1954:
1943:
961:
Hillebrandt, A.v.; Krystyn, L.; Kürschner, W.M.; Bonis, N.R.; Ruhl, M.; Richoz, S.; Schobben, M. A. N.; Urlichs, M.; Bown, P.R.; Kment, K.; McRoberts, C.A.; Simms, M.; Tomãsových, A (September 2013). "The Global
Stratotype Sections and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Jurassic System at Kuhjoch
1323:
1123:
Notices géologiques et paléontologiques sur les Alpes
Vaudoises, et les régions environnantes. I. Infralias et Zone à Avicula contorta (Étage Rhaetien) des Alpes Vaudoises
1316:
1181:
510:
460:
445:
1048:
1309:
919:
1153:
1174:
1079:
1332:
499:
1110:
597:
677:
1987:
1167:
1147:
587:
1982:
1605:
1600:
769:
971:
562:
818:
814:
734:
853:. The top of the Hettangian Stage (the base of the Sinemurian) is at the first appearances of ammonite
727:
544:
976:
1977:
1936:
846:
838:
1142:
738:
1953:
1117:
944:
787:
1734:
1698:
1275:
1044:
392:
842:
1828:
1703:
1672:
1469:
1012:
981:
768:, which has an upper Rhaetian to Sinemurian age. Another example is the lower Lias from the
659:
321:
1797:
1693:
1631:
1526:
1495:
1464:
1208:
1083:
1017:
985:
803:
791:
303:
1947:
1766:
1636:
1531:
1500:
1203:
1001:"Global Stratotype Section and Point for base of the Sinemurian Stage (Lower Jurassic)"
671:
294:
1971:
1667:
1657:
1626:
1589:
1521:
1490:
1233:
1213:
1000:
864:
723:
663:
534:
350:
312:
285:
61:
1958:
1942:
1889:
1739:
1662:
1280:
890:
881:
399:
1156:, at the website of Norges Network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy
1884:
1753:
1729:
1574:
1369:
760:
In
European stratigraphy the Hettangian is a part of the time span in which the
36:
813:
The base of the
Hettangian Stage (which is also the base of the Lower Jurassic
1879:
1839:
1782:
1682:
1579:
1453:
1353:
1301:
1228:
1150:, at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS
1076:
906:
858:
829:
799:
761:
754:
648:
642:
570:
413:
343:
276:
81:
46:
692:
679:
612:
599:
1894:
1844:
1818:
1777:
1724:
1569:
1545:
1426:
1416:
1405:
1285:
1264:
1259:
898:
774:
765:
583:
406:
385:
378:
86:
821:) is defined as the place in the stratigraphic column where fossils of the
786:
The
Hettangian was introduced in the literature by Swiss palaeontologist,
1854:
1849:
1813:
1713:
1646:
1615:
1510:
1479:
1440:
1390:
1364:
1340:
1254:
1249:
1238:
1190:
822:
750:
746:
731:
566:
371:
364:
357:
329:
266:
254:
244:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
1868:
1808:
1558:
1395:
1379:
877:
850:
667:
591:
91:
66:
1904:
1787:
1421:
795:
745:
and 199.3 ± 0.3 Ma (million years ago). The
Hettangian follows the
1159:
962:(Karwendel Mountains, Northern Calcareous Alps, Tyrol, Austria)".
854:
825:
742:
1928:
1924:
1920:
834:
807:
30:
1305:
1163:
114:
1043:. Edinburgh, Scotland: Dorling Kindersley. pp. 44–45.
1125:
Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des
Sciences Naturelles
772:
where well-preserved but very rare ammonites, including
837:) for the base was defined 2010 for an exposure of the
1903:
1867:
1827:
1796:
1765:
1752:
1712:
1681:
1645:
1614:
1588:
1557:
1544:
1509:
1478:
1452:
1439:
1404:
1378:
1352:
1339:
708:
655:
636:
628:
578:
558:
550:
540:
530:
525:
517:
505:
495:
490:
482:
477:
107:
21:
1063:For a detailed geologic timescale, see Gradstein
1317:
1175:
459:Subdivision of the Jurassic according to the
8:
1099:Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.
833:first appear. A global reference profile (a
950:. International Commission on Stratigraphy.
466:Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago.
1762:
1554:
1449:
1349:
1324:
1310:
1302:
1199:
1182:
1168:
1160:
1154:Stratigraphic chart of the Lower Jurassic
1016:
975:
945:"International Chronostratigraphic Chart"
790:, in 1864. The stage takes its name from
764:was deposited. An example is the British
741:. It spans the time between 201.3 ± 0.2
999:Bloos, Gert; Page, Kevin (March 2002).
