225:
236:, and this makes them particularly vulnerable to outbreaks of disease. The outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in 2001 led to the destruction of many flocks, and to fears for the survival both of the breed and of the typical Lakeland sheep farming industry. Of the estimated 100,000 Herdwick sheep present before the outbreak, a full 25% were lost. They were not easily replaceable because long-standing herds are
177:
22:
103:
290:. More than the old drystone walls that quarter the fells, the packhorse bridges or the whitewashed farmsteads, the little grey Herdwick sheep typify the Lakeland. If they and their shepherds go, that is the end of the Lakeland where I have climbed, walked, skied and skated for nearly 80 years; of the Lakeland I have written about nearly all my life.
302:) their new sheep to the hills. Normally, ewes teach this behaviour to their lambs, but with no more ewes left acquainted with a particular heaf the behaviour had to be taught all over again to new ewes, inevitably involving much rounding up of flocks that had strayed over the often inaccessible fells. Unheafed sheep might also cause
63:
The wool of a
Herdwick has unique qualities relating to durability. Thick bristle type fibres will often protrude from garments made from the wool, forming a protective layer in blizzards—most likely the same qualities that protect the sheep in similar conditions. Herdwicks have been known to survive
184:
In the modern era, the main industry of the Lake
District has shifted from agriculture to tourism. The subsequent influx of tourists to the District has at times conflicted with traditional life, including the raising of Herdwicks. One Lake District farmer summed the problem up as, "We get 100,000
200:
a kilogram (which is about the weight of wool from a single sheep). Without direct monetary guarantees for wool prices from the
National Trust, it actually costs farmers a considerably larger amount of money to shear their Herdwicks than they would receive in compensation; the majority of farmers
167:
was involved with keeping and breeding
Herdwicks, even acting as president of the breed association for a time. Between 1930 and 1938 she won a number of prizes for Herdwick ewes at shows across Cumbria. Upon her death in 1943, she bequeathed fifteen farms—a total of approximately 4,000 acres
342:
and a coarse, grey wool. The slowly maturing breed is one of the most hardy of all the
British hill sheep breeds, withstanding the cold and relentless rain of the Lake District at heights upwards of 3,000 feet (about 1,000 metres). Most Herdwicks spend winter on the
306:
by wandering if they replaced the original
Herdwicks. The Cumbria Hill Sheep Initiative was set up to "reassess the position and circumstances" in the aftermath of the disease; tough government restrictions in order to prevent another outbreak are still in place.
355:), the same small area of fell. Due to the rough conditions on fells, lambing losses can be as high as 25%. This ability to thrive unassisted is part of the reason fell farmers so highly value Herdwicks over much higher-producing lowland breeds.
137:
For centuries, the husbandry of
Herdwick sheep has been a large factor in shaping the culture and terrain of the Lake District. Topographically, grazing by sheep continues to keep the hillsides of fells largely treeless, and the ubiquitous
60:, and their tendency to be territorial and not to stray over the difficult upland terrain of the Lake District. It is considered that up to 99% of all Herdwick sheep are commercially farmed in the central and western Lake District.
690:
79:, the breed has survived due to the intent to preserve this unique animal as a crucial part of traditional Lakeland agriculture. Still far fewer in number than most commercial breeds, Herdwicks survive largely due to
118:, "sheep pasture", is recorded in documents dating back to the 12th century. The origin of the breed itself is unknown, but the most common theory is that the ancestors of Herdwick sheep were introduced by early
286:, but the hardy Herdwick is the sheep most likely to be seen in and around the Duddon valley, the Coniston fells, the Buttermere fells and, through Borrowdale or Wasdale, up to the highest land in England, the
56:, meaning sheep pasture. Though low in lambing capacity and perceived wool quality when compared to more common commercial breeds, Herdwicks are prized for their robust health, their ability to live solely on
696:
2211:
1062:
710:
185:
visitors across our land every year... If just one in a thousand forgets to shut a gate or can't be bothered, that's a hundred times we have to go out and round up our sheep."
