171:. Altricial means that the young hatch naked and with their eyes closed, and rely totally on their parents for feeding and warmth. Precocial hatching are feathered when hatched, and can leave the nest immediately. In birds, such as the bobwhite quail, hatchlings' auditory systems are more developed than their visual system, as visual stimulation is not present in the egg, while auditory stimulation can reach the embryo even before birth. It has also been shown that auditory development in hatchlings is disrupted by environments high in visual and social stimulation. Many hatchlings are born with some forms of innate behaviours which allow them to improve their ability to survive: for example, hatchling gulls instinctively peck at long objects with marked colour contrast, which leads them to peck at their parents' bills, eliciting a feeding response. Endocrine disruption of hatchling birds increases the rate of deformities and lowers the chances of survival. In bearded vultures, two eggs are laid, but one hatchling will often kill the other. Bird hatchlings raised by humans have sometimes been noted to act towards their human caregivers as their parents.
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navigational skills, including compass and beacon methods of navigation, to reach safety. For example, turtle hatchlings instinctively swim against waves to ensure they leave the beach and its predators. They also head towards the brightest part of the horizon in order to reach the water: however, human activity has created sources of light which mislead the turtle hatchlings, causing them to not travel directly to the water, making them vulnerable to dehydration and predation. Hatchlings of the species
28:
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weigh 30 grams when they first hatch, but can grow up to 1,400 grams as adults. This appears to have been the case even in dinosaurs. In sea turtles, hatchling sex is determined by incubation temperature. In species in which eggs are laid then buried in sand, indentations in the sand can be a clue to imminent hatching. In sea turtles, this usually occurs about 60 days after the laying of eggs, and often at night. However, exposure to
121:
136:
hatchling is quite the opposite of an altricial bird hatchling. Most hatchling reptiles are born with the same instincts as their parents and leave to live on their own immediately after leaving the egg. When first hatched, hatchlings can be several times smaller than their adult forms: Pine Snakes
146:
also gain gut flora essential to digestion from adults as part of their development. In the wild, hatchling survival rates are extremely low due to factors such as predation, for example, by crabs, as well as due to human-made obstacles. Human intervention has also benefitted hatchling reptiles at
74:
Fish hatchlings generally do not receive parental care, similar to reptiles. Like reptiles, fish hatchlings can be affected by xenobiotic compounds. For example, exposure to xenoestrogens can feminize fish. As well, hatchlings raised in water with high levels of carbon dioxide demonstrate unusual
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compounds, especially endocrine-disrupting compounds, can affect hatchling sex ratios as well. Persistent
Organic Pollutants (POPs) and other pollutants like octylphenol are also known to increase rate of hatchling mortality and deformity. Upon hatching, animals such as turtles have innate
99:
hatchling's first day after hatching is spent hanging from a thread of mucus secreted from near its mouth will eventually form; if it becomes detached from this thread, it will swim back and become reattached, usually within ten seconds. While
147:
times. For example, late-hatched loggerhead turtles are taken in by such groups as the
University of Georgia to be raised. In species such as crocodiles, hydration levels also play an important role in embryo survival.
75:
behaviour, such as being attracted to the scent of predators. This change could be reversed by immersion into gabazine water, leading to the hypothesis that acidic waters affect hatchling brain chemistry.
574:"Octylphenol (OP) Alters the Expression of Members of the Amyloid Protein Family in the Hypothalamus of the Snapping Turtle, Chelydra Serpentina Serpentina. (Articles)"
688:"The Crocodile's Power Play - until Everglades Habitat Is Restored, Some Unexpected Nesting Sites Are Helping the American Crocodile Come Back in South Florida"
205:"Antiestrogens Inhibit Xenoestrogen-Induced Brain Aromatase Activity but Do Not Prevent Xenoestrogen-Induced Feminization in Japanese Medaka (Oryzias Latipes)"
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Reptile hatchlings, especially those of turtles, are often sold as pets. This has been reported to occur even in places where such practices are illegal.
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475:"Embryonic Treatment with Xenobiotics Disrupts Steroid Hormone Profiles in Hatchling Red-Eared Slider Turtles (Trachemys Scripta Elegans)"
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773:
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524:"Chemical Contamination of Green Turtle (Chelonia Mydas) Eggs in Peninsular Malaysia: Implications for Conservation and Public Health"
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734:"Large Living Just Got a Little Larger for This Sea Turtle; Raised in Aquariums, a Loggerhead Finally Heads to the Atlantic"
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975:"Owl Hatchlings Taken to Sapelo Island Sanctuary; the Rehabilitated Birds Were Then Released to Fend for Themselves"
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tadpoles may be able to swim for minutes as long as they do not bump into anything. The tadpole live from remaining
31:
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1004:
902:"Sexual Dimorphism of Brain Aromatase Activity in Medaka: Induction of a Female Phenotype by Estradiol"
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255:"Acidification Alters Fish Behavior: Higher Carbon Dioxide in Oceans May Affect Brain Chemistry"
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713:"Festival to Show off Georgia's Wild Side; Turtle Hatchling to Be on Display"
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292:"How neurons generate behavior in a hatchling amphibian tadpole: an outline"
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Crews, David; Rhen, Turk; Sakata, Jon T.; Willingham, Emily (April 2000).