936:
876:The Hettangian contains three ammonite
18:
7:
435:
1923:= kiloannum (thousands years ago);
1927:= megaannum (millions years ago);
920:Triassic-Jurassic extinction event
446:Triassic–Jurassic extinction event
14:
1931:= gigaannum (billions years ago).
1952:
1941:
798:, just south of the border with
1018:10.18814/epiiugs/2002/v25i1/003
986:10.18814/epiiugs/2013/v36i3/001
753:Period) and is followed by the
16:First age of the Early Jurassic
1:
1370:Pleistocene (11.7 ka–2.58 Ma)
1143:GeoWhen Database - Hettangian
1333:Geological history of Earth
1039:Benton, Michael J. (2012).
571:Psiloceras spelae tirolicum
2004:
1606:Mississippian (323–359 Ma)
1601:Pennsylvanian (299–323 Ma)
1365:Holocene (present–11.7 ka)
1111:Cambridge University Press
1107:A Geologic Time Scale 2004
794:, a town in north-eastern
29:201.4 ± 0.2 – 199.5 ± 0.3
1918:
1890:Paleoarchean (3.2–3.6 Ga)
1740:Terreneuvian (521–539 Ma)
1197:
782:Stratigraphic definitions
637:Upper boundary definition
559:Lower boundary definition
456:
112:
26:
1885:Mesoarchean (2.8–3.2 Ga)
1730:Miaolingian (497–509 Ma)
1575:Guadalupian (260–272 Ma)
1427:Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Ma)
1417:Oligocene (23.0–33.9 Ma)
1148:Lower Jurassic timescale
817:and the entire Jurassic
588:Northern Calcareous Alps
1880:Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga)
1845:Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga)
1840:Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga)
1783:Cryogenian (635–720 Ma)
1673:Llandovery (433–444 Ma)
1580:Cisuralian (272–299 Ma)
1391:Pliocene (2.59–5.33 Ma)
770:Northern Limestone Alps
230:−145 —
220:−150 —
210:−155 —
200:−160 —
190:−165 —
180:−170 —
170:−175 —
160:−180 —
150:−185 —
140:−190 —
130:−195 —
120:−200 —
1850:Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga)
1819:Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Ga)
1778:Ediacaran (539–635 Ma)
1725:Furongian (485–497 Ma)
1570:Lopingian (252–260 Ma)
1396:Miocene (5.33–23.0 Ma)
802:on the main road from
643:Vermiceras quantoxense
640:FAD of the Ammonites
1855:Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga)
1814:Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Ga)
1735:Series 2 (509–521 Ma)
1422:Eocene (33.9–56.0 Ma)
891:Schlotheimia angulata
1895:Eoarchean (3.6–4 Ga)
1788:Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga)
1668:Wenlock (427–433 Ma)
1658:Pridoli (419–423 Ma)
1204:Lower/Early Jurassic
907:Psiloceras planorbis
1950: •
1939: •
1937:Geologic time scale
1699:Middle (458–470 Ma)
1663:Ludlow (423–427 Ma)
1632:Middle (383–393 Ma)
1527:Middle (237–247 Ma)
1496:Middle (164–174 Ma)
1214:Upper/Late Jurassic
847:Karwendel Mountains
839:Kendlbach Formation
778:, have been found.
709:Upper GSSP ratified
689: /
656:Upper boundary GSSP
629:Lower GSSP ratified
613:47.4839°N 11.5306°E
609: /
584:Karwendel mountains
579:Lower boundary GSSP
551:Time span formality
1948:Geology portal
1809:Stenian (1–1.2 Ga)
1704:Early (470–485 Ma)
1637:Early (393–419 Ma)
1532:Early (247–252 Ma)
1501:Early (174–201 Ma)
1470:Early (100–145 Ma)
1465:Late (66.0–100 Ma)
1082:2012-11-15 at the
899:Alsatites liasicus
739:geologic timescale
693:51.1909°N 3.2364°W
649:Vermiceras palmeri
541:Stratigraphic unit
531:Chronological unit
518:Time scale(s) used
1965:
1964:
1863:
1862:
1829:Paleoproterozoic
1748:
1747:
1694:Late (444–458 Ma)
1627:Late (359–383 Ma)
1540:
1539:
1522:Late (201–237 Ma)
1491:Late (145–164 Ma)
1435:
1434:
1356:(present–2.58 Ma)
1344:(present–66.0 Ma)
1299:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1129:, p. 39-97.
