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indistinguishable from âHoltâ, an older German word for wood. In old title deeds the name also appears as âHoldungenâ, which suggests the name could also derive from âHaulungenâ, meaning âpasture in a clearing on sloping groundâ. This interpretation infers that
Holungen was designated as a âWaldsiedlungâ (settlement in a forest). Villages whose names end in â-ungenâ were all founded in an earlier settlement period. Therefore, is it possible that Holungen's founding could date back as far as the initial colonisation of modern Germany by Germanic peoples. It could have existed as far back as 531, the Second Settlement Period (all placenames ending in â-ungenâ), when the
931:, many evacuees arrived, and so in 1945 the population exceeded a thousand for the first time, reaching 1,092 residents. In 1947, the population reached 1,332, which still stands as the highest-ever number today. After this time the total population decreased again slowly. In 1964, there were 1,080 people in 315 families. The number of extended families decreased ever more quickly. In 1978, the population was again below a thousand, rising above this again in 1983. In the Reunification year of 1990, it lay at 948, thereafter fluctuating around 1,000. In 2001 the number was 991, and at the start of 2003 only 978.
816:(Weihbischof) Dr. Augustinus Gockel. One year later, the registry office was moved from Bischofferode to Holungen. In 1895, the road to Bischofferode was built, with Holungen receiving support from the Landesbauinspektion (roughly State Construction Inspectorate) at MĂźhlhausen. In 1896, Holungen received a new church organ. One year later, the church tower was hit by lightning, and repairs were still under way when the new church bell was installed, the old bell having cracked during ringing. In 1899, the Holunger Gesangsverein, a singing association, was created. 1908 saw opening of Potash Shaft 1 at the
792:, the KriegsgedenkmĂźnze (War Service Medal) and other service decorations. Many Kriegskameradschaften (veteransâ groups) were formed, and later joined by a Kriegerverein (veteransâ association). In Holungen, support for Kaiser Wilhelm was very high. This was due in large part to the fact that a Holunger (Josef Hildebrandt), was the Kaiser's driver from 1861â1888. At this time, Holungen had approximately 650 inhabitants, two nursery gardens, one Hirtenhaus (lit. shepherd's house), one school, one local pub (Am. inn) and one fire pond. It covered roughly 98 acres / 40 hectares (196 Ăcker).
808:) and âhad it given back afterwardsâ (uncertain literal translation of âund lieĂen es sich hinterher zurĂźckgebenâ from German original), as a result of which the total area of farmland was reduced. In 1906, it became apparent that roughly 90 acres / 36 hectares (180 Ăcker) of Holungen, which were actually registered in the land registry, were missing. In 1925, the land was recorded twice, one for the forest treasury and the other for the municipality of WeiĂenborn. Holungen objected, but without any success.
532:("clustered village"; denotes an irregular, unplanned and quite closely packed village, built around a central square). To the south lie the Sonder and the Ohmberg with the âWilde Kircheâ (Wild Church). The Hohenkammer lies to the west, where the Segeltal valley separates it from the Sonder. To the north, the 486-metre-high Sonnenstein rises above the village. In addition, the Graseforst is found there. The course of the Bode runs along the valley floor to the east. There is also a large spoil heap from
902:âRĂźstungsindustriestufe SSâ (âArmaments Industry â SS levelâ). It was the only mine delivering 98 to 99% by weight potassium chloride at the highest purity grade. These salts were used to produce explosives and other compounds important for the war effort. In 1977, the potassium salt was granted the âK1 price supplementâ due to its consistent quality, receiving the âQâ quality mark two years later. From 1985 onwards the mine was the sole supplier of car seat position adjusters for the
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638:, he died shortly afterwards, and after his death fighting broke out over the order of succession for the title Landgrave of Thuringia, during which Holungen was devastated. Many inhabitants fled to Duderstadt. Some evidence for this comes from deeds dating to 1266 and 1299. The documents of 1266 also give us the first mention of Holungen, under the name âHaldrungenâ. Between 1350 and 1370, the village was rebuilt again and belonged to the county of
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767:, Holungen was only minimally affected. In September 1855, the king visited many places in the district. During the wars of independence, the Eichsfeld had suffered much, leading to crop failures and widespread illness. Holungen received money from the king for the reconstruction of several burned-down houses. On 2 February 1861, King
1085:. Here, too, past youth teams have had some success (District Champions, District Cup Winners, District Indoor Football Champions). Thanks to several year groups being under-represented in the village, Holungen is currently arranging Spielgemeinschaften (joint teams) with other villages (JSG Bodetal:
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took his place. In the same year, the shooting club was formed, and the
Chaussee (main road) was extended over the Graseforst. The Holungers were dissatisfied with this extension, since they had supported a different route, one which would have been more favourable for the area but had been dropped.
