163:
495:. Also in the post-war period an automated casting machine was installed in 1948, two new blast furnaces activated in 1958 and 1961, and a mill for steel rod and wire production was commissioned in 1964. The sixth blast furnace began operation in 1967, and a second oxy-steel plant in 1968. In 1969 a block mill capable of handling 45-tonne blocks, and another hot strip mill with a capacity of over 3.5 million tonnes a year were opened.
80:
459:
554:. The dismantling work was carried out by a Chinese contractor which was found to be paying its 120 Chinese workers less than the Dutch minimum wage, with poor safety conditions, with 14 accidents resulting in 2 fatalities due to falls from height. The Chinese contractor was fined for breaches of safety practice, and made to improve working conditions, as well as retrospectively paying its workers 15,000 guilders.
426:) at the IJmuiden site in the late 1930s; a plate mill began production in 1938, followed by a strip and profile mill in 1939. As built it was outdated, using second-hand equipment. The mill was built to supply the Van Leer company's own steel needs, and not as an independent commercial concern. In 1941, under the Nazi occupation during World War II, Van Leer's Jewish owner
403:(Open Hearth) process was begun. The first 60-ton capacity open hearth furnace opened 19 March 1939, additional furnaces were added during the 1940s and early 1950s, and the capacity of the furnaces increased - by 1956 the plant had six furnaces, each of 190-ton capacity. Construction of the plant's first rolling mill (
723:
for over £500 million; Corus's
British division was making a loss at this time and the sale was seen by Dutch interests as being used to prop up the loss-making British interests with no backward investment in the European mainland side of the business. The board of Corus Netherlands vetoed the sale.
490:
During the 1950s and 1960 the facilities were extended; the plants first oxy-steel converted was put into operation in 1958, a second cold rolling line was added in 1961, electrolytic galvanising machines were added in 1958, 1962, and 1967, and hot rolling capacity had increased to 1.6 million tonnes
341:
By 1924 the first blast furnace, casting hall, coke plant, and an electricity generating plant powered by waste gases from the coke ovens and blast furnaces were ready, and the second of two blast furnaces, begun in 1919, became operational in 1926. Both blast furnaces were constructed to a design by
531:
After the demerger from Hoesch the company required restructuring and investment: the company was producing too much raw steel with not enough semi-finished product manufacturing capacity. This led to the installation of a continuous casting, hot rolling, and steel coating lines of the next decade.
498:
Labour relations at the plant were usually good; during the first two decades of the enterprise's existence the organisational structure was relatively simple, with limited hierarchies, and there were limited attempts at a benevolent social policy by the plant's management. Psychological testing of
603:
Because
British Steel had been the significantly larger of the two companies in both workforce and market capitalisation, some observers characterised the merger as being more akin to a takeover of Hoogovens by British Steel. Analysts noted that expanding its market share in Europe by means of the
503:
was slowly introduced after 1938. In the post-war period foreign workers from Italy, Spain, Turkey, Yugoslavia and
Morocco began to be employed at the plant, and in the 1960s the practice of housing foreign workers in floating hotels was begun. Post-war there was no major industrial action until
588:
and
Hoogovens announced that they intended to merge, which would make the combined company—provisionally named BSKH—the world's third-largest steel producer with an aggregate worldwide turnover of approximately €15.127 billion. Upon completion, Hoogovens shareholders would own 38.3% of the new
575:
In 1998 Hoogovens employed around 23,000 people, and produced approximately 8 million tonnes of steel (and 450,000 tonnes of aluminium) per year, with sales of over $ 10 billion. The company's main products were rolled steel, including tinplate (thin gauge steel), coated steels, and aluminium
254:
In 1914 H.J.E. Wenckebach and J.C Ankersmit began planning the construction of a steelworks in the
Netherlands, in 1916 Ankersmit departed for the USA, leaving Wenckebach to continue the work, and on 19 April 1917 Wenckebach presented his plans which included the establishment of three
523:
of
Germany as the other partner, which merged its Dortmund steel plant into the concern. IJmuiden, with good access to seaborn raw materials, was to act primarily as a raw steel supplier to the plant in Germany, which was closer to a large market for finished steel products. The
466:
After the end of World War II reconstruction of the
Netherlands began, and as part of this process investments were made in the steelworks. A separate company, Breedband NV, was established on 19 June 1950, receiving funding from both the state and the United States, under the
668:) the down turn led to significant job losses – 800 persons in 2009, and up to 2014 a further 1000 jobs. In the 2014/2015 financial year the IJmuiden site made a profit of c. €340million, resulting a 9.19% bonus to the workforce, then numbering c. 8000 to 9000 persons.
267:(Committee for establishing blast furnaces and steel rolling mill in the Netherlands) was set up, with the aim of creating steel works and rolling mills. The plan received support from the large industrial concerns and capitalists of the Netherlands, including
3269:"Les Centres sidérurgiques des rivages de la mer du Nord et leur influence sur l'organisation de l'espace: Brême, IJmuiden, Gand, Dunkerque : recherches sur l'expression et sur la signification géographiques de l'activité industrielle"
445:
had acquired 40% of the company from the shareholdings of the state and city of
Amsterdam. The directors of the company Housz and Holtrop went into hiding in 1943. The mouth of the North Sea canal at IJmuiden was used as a base for the
321:
One of the motivations for the creation of a steelworks was to end the country's reliance on imported steel. Since the country's resources of coal and iron ore were limited, a site suitable for import and export by sea was chosen, and
764:
were established at the IJmuiden site in 1928 and 1930, manufacturing fertiliser, and cement respectively, using steel production by products. CEMIJ was sold off in 1989. A shareholding in coal tar distillation plant Cindu
379:
which was to manufacturer fertiliser using chemicals derived from coke oven gas. A second subsidiary was founded in 1930, an on-site cement factory established as a joint venture between KNHS and the Dutch concrete company
2467:
691:
in the north east of the
Netherlands; the enterprised was backed by the state which guaranteed a long term supply of energy a low price: a large natural gas discovery had been made in the region. Mining company
532:
The Dutch state supported the process with a loan of 570 million guilders. The workforce was reduced by 3,000 (14%) over 4 years from 1982, with the company becoming profitable again in 1984. The subsidiary
1833:
1219:
1923:
2249:
2853:
2550:
1774:
2758:
3517:
2188:
2659:
2091:
2057:
2894:
711:'s European business was acquired; the acquisition made KNHS a major aluminium producer: by 1996 it had an aluminium smelting capacity of well over 10 million tonnes per annum.
600:; this was granted in mid-July of the same year, and on 6 October 1999 the merger was completed. The new name for the joint company, Corus, had been announced the month before.
3512:
3223:
192:, Netherlands was built between 1920 and 1940, first producing iron, later steel, with hot and cold rolling producing flat products. In the 1960s the company diversified into
3502:
2791:
2633:
2459:
2335:
3522:
1773:, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development : DIRECTORATE FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY : STEEL COMMITTEE, 14 October 1997, p. 38,
543:
was put into operation in May 1980. In 1990 a production line for producing paint coated steel rolls was started. The third blast furnace was decommissioned in 1991.