1050:978-0-7566-9910-9
716:
715:
582:Kuhjoch section,
491:Usage information
472:
471:
452:
451:
1995:
1959:World portal
1957:
1956:
1946:
1945:
1908:
1872:
1832:
1801:
1798:Mesoproterozoic
1770:
1763:
1758:
1717:
1686:
1650:
1619:
1593:
1562:
1555:
1550:
1514:
1483:
1457:
1450:
1445:
1409:
1383:
1357:
1350:
1345:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1303:
1200:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1161:
1132:
1120:
1100:
1086:
1074:
1068:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1041:Prehistoric Life
1036:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1020:
996:
990:
989:
979:
958:
952:
951:
949:
941:
722:is the earliest
704:
703:
701:
700:
699:
698:51.1909; -3.2364
694:
690:
687:
686:
685:
682:
660:East Quantoxhead
624:
623:
621:
620:
619:
618:47.4839; 11.5306
614:
610:
607:
606:
605:
602:
441:
436:
324:
315:
306:
297:
288:
269:
257:
247:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
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176:
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166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
115:
103:
33:
19:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1988:Geological ages
1968:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1951:
1940:
1932:
1914:
1906:
1899:
1870:
1859:
1830:
1823:
1799:
1792:
1768:
1767:Neoproterozoic
1757:(539 Ma–2.5 Ga)
1756:
1755:
1754:Proterozoic Eon
1744:
1715:
1708:
1684:
1677:
1648:
1641:
1617:
1610:
1591:
1584:
1560:
1548:
1547:
1536:
1512:
1505:
1481:
1474:
1455:
1443:
1442:
1431:
1407:
1400:
1381:
1374:
1355:
1343:
1342:
1335:
1330:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1269:
1243:
1209:Middle Jurassic
1193:
1191:Jurassic Period
1188:
1139:
1130:
1116:
1098:
1095:
1090:
1089:
1084:Wayback Machine
1075:
1071:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1023:
1021:
998:
997:
993:
977:10.1.1.736.9905
960:
959:
955:
947:
943:
942:
938:
933:
928:
916:
874:
872:Biostratigraphy
845:section in the
804:Luxembourg City
792:Hettange-Grande
788:Eugène Renevier
784:
697:
695:
691:
688:
683:
680:
678:
676:
675:
674:
617:
615:
611:
608:
603:
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596:
595:
594:
473:
468:
467:
465:
448:
439:
432:
431:
427:
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417:
416:
410:
409:
403:
402:
396:
395:
389:
388:
382:
381:
375:
374:
368:
367:
361:
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354:
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346:
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308:
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302:
299:
298:
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272:
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243:
237:
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229:
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209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
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184:
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179:
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174:
172:
169:
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89:
84:
79:
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69:
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54:
49:
44:
39:
28:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2001:
1999:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1983:Early Jurassic
1980:
1970:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
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1860:
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1857:
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1836:
1834:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1811:
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1803:
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1790:
1785:
1780:
1774:
1772:
1760:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1721:
1719:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1688:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1670:
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1660:
1654:
1652:
1643:
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1640:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1623:
1621:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1597:
1595:
1590:Carboniferous
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1564:
1552:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1518:
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1506:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1493:
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1461:
1459:
1447:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1408:(23.0–66.0 Ma)
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1387:
1385:
1382:(2.58–23.0 Ma)
1376:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1359:
1347:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1306:
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1187:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1138:
1137:External links
1135:
1134:
1133:
1114:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1087:
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1049:
1031:
991:
970:(3): 162–198.
953:
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902:
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521:ICS Time Scale
519:
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507:
506:Regional usage
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502:
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496:Celestial body
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483:Name formality
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109:
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80:
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65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
35:
34:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2000:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1960:
1955:
1949:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1911:
1909:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1866:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1795:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:(539 Ma–1 Ga)
1764:
1761:
1759:
1751:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
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1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1546:Paleozoic Era
1543:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:(66.0–145 Ma)
1451:
1448:
1446:
1444:(66.0–252 Ma)
1438:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1338:
1334:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1234:Pliensbachian
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1052:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1032:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
995:
992:
987:
983:
978:
973:
969:
965:
957:
954:
946:
940:
937:
930:
925:
921:
918:
917:
913:
909:
908:
903:
901:
900:
895:
893:
892:
887:
886:
885:
883:
882:Tethys domain
879:
871:
869:
867:
866:
865:Metophioceras
861:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
831:
827:
824:
820:
816:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
781:
779:
777:
776:
771:
767:
763:
758:
756:
752:
749:(part of the
748:
744:
740:
736:
733:
729:
725:
721:
711:
707:
702:
673:
669:
665:
664:West Somerset
661:
658:
654:
651:
650:
645:
644:
639:
635:
631:
627:
622:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
572:
568:
564:
561:
557:
553:
549:
546:
543:
539:
536:
533:
529:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
501:
498:
494:
489:
485:
481:
476:
464:
463:, as of 2022.