1090:
268:, who wished to save the hill sheep on their lands. Many Lake District residents saw the breed as an indispensable icon of the region. Longtime resident and writer for
776:
142:
of the valleys were built to protect grazing land and to confine livestock. Linguistically, many words of
Lakeland speech relate to sheep husbandry. The ancient
347:, from approximately December to April. They are normally left to graze freely on the hillsides (without any additional feed), but each ewe tends to stay in her
2206:
965:
201:
once burned their fleeces as waste products. The Trust now acts as a wool merchant itself, thus being able to bargain for better prices directly with the
745:
1083:
973:
609:
214:
375:
704:
670:
643:
425:) with dye. Rams are also ruddied when put out with the ewes to show which have been mated and the dye is also one method (called a
1405:
1076:
213:
farm subsidies. Lake
District farmers in particular receive subsidies for operating in a designated Less Favoured Area from the
323:
862:
511:
483:
202:
362:
wool. The wool is also an excellent natural insulator; it is possible to buy sheets of fireproofed wool to fit as loft
1485:
1410:
492:
319:
42:
725:
1420:
122:
settlers. According to this, it was brought to the region somewhere between the 10th and 11th centuries during the
977:
2064:
1800:
1028:
889:
1893:
786:
134:
ship, it appears that the
Herdwick was an important breed in the Lake District by the end of the 12th century.
836:
322:
and designed to bring the breed to the country for the first time. In 2013, Lakeland Herdwick meat received a
1878:
753:
550:
152:
405:
Herdwick lambs are born black and, after a year, they lighten to a dark brown colour (the sheep are called
1951:
1873:
1820:
1440:
413:
at this stage). After the first shearing, their fleece lightens further to grey. Rams are horned and ewes
68:
1734:
188:
In the late 20th century, the keeping of Herdwicks became economically unviable without outside support;
2216:
2029:
1966:
1701:
1575:
808:
429:) of marking sheep for ownership. Before chemical dyes became available, this dye was made from either
248:
rather than culling to preserve what is considered a part of the traditional identity of the fells and
168:(16 km) to the National Trust and, as per her instruction, all continue to graze Herdwick flocks.
629:
294:
The destruction of entire flocks meant that the shepherds were forced to undergo the process of again
1780:
1640:
1475:
1415:
1270:
80:
1946:
1868:
1655:
1645:
1425:
1310:
781:
363:
253:
218:
106:
Herdwick tups (rams) are often kept together in bachelor flocks when not let out to cover the ewes.
917:
583:
1790:
1650:
1605:
1540:
1331:
1326:
1211:
1201:
1156:
395:
46:
660:
481:; Photographs by Annie Griffths Belt (August 1994). "Beauty Besieged: England's Lake District".
2165:
2069:
2014:
1931:
1835:
1681:
1550:
1515:
1460:
1450:
1445:
1359:
1341:
700:
666:
639:
605:
279:
233:
2201:
2142:
2089:
2059:
1729:
1615:
1535:
1435:
1285:
1166:
1151:
414:
224:
2147:
2044:
2024:
2019:
1956:
1888:
1883:
1858:
1810:
1805:
1686:
1635:
1630:
1620:
1480:
1305:
1295:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1146:
894:
391:
387:
358:
A Herdwick's grey fleece is not easily dyed and is coarse, so it is best suited to use as
339:
144:
92:
942:
1068:
577:
2170:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2094:
2009:
1853:
1724:
1660:
1610:
1585:
1565:
1520:
1465:
1430:
1290:
1141:
1136:
327:
210:
164:
139:
131:
38:
209:. Most farmers survive through the sale of lambs, as well as both National Trust and
2195:
2137:
2112:
2049:
1941:
1775:
1696:
1676:
1625:
1545:
1455:
1336:
1244:
1206:
1161:
1103:
399:
265:
1020:
2054:
1825:
1815:
1590:
1570:
1510:
1280:
1249:
1221:
1191:
866:
813:
635:
383:
270:
261:
2132:
2079:
2039:
1785:
1691:
1580:
1555:
1530:
1505:
1495:
1490:
1364:
1265:
1186:
1128:
478:
367:
303:
283:
245:
189:
515:
437:
mixed with grease. For many years the legal method of identifying a particular
2084:
1961:
1936:
1845:
1716:
1706:
1595:
1351:
379:
318:
from Herdwick rams into the United States to begin a breeding programme using
176:
1830:
1795:
1470:
1275:
1196:
1099:
1059:—a national charity supporting the Herdwicks and other heritage sheep breeds
840:
730:
257:
206:
111:
50:
21:
232:
Ninety-five percent of all 50,000 or so Herdwicks live within 14 miles of
102:
2074:
1500:
1300:
438:
434:
430:
249:
148:
127:
119:
602:
The encyclopedia of historic and endangered livestock and poultry breeds
382:
banquet. Herdwick ewes also commonly produce desirable market lambs and
2001:
1989:
1600:
287:
72:
2034:
1116:
371:
359:
311:
237:
123:
57:
64:
under a blanket of snow for three days while eating their own wool.