528:
of the 1970s prevented any positive expansion and the company was disbanded in 1982 when funding arrangements for the loss-making
Dortmund plant could not be agreed.
1901:
1508:
2827:
2971:
1227:
638:
Plans for the construction of an (€223 million) additional hot dip galvanising line and cold rolling mill were made in 2005, for an expected completion in 2008.
1616:
2364:
1825:
3214:
3207:
3527:
851:(FFM) was also acquired, and renamed 'Myriad'. Governmental financing for rescue investment in UGB La Louvière could not be agreed and the plant was sold to
3507:
1929:
2241:
775:, was acquired in 1927; the plant used tar produced as a by-product of coke production. In 2010 Cindu Chemicals BV was sold to Koppers Holding Inc. (
2845:
619:, with a capacity of 400,000 tonnes per year of zinc coated coil began operation; it was the second to be produced as part of a joint venture with
3174:
2750:
2273:
2562:
2491:
879:
2651:
2199:
794:). In 2011 a €3million investment was made into the factory improving facilities for manufacturing tube steel for car chassis construction.
3415:
1768:
399:
was chosen to supply the plant's design. A pipe foundry was opened in 1936, and in 1938 construction of a steel conversion plant using the
288:
32:
1574:, "Blast Furnace 6 officially lit, 28 November 1967"; "Oxy steel factory 2 put into use, 5 Oct 1968"; ""Block Mill 3 and Hot Strip Mill 2"
1925:
J.F. van Duyne, voorzitter van de Raad van Bestuur van Koninklijke Hoogovens : Een diepe en felle dip, maar absoluut geen dieptepunt
430:
was forced to flee the country, and the mill was acquired by KNHS, and integrated into the rest of the IJmuiden site: it became known as
395:
During the 1930s the plant was further developed, turning from raw iron production to steel production using open hearth furnaces; again
2079:
215:
steel company. The aluminium production assets were sold off during the Corus period. In 2007, Corus Group was purchased by India-based
2621:
in order to increase sales of coal tar, Hoogovens acquired an interest in NV Teerbedrijf Uithoorn (Uithoorn Tar Company) (Tebu) in 1927
2049:
471:. The project introduced hot and cold rolling mills for thin plate, of 60 and 75 thousand tonnes per year capacity respectively, and a
657:
In 2008 due to lack of demand the Corus steel group cut production by 20%; in IJmuiden one blast furnace was taken out of production.
368:
from the blast furnace to make building products, but the enterprise ceased in 1927. A third blast furnace started operation in 1930.
3234:
2900:
3280:
3186:
3164:
3123:
2783:
2614:
2444:
1666:
1485:
450:, and the steelworks itself was a strategic target for attack, and bombings and lack of raw materials brought production to a halt.
671:
In 2021, Tata Steel Europe ceased to exists after it was split into a British and a Dutch branch. Tata Steel Netherlands (TSN) and
2327:
1813:
2296:
661:
791:
2771:
Corus Staal BV, a fifty percent owner of Segal SA, has agreed to purchase the remaining shares in the Belgian galvanizing line
2113:
1029:
3095:
743:, a large commodity trader. This ended the businesses' association with aluminium, leaving it primarily as a steel producer.
719:
Divisions in the board of Corus arose in 2002 when the company announced it was to sell its profitable aluminium business to
2167:
576:
extrusions. Production was distributed 20% in the Dutch market, 60% in the rest of Europe and 20% to the rest of the world.
415:
steel plant. After the war the mill was returned to the Netherlands and remained in operation until decommissioned in 1992.
2998:
2983:
1881:
1415:
412:
3476:
1500:
382:
2937:
2700:
2223:
767:
356:
338:, outside its sea locks, and two harbours were built - the inner harbour opened in 1920, and the outer harbour in 1923.
2527:
888:(Steam Corus IJmuiden) operates steam trains on the rail network of the CIJmuiden and has workshop facilities on site.
3411:
2507:
903:
897:
593:
1608:
1472:"1947/51 Administrative offices of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Hoogovens en Staalfabrieken (Royal Dutch Steel Works)"
499:
potential workers was gradually introduced, first for skilled workers, and after World War II for unskilled workers.
2356:
1556:
3497:
1166:, Kooksfabriek 1 1924; Hoogoven 1 1924 - 1972 Hoogoven 2 1926 - 1972; Giethal 1924 - 1948; Centrale 1 1924
2953:
295:. Additionally, the Dutch state and the city of Amsterdam contributed 7.5 million and 5 million of the 30 million
3106:"6. A 'Dutch Miracle' in steel policy? Laissez-faire intervention, wage restraint and the evolution of Hoogovens"
978:. The proposal was blocked by the Rotterdam council, having received opposition from the public and green groups.
848:
3034:
1327:
1304:
1199:
1159:
1131:
2729:
2558:
2499:
783:
311:
3018:
1453:
315:
3465:
874:, English: Hoogovens industrial heritage foundation) is dedicated to the history of the plant, and runs the
632:
388:
360:), and cleaned coke oven gas was used in the site's power plant and in nearby municipalities. A brickworks (
2281:
511:
In 1972 the first two blast furnaces were decommissioned. In the same year (1972) the IJmuiden steelworks (
884:
635:, USA entered bankruptcy in 2001 having been closed due to poor demand after only 4 months in production.
551:
407:) was begun in the late 1930s. During the World War II occupation the mill was confiscated and shipped to
2828:"The European Commission authorises the acquisition by the Hoogovens Group of 50% of Usines Gustave Boël"
1460:, (SIEHO), De ruwijzergietmachine; Hoogoven 4 1958; Hoogoven 5 1961; Staaf en Draad Walserij 1964 - 2000]
487:
project moved Hoogoven's emphasis into flat rather than long products, which continued in later decades.
3357:
1985:
822:
787:
442:
90:
3192:
859:
836:
754:, an earlier Dutch steel producer became a KNHS subsidiary in 1964, the company was shut down in 1984.
875:
829:
419:
162:
2875:
1801:
1789:
476:
3137:
Is Polder-Type Governance Good For You? Laissez-Faire Intervention, Wage Restraint, And Dutch Steel
672:
597:
547:
500:
3453:
3322:
2012:
475:
line. All three installations were operating by the end of 1953. During the same period architect
185:. was a Dutch steel producer founded in 1918. Since 2010, the plant is named Tata Steel IJmuiden.