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which extended several kilometres into the GDR, was intended to catch people trying to escape across the border to the West before they reached the actual border fences. Tourists were not permitted entry. Only those who lived in the zone or were visiting relatives in the zone, and had the necessary
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On 11 April the
American advance reached Holungen, the German troops having fled the previous day. When the news of the American approach became known, the mayor and the parish vicar went out to meet the approaching troops. As the first vehicles neared them, the two men went up to the Americans and
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In June 1890, a Church-building
Society was founded in Holungen, and one year later the building of the church began. The stones were supplied from the nearby quarry at Wehnberg. A teacher from Holungen began rehearsals of stageplays with the young people from the village and put on performances in
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In 1864 the
Holungen Shooting Club was founded, although after the two World Wars a refounding wasn't permitted. In spite of this, Holungen still has its shooting range. A similar situation holds for the amateur dramatics group, which had been known throughout the region â despite putting on a few
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American troop movements continued through the area until 18 April, with the tank columns taking the first three days to pass through. The inhabitants could only use the main street between noon and 1 p.m. each day, and all the streets in the village were torn up by tank tracks. On 4 July 1945,
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was appointed out as the school inspector. Holungen received a second teacher and a new school was built. In March 1871 land plots on all the farmland were remeasured. Due to the differing altitudes it was possible that there were differences in the measurements, but in 232 cases the permissible
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and a march to Berlin) under the slogan âBischofferode ist Ăźberallâ (âBischofferode is everywhereâ). Mining was of great importance for the neighbouring villages and created over 1,000 jobs. The economy of the region was slow to recover from this shock. Even though the mine was better-known in
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found it difficult to get a foothold in the area. Nevertheless, the GDR controlled everything. The situation was made worse by the proximity of
Holungen to the Grenzsperrgebiet, the closed military exclusion zone that ran along the East German side of the border with the West. The neighbouring
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In
Holungen after the âWendeâ (Reunification), several streets were renovated. Many households got a telephone connection, mains gas, etc. In 1995 the second Eichfeld âTrachtenfestâ (festival at which traditional costume is worn) was celebrated in Holungen. This festival resulted in various
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In the GDR period, the potash mine, now known as the âThomas MĂźntzerâ mine, was the largest employer in the region. From 1955 to 1961 the number of employees rose from 25 to nearly 300. Even in 1939, the mine had been the main potash source for the German war effort and was considered to be
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units, bringing the parish into the war zone. At around 11 oâclock on the night of 9th to 10 April combat erupted. Flak cannon fired at enemy aircraft during a three-hour period, although there were fairly long pauses during that time. Both the inhabitants and buildings of
Holungen remained
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The research into the origin of the name traces it back to antiquity. Evidence for the origin comes mostly from documents in the Gerode
Monastery. The name âHolungenâ is said to derive from the German word âHoldâ (= a gentle benevolent goddess or woman). However, in speech, this word is
847:. Holungen remained entirely untouched by enemy air attacks. Several inhabitants had to pay fines for not fully blacking out their windows. In spring 1945, German troops were being pushed back, and on 14 March Holungen found itself billeting many soldiers from both
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In
February 1865, this led to a big court case, which the Holungers lost. The Chaussee led from Worbis over the Sonnenstein to Gerode and was half-an-hour further away than the old road, which almost completely cut Holungen off from long-distance traffic.
