33:
334:, colonizing nonliving heartwood or living roots. Numerous tree species have been identified as hosts, but evergreen trees such as pine are most commonly affected. Heterobasidion root disease and butt rot are a serious issues to forest health due to tree mortality, decreased lumber volume and quality, and lessened
702:
Olson A, Aerts A, Asiegbu F, Belbahri L, Bouzid O, Broberg A, CanbÀck B, Coutinho PM, Cullen D, Dalman K, Deflorio G, van Diepen LT, Dunand C, Duplessis S, Durling M, Gonthier P, Grimwood J, Fossdal CG, Hansson D, Henrissat B, Hietala A, Himmelstrand K, Hoffmeister D, Högberg N, James TY, Karlsson M,
703:
Kohler A, KĂŒes U, Lee YH, Lin YC, Lind M, Lindquist E, Lombard V, Lucas S, LundĂ©n K, Morin E, Murat C, Park J, Raffaello T, RouzĂ© P, Salamov A, Schmutz J, Solheim H, StĂ„hlberg J, VĂ©lĂ«z H, de Vries RP, Wiebenga A, Woodward S, Yakovlev I, Garbelotto M, Martin F, Grigoriev IV, Stenlid J (2012).
288:
fruiting bodies that release spores from pores. Mating studies in the late twentieth century and genetic studies in the early twenty-first century have led to description of several new species and replacement of some of the original names. As a result, two former
426:
complex is now considered to comprise six distinct species based on results of morphological studies, intersterility trials, and genetis. Mating tests have identified four inter-sterility groups: N, T, Y, and Z. The seven species are
410:
species present in
Eastern Asia and India. These are primarily saprotrophic decay fungi that are rarely pathogenic. These fungi are found on stumps and logs of are evergreen forest tree species including pines, firs,
284:. Species in this genus include tree decay fungi that may be pathogenic and cause deterioration of tree health including mortality. Fungi in the genus produce shelf-like
1088:
322:
is a collection of the several species that cause
Heterobasidion root disease and butt rot of forest trees and occasionally those in landscape plantings across the
468:
is a saprotrophic decay fungi found in
Australia, Oceania, and may be present in Indochina. While not considered pathogenic it can help decay logs and stumps of
1127:
997:
1198:
338:. This group of species include some of the most intensively studied forest tree pathogens, becoming the first basidiomycete forest pathogen to have its
1062:
352:, and geographic range. Sexual mating tests have identified three inter-sterility groups: P, S, and F, named after their chief hosts (
543:
747:
Capretti, P.; Korhonen, K.; Mugnai, L.; Romagnoli, C. (1990). "An intersterility group of
Heterobasidion annosum specialized to
1203:
1114:
704:
1193:
251:
227:
1132:
778:
Dai, Y.C.; Vainio, E.J.; Hantula, J.; Niemelae, T.; Korhonen, K. (2002). "Sexuality and intersterility within the
215:
188:
245:
239:
221:
200:
182:
170:
257:
233:
164:
301:
206:
194:
492:
There are three isolates that have been proposed as new species but further description may be necessary.
950:
339:
295:
176:
32:
809:
Dai, Y.C.; Yu, C.J.; Wang, H.C. (April 2007). "Polypores from eastern Xizang (Tibet), western China".
705:"Insight into tradeâoff between wood decay and parasitism from the genome of a fungal forest pathogen"
1142:
1023:
349:
335:
126:
1054:
1188:
988:
323:
818:
148:
47:
1150:
1093:
1010:
931:
729:
684:
599:
549:
539:
1165:
1155:
392:, are distinct from each other and the European species within their inter-sterility groups.
896:
853:
791:
760:
719:
674:
666:
635:
591:
915:
281:
106:
670:
1049:
871:
Tokuda, S.; Hattori, T.; Dai, Y. C.; Ota, Y.; Buchanan, P.K. (2009). "Three species of
764:
82:
415:, and spruces. Some species of this fungal complex can be easily differentiated from
1182:
1002:
724:
277:
70:
1015:
331:
327:
135:
595:
1119:
1075:
982:
900:
857:
795:
639:
419:
sensu lato due to the red coloration on the top surface of the fruiting body.