3381:
540:
844:
814:
408:
292:
687:
In 1964 a joint venture with Hoogovens as major (50%) partner established an aluminium company
3286:
3276:
3253:
3182:
3160:
3140:
3119:
3091:
2610:
2440:
2125:
1662:
1481:
1471:
651:
585:
372:
272:
220:
208:
3144:
3105:
1893:
708:
427:
284:
79:
2520:"Corus to Sell Aluminium Rolled Products and Extrusions Businesses to Aleris International"
806:
761:
751:
704:
533:
263:, and plants for using the by products of the process (coking gas and slag). In May 1917 a
3389:
3006:
2979:
2964:
2087:
1560:
1457:
1408:"WE ARE IN A SMART DISTRESS (republished in 'World War II Experiences of Howard Thornley'"
1331:
1308:
1203:
1163:
1135:
974:
In the late 1960s Hoogovens and Hoesch had planned to build a second Dutch steel plant in
957:
KNHS formed its interests that were to be merged (the IJmuiden steelworks) into a company
825:
steel for the car industry. The shares of the company were wholly owned by Corus by 2004.
665:
335:
3429:
2304:
592:
Because of the size of the two companies, and the extent of their competition within the
832:
became a wholly owned subsidiary in 1997, after acquiring a 50% share acquired in 1988.
992:
840:
605:
458:
400:
256:
3156:
Dutch enterprise in the twentieth century: business strategies in a small open economy
2920:
3491:
932:
628:
468:
296:
3175:"The Pathfinder : Strategy Paths And Resources In Their Territory Through Time"
1540:
History Steel Company, (Corus), "Oxy steel factory 1 officially opened, 22 Feb 1958"
346:. The coking plant continued to be expanded throughout the 1920s and 30s, and after
3442:"CORUS , IJMUIDEN , HÜTTENWERK / INTEGRATED STEEL MILL , Niederlande / Netherlands"
3010:
2460:"Corus Group plc Preliminary Report for the 12 Months to 28 December 2002 - Part 3"
2013:"Commission approves merger between British Steel (UK) and Hoogovens (Netherlands)"
802:
740:
525:
505:
447:
347:
276:
260:
1030:"Tata says break up of European business will only see small number of job losses"
858:
The company also participated in north sea gas exploration and extraction company
546:
In the late 1990s two blast furnaces were purchased by the Indonesian steel group
3407:
3268:
3257:
3154:
3113:
3085:
2846:"Aciérie, laminoir dite Fabrique de Fer de Maubeuge, puis Hoogovens, puis Myriad"
2604:
2434:
1955:
1656:
1501:"architectuurgids.nl - Hoofdgebouw Hoogovens, Willem Marinus Dudok, Velsen-Noord"
1475:
3109:
2173:
472:
212:
1407:
441:
During World War II the company was affected by the German occupation: in 1941
3259:
Het Spiedend Oog Der Luchtcamera : 170 Luchtfoto's met toelochtende tekst
1987:
Case No IV/M. 1595 - BRITISH STEEL / HOOGOVENS: Article 6(1)(b) Non-Opposition
676:
647:
392:(CEMIJ) and manufactured cement using granulated furnace slag as an additive.
268:
231:
216:
199:
The company briefly merged its IJmuiden steel plant with German steel company
3290:
3072:
3058:
2896:
UGB board OKs Duferco plan for reconstruction.(Usine Gustave Boel in Belgium)
2692:
2129:
1373:, 4.3 Kenschets van Van Leer's Walsbedriijven N.V./Walserij-Oost, pp.132-139.
47:
34:
2519:
2439:, Routledge, "A case in point: the aluminium debacle", pp.47-52; also p.43,
1897:
975:
697:
572:, was established at Sidmar's plant near Ghent, producing galvanised steel.
520:
327:
307:
200:
193:
3118:, New Horizons in Public Policy, Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 84–104,
3025:(in Dutch), Stichting Industrieel Erfgoed Hoogovens (SIEHO), archived from
226:
In 2021, the company was split into a British (Tata Steel UK) and a Dutch (
1993:. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities
923:
Koninklijke Nederlandsche Hoogovens en Staalfabrieken N.V. : English
504:
1973, when 2,300 workers went on strike at the IJmuiden plant. During the
2436:
Towards a European labour identity: the case of the European Work Council
1658:
Towards a European labour identity: the case of the European Work Council
1553:
818:
732:
720:
693:
351:
331:
323:
189:
139:
17:
3441:
1247:
History Steel Company, (Corus), "Blast - Furnace 3 is lit 13 July 1930"
727:
In 2006 Corus's aluminium rolling and extrusion facilities were sold to
696:
was the other partner in the venture, along with technical support from
2015:(Press release). Brussels: European Commission. 19 July 1999. IP/99/524
991:, the joint venture became bankrupt in 2001, The plant was acquired by
945:
852:
776:
334:
due to better ground conditions. The site was on the north bank of the
280:
3382:"Steel90.com : 90th anniversary of the steel company in IJmuiden"
265:
Comité voor oprichting van een hoogovenstaal- en walswerk in Nederland
154:
3042:
1324:
1301:
1196:
1156:
1128:
798:
736:
728:
620:
604:
merger would help insulate British Steel against the strength of the
565:
480:
2721:
3026:
1450:
207:
but separated in 1982. In 1999, the company merged with the larger
1693:
757:
516:
457:
434:, remaining in use until 1953, and being replaced by the mills of
376:
354:, a by-product from coking, was used by the chemical works Cindu (
204:
161:
3345:
1004:
Hoogovens acquired Billiton's share in the joint venture in 1977.
3262:(in Dutch), Koninkklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap
3115:
Success and failure in public governance: a comparative analysis
2492:"Aleris International Snags Corus' Downstream Aluminum Business"
1220:"Corus verkoopt belangen in teerdestillatie bedrijf aan Koppers"
847:,), with option to buy the remaining shares. The UGB subsidiary
739:(Germany) were sold to Briand Investments B.V., an associate of
609:
365:
3254:"De Koninklijke Nederlandsche Hoogovens en Staalfabrieken N.V."
1770:
MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS IN STEELMAKING CAPACITY IN THE NON-OECD AREA
1206:, Phoenix Steenfabriek 1924 - 1927; Bijproductenfabriek 1924
561:. A new continuous caster was installed between 1998 and 2000.
2050:"Newly merged British Steel-Hoogovens group to be named Corus"
230:) branch, these fall directly under the Indian parent company
3365:
2433:
Michael Whittall; Herman Knudsen; Fred Huijgen, eds. (2007),
1655:
Michael Whittall; Herman Knudsen; Fred Huijgen, eds. (2007),
1342:
1340:
944:
In 2010 Cindu Chemicals BV was sold to Koppers Holding Inc. (
2652:"Nieuwe bewerkingslijn voor automotivesector in Zwijndrecht"
1802:"Chinese company fined for its dangerous working conditions"
1361:, Van Leer's Walsbedrijven NV > Walserij Oost 1938 - 1953
479:
was commissioned to design a head office for the company in
362:
NV Phoenix Maatschappij voor Vervaardiging van Hoogovensteen
3310:
550:
and dismantled and shipped to its development in Malaysia,
491:
per year by 1965. On 4 May 1965 KNHS took over the company
3393:
2921:"Koninklijke Nederlandsche Hoogovens en Staalfabrieken NV"
2189:"Indiana ports provide help in a bid to sell idle GalvPro"
304:
Koninklijke Nederlandsche Hoogovens en Staalfabrieken N.V.