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lasted only for four years and ten weeks, up to the years 1806 and 1807, when Prussia was nearly completely destroyed. In addition, half of its constituent states, as well as its status as a great power, were taken from it. In 1806, Prussia lost the
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The Sports Association has had some success at faustball, the women's team having been GDR Champions twice, although faustball is no longer played in Holungen. The men's football team plays in ThĂźringen 2. Kreisklassen (Kreis Eichsfeld), Staffel 1
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came into effect. Young men had to serve in the French army. During this period, many troops marched through Eichsfeld and settled in Holungen. After the struggle for liberty, Eichsfeld was returned to Prussia. âOrderedâ laws were created, and
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and fought against Prussia. Many inhabitants of Holungen were involved in these wars or were enlisted with the âKurmainzischen Husarencorpsâ (Hussar Corps of the Electorate of Mainz). Thus even today there are still some Holungen surnames in
843:, among other places. In total, 47 men from Holungen died during the Second World War. The village itself only felt the effects of the war just before its end. An aerial mine was dropped nearby, and several aircraft shot down by the
906:. The mine also produced skylights and artificial fertiliser. In 1993, the mining company was closed. The closing of mine shafts resulted in nationwide attention for the potash miners, who took part in a lot of industrial action (
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According to documents found in the monastery at Gerode, Holungen was founded between 531 and 800. In the following centuries, there was much armed conflict near the village and in the surrounding area. In 933,
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received their own city and regional courts. Holungen was assigned to the judicial office (Gerichtsamt) at Gerode. At that time Holungen had 650 inhabitants. In 1841, Holungen received its first
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asked them to spare Holungen. They explained that there were no more German soldiers left in the village, and that Holungen would offer no resistance. The inhabitants had hoisted a
927:, the number of inhabitants rose slowly. After the war, the increase continued as many people sought refuge in Holungen. From 1925 to 1940 the population declined. During the
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and in 1431, it became by exchange the monastery village of the monastery at Gerode. In 1525, Holungen was destroyed during the course of the
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832:, 160 Holungers were conscripted. 36 men did not return home. A memorial was erected in their memory in the church under the tower.
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took possession of the two Eichsfeld districts, including Holungen. Frederick William III fled with his wife and the princes to
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In 1900, Holungen numbered 671 people in 104 households. Each household had, on average, 5 to 7 people. Up to the start of the
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permits, could enter, making life additionally difficult for the many Holungers with friends and relatives living in the zone.
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arrived and reached Holungen, and in 1626, much devastation was caused by the army of Duke Christian of Brunswick. In 1701,
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Russian soldiers arrived in Holungen, the village lying only 10 km (6.2 mi) from the border with the British
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in large parts of Europe, violence in the district of Worbis was widespread, leading to the formation of BĂźrgerwehren (
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for a map of the zones). On 20 August the majority of the Russian troops withdrew and only a small garrison remained.
679:. In 1802, Eichsfeld was finally annexed to Prussia. This took place on 3 August, the birthday of the King of Prussia
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703:. The French required masses of supplies, which the Holungers had to furnish. In 1807, Eichsfeld became part of the
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did the same at the Lechfelde, bringing peace to the area. Between 1118 and 1120 the Gerode Monastery was founded.
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difference was exceeded. In 100 cases it amounted to even twice the limit. The owners gave the land over to the
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neighbouring villages to support the construction of the church. On 20 June 1893, Holungen was consecrated by
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improvements to the village, for example the square around the pond and the fire station was redesigned.
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mining and symbolising the environment. Over many decades, mining was of enormous economic importance.
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conquered Thuringia. Later on, the northern part of Eichsfeld, including Holungen, belonged to the
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villages of Brehme and JĂźtzenbach were located within this zone. This zone, part of a complex
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Thanks to the strongly held Catholic faith in the Eichsfeld, particularly in Holungen, the
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became a kingdom, but Eichsfeld and Holungen remained subordinate to the Electorate of
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connection with Bischofferode, a large part of the operation was located in Holungen.
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came to Worbis district in 1850. Most deaths occurred in neighbouring
1083:(Thuringia 2nd District classification (Eichsfeld district), group 1)
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died, bringing conflict back to the area. From 1236 to 1247, he was
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The largest associations in Holungen are the Male Singersâ Society
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439:, Germany. Since 1 December 2011, it is part of the municipality
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469:, a hill very close to the town. On the upper left quarter, the
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A school project from Regelschule Bischofferode about Holungen.
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at the bottom of the Bode valley, about 35 km from the
1019:(1856â1907) poet of the âEichsfelder Sangâ and other works.
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is formed from crystalline rocks, made of minerals such as
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mining, which is nearly as big as the adjacent mountains.
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is a village and a former municipality in the district of
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634:. Although his forces defeated Conrad's at the battle of
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performances after Reunification, it eventually folded.
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Gebietsänderungen vom 01. Januar bis 31. Dezember 2011
1077:). Several traditions date back to the 19th century.
839:, men from Holungen fought in Poland, France and the
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Young people from Holungen about their home village.
1067:Thomas MĂźntzer Potash Association of Bischofferode
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1025:(1843â1903) gave names to minor planets including
695:, with the result that, in December that year,
795:On 1 April 1876, rector Friedrich Polak from
121:Ortschaft of Sonnenstein in Thuringia, Germany
999:Source: Thuringia State Office for Statistics
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1063:Thomas-MĂźntzer-Kaliverein Bischofferode e.V.
728:has been held every Sunday and Saint's Day.