462:
455:
447:
443:
438:
437:
434:
415:
408:
401:
394:
387:
380:
373:
366:
359:
352:
351:Pliensbachian
345:
338:
331:
323:
314:
305:
296:
287:
279:
278:
270:
268:
259:
258:
248:
246:
239:
117:
116:
111:
106:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
32:
25:
20:
1933:
1869:Archean Eon
1831:(1.6–2.5 Ga)
1716:(485–539 Ma)
1685:(444–485 Ma)
1649:(419–444 Ma)
1618:(359–419 Ma)
1592:(299–359 Ma)
1561:(252–299 Ma)
1549:(252–539 Ma)
1513:(201–252 Ma)
1482:(145–201 Ma)
1441:Mesozoic Era
1341:Cenozoic Era
1281:Kimmeridgian
1223:
1126:
1122:
1118:Renevier, E.
1106:
1102:
1072:
1064:
1059:
1040:
1034:
1022:. Retrieved
1011:(1): 22–28.
1008:
1004:
994:
967:
963:
956:
939:
905:
897:
889:
875:
863:
857:
828:
812:
785:
773:
759:
719:
717:
647:
641:
569:
458:
400:Kimmeridgian
336:
275:
264:
253:
242:
1905:Hadean Eon
1683:Ordovician
1454:Cretaceous
1354:Quaternary
1131:(in French)
1024:23 December
849:of western
726:and lowest
696: /
616: /
1978:Hettangian
1972:Categories
1907:(4–4.6 Ga)
1871:(2.5–4 Ga)
1800:(1–1.6 Ga)
1406:Paleogene
1229:Sinemurian
1224:Hettangian
1093:Literature
1077:GSSP Table
926:References
859:Vermiceras
830:Psiloceras
800:Luxembourg
755:Sinemurian
720:Hettangian
681:51°11′27″N
604:11°31′50″E
601:47°29′02″N
526:Definition
414:Berriasian
344:Sinemurian
337:Hettangian
108:Chronology
22:Hettangian
1934:See also:
1714:Cambrian
1647:Silurian
1616:Devonian
1511:Triassic
1480:Jurassic
1286:Tithonian
1276:Oxfordian
1265:Callovian
1260:Bathonian
972:CiteSeerX
775:Alsatites
766:Blue Lias
684:3°14′11″W
478:Etymology
407:Tithonian
393:Oxfordian
386:Callovian
379:Bathonian
1559:Permian
1380:Neogene
1255:Bajocian
1250:Aalenian
1239:Toarcian
1080:Archived
1005:Episodes
964:Episodes
914:See also
904:zone of
896:zone of
888:zone of
878:biozones
823:ammonite
751:Triassic
747:Rhaetian
732:Jurassic
567:Ammonite
509:Global (
372:Bajocian
365:Aalenian
358:Toarcian
330:Rhaetian
267:Jurassic
245:Mesozoic
880:in the
851:Austria
843:Kuhjoch
841:at the
737:of the
730:of the
668:England
592:Austria
565:of the
440:←
235:–
225:–
215:–
205:–
195:–
185:–
175:–
165:–
155:–
145:–
135:–
125:–
98:↓
1913:
1067:(2004)
1065:et al.
1047:
974:
855:genera
819:System
815:Series
796:France
735:Period
554:Formal
486:Formal
430:
425:
420:
304:Middle
948:(PDF)
931:Notes
826:genus
728:stage
545:Stage
500:Earth
295:Early
1103:2004
1045:ISBN
1026:2020
862:and
835:GSSP
808:Metz
762:Lias
718:The
712:2000
646:and
632:2010
313:Late
37:PreꞒ
1013:doi
982:doi
806:to
724:age
563:FAD
535:Age
511:ICS
461:ICS
1974::
1929:Ga
1925:Ma
1921:ka
1121::
1109:,
1105::
1101:;
1009:25
1007:.
1003:.
980:.
968:36
966:.
884::
868:.
810:.
757:.
743:Ma
672:UK
670:,
666:,
662:,
590:,
586:,
322:EK
286:LT
87:Pg
31:Ma
1325:e
1318:t
1311:v
1183:e
1176:t
1169:v
1127:8
1113:.
1053:.
1028:.
1015::
988:.
984::
574:.
513:)
277:K
256:T
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:Ꞓ
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