3208:
Koninklijke Hoogovens In Its Territory: A Bird's-Eye View
2876:"Unions concerned at sale of UGB steelworks by Hoogovens"
1635:
1633:
925:
Royal Dutch Blast Furnaces and Steelworks Public Limited
900:, primary steel production process invented at Hoogovens
631:
for another galvanising line built in the late 1990s in
462:
Koninklijke Hoogovens headquarters in Velsen by WM Dudok
3330:
2169:
Galvstar LP.(changes name to Galvpro LP)(Brief Article)
1984:
Commission of the European Communities (15 July 1999).
1311:, Buizengieterij 1936; Martin Staal Fabriek 1939 - 1972
906:, formerly the Hoogovens chess tournament, started 1938
679:. The plant itself is still named Tata Steel IJmuiden.
2948:, St. James Press – via www.fundinguniverse.com
508:
there were no strikes, despite significant lay-offs.
3408:
Documents and clippings about Tata Steel Netherlands
3139:, ERIM Report Series Reference No. ERS-2000-28-ORG,
1882:"Start-up of the continuous galvanizing line Galtec"
411:(Salzgitter), Germany where it was installed in the
1870:, "Casting mill installation opened, 17 April 2000"
175:
Koninklijke Nederlandse Hoogovens en Staalfabrieken
150:
134:
122:
114:
96:
86:
67:
Koninklijke Nederlandse Hoogovens en Staalfabrieken
3215:The "Social Becoming" Of Koninklijke Hoogovens Plc
3181:, University of Groningen / Labyrint Publication,
2609:, Nederlands Historisch Genootschap, p. 129,
612:, which had been harming British Steel's exports.
3430:"TATA Steel IJmuiden , Niederlande / Netherlands"
2874:Philippe Dryon; Estelle Krzeslo (28 March 1999),
2634:"Hoogovens koopt walserij van Van Leeuwen Buizen"
557:In 1996 the company changed its official name to
1743:, "Paint line put into operation, 16 March 1990"
1661:, Routledge, "Historical background", pp.41-43,
1438:, "War, company is closed down" 13 December 1943
515:.) were formed into a 50:50 joint venture named
2551:"Corus Sells Last Aluminum Smelters to PE Firm"
2357:"Bijna €350 mln winst voor Tata Steel IJmuiden"
2242:"Belangrijke investering bij Corus in IJmuiden"
2056:, Associated Press Archive, 30 September 1999,
1962:. British Broadcasting Corporation. 7 June 1999
1755:, "Blast Furnace 3 demolished, 18 October 1991"
1731:, "Continuous Casting Installation, 9 May 1980"
1598:, "The Arosa Sun in IJmuiden, 27 February 1960"
931:; "Hoogoven" (plural "hoogovens") is Dutch for
703:In 1970 the company acquired a shareholding in
3518:Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1999
2224:"Steel dynamics finalizes deal to buy GalvPro"
2080:"British Steel poised for pounds 1bn takeover"
1790:"Chinese company may continue demolition work"
862:(1960s), its interests were sold off in 1988.
675:fall directly under the Indian parent company
3233:, Koninklijke Hoogovens, 1998, archived from
3224:"Annual report 1998 Koninklijke Hoogovens NV"
3084:van Elteren, Melchior Cornelis Maria (1986),
2811:
2152:Galvanizing site bought by Weirton, Hoogovens
2144:
1814:"Onrust over ongevallen op terrein Hoogovens"
130:Tata Steel Netherlands IJmuiden (2021–)
8:
2942:International Directory of Company Histories
2925:International Directory of Company Histories
2751:"Corus acquires remaining interest in Segal"
1950:
1948:
1946:
62:
3513:Manufacturing companies established in 1918
1583:
1370:
1346:
650:acquired Corus and subsequently renamed it
3503:Manufacturing companies of the Netherlands
3275:(in French), Publications de la Sorbonne,
2172:, Purchasing, 8 April 1999, archived from
1382:
596:, the merger required the approval of the
61:
3523:1999 disestablishments in the Netherlands
2606:Studies on the history of the Netherlands
2421:History of Koninklijke Hoogovens, (Corus)
2112:Mauro Righini; Michele Turchetto (2000),
2034:History of Koninklijke Hoogovens, (Corus)
1609:"Industrialisatie IJmondgebied 1876-1950"
843:was acquired in 1997 (as a joint venture
3112:; Peters, B. Guy; 't Hart, Paul (eds.),
2682:, "Foundation of Segal, 3 November 1983"
2590:
2408:
2396:
2230:, American Metal Market, 6 February 2003
2118:MPT - Metallurgical Plant and Technology
1979:
1977:
1716:
1680:
1639:
1528:
1446:
1444:
1285:
1261:
1214:
1212:
1175:
1108:
1106:
1085:
927:; Koninklijke Hoogovens : English:
3273:Publications de la Sorbonne. Géographie
3159:, Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group,
2972:"90 Years of Steel Company in IJmuiden"
2931:, Gale – via www.encyclopedia.com
2899:, American Metal Market, archived from
1956:"British Steel merges with Dutch rival"
1188:
1186:
1184:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1017:
916:
872:Stichting Industrieel Erfgoed Hoogovens
234:and Tata Steel Europe ceased to exist.