2157:
1863:
1387:
417:. For shows and auctions, Herdwicks traditionally have their wool
344:
315:
223:
197:
175:
76:
34:
20:
999:
338:
Herdwicks are a dual-purpose breed, producing strongly flavoured
2104:
1916:
1560:
1051:
697:
National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty
554:
241:
193:
163:
In the later years of her life (over 50), the children's author
1987:
1914:
1755:
1385:
1114:
1072:
1757:
947:
749:
278:
There are other mountain sheep on the Lakeland fells, notably
1056:
217:. Those who agree to maintain their land in accordance with
180:
Herdwick lambs are born mostly black and lighten with age.
540:, Frances Lincoln Limited, 2009 (revised edition), p. 94
126:
invasions of western England. Although a piece of local
441:'s sheep were notches cut out of a sheep's ear, called
2212:
British products with protected designation of origin
865:. Herdwick Sheep Breeders Association. Archived from
726:"Butchers urged to sell meat from rare British sheep"
514:. Herdwick Sheep Breeders Association. Archived from
777:"Blair puts off use of vaccination in second U-turn"
244:
would have required extensive fencing. The call for
2156:
2103:
2000:
1844:
1768:
1715:
1669:
1398:
1350:
1319:
1258:
1220:
1127:
1065:The National Trust (archived from November 2011)
1052:The Herdwick Sheep Breeders' Association website
943:"Protected status for Lakeland Herdwick sheep"
1084:
623:
621:
221:practices also receive additional subsidies.
8:
1000:"Thermafleece: Sheep's Wool Home Insulation"
662:Beatrix Potter: At Home in the Lake District
374:has a very distinct taste, and was eaten at
67:Severely threatened by the 2001 outbreak of
130:once suggested that it came from a wrecked
1997:
1984:
1924:
1911:
1765:
1752:
1395:
1382:
1124:
1111:
1091:
1077:
1069:
918:"Herdwick Sheep: Sturdy & Scrumptious"
49:. The name "Herdwick" is derived from the
274:A. Harry Griffin expressed this feeling:
240:so the introduction of new stock to the
101:
809:"If they go, it is the end of Lakeland"
685:
683:
506:
504:
502:
453:
960:
958:
604:. Yale University Press. p. 124.
974:Lake District National Park Authority
551:"Herdwick Sheep Breeders Association"
7:
631:The Rough Guide to the Lake District
473:
471:
469:
467:
465:
463:
461:
459:
457:
2207:Sheep breeds originating in England
890:"Quite a show...even without sheep"
888:Jopson, Earnest (18 October 2007).
215:England Rural Development Programme
151:system for sheep is a survival of
14:
724:Elliot, Valerie (7 March 2009).
512:"Introduction to Herdwick Sheep"
445:marks—now replaced by ear tags.
970:Understanding the National Park
863:"Herdwick Sheep Breeders' News"
775:Jones, George (26 March 2001).
752:. 26 March 2001. Archived from
576:Ferguson, Richard Saul (1894).
324:Protected Designation of Origin
252:was led by parties such as the
746:"UK begins mass animal burial"
1:
692:The secret to farming carpets
600:Janet Vorwald Dohner (2001).
314:sheep farmer began importing
484:National Geographic Magazine
228:Herdwicks grazing in Cumbria
205:and operate a Herdwick wool
203:British Wool Marketing Board
1486:Devon and Cornwall Longwool
843:Foundation for Biodiversity
493:National Geographic Society
196:sometimes drop as low as a
2233:
1406:Badger Face Welsh Mountain
90:
2065:Old English Pheasant Fowl
1996:
1983:
1927:
1923:
1910:
1801:Gloucestershire Old Spots
1764:
1751:
1394:
1381:
1123:
1110:
1029:Oklahoma State University
579:A History of Westmoreland
1894:Yorkshire Blue and White
785:. London. Archived from
1879:Lincolnshire Curly Coat
1327:Chillingham Wild Cattle
1063:Supporting Hill Farming
817:. London. 11 April 2001
665:. Frances Lincoln Ltd.