319:
94:
973:
935:
348:
sensu lato includes five species, which differ in host preference, genetics,
1036:
653:
Garbelotto, M.; Gonthier, P. (2013). "Biology, epidemiology, and control of
622:
Chen, J.J.; Korhonen, K.; Li, W.; Dai, Y.C. (2014). "Two new species of the
553:
476:
733:
688:
603:
384:(S-type). Genetic analysis have demonstrated the North American species,
1101:
967:
285:
822:
1067:
679:
470:
1080:
412:
357:
1106:
944:
1041:
273:
58:
305:, are now recognized to each comprise multiple distinct species.
481:
353:
948:
1028:
361:
538:. MetsÀntutkimuslaitoksen julkaisuja. Vol. 94.
957:
626:complex based on morphology and molecular data".
565:
563:
526:
524:
8:
578:nom. nov.: A disposition of North American
945:
617:
615:
613:
20:
723:
678:
570:Otrosina, W.J.; Garbelotto, M. (2010). "
520:
422:Once considered a single species, the
7:
1143:a5033be7-bf02-431c-be68-b35b1625bc5b
753:European Journal of Forest Pathology
671:10.1146/annurev-phyto-082712-102225
1199:Taxa named by Julius Oscar Brefeld
840:, a new polypore derived from the
765:10.1111/j.1439-0329.1990.tb01134.x
14:
836:Dai, Y.C.; Korhonen, K. (2009). "
920:(Polyporaceae) from Australasia"
725:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04128.x
31:
659:Annual Review of Phytopathology
1:
875:(Basidiomycota, Hericiales),
503:Heterobasidion rutilantiforme
596:10.1016/j.mycres.2009.09.001
1220:
887:sp. nov. from East Asia".
572:Heterobasidion occidentale
509:Heterobasidion arbitrarium
901:10.1007/S10267-008-0476-7
858:10.1007/S10267-009-0491-3
796:10.1017/S0953756202006950
640:10.1016/j.myc.2013.11.002
576:Heterobasidion irregulare
533:Intersterility groups of
497:Heterobasidion pahangense
466:Heterobasidion araucariae
460:Heterobasidion araucariae
364:). The five species are
161:
156:
141:
134:
48:Scientific classification
46:
39:
30:
23:
811:Annales Botanici Fennici
406:complex comprises seven
372:sensu stricto (P-type),
914:Buchanan, P.K. (1988).
842:Heterobasidion insulare
838:Heterobasidion australe
780:Heterobasidion insulare
624:Heterobasidion insulare
397:Heterobasidion insulare
1204:Taxa described in 1888
655:Heterobasidion species
535:Heterobasidion annosum
346:Heterobasidion annosum
326:. These fungi can be
317:Heterobasidion annosum
310:Heterobasidion annosum
143:Heterobasidion annosum
41:Heterobasidion annosum
582:biological species".
531:Korhonen, K. (1978).
784:Mycological Research
336:carbon sequestration
390:H. occidentale
378:H. occidentale
324:Northern Hemisphere
916:"A new species of
505:(Murrill) Stalpers
449:H. amyloideum
441:H. linzhiense
433:H. ecrustosum
386:H. irregulare
382:H. parviporum
374:H. irregulare
1194:Russulales genera
1176:
1175:
1151:Open Tree of Life
951:Taxon identifiers
453:H. tibeticum
429:H. orientale
280:in the family of
265:
264:
252:H. rutilantiforme
1211:
1169:
1168:
1159:
1158:
1146:
1145:
1136:
1135:
1123:
1122:
1120:NHMSYS0001484064
1110:
1109:
1097:
1096:
1084:
1083:
1071:
1070:
1058:
1057:
1045:
1044:
1032:
1031:
1019:
1018:
1006:
1005:
993:
992:
991:
978:
977:
976:
946:
940:
939:
911:
905:
904:
868:
862:
861:
833:
827:
826:
806:
800:
799:
775:
769:
768:
744:
738:
737:
727:
709:
699:
693:
692:
682:
650:
644:
643:
619:
608:
607:
567:
558:
557:
528:
445:H. australe
437:H. insulare
340:genome sequenced
302:H. insulare
35:
21:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1164:
1162:
1154:
1149:
1141:
1139:
1131:
1126:
1118:
1113:
1105:
1100:
1092:
1087:
1079:
1074:
1066:
1061:
1053:
1048:
1040:
1035:
1027:
1022:
1014:
1009:
1001:
996:
987:
986:
981:
972:
971:
966:
953:
943:
913:
912:
908:
870:
869:
865:
835:
834:
830:
808:
807:
803:
790:(12): 1435â48.