2822:
2820:
2586:
2584:
2575:
2384:
2338:from the original on 24 September 2015
2252:from the original on 24 September 2015
1904:from the original on 28 September 2016
1826:"Vergunning Chinees bedrijf in gevaar"
1704:
1650:
1648:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1112:
598:Commission of the European Communities
128:Tata Steel Europe IJmuiden (2007-2021)
1886:Metallurgical Research and Technology
1226:, Corus, 1 March 2010, archived from
1081:
1079:
1077:
1064:
1062:
880:European Route of Industrial Heritage
805:reached agreement on a joint venture
786:was acquired at the end of 1995 from
7:
2187:Scott Robertson (30 December 2002),
2154:, American Metal Market, 13 May 1998
1023:
1021:
277:Steenkolen Handels-Vereeniging (SHV)
203:from 1972 forming the joint venture
3528:Dutch companies established in 1918
3087:Staal en arbeid - Periode 1924-1955
3019:"Korte geschiedenis Corus IJmuiden"
1858:, "Name is changed, 1 January 1996"
1418:from the original on 6 October 2011
811:Société Européenne de Galvanisation
615:In 2000 a hot dip galvanising line
383:Eerste Nederlandse Cement Industrie
155:https://www.tatasteelnederland.com/
3508:Steel companies of the Netherlands
3317:(in Dutch), Tata Steel IJmuiden BV
2954:"History of Koninklijke Hoogovens"
2703:from the original on 24 April 2016
2514:, Metal Center News, 1 August 2006
2367:from the original on 30 March 2016
1397:, "Board of directors into Hiding"
835:A 50% share in Belgian steelmaker
422:established a steel rolling mill (
25:
3035:"Short history of Corus IJmuiden"
2856:from the original on 4 March 2016
2794:from the original on 23 July 2013
2761:from the original on 5 March 2016
2662:from the original on 6 March 2016
2561:, 23 January 2009, archived from
2470:from the original on 4 April 2016
2094:from the original on 4 March 2016
2060:from the original on 5 March 2016
1836:from the original on 24 July 2013
1777:from the original on 4 March 2016
1619:from the original on 25 June 2012
1451:Korte geschiedenis CORUS IJmuiden
965:, "Estel is founded, 7 July 1972"
302:On 20 September 1918 the company
188:The IJmuiden steelworks based in
2893:Christian Kohl (31 March 1999),
2530:from the original on 5 July 2013
2508:"Aleris acquires Corus business"
2078:Michael Harrison (3 June 1999),
1511:from the original on 13 May 2014
564:In 1998 a joint subsidiary with
483:, which was completed 1953. The
310:. Wenckenbach was the Director,
78:
2834:, European Union, 29 April 1997
2732:from the original on 4 May 2016
792:Van Leeuwen Pipe and Tube Group
747:Subsidiaries and joint ventures
3153:Sluyterman, Keetie E. (2005),
3090:, vol. 1, Brill Archive,
2936:Pederson, Jay P., ed. (2003),
2919:Pederson, Jay P., ed. (2008),
2466:, Corus Group, 14 March 2003,
1572:History Steel Company, (Corus)
821:, Belgium which would produce
299:required to fund the project.
1:
3323:"Welkom bij Corus in IJmuide"
2790:(in Dutch), 24 January 1997,
1922:Peter van Steen, ed. (1999),
1880:Vereecke, M. (January 2001),
1550:Korte geschiedenis .. (SIEHO)
1359:Korte geschiedenis .. (SIEHO)
1321:Korte geschiedenis .. (SIEHO)
1298:Korte geschiedenis .. (SIEHO)
1274:Korte geschiedenis .. (SIEHO)
1193:Korte geschiedenis .. (SIEHO)
1153:Korte geschiedenis .. (SIEHO)
1125:Korte geschiedenis .. (SIEHO)
1069:Korte geschiedenis .. (SIEHO)
878:which is an affiliate of the
642:Tata Steel 2007–present
289:Frits Fentener van Vlissingen
3256:, in J.H.G. Schepers (ed.),
3073:"geschiedenis van Hoogovens"
3059:"geschiedenis van Hoogovens"
2680:History Steel Company (2007)
2423:, "The 1970's"; "The 1980's"
2274:"Hot Dip Galvanising Line 3"
2114:"Surface coating - Galtec 2"
1868:History Steel Company (2007)
1856:History Steel Company (2007)
1753:History Steel Company (2007)
1741:History Steel Company (2007)
1729:History Steel Company (2007)
1596:History Steel Company (2007)
1470:Herman van Bergeijk (2001),
1436:History Steel Company (2007)
1395:History Steel Company (2007)
1028:Barry, Sion (28 June 2021).
963:History Steel Company (2007)
782:The welded tubes factory in
768:Chemische Industrie Uithoorn
357:Chemische Industrie Uithoorn
102:; 106 years ago
3412:20th Century Press Archives
3079:(in Dutch), Hoogovensmuseum
3065:(in Dutch), Hoogovensmuseum
2757:, Corus, 12 November 2004,
2640:(in Dutch), 1 November 1995
2328:"Corus Group Press Release"
2248:, Corus, 30 November 2005,
1334:, Walserij West 1947 - 1992
1098:90 Years of Steel .. (2007)
1054:90 Years of Steel .. (2007)
904:Tata Steel Chess Tournament
898:HIsarna steelmaking process
849:Fabrique de Fer de Maubeuge
662:Financial crisis of 2007–08
594:European Economic Community
580:Corus group 1999–2007
181:) until 1996 or informally
3544:
3364:(in Dutch), archived from
3329:(in Dutch), archived from
3267:Jacques Malézieux (1981),
3173:Vrieling, Lammert (1998),
2334:, Corus, 7 November 2008,
1549:
1414:: 228–230, December 1977,
1358:
1320:
1297:
1288:, Table 5.1, p.117; p.129.
1273:
1192:
1152:
1124:
1068:
623:. A joint venture (42.5%)
413:Reichswerke Hermann Göring
126:Corus IJmuiden (1999–2007)
27:Former Dutch steel company
3135:Schenk, Hans (May 2000),
3132:also publisher as :
2603:Martinus Nijhoff (1973),
2578:, pp. 101–2, note.3.
2363:(in Dutch), 25 May 2015,
1832:(in Dutch), 3 June 1997,
1554:Breedband NV 1950 - 1965
1325:Geïntegreerd staalbedrijf
1302:Geïntegreerd staalbedrijf
1138:, Havens en opslagen 1920
397:Freyr, Brassert & Co.
326:was chosen over sites at
77:
3056:partially reproduced at
2679:
2559:The Aluminum Association
2500:The Aluminum Association
2196:www.lockerassociates.com
1867:
1855:
1752:
1740:
1728:
1595:
1571:
1435:
1394:
1097:
1053:
962:
660:In the period after the
344:Freyn, Brassert &Co.
318:the company's assignee.
312:Geldolph Adriaan Kessler
3231:www.tatasteeleurope.com
3179:dissertations.ub.rug.nl
2999:"History Steel Company"
2961:www.tatasteeleurope.com
2880:www.eurofound.europa.eu
2420:
2303:, Corus, archived from
2280:, Corus, archived from
2033:
1820:(in Dutch), 23 May 1997
1806:www.eurofound.europa.eu
1794:www.eurofound.europa.eu
1692:See sources in article
1505:www.architectuurgids.nl
1456:13 October 2008 at the
707:(Belgium), and in 1987
633:Jeffersonville, Indiana
375:set up a joint venture
166:IJmuiden blast furnaces
3392:, 2007, archived from
3377:, Corus IJmuiden steam
3350:www.hoogovensmuseum.nl
3077:www.hoogovensmuseum.nl
3063:www.hoogovensmuseum.nl
3009:, 2007, archived from
2982:, 2007, archived from
828:Metal plating company
731:. In 2009 smelters in
552:Gunawan Iron and Steel
463:
389:Cementfabriek IJmuiden
306:(KNHS) was created in
228:Tata Steel Netherlands
167:
3454:"Tata Steel IJmuiden"
3358:"Corus Stoom Ymuiden"
3252:L.A. Pennock (1948),
3104:Schenk, Hans (2001),
2084:www.independent.co.uk
1898:10.1051/metal:2001163
1586:, "Summary", pp.370-.