563:of rocks forms sandy soil from quartz, and
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884:East Germany, Reunificiation and the mines
739:militia groups), under the control of the
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626:. In 1246 he was elected counter-king to
502:) runs through Holungen. Residents speak
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
864:with a red cross atop the church tower.
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755:. One year later the setting up of the
597:river. Twenty-two years later, his son
518:Holungen is located at the foot of the
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731:In 1848, the year of many attempted
47:adding citations to reliable sources
333:6.79 km (2.62 sq mi)
1166:Former municipalities in Thuringia
824:Holungen during the two World Wars
654:The period until the German Empire
614:(territorial lord) of part of the
604:In 1247, the Thuringian landgrave
571:from potash/feldspar-based rocks.
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784:The years 1870 and 1871 saw the
622:. He was also brother-in-law to
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1069:) and the Sports Association
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16:Village in Thuringia, Germany
1057:) the Local History Society
618:of Tu-der-stede, modern-day
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1089:Valley Youth Joint Team).
1059:Dr. Hermann Iseke Holungen
539:Holungen lies 350 m above
341:350 m (1,150 ft)
804:(roughly, the process of
711:. On 1 January 1808 the
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693:Battle of Jena-Auerstedt
1114:Statistisches Bundesamt
1075:Holungen Blue-and-White
510:speak standard German.
362:130/km (340/sq mi)
1171:Sonnenstein, Thuringia
939:Changes in population
771:died, and his brother
475:Archbishopric of Mainz
705:Kingdom of Westphalia
681:Frederick William III
385: ⢠Summer (
265:51.49083°N 10.39333°E
236:Show map of Thuringia
1049:), the Church Choir
802:Separationsverfahren
769:Frederick William IV
707:with its capital at
648:German Peasants' War
624:Elisabeth of Hungary
443:, of which it is an
359: ⢠Density
169:Location of Holungen
43:improve this article
1144:Info about Holungen
786:Franco-Prussian War
672:Frederick the Great
261: /
204:Show map of Germany
1071:Blau-WeiĂ Holungen
485:Origin of the name
351: ⢠Total
330: ⢠Total
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1037:Associations
1023:Anton Thraen
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967:1998 â 1,002
960:1997 â 1,005
954:1995 â 1,017
951:1994 â 1,004
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41:Please help
36:verification
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856:undamaged.
733:revolutions
467:Sonnenstein
441:Sonnenstein
319:Sonnenstein
309:Eichsfeld
268: /
142:Sonnenstein
1160:Categories
1097:References
1055:St Cecilia
989:2004 â 949
986:2003 â 969
983:2002 â 978
976:2001 â 991
973:2000 â 998
970:1999 â 990
957:1996 â 997
919:Population
862:white flag
797:Nordhausen
790:Iron Cross
765:WeiĂenborn
620:Duderstadt
611:Landesherr
529:Haufendorf
504:Low German
346:Population
256:10°23â˛36âłE
253:51°29â˛27âłN
229:Holungen
197:Holungen
129:Holungen
69:newspapers
58:"Holungen"
1043:Einigkeit
845:Luftwaffe
773:William I
737:vigilante
686:Prussian
630:, son of
628:Conrad IV
589:beat the
541:sea level
520:Ohm Hills
451:GĂśttingen
446:Ortschaft
437:Thuringia
433:Eichsfeld
394:UTC+02:00
373:UTC+01:00
368:Time zone
338:Elevation
297:Thuringia
138:Ortschaft
904:Wartburg
853:Infantry
697:Napoleon
644:Honstein
553:feldspar
514:Location
500:isogloss
429:Holungen
304:District
835:In the
761:Cholera
664:Prussia
595:Unstrut
593:at the
591:Magyars
587:Henry I
575:History
561:erosion
461:On the
285:Germany
281:Country
83:scholar
1061:, the
1005:People
753:rifles
749:sabres
722:Kaplan
718:Worbis
709:Kassel
677:Vienna
559:. The
549:quartz
534:potash
496:Saxons
492:Franks
479:potash
422:036077
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1047:Unity
872:(see
745:pikes
741:mayor
701:Memel
668:Mainz
640:Lohra
636:Nidda
616:march
411:37345
292:State
90:JSTOR
76:books
1087:Bode
1029:and
874:this
851:and
849:Flak
751:and
726:Mass
688:rule
658:The
569:loam
567:and
565:clay
557:mica
555:and
545:soil
524:Harz
398:CEST
325:Area
62:news
890:SED
878:GDR
435:in
387:DST
377:CET
354:891
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