 53
1728:, p. 24
1660:, p. 22
1639:1 April
1585:, p. 45
1546:, p. 36
1494:, p. 30
1452:, p. 16
1439:, p. 19
1413:, p. 12
1369:, p. 52
1110:, p. 72
1064:Hayes,
1018:1 April
963:16 July
918:with a
916:branded
912:covered
838:western
813:driving
759:Picardy
644:Bavaria
640:covered
607:Bosnian
571:Bolzano
491:Radautz
472:Noriker
436:Arabian
402:History
340:fillies
290:withers
262:Hafling
226:harness
202:crossed
175:Arabian
155:Hafling
147:Austria
137:, is a
2556:Pentro
2494:Catria
2352:
2333:
2316:
2297:
2278:
2259:
2240:
2219:
2107:
1305:, p. 5
932:gelded
860:, and
757:, and
708:Sicily
551:Mölten
539:Styria
370:lines.
314:canter
274:flaxen
244:, and
217:named
211:cloned
76:flaxen
62:Traits
1864:(PDF)
1857:(PDF)
1208:(PDF)
842:trail
774:clone
662:draft
611:Konik
603:Hucul
531:South
527:studs
432:Conza
424:Goths
344:foals
336:colts
306:gaits
302:hocks
298:croup
282:hands
278:hands
270:liver
215:filly
191:draft
163:gaits
151:Italy
143:horse
139:breed
2350:ISBN
2331:ISBN
2314:ASIN
2295:ISBN
2276:ISBN
2257:ISBN
2238:ISBN
2217:ISBN
2164:2011
2135:2010
2105:PMID
2045:2008
2019:2012
1980:2010
1953:2010
1930:2010
1894:2012
1872:2010
1840:2009
1812:2010
1784:2010
1709:2009
1683:2010
1641:2012
1397:2008
1346:2010
1245:2012
1216:2012
1167:2011
1137:2011
1049:2008
1020:2012
991:2008
965:2008
928:bone
844:and
799:Uses
781:cell
778:skin
679:meat
658:bred
633:The
622:and
620:Weer
616:Zams
545:and
533:and
511:mare
495:sire
364:stud
312:and
310:trot
294:back
286:poll
129:The
2097:doi
1752:doi
596:in
507:dam
381:it.
157:in
141:of
2639::
2143:^
2103:.
2093:81
2091:.
2053:^
1831:.
1803:.
1746:.
1742:.
1717:^
1649:^
1603:^
1470:^
1374:^
1354:^
1323:^
1275:^
1267:27
1265:.
1253:^
1224:^
1193:^
1175:^
1153:.
1123:.
1073:^
1057:^
1028:^
999:^
946:^
856:,
852:,
848:,
753:,
710:.
609:,
605:,
541:,
240:,
236:,
221:.
2436:e
2429:t
2422:v
2358:.
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2265:.
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2225:.
2166:.
2137:.
2111:.
2099::
2047:.
2021:.
1982:.
1955:.
1932:.
1896:.
1874:.
1842:.
1814:.
1786:.
1760:.
1754::
1748:8
1711:.
1685:.
1643:.
1399:.
1348:.
1247:.
1218:.
1169:.
1139:.
1051:.
1022:.
993:.
967:.
25:.
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