959:Hoogovens IJmuiden BV
797:In 1983 the company,
559:Koninklijke Hoogovens
513:Hoogovens IJmuiden BV
461:
443:Vereinigte Stahlwerke
386:(ENCI): it was named
371:In 1928 the KNHS and
171:Koninklijke Hoogovens
165:
91:Naamloze vennootschap
73:Koninklijke Hoogovens
3339:Museums and heritage
2464:www.prnewswire.co.uk
929:Royal Blast Furnaces
885:Corus Stoom IJmuiden
773:Teerbedrijf Uithoorn
683:Aluminium production
539:The company's first
477:Willem Marinus Dudok
364:), was built to use
48:52.47839°N 4.59212°E
3477:"Zoeken: hoogovens"
3434:www.viktormacha.com
548:Gunawan Steel Group
501:Vocational training
314:the secretary, and
245:IJmuiden steelworks
74:
44: /
3466:"Corus coke works"
3446:www.stahlseited.de
3396:on 7 February 2011
3368:on 27 October 2018
3346:"Hoogovens Museum"
3217:, pp. 110–174
3029:on 13 October 2008
3013:on 9 December 2013
2986:on 9 December 2013
2812:Annual Report 1998
2697:www.portdeliege.be
2512:goliath.ecnext.com
2307:on 9 December 2013
2284:on 9 December 2013
2228:goliath.ecnext.com
2145:Annual Report 1998
1613:www.regiocanons.nl
1559:2008-09-15 at the
1480:, 010 Publishers,
1330:2008-09-15 at the
1307:2008-09-15 at the
1202:2008-09-15 at the
1162:2008-09-15 at the
1134:2008-09-15 at the
837:Usine Gustave Boël
823:hot dip galvanized
788:Van Leeuwen Buizen
735:(Netherlands) and
464:
168:
3498:Tata Steel Europe
3464:Harold Hfinster,
3452:Harold Hfinster,
3352:(in Dutch), SIEHO
3304:Official websites
3213:Chapter 5 :
3210:, pp. 88–109
3206:Chapter 4 :
3045:on 7 October 2007
2938:"Corus Group plc"
2850:www.actuacity.com
2526:, 17 March 2006,
2387:, pp. 87, 93
2147:, pp. 24, 41
1808:, 28 October 1997
1707:, pp. 96–99.
860:Nordwinning Group
652:Tata Steel Europe
586:British Steel plc
541:continuous caster
536:was also closed.
373:Royal Dutch Shell
342:American company
273:Royal Dutch Shell
221:Tata Steel Europe
209:British Steel plc
160:
159:
71:
65:
53:52.47839; 4.59212
16:(Redirected from
3535:
3484:
3472:
3460:
3448:
3440:Uwe Niggemeier,
3436:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3353:
3334:
3333:on 12 April 2004
3318:
3315:www.tatasteel.nl
3293:
3263:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3239:
3228:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3191:, archived from
3169:
3147:
3128:
3100:
3080:
3066:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3041:, archived from
3030:
3014:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2967:
2958:
2949:
2932:
2905:
2904:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2882:, European Union
2871:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2824:
2815:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2766:
2755:www.tatasteel.nl
2747:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2656:www.tatasteel.nl
2648:
2642:
2641:
2638:www.volksrant.nl
2630:
2624:
2623:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2555:www.aluminum.org
2547:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2515:
2503:
2496:www.aluminum.org
2485:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2412:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2332:www.tatasteel.nl
2324:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2246:www.tatasteel.nl
2238:
2232:
2231:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2204:
2198:, archived from
2193:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2046:
2040:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1992:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1952:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1928:, archived from
1919:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1821:
1809:
1797:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1678:
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1671:
1652:
1643:
1637:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1584:van Elteren 1986
1581:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1467:
1461:
1448:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1371:van Elteren 1986
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1347:van Elteren 1986
1344:
1335:
1318:
1312:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1248:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1224:www.tatasteel.nl
1216:
1207:
1197:KNHS eerste fase
1190:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1157:KNHS eerste fase
1150:
1139:
1129:KNHS eerste fase
1122:
1116:
1110:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1072:
1066:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1025:
1005:
1002:
996:
985:
979:
972:
966:
955:
949:
942:
936:
921:
876:Hoogovens Museum
830:Hille and Muller
709:Kaiser Aluminium
608:relative to the
428:Bernard van Leer
424:Walsbedrijven NV
420:Van Leer company
316:A.H. Ingen Housz
285:Hendrikus Colijn
219:and was renamed
110:
108:
103:
82:
75:
69:
63:
59:
58:
56:
55:
54:
49:
45:
42:
41:
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37:
21:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3488:
3487:
3475:
3470:www.hfinster.de
3463:
3458:www.hfinster.de
3451:
3439:
3427:
3399:
3397:
3386:www.steel90.com
3380:
3371:
3369:
3356:
3344:
3321:
3309:
3301:
3296:
3283:
3266:
3251:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3226:
3222:
3198:
3196:
3189:
3172:
3167:
3152:
3134:
3126:
3103:
3098:
3083:
3071:
3057:
3048:
3046:
3033:
3017:
3003:www.steel90.com
2997:
2989:
2987:
2976:www.steel90.com
2970:
2956:
2952:
2935:
2918:
2914:
2909:
2908:
2903:on 7 March 2016
2892:
2891:
2887:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2859:
2857:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2826:
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2818:
2810:
2806:
2797:
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2764:
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2735:
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2691:
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2674:
2665:
2663:
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2649:
2645:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2617:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2589:
2582:
2574:
2570:
2565:on 12 July 2010
2549:
2548:
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2533:
2531:
2518:
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2490:
2486:
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2473:
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2370:
2368:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2341:
2339:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2310:
2308:
2301:www.steel90.com
2295:
2287:
2285:
2278:www.steel90.com
2272:
2268:
2264:
2255:
2253:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2208:
2206:
2205:on 23 July 2008
2202:
2191:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2176:on 9 April 2016
2166:
2165:
2161:
2150:
2140:
2136:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2097:
2095:
2088:The Independent
2077:
2076:
2072:
2063:
2061:
2054:nl.newsbank.com
2048:
2047:
2043:
2032:
2028:
2018:
2016:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1982:
1975:
1965:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1944:
1935:
1933:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1907:
1905:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1866:
1862:
1854:
1850:
1839:
1837:
1824:
1818:www.digibron.nl
1812:
1800:
1788:
1780:
1778:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1751:
1747:
1739:
1735:
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1715:
1711:
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1699:
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1669:
1654:
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1646:
1638:
1631:
1622:
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1607:
1606:
1602:
1594:
1590:
1582:
1578:
1570:
1566:
1561:Wayback Machine
1548:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1527:
1523:
1514:
1512:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1488:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1458:Wayback Machine
1449:
1442:
1434:
1430:
1421:
1419:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1393:
1389:
1383:Sluyterman 2005
1381:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1357:
1353:
1345:
1338:
1332:Wayback Machine
1319:
1315:
1309:Wayback Machine
1296:
1292:
1284:
1280:
1272:
1268:
1260:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1233:
1231:
1230:on 5 March 2016
1218:
1217:
1210:
1204:Wayback Machine
1191:
1182:
1174:
1170:
1164:Wayback Machine
1151:
1142:
1136:Wayback Machine
1123:
1119:
1111:
1104:
1096:
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999:
986:
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969:
956:
952:
943:
939:
922:
918:
913:
894:
868:
749:
717:
685:
666:Great Recession
644:
582:
456:
454:1945–1999
336:North Sea Canal
252:
247:
240:
146:
142:
129:
127:
106:
104:
101:
72:
70:1996–1999
68:
66:
64:1918–1996
52:
50:
46:
43:
38:
35:
33:
31:
30:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3541:
3539:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3490:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3481:www.gahetna.nl
3473:
3461:
3449:
3437:
3428:Viktor Macha,
3424:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3405:
3378:
3354:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3335:
3319:
3311:"Tatasteel.nl"
3306:
3305:
3300:
3299:External links
3297:
3295:
3294:
3281:
3264:
3249:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3211:
3195:on 5 July 2013
3187:
3170:
3165:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3124:
3110:Bovens, M.A.P.