538:A Walk Around the Lakes
386:by cross-breeding with
320:artificial insemination
1821:Oxford Sandy and Black
1441:Brecknock Hill Cheviot
659:Denyer, Susan (2004).
292:
229:
181:
107:
69:foot-and-mouth disease
26:
1576:North Country Cheviot
1411:Balwen Welsh Mountain
628:Brown, Jules (2002).
276:
227:
179:
114:of the breed's name,
105:
24:
1476:Derbyshire Gritstone
1421:Black Welsh Mountain
1416:Beulah Speckled Face
582:. E. Stock. p.
421:(the local term for
351:(the local term for
298:(the local term for
192:prices for Herdwick
1869:Irish Greyhound Pig
1656:Whitefaced Woodland
1426:Bluefaced Leicester
1311:Whitebred Shorthorn
1025:Breeds of Livestock
966:"Topic 2 – Farming"
789:on 19 November 2002
782:The Daily Telegraph
713:on 17 October 2007.
254:Duke of Westminster
219:sustainable farming
1874:Large White Ulster
1791:British Saddleback
1651:Whiteface Dartmoor
1606:Scottish Blackface
1541:Leicester Longwool
980:on 22 October 2007
869:on 5 February 2012
756:on 29 October 2007
557:on 28 October 2007
518:on 4 February 2012
376:Queen Elizabeth II
230:
182:
155:counting systems.
108:
47:North West England
27:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2015:Derbyshire Redcap
1979:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1952:British Primitive
1906:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1836:Wessex Saddleback
1747:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1682:Castlemilk Moorit
1516:Greyface Dartmoor
1446:British Milksheep
1377:
1376:
1373:
1372:
611:978-0-300-08880-9
234:Coniston, Cumbria
81:farming subsidies
2224:
2143:Silver Appleyard
2060:Old English Game
1998:
1985:
1925:
1912:
1781:British Landrace
1766:
1753:
1730:Scottish Dunface
1436:Border Leicester
1396:
1383:
1167:English Longhorn
1125:
1112:
1093:
1086:
1079:
1070:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1021:"Herdwick Sheep"
1017:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1006:
996:
990:
989:
987:
985:
976:. Archived from
962:
953:
952:
939:
933:
932:
930:
928:
913:
907:
906:
904:
902:
885:
879:
878:
876:
874:
859:
853:
852:
850:
848:
833:
827:
826:
824:
822:
805:
799:
798:
796:
794:
772:
766:
765:
763:
761:
742:
736:
735:
721:
715:
714:
709:. Archived from
687:
678:
676:
656:
650:
649:
625:
616:
615:
597:
591:
590:
573:
567:
566:
564:
562:
553:. Archived from
547:
541:
536:Davies, Hunter.
534:
528:
527:
525:
523:
508:
497:
496:
475:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2175:
2152:
2148:Welsh Harlequin
2099:
2045:Modern Langshan
1992:
1971:
1957:Golden Guernsey
1919:
1898:
1859:Dorset Gold Tip
1840:
1760:
1739:
1711:
1702:North Ronaldsay
1665:
1481:Devon Closewool
1390:
1369:
1346:
1315:
1254:
1235:Dairy Shorthorn
1216:
1147:Belted Galloway
1119:
1106:
1097:
1057:The Sheep Trust
1048:
1043:
1033:
1031:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1004:
1002:
998:
997:
993:
983:
981:
964:
963:
956:
941:
940:
936:
926:
924:
922:Sheep! magazine
915:
914:
910:
900:
898:
895:Whitehaven News
887:
886:
882:
872:
870:
861:
860:
856:
846:
844:
835:
834:
830:
820:
818:
807:
806:
802:
792:
790:
774:
773:
769:
759:
757:
744:
743:
739:
723:
722:
718:
707:
689:
688:
681:
673:
658:
657:
653:
646:
627:
626:
619:
612:
599:
598:
594:
588:Herdwick sheep.
