347:), a native of Aeclanum, was not only himself faithful to the Roman cause, but raised an auxiliary legion among his countrymen to support the Roman generals in Campania. The Hirpini were undoubtedly admitted to the Roman franchise after the war, and their national existence ended. They appear to have suffered less than their neighbours, the Samnites, from the ravages of the war, but considerable portions of their territory were confiscated, and it would seem, from a passage in
25:
377:
257:
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292:
follows with scrupulous fidelity) under the general name of
Samnites, without distinguishing between the several tribes of that people. For the same reason we can't fix the exact period when the Romans subjugated them, but it must have been before 268 BC, when the Romans established their colony at
388:
The national characteristics of the
Hirpini cannot be separated from those of other Samnites. It is not always easy to separate the confines of the Hirpini from those of neighbouring Samnite tribes, especially in the Imperial period, when the original distinctions of the tribes were mostly
494:
relocated in the heart of this mountain region by the Romans in 180 BC. It continued to exist as a separate community in the days of Pliny. Three of the minor towns of the
Hirpini were mentioned by Livy as having been retaken by the praetor M. Valerius in 215 BC; but the names given in the
343:, one of their strongest cities. The blow struck such terror into the rest that they offered submission, and were admitted to favourable terms. Even before this there appears to have been a party in the nation favorable to Rome, as Minatius Magius (the ancestor of the historian
288:), are repeatedly mentioned as bearing an important part in the military operations of both powers. Hence, the Hirpini at this time must have formed an integral part of the Samnite league, and were included by the Roman annalists (whose language on such points
443:
Beneventum was the most important city in this part of Italy, and was often referred to as a
Samnite town. Pliny called it the only Roman colony in Hirpini territory. Aeclanum was a flourishing and important town close to the heart of the Hirpini territory.
358:, the Hirpini were separated from the other Samnites, and placed in the second Region along with Apulia and Calabria, while Samnium itself was included in the fourth Region. The same separation was retained also in the later divisions of Italy under the
300:, the Hirpini appear as an independent people, acting apart from the rest of the Samnites. Livy expressly uses the name of Samnium in contradistinction to the land of the Hirpini. The latter people was one of those that declared in favour of
69:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
495:
manuscripts, Vescellium, Vercellium, and
Sicilinum, are probably corrupted. They are otherwise unknown, except for Vescellium, which is also found in Pliny's list of towns and should be placed in the far north, on the way to
389:
obliterated. Pliny's list of towns in the second region of Italy is more than usually obscure, and those of the
Hirpini and Apulia confused in a most perplexing manner. Towns assigned with certainty to the Hirpini include:
247:
peoples in the south of Italy, from the north, but when this migration occurred is unknown. From their position in the vastnesses of the central
Apennines, they were probably there long before they first appear in history.
362:, according to which Samnium, in the more confined sense, formed a small separate province, while Beneventum and the greater part, if not all other towns of the Hirpini, were included in the province of Campania. The
242:
In accordance with this derivation, their first ancestors were supposedly guided to their new settlements by a wolf. This tradition implies that the
Hirpini were regarded as having migrated, like the other
328:. It was not until 209 BC, when Hannibal lost all footing in the center of Italy, that the Hirpini submitted to Rome, and gained favourable terms by betraying the Carthaginian garrisons in their towns.
515:
in a manner that shows its fame to have been widely spread through Italy. It is remarkable as the only trace of volcanic action remaining in the central chain of the
Apennines along with nearby
268:
The early history of the
Hirpini cannot be separated from that of the Samnites in general. Their name does not once occur in history during the long protracted struggle between the
499:. Fratulum, whose name is found only in Ptolemy, is equally uncertain, although the author set it in the South, at the same latitude of Compsa and the same longitude of Aquilonia.
171:, while the plains on each side, and the lower ranges that bounded them, belonged to their more fortunate neighbors. The mountain basin formed by the three tributaries of the
55:
321:
147:. While generally regarded as having been Samnites, sometimes they are treated as a distinct and independent nation. They inhabited the southern portion of
167:
towards the west. No marked natural boundary separated them from these neighboring nations, but they occupied the lofty masses and groups of the central
72:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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80:
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The country of the Hirpini, despite its rugged, mountainous character, was traversed by several Roman roads, all of which connected to the
625:). The course of these roads through Hirpini land has been traced with care by Mommsen. Other notable Roman roads in the territory were
368:
includes all the towns of Samnium, as well as those of the Hirpini, among the "Civitates Campaniae", but this is probably a mistake.
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207:, surrounded on all sides by lofty and rugged ranges of mountains—is the center and heart of their territory. They occupied the
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93:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing Italian Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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general. As early as the following year, three of the smaller towns of the Hirpini were recovered by the Roman praetor
335:(90 BC), when they were among the first to take up arms against Rome. In the campaign of the following year, (89 BC),
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The most remarkable natural curiosity in the land of the Hirpini was the valley and lake, or rather pool, of
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456:) was near the head waters of the River Aufidus (Ofanto), and bordered with Lucania. Aquilonia (modern
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La romanisation du Samnium aux IIe et Ier s. av. J.-C.: Actes du Colloque International (Naples 1988)
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276:), though their territory was often the theatre of the war, and several of their cities, especially
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In the valley of the River Tamarus, which was mentioned as being 5 miles above Beneventum in the
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Beneventum, a position that likely was the military key to the possession of their country.
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to the north, while its more southern portion comprised the upper valley of the
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was on the border with Campania, and near the sources of the River Sabatus.