777:
776:
772:
746:
745:
741:
712:New Phytologist
707:
701:
700:
696:
652:
651:
647:
621:
620:
611:
569:
568:
561:
546:
530:
529:
522:
518:
490:
463:
417:H. annosum
400:
370:H. annosum
314:
296:H. annosum
282:Bondarzewiaceae
255:
249:
243:
237:
231:
225:
219:
213:
204:
198:
192:
186:
180:
174:
168:
152:
145:
130:
124:
123:
109:
107:Bondarzewiaceae
97:
85:
73:
61:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1217:
1215:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1181:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1160:
1147:
1137:
1124:
1111:
1098:
1085:
1072:
1059:
1046:
1033:
1020:
1007:
994:
989:Heterobasidion
979:
963:
961:
959:Heterobasidion
955:
954:
949:
942:
941:
918:Heterobasidion
906:
895:(3): 190â202.
873:Heterobasidion
863:
828:
817:(2): 135â145.
801:
770:
759:(4): 231â240.
739:
718:(4): 1001â13.
694:
645:
634:(4): 289â298.
609:
584:Fungal Biology
580:Heterobasidion
559:
545:978-9514003653
544:
519:
517:
514:
513:
512:
506:
500:
489:
486:
462:
457:
408:Heterobasidion
399:
394:
380:(S-type), and
313:
307:
291:Heterobasidion
278:basidiomycetes
269:Heterobasidion
263:
262:
228:H. occidentale
189:H. arbitrarium
159:
158:
154:
153:
151:) Bref. (1888)
146:
139:
138:
132:
131:
125:
120:Heterobasidion
117:
115:
111:
110:
105:
103:
99:
98:
93:
91:
87:
86:
83:Agaricomycetes
81:
79:
75:
74:
69:
67:
63:
62:
57:
55:
51:
50:
44:
43:
37:
36:
28:
27:
25:Heterobasidion
16:Genus of fungi
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1216:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1167:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
999:
995:
990:
984:
980:
975:
969:
965:
964:
962:
960:
956:
952:
947:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
919:
910:
907:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
885:H. ecrustosum
883:sp. nov. and
882:
878:
877:H. parviporum
874:
867:
864:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
832:
829:
824:
820:
816:
812:
805:
802:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
774:
771:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
743:
740:
735:
731:
726:
721:
717:
713:
706:
698:
695:
690:
686:
681:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
649:
646:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
618:
616:
614:
610:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
574:sp. nov. and
573:
566:
564:
560:
555:
551:
547:
541:
537:
534:
527:
525:
521:
515:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
494:
493:
488:Other Species
487:
485:
483:
479:
478:
473:
472:
467:
461:
458:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
425:
420:
418:
414:
409:
405:
398:
395:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
318:
311:
308:
306:
304:
303:
298:
297:
292:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
270:
261:
260:
259:
254:
253:
248:
247:
246:H. parviporum
242:
241:
240:H. pahangense
236:
235:
230:
229:
224:
223:
222:H. linzhiense
218:
217:
216:H. irregulare
212:
209:
208:
203:
202:
201:H. ecrustosum
197:
196:
191:
190:
185:
184:
183:H. araucariae
179:
178:
173:
172:
171:H. amyloideum
167:
166:
160:
155:
150:
144:
140:
137:
133:
128:
122:
121:
116:
113:
112:
108:
104:
101:
100:
96:
92:
89:
88:
84:
80:
77:
76:
72:
71:Basidiomycota
68:
65:
64:
60:
56:
53:
52:
49:
45:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
958:
927:
923:
917:
909:
892:
888:
884:
881:H. orientale
880:
876:
872:
866:
852:(5): 353â6.