575:
574:
570:
560:
558:
549:
548:
544:
535:
531:
521:
519:
510:
509:
500:
477:
476:
455:
451:
340:lamb and mutton
336:
334:Characteristics
174:
161:
145:Yan Tan Tethera
140:dry stone walls
100:
95:
93:Sheep husbandry
89:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2230:
2228:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2194:
2193:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2162:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2128:Khaki Campbell
2125:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2010:Croad Langshan
2006:
2004:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1947:British Alpine
1944:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1850:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1772:
1770:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1725:Devon Longwool
1721:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1661:Wiltshire Horn
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1641:Welsh Mountain
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1521:Hampshire Down
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1431:Border Cheviot
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1402:
1400:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1291:Old Gloucester
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1142:Beef Shorthorn
1139:
1137:Aberdeen Angus
1133:
1131:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1108:
1107:
1102:breeds of the
1098:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1047:
1046:External links
1044:
1042:
1041:
1012:
991:
954:
951:. 16 May 2013.
934:
908:
880:
854:
837:"Ark of Taste"
828:
800:
767:
737:
716:
705:
679:
671:
651:
644:
617:
610:
592:
568:
542:
529:
498:
452:
450:
447:
335:
332:
328:European Union
211:European Union
173:
172:Modern history
170:
165:Beatrix Potter
160:
159:Beatrix Potter
157:
132:Spanish Armada
99:
96:
88:
85:
41:native to the
39:domestic sheep
25:A Herdwick ewe
16:Breed of sheep
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2229:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2190:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2113:Abacot Ranger
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2050:Nankin Bantam
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1697:Manx Loaghtan
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1271:British White
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1104:British Isles
1101:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1001:
995:
992:
979:
975:
971:
967:
961:
959:
955:
950:
949:
944:
938:
935:
923:
919:
912:
909:
897:
896:
891:
884:
881:
868:
864:
858:
855:
842:
838:
832:
829:
816:
815:
810:
804:
801:
788:
784:
783:
778:
771:
768:
755:
751:
747:
741:
738:
733:
732:
727:
720:
717:
712:
708:
706:1-85828-894-0
702:
698:
694:
693:
686:
684:
680:
674:
672:0-7112-2381-5
668:
664:
663:
655:
652:
647:
645:1-85828-894-0
641:
637:
633:
632:
624:
622:
618:
613:
607:
603:
596:
593:
589:
585:
581:
580:
572:
569:
556:
552:
546:
543:
539:
533:
530:
517:
513:
507:
505:
503:
499:
494:
490:
486:
485:
480:
474:
472:
470:
468:
466:
464:
462:
460:
458:
454:
448:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
356:
354:
350:
346:
341:
333:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
305:
301:
297:
291:
289:
285:
281:
275:
273:
272:
267:
266:Lord Lonsdale
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
226:
222:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
199:
195:
191:
186:
178:
171:
169:
166:
158:
156:
154:
150:
147:
146:
141:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
104:
98:Early history
97:
94:
86:
84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
65:
61:
59:
55:
52:
48:
44:
43:Lake District
40:
36:
32:
23:
19:
2217:Sheep breeds
2189:
2055:Norfolk Grey
1932:Anglo-Nubian
1816:Middle White
1571:Norfolk Horn
1525:
1281:Irish Moiled
1259:Dual purpose
1222:Dairy cattle
1032:. Retrieved
1024:
1015:
1003:. Retrieved
994:
982:. Retrieved
978:the original
969:
946:
937:
925:. Retrieved
921:
911:
899:. Retrieved
893:
883:
871:. Retrieved
867:the original
857:
845:. Retrieved
831:
819:. Retrieved
814:The Guardian
812:
803:
791:. Retrieved
787:the original
780:
770:
758:. Retrieved
754:the original
740:
729:
719:
711:the original
691:
661:
654:
636:Rough Guides
630:
601:
595:
587:
578:
571:
559:. Retrieved
555:the original
545:
537:
532:
520:. Retrieved
516:the original
488:
482:
479:Bryson, Bill
442:
426:
422:
418:
410:
406:
404:
357:
352:
348:
337:
310:In 2008, an
309:
299:
295:
293:
277:
271:The Guardian
269:
262:Lord Barnard
231:
187:
183:
162:
143:
136:
115:
109:
66:
62:
53:
30:
28:
18:
2166:Brecon Buff
2080:Scots Dumpy
2040:Modern Game
2030:Indian Game
1889:Small White
1884:Small Black
1811:Large White
1806:Large Black
1786:British Lop
1735:South Devon
1646:Wensleydale
1581:Oxford Down
1531:Hill Radnor
1506:Exmoor Horn
1496:Dorset Horn
1491:Dorset Down
1461:Clun Forest
1365:Blue Albion
1332:Tory Island
1212:Welsh Black
1202:South Devon
1187:Lincoln Red
1129:Beef cattle
1034:6 September
916:King, Tim.