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577:). This was the proper Via Appia. The other branch, known from the time of
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351:, that a large part of it passed into the hands of wealthy Roman nobles.
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1077: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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519:, an extinct volcano located on the eastern shore of the Ofanto River.
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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E. T. Salmon (1989). "The Hirpini: "ex Italia semper aliquid novi"".
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Map of ancient Hirpini's territory at the southeastern corner of
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316:. In 214 BC, their territory was the scene of the operations of
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236:
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Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 3.11.6; Lib. Col. p. 235
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Their name derives, according to ancient writers, from
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a machine-translated version of the Italian article.
988:. Jean Centre Bérard Publisher. 2020. p. 62.
264:; white lines show the possible tribal boundaries.
155:from their name—a mountainous region bordering on
585:went from Beneventum through Forum Novum (modern
581:(who first made it safe for carriages) as the
87:accompanying your translation by providing an
49:Click for important translation instructions.
36:expand this article with text translated from
8:
405:proper, as distinguished from the Hirpini),
239:') and meant 'those who belong to the wolf'.
133:
331:The Hirpini next figure in history in the
924:Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 3.11.16
203:), which, with their valleys, unite near
1089:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
667:
1106:
1095:
973:Pliny the Elder, Natural History, l.50
933:Livy. The History of Rome, 40.38, 41.
7:
915:Livy xxii. 13; Ptolemy iii. 1. § 67.
14:
1014:, Ptolemy, The Geography, 3.1.71.
272:and the Samnite confederacy (the
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951:Livy, The History of Rome, 23.37
401:consider it as belonging to the
23:
1057:Bullettino dell' Inst. Archeol.
354:By the division of Italy under
1133:New International Encyclopedia
715:"Ethnozoonymes indo-européens"
488:Ligures Baebiani et Corneliani
97:You may also add the template
1:
902:pp. 159,205, 206; Marquardt,
719:Dialogues d'Histoire Ancienne
605:in Apulia, and then through
322:Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus
904:Handb. d. Röm. Alterthümer.
110:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
1172:
1010:
885:iii. 11. s. 16, 12. s. 17.
61:Machine translation, like
812:xxiv. 14-16, xxv. 13, 14.
776:Livy xxii. 13, xxiii. 43.
38:the corresponding article
894:Lib. Col. pp. 229--239;
380:Ruins of the Roman town
252:Affiliations and history
99:{{Translated|it|Irpini}}
1053:Topografia degli Irpini
649:Via Aemilia in Hirpinis
638:Via Aurelia Aeclanensis
108:For more guidance, see
1092:. London: John Murray.
484:Itinerary of Antoninus
385:
304:immediately after the
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159:towards the south, on
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16:Ancient Samnitic tribe
731:10.3406/dha.1991.1932
379:
259:
81:copyright attribution
906:vol. iii pp. 62, 63.
866:August Wilhelm Zumpt
521:Bolle della Malvizza
163:to the east, and on
1086:, ed. (1854–1857).
847:Velleius Paterculus
788:xxii. 61, xxiii. 1.
765:Velleius Paterculus
503:Volcanic structures
743:Strabo v. p. 250;
386:
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143:tribe of Southern
139:) were an ancient
89:interlanguage link
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1098:cite encyclopedia
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587:Buonalbergo
583:Via Trajana
543:mud volcano
535: [
524: [
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314:M. Valerius
1145:Categories
1067:References
1027:vii. 563.)
1011:Φρατούολον
837:i. 39, 51.
800:xxiii. 37.
619:Brundusium
470:Vescellium
431:Vescellium
391:Beneventum
333:Social War
282:Maleventum
205:Beneventum
157:Basilicata
40:in Italian
1055:, in the
1043:, p. 191.
1041:Volcanoes
725:(2): 17.
555:Via Appia
545:instead.
530:, in the
509:Amsanctus
492:Ligurians
458:Lacedonia
446:Abellinum
419:Aquilonia
411:Abellinum
286:Benevento
284:, modern
278:Maloenton
245:Sabellian
173:Vulturnus
169:Apennines
103:talk page
872:p. 258.)
864:iii. 2;
750:xi. 785.
713:(1991).
623:Brindisi
621:(modern
613:(modern
611:Canusium
607:Herdonea
573:(modern
571:Tarentum
565:(modern
559:Aeclanum
462:Trivicum
452:(modern
423:Trivicum
407:Aeclanum
403:Samnites
382:Aeclanum
356:Augustus
345:Velleius
341:Aeclanum
320:against
302:Hannibal
215:(modern
199:(modern
191:(modern
183:(modern
177:Volturno
175:(modern
165:Campania
79:provide
1136:. 1905.
1081::
1023:Virgil
1008:Greek:
962:ad loc.
896:Mommsen
849:ii. 16.
745:Servius
697:1088459
677:Phoenix
575:Taranto
563:Venusia
541:, is a
497:Luceria
399:Ptolemy
296:In the
280:(Roman
262:Samnium
213:Aufidus
197:Sabatus
195:), and
185:Tammaro
181:Tamarus
153:Irpinia
149:Samnium
141:Samnite
135:Hirpini
125:Hirpini
101:to the
83:in the
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859:Cicero
831:Appian
767:i. 14.
695:
579:Trajan
567:Venosa
513:Virgil
450:Compsa
429:, and
415:Compsa
349:Cicero
270:Romans
229:hirpus
217:Ofanto
201:Sabato
193:Calore
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1156:Socii
763:xv.;
761:Epit.
759:Livy
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603:Aecae
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609:and
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