849:
845:
841:
837:
831:
814:
810:
804:
787:
783:
779:
773:
756:
752:
748:
742:
715:
711:
697:
662:
658:
657:worldwide".
654:
648:
631:
627:
623:
590:(1): 16â25.
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
536:
532:
508:
502:
496:
491:
475:
469:
465:
464:
459:
452:
448:
444:
440:
439:sensu typi,
436:
432:
428:
423:
421:
416:
407:
403:
401:
396:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
366:H. abietinum
365:
345:
344:
332:necrotrophic
328:saprotrophic
316:
315:
309:
300:
294:
290:
268:
267:
266:
258:H. tibeticum
256:
250:
244:
238:
234:H. orientale
232:
226:
220:
214:
210:
205:
199:
193:
187:
181:
175:
169:
165:H. abietinum
163:
162:
142:
136:Type species
119:
118:
40:
24:
18:
1076:iNaturalist
983:Wikispecies
930:: 325â337.
889:Mycoscience
846:Mycoscience
680:2318/141097
628:Mycoscience
424:H. insulare
404:H. insulare
207:H. insulare
195:H. australe
1189:Russulales
1183:Categories
844:complex".
782:complex".
749:Abies alba
516:References
455:(Z-type).
435:(T-type),
431:(N-type),
376:(P-type),
368:(F-type),
350:morphology
320:sensu lato
312:sensu lato
286:polyporous
211:sensu typi
177:H. annosum
95:Russulales
66:Division:
936:0093-4666
924:Mycotaxon
665:: 39â59.
484:species.
477:Araucaria
342:in 2012.
293:species,
54:Kingdom:
1102:MycoBank
1050:Fungorum
1003:60015496
998:AusFungi
968:Wikidata
823:23727602
734:22463738
689:23642002
604:20965057
554:58493872
157:Species
102:Family:
1166:4859565
1156:1072057
1094:1044504
1068:2546367
974:Q621148
471:Agathis
114:Genus:
90:Order:
78:Class:
1163:uBio:
1140:NZOR:
1081:194493
1042:1HETEG
934:
821:
732:
687:
602:
552:
542:
511:Corner
499:Corner
480:, and
413:cedars
360:, and
358:spruce
129:(1888)
1133:13562
1107:17745
1089:IRMNG
1055:17745
1029:18918
1016:636S7
819:JSTOR
708:(PDF)
274:genus
272:is a
127:Bref.
59:Fungi
1128:NCBI
1063:GBIF
1037:EPPO
932:ISSN
730:PMID
685:PMID
600:PMID
550:OCLC
540:ISBN
482:Pine
402:The
388:and
354:pine
299:and
1115:NBN
1024:EoL
1011:CoL
897:doi
854:doi
792:doi
788:106
761:doi
751:".
720:doi
716:194
675:hdl
667:doi
636:doi
592:doi
588:114
362:fir
330:or
276:of
149:Fr.
1185::
1153::
1130::
1117::
1104::
1091::
1078::
1065::
1052::
1039::
1026::
1013::
1000::
985::
970::
928:32
926:.
922:.
893:50
891:.
879:,
850:50
848:.
815:44
813:.
786:.
757:20
755:.
728:.
714:.
710:.
683:.
673:.
663:51
661:.
632:55
630:.
612:^
598:.
586:.
562:^
548:.
523:^
474:,
451:,
447:,
443:,
356:,
938:.
903:.
899::
860:.
856::
825:.
798:.
794::
767:.
763::
736:.
722::
691:.
677::
669::
642:.
638::
606:.
594::
556:.
147:(
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