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The
Development of Intersensory Perception: Comparative Perspectives
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The behavior of an amphibian hatchling, commonly referred to as a
112:-mass in the gut for a period, before it swims off to find food.
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101:
59:
47:
774:"Can We Teach Proactive Turtle Conservation in Our Classrooms?"
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Roberts, Alan; Wen-Chang Li; Steve R. Soffe (24 July 2010).
408:
Endangered
Animals: A Reference Guide to Conflicting Issues
345:. illustrated by L. Trueb. Johns Hopkins University Press.
670:
Tropical Forest
Ecology: A View from Barro Colorado Island
644:"And Incredible Bright: ... and Blotted out the Night Sky"
190:
The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
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Devenney, Darlynne A. (1993). Gerald
Turkewitz (ed.).
885:
Eight Little
Piggies: Reflections in Natural History
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Lickliter, Robert (1994). David J. Lewkowicz (ed.).
771:
Lee, David S.; Sellers, L. George (September 2012).
370:
Whispers in the Pines: A Naturalist in the
Northeast
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hatchlings are only able to swim for a few seconds,
93:, is controlled by a few thousand neurons. 99% of a
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626:Nature's Compass: The Mystery of Animal Navigation
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66:lay eggs, and their young are hatchlings as well.
900:Melo, Ana Clara; Ramsdell, John S. (March 2001).
404:Reading, Richard P.; Miller, Brian, eds. (2000).
192:(4th ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company. 2000.
203:Brouwer, Marius; Kuhl, Adam J. (April 2006).
8:
622:Gould, Carol Grant; Gould, James L. (2012).
851:. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p. 109.
522:Hodge, Mary; et al. (September 2009).
451:"Habitat Conservation Plan for Sea Turtles"
889:. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 258.
870:. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p. 73.
630:. Princeton University Press. p. 128.
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571:Chiu, Suzanne; et al. (March 2002).
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393:. Princeton University Press. p. 43.
317:
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283:
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756:Crocodile: Evolution's Greatest Survivor
374:. Rutgers University Press. p. 228.
26:
426:"Share the Beach: Teamwork for Turtles"
423:Hartman, Hailey B. (March–April 2003).
180:
710:Stepzinski, Teresa (October 2, 2003).
674:. Oxford University Press. p. 33.
389:The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs
7:
731:Landers, Mary (September 12, 2008).
341:Duellman, W. E.; Trueb, L. (1994).
252:Raloff, Janet (February 25, 2012).
25:
909:Environmental Health Perspectives
760:. Allen & Unwin. p. 196.
685:Stap, Don (February–March 2002).
579:Environmental Health Perspectives
528:Environmental Health Perspectives
479:Environmental Health Perspectives
209:Environmental Health Perspectives
666:Leigh Jr., Egbert Giles (1999).
972:Jackson, Gordon (May 7, 2010).
641:Haworth, Holly (Spring 2013).
412:. Greewood Press. p. 172.
1:
847:Developmental Time and Timing
448:Zattau, Dawn (January 1998).
818:. London: Granada. pp.
779:The American Biology Teacher
62:. A group of mammals called
881:Gould, Stephen Jay (1993).
456:Endangered Species Bulletin
1021:
82:
431:Endangered Species Update
385:Paul, Gregory S. (2010).
309:10.3389/fnbeh.2010.00016
980:The Florida Times Union
954:"Letters to the Editor"
812:Burton, Robert (1985).
791:10.1525/abt.2012.74.7.6
739:The Florida Times Union
718:The Florida Times Union
366:Burger, Joanna (2006).
272:10.1002/scin.5591810412
163:Bird hatchlings may be
32:Yellow-faced honeyeater
959:International Wildlife
296:Front. Behav. Neurosci
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752:Kelly, Lynne (2006).
720:. Brunswick, Georgia.
343:Biology of amphibians
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921:10.1289/ehp.01109257
649:Earth Island Journal
591:10.1289/ehp.02110269
491:10.1289/ehp.00108329
540:10.1289/ehp.0900813
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175:References
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79:Amphibians
64:monotremes
18:Hatchlings
266:(4): 14.
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820:186–187
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319:2903309
230:1440771
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132:The
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102:newt
70:Fish
60:bird
48:fish
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