3101:
3096:
3081:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3054:
3015:
2995:
2968:
2950:
2933:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2885:
2866:
2837:
2816:
2804:
2775:
2742:
2713:
2684:
2672:
2643:
2625:
2615:
2595:
2580:
2568:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2516:
2504:
2480:
2451:
2445:
2425:
2413:
2411:, p. 101.
2401:
2399:, p. 158.
2389:
2377:
2348:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2297:"Cold Mill 22"
2293:
2262:
2233:
2215:
2179:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2148:
2134:
2104:
2070:
2041:
2026:
2004:
1973:
1942:
1932:on 11 May 2012
1914:
1872:
1860:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1822:
1810:
1798:
1796:, 28 July 1997
1786:
1757:
1745:
1733:
1721:
1709:
1697:
1685:
1683:, p. 149.
1673:
1667:
1644:
1629:
1600:
1588:
1576:
1564:
1542:
1533:
1531:, p. 134.
1521:
1492:
1486:
1462:
1440:
1428:
1412:Samen Magazine
1399:
1387:
1385:, p. 118.
1375:
1363:
1351:
1349:, p. 128.
1336:
1313:
1290:
1278:
1266:
1249:
1240:
1208:
1180:
1178:, p. 121.
1168:
1140:
1117:
1102:
1100:, "Background"
1090:
1073:
1058:
1046:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1006:
997:
993:Steel Dynamics
987:Later renamed
980:
967:
950:
937:
915:
914:
912:
909:
908:
907:
901:
893:
890:
867:
864:
771:), then named
748:
745:
716:
713:
684:
681:
643:
640:
581:
578:
455:
452:
401:Siemens-Martin
297:Dutch guilders
257:blast furnaces
251:
248:
246:
243:
239:
236:
211:to create the
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
144:
138:
136:
132:
131:
124:
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3540:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3471:
3467:
3462:
3459:
3455:
3450:
3447:
3443:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3282:9782859440374
3278:
3274:
3270:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3240:on 5 May 2016
3236:
3232:
3225:
3221:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3194:
3190:
3188:90-72591-60-7
3184:
3180:
3176:
3171:
3168:
3166:9780203023167
3162:
3158:
3157:
3151:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:9781843762171
3121:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3107:
3102:
3099:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
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3060:
3055:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2966:
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2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
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2911:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2889:
2886:
2881:
2877:
2870:
2867:
2855:
2852:(in French),
2851:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2833:
2829:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2814:, p. 25.
2813:
2808:
2805:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2776:
2772:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2731:
2728:(in French),
2727:
2723:
2717:
2714:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2673:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2616:9789024715374
2612:
2608:
2607:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2591:Pederson 2008
2587:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2572:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2543:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2502:, August 2006
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2446:9780415403962
2442:
2438:
2437:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2409:Vrieling 1998
2405:
2402:
2398:
2397:Vrieling 1998
2393:
2390:
2386:
2381:
2378:
2366:
2362:
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2349:
2337:
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2320:
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2251:
2247:
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2237:
2234:
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2219:
2216:
2201:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2163:
2160:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2105:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2071:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2027:
2014:
2008:
2005:
1989:
1988:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1931:
1927:
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1918:
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1815:
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1803:
1799:
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1791:
1787:
1776:
1772:
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1766:
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1761:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1717:Pederson 2008
1713:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1681:Vrieling 1998
1677:
1674:
1670:
1668:9780415403962
1664:
1660:
1659:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1642:, p. 107
1641:
1640:Vrieling 1998
1636:
1634:
1630:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1543:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1529:Vrieling 1998
1525:
1522:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1487:9789064503160
1483:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1466:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1429:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1286:Vrieling 1998
1282:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1262:Pederson 2008
1258:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1241:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1176:Vrieling 1998
1172:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1086:Pederson 2008
1082:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1035:
1034:Business Live
1031:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1011:
1001:
998:
994:
990:
984:
981:
977:
971:
968:
964:
960:
954:
951:
947:
941:
938:
934:
933:blast furnace
930:
926:
920:
917:
910:
905:
902:
899:
896:
895:
891:
889:
887:
886:
881:
877:
873:
865:
863:
861:
856:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
833:
831:
826:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
795:
793:
789:
785:
780:
778:
774:
770:
769:
763:
759:
755:
753:
746:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
725:
722:
714:
712:
710:
706:
701:
699:
695:
690:
682:
680:
678:
674:
673:Tata Steel UK
669:
667:
663:
658:
655:
653:
649:
641:
639:
636:
634:
630:
629:Weirton Steel
626:
622:
618:
613:
611:
607:
601:
599:
595:
590:
587:
584:In June 1999
579:
577:
573:
571:
567:
562:
560:
555:
553:
549:
544:
542:
537:
535:
529:
527:
522:
518:
514:
509:
507:
502:
496:
494:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
469:Marshall Plan
460:
453:
451:
449:
444:
439:
437:
433:
432:Walserij Oost
429:
425:
421:
416:
414:
410:
406:
405:Walserij West
402:
398:
393:
391:
390:
385:
384:
378:
374:
369:
367:
363:
359:
358:
353:
349:
345:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
249:
244:
242:
237:
235:
233:
229:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
197:
195:
191:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
164:
156:
153:
149:
141:
137:
133:
125:
121:
117:
113:
99:
95:
92:
89:
85:
81:
76:
60:
57:
19:
3480:
3469:
3457:
3445:
3433:
3398:, retrieved
3394:the original
3385:
3370:, retrieved
3366:the original
3361:
3349:
3331:the original
3327:www.corus.nl
3326:
3314:
3272:
3258:
3242:, retrieved
3235:the original
3230:
3197:, retrieved
3193:the original
3178:
3155:
3136:
3131:
3114:
3086:
3076:
3062:
3047:, retrieved
3043:the original
3039:www.sieho.nl
3038:
3027:the original
3023:www.sieho.nl
3022:
3011:the original
3002:
2988:, retrieved
2984:the original
2975:
2960:
2945:
2941:
2928:
2924:
2901:the original
2895:
2888:
2879:
2869:
2858:, retrieved
2849:
2840:
2831:
2807:
2796:, retrieved
2788:www.toruw.nl
2787:
2778:
2770:
2763:, retrieved
2754:
2745:
2734:, retrieved
2726:www.segal.be
2725:
2716:
2705:, retrieved
2696:
2687:
2675:
2664:, retrieved
2655:
2646:
2637:
2628:
2620:
2605:
2598:
2571:
2563:the original
2554:
2545:
2532:, retrieved
2524:www.azon.com
2523:
2511:
2495:
2483:
2472:, retrieved
2463:
2454:
2435:
2428:
2416:
2404:
2392:
2380:
2369:, retrieved
2360:
2351:
2340:, retrieved
2331:
2322:
2309:, retrieved
2305:the original
2300:
2286:, retrieved
2282:the original
2277:
2265:
2254:, retrieved
2245:
2236:
2227:
2218:
2207:, retrieved
2200:the original
2195:
2182:
2174:the original
2168:
2162:
2151:
2137:
2124:(3): 94–97,
2121:
2117:
2107:
2096:, retrieved
2083:
2073:
2062:, retrieved
2053:
2044:
2037:
2029:
2017:. Retrieved
2007:
1995:. Retrieved
1986:
1964:. Retrieved
1959:
1934:, retrieved
1930:the original
1924:
1917:
1906:, retrieved
1892:(1): 105–9,
1889:
1885:
1875:
1863:
1851:
1838:, retrieved
1830:www.trouw.nl
1829:
1817:
1805:
1793:
1779:, retrieved
1769:
1760:
1748:
1736:
1724:
1712:
1700:
1688:
1676:
1657:
1621:, retrieved
1615:(in Dutch),
1612:
1603:
1591:
1579:
1567:
1545:
1536:
1524:
1513:, retrieved
1504:
1495:
1476:
1465:
1431:
1420:, retrieved
1411:
1402:
1390:
1378:
1366:
1354:
1316:
1293:
1281:
1276:, Cemij 1930
1269:
1243:
1232:, retrieved
1228:the original
1223:
1171:
1120:
1115:, p. 92
1093:
1049:
1037:. Retrieved
1033:
1000:
988:
983:
970:
958:
953:
940:
928:
924:
919:
883:
871:
869:
857:
834:
827:
810:
803:Phenix Works
796:
781:
772:
766:
756:
750:
726:
718:
715:Corus period
702:
688:
686:
670:
659:
656:
645:
637:
624:
616:
614:
602:
591:
583:
574:
569:
563:
558:
556:
545:
538:
530:
526:steel crisis
512:
510:
506:Steel crisis
497:
493:Breedband NV
492:
489:
484:
465:
448:Kriegsmarine
440:
436:Breedband NV
435:
431:
423:
417:
404:
396:
394:
387:
381:
370:
361:
355:
348:World War II
343:
340:
320:
303:
301:
264:
261:coking plant
253:
241:
227:
225:
198:
196:production.
187:
182:
178:
174:
170:
169:
135:Headquarters
87:Company type
29:
3244:15 February
3199:14 February
2860:14 February
2798:14 February
2784:"Hoogovens"
2765:15 February
2666:15 February
2576:Schenk 2001
2534:15 February
2385:Schenk 2001
2342:15 February
2311:15 February
2288:15 February
2256:15 February
2209:15 February
2098:2 September
1936:11 February
1781:13 December
1705:Schenk 2001
1623:11 February
1515:11 February
1422:11 February
1113:Schenk 2001
1088:, para. 1-3
1071:, para. 1-5
1056:, para. 1-2
841:La Louvière
784:Zwijndrecht
473:galvanising
213:Corus Group
145:Netherlands
51: /
3492:Categories
3483:(in Dutch)
3400:8 February
3372:7 February
3362:www.csy.nl
3097:9004078177
3049:31 January
2990:8 February
2064:8 February
1840:7 February
1719:, para.17.
1477:W.M. Dudok
1012:References
961:, source:
845:HB Holding
815:Ivoz-Ramet
790:(see also
677:Tata Steel
648:Tata Steel
625:Galstar LP
409:Watenstedt
293:J. Muysken
232:Tata Steel
223:in 2010.
217:Tata Steel
36:52°28′42″N
3291:0766-0448
2832:europa.eu
2593:, para.21
2487:Sources:
2269:Sources:
2141:Sources:
2130:0935-7254
2038:The 1990s
1764:Sources:
976:Rotterdam
855:in 1999.
839:(UGB) in
698:Alusuisse
654:in 2010.
589:company.
485:Breedband
328:Rotterdam
308:The Hague
250:1914-1945
194:aluminium
183:Hoogovens
173:known as
123:Successor
39:4°35′32″E
18:Hoogovens
2854:archived
2792:archived
2759:archived
2736:21 April
2730:archived
2707:21 April
2701:archived
2660:archived
2658:, 2011,
2528:archived
2474:20 March
2468:archived
2371:20 March
2365:archived
2336:archived
2250:archived
2092:archived
2058:archived
2019:5 August
1997:5 August
1966:5 August
1960:BBC News
1908:21 April
1902:archived
1834:archived
1775:archived
1617:archived
1557:Archived
1509:archived
1454:Archived
1416:archived
1328:Archived
1305:Archived
1264:, para.6
1234:20 March
1200:Archived
1160:Archived
1132:Archived
995:in 2003.
892:See also
866:Heritage
733:Delfzijl
721:Pechiney
694:Billiton
646:In 2007
617:Galtec 2
606:sterling
568:, named
352:Coal tar
332:Moerdijk
324:IJmuiden
190:IJmuiden
140:IJmuiden
3414:of the
3410:in the
2912:Sources
2722:"Segal"
2693:"SEGAL"
989:GalvPro
946:Koppers
870:SIEHO (
853:Duferco
777:Koppers
291:, and
281:Philips
238:History
151:Website
115:Defunct
105: (
97:Founded
3422:Images
3289:
3279:
3185:
3163:
3145:242409
3143:
3122:
3094:
2613:
2443:
2128:
1665:
1484:
1039:31 May
799:Sidmar
741:Klesch
737:Voerde
729:Aleris
621:Sidmar
570:Galtec
566:Sidmar
521:Hoesch
481:Velsen
201:Hoesch
3390:Corus
3238:(PDF)
3227:(PDF)
3108:, in
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