366:. Herdwick
304:overgrazing
284:Rough-Fells
246:vaccination
190:open market
2196:Categories
2085:Scots Grey
1854:Cumberland
1616:Shropshire
1596:Rough Fell
1536:Kerry Hill
1342:White Park
1005:31 October
984:1 November
927:7 November
901:31 October
873:31 October
847:31 October
821:2 November
793:31 October
760:31 October
561:31 October
522:31 October
449:References
419:ruddied up
396:Charollais
380:coronation
364:insulation
280:Swaledales
91:See also:
2123:Orpington
2118:Aylesbury
2070:Orpington
1776:Berkshire
1687:Hebridean
1670:Primitive
1636:Teeswater
1631:Swaledale
1621:Southdown
1551:Llanwenog
1471:Dalesbred
1451:Cambridge
1320:Primitive
1286:Glamorgan
1276:Droimeann
1197:Shorthorn
1152:Blue Grey
1100:Livestock
841:Slow Food
734:. London.
731:The Times
326:from the
258:Earl Peel
207:trademark
153:Brittonic
112:root word
51:Old Norse
2171:Shetland
2138:Shetland
2090:Sebright
2075:Rosecomb
2002:Chickens
1942:Bilberry
1826:Tamworth
1611:Shetland
1586:Portland
1526:Herdwick
1501:Easycare
1466:Cotswold
1360:Alderney
1306:Shetland
1301:Red Poll
1296:Pembroke
1240:Guernsey
1230:Ayrshire
1182:Highland
1177:Hereford
1172:Galloway
699:. 2002.
439:shepherd
435:graphite
431:iron ore
378:'s 1953
288:Scafells
149:counting
128:folklore
116:herdvyck
54:herdvyck
31:Herdwick
2202:Cumbria
2025:Ixworth
2020:Dorking
1990:Poultry
1846:Extinct
1717:Extinct
1677:Boreray
1626:Suffolk
1601:Ryeland
1546:Lincoln
1456:Cheviot
1352:Extinct
423:raddled
411:hoggets
402:sheep.
392:Cheviot
388:Suffolk
300:hefting
296:heafing
194:fleeces
87:History
73:England
2133:Magpie
2095:Sussex
2035:Legbar
1769:Extant
1591:Romney
1566:Masham
1511:Galway
1399:Extant
1337:Vaynol
1266:Albion
1245:Jersey
1207:Sussex
1162:Dexter
1117:Cattle
703:
677:p. 124
669:
642:
608:
415:polled
372:mutton
360:carpet
312:Oregon
238:hefted
124:Viking
58:forage
2158:Geese
2105:Ducks
1967:Pygmy
1962:Irish
1937:Bagot
1917:Goats
1864:Grice
1831:Welsh
1796:Essex
1692:Jacob
1556:Lleyn
1388:Sheep
1250:Kerry
1192:Luing
1157:Devon
491:(2).
407:hoggs
400:Texel
384:mules
345:fells
316:semen
250:moors
242:fells
198:penny
120:Norse
77:Wales
35:breed
33:is a
1758:Pigs
1707:Soay
1561:Lonk
1036:2016
1007:2007
986:2007
929:2008
903:2007
875:2007
849:2007
823:2007
795:2007
762:2007
701:ISBN
667:ISBN
640:ISBN
606:ISBN
563:2007
524:2007
427:smit
398:and
370:and
368:lamb
353:heft
349:heaf
282:and
264:and
110:The
75:and
29:The
948:BBC
750:CNN
584:290
489:182
443:lug
433:or
409:or
71:in
45:in
37:of
2198::
1027:.
1023:.
972:.
968:.
957:^
945:.
920:.
892:.
839:.
811:.
779:.
748:.
728:.
695:.
682:^
638:.
634:.
620:^
586:.
501:^
487:.
456:^
394:,
390:,
330:.
260:,
256:,
83:.
1092:e
1085:t
1078:v
1038:.
1009:.
988:.
931:.
905:.
877:.
851:.
825:.
797:.
764:.
675:.
648:.
614:.
565:.
526:.
495:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
