236:
42:
235:
325:. After a short period as co-emperor, Hostilian died in circumstances which are still disputed. His death is sometimes dated to November, but contemporary sources indicate that he died in or before August, probably in July.
352:, but this is unlikely given that all of his coins depict him as a beardless young boy. It's possible that both Hostilian and Herennius Etruscus were still children or teenagers at the time of their death.
309:, which made Decius and Etruscus co-emperors, with Hostilian as the heir of either or both of them. In June 251, Decius and Herennius Etruscus were killed by the
1007:
1532:
2326:
2194:
764:
1539:
263:, and one sister. His full name based on coinage and inscriptions was Gaius Valens Hostilianus Messius Quintus, but to this the historian
2386:
2162:
897:
756:
716:
920:
841:
820:
735:
697:
678:
659:
2406:
2128:
2111:
1938:
1926:
2099:
1891:
1853:
1813:
1780:
2359:
Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
2421:
2396:
2314:
2140:
1967:
1933:
1897:
1786:
728:
Gold Coins of the World - 9th edition: From
Ancient Times to the Present. An Illustrated Standard Catlaog with Valuations
1955:
1000:
2036:
1715:
1181:
348:
2416:
2411:
2346:
2302:
2280:
2231:
2118:
1909:
1678:
1020:
2253:
2221:
2046:
1226:
774:
Haas, Christopher J. (1983). "Imperial
Religious Policy and Valerian's Persecution of the Church, A.D. 257-260".
219:
was proclaimed emperor by the legions. Almost immediately, he elevated
Hostilian to co-emperor and his own son,
2263:
2216:
1763:
1410:
813:
Coining Images of Power: Patterns in the
Representation of Roman Emperors on Imperial Coinage, A.D. 193 - 284
321:
was declared emperor. To placate the public after this abrupt change of rulers, Gallus elevated
Hostilian to
2391:
2071:
2051:
1825:
1705:
993:
2341:
2320:
2226:
1016:
279:
41:
2275:
2270:
2246:
2241:
2157:
1994:
1982:
1753:
1378:
416:
331:
831:
2376:
2258:
2206:
2066:
2041:
2006:
1921:
1835:
1685:
1516:
985:
387:
2381:
2189:
2174:
2152:
2087:
2076:
2031:
1977:
1467:
1405:
1368:
427:
379:
336:
256:
198:
170:
2236:
2179:
2123:
2105:
2094:
2056:
2026:
1904:
1622:
1526:
1276:
1245:
1238:
971:
963:
947:
876:
868:
799:
791:
318:
260:
216:
208:
91:
81:
2201:
2147:
1988:
1886:
1861:
1710:
1572:
1308:
1293:
1171:
1139:
916:
908:
893:
837:
816:
760:
731:
712:
693:
674:
655:
314:
268:
212:
2331:
2308:
2211:
2184:
2169:
2135:
2061:
2021:
2011:
1736:
1663:
1633:
1496:
1451:
1446:
1318:
860:
783:
383:
375:
305:
227:. Hostilian died soon after, either due to plague or being murdered by Trebonianus Gallus.
2401:
1972:
1962:
1871:
1658:
1566:
1554:
1548:
1400:
1221:
1191:
1134:
1114:
409:
326:
275:
264:
1866:
1830:
1775:
1668:
1591:
1489:
1483:
1415:
1395:
1149:
1109:
371:
299:
244:
202:
182:
2370:
2336:
2296:
1840:
1648:
1456:
954:
880:
803:
190:
55:
2081:
1876:
1808:
1803:
1793:
1616:
1478:
1119:
283:
750:
1945:
1820:
1770:
1695:
1269:
1216:
1159:
141:
890:
Mutilation and
Transformation: Damnatio Memoriae and Roman Imperial Portraiture
2001:
1916:
1881:
1846:
1758:
1673:
1433:
1426:
1373:
1353:
1298:
1263:
1256:
1201:
1166:
1029:
977:
746:
340:
220:
95:
46:
1748:
1700:
1610:
1597:
1384:
1313:
1286:
1281:
1196:
1144:
1079:
1074:
274:
In
September 249 the army of Decius declared him emperor, in opposition to
17:
2016:
1798:
1690:
1643:
1603:
1585:
1505:
1440:
1420:
1390:
1363:
1358:
1343:
1333:
1303:
1211:
1206:
1154:
1129:
1124:
1089:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
346:
Some historians identify
Hostilian as the Roman general depicted in the
1950:
1653:
1560:
1473:
1328:
1104:
795:
367:
366:
of
Hostilian fall into four types bearing the bust of Hostilian on the
872:
851:
Salisbury, F. S.; Mattingly, H. (1924). "The Reign of Trajan Decius".
1722:
1579:
1461:
1233:
1099:
941:
362:
291:
252:
239:
194:
160:
76:
787:
864:
752:
Römische
Kaisertabelle: Grundzüge einer römischen Kaiserchronologie
726:
Friedberg, Arthur L.; Friedberg, Ira S.; Friedberg, Robert (2017).
572:
570:
1323:
1094:
1084:
1064:
533:
531:
310:
234:
148:
Imperator Caesar Gaius Valens Hostilianus Messius Quintus Augustus
1069:
1059:
909:"Child-Emperors and Heirs to Power in Third-Century Portraiture"
989:
339:
claims that he was killed by Trebonianus Gallus. Gallus's son
303:
and in May 251 Herennius Etruscus was elevated to the rank of
286:
confirmed Decius's appointment and honoured him with the name
464:
462:
460:
458:
456:
618:
518:
516:
297:
In or around September 250, Decius appointed both his sons
503:
501:
709:
Roman Women: The Women who influenced the History of Rome
255:, a Roman general who later became Emperor, and his wife
673:(illustrated, new ed.). Wipf and Stock Publishers.
587:
585:
913:
Ancient Portraits in the J. Paul Getty Museum: Volume 1
833:
Roman Imperial Titulature and Chronology, A.D. 235–284
629:
627:
602:
600:
2289:
1735:
1632:
1515:
1342:
1180:
1028:
166:
156:
140:
130:
115:
111:
101:
87:
72:
61:
54:
34:
576:
537:
278:. He defeated and killed Philip in a battle near
1001:
8:
468:
378:walking to the right; priestly implements;
1512:
1008:
994:
986:
930:
522:
251:Hostilian was born at an unknown date, to
211:, Hostilian's brother, were killed at the
31:
619:Friedberg, Friedberg & Friedberg 2017
480:
187:Gaius Valens Hostilianus Messius Quintus
136:Gaius Valens Hostilianus Messius Quintus
755:(in German) (6th ed.). Darmstadt:
650:Adkins, Lesley; Adkins, Roy A. (1998).
591:
507:
440:
671:Cyprian: His Life, His Times, His Work
561:
549:
492:
447:
127:
335:say that Hostilian died of a plague.
267:adds Perpenna or Perperna, a name of
7:
633:
606:
207:in 250 by Decius. After Decius and
201:at an unknown date and elevated to
25:
730:. Coin & Currency Institute.
690:Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire
652:Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome
40:
577:Salisbury & Mattingly 1924
538:Salisbury & Mattingly 1924
193:in 251. Hostilian was born to
1:
749:& Matthäus Heil (2017) .
669:Benson, Edward White (2004).
119:
65:
853:The Journal of Roman Studies
654:. Oxford University Press.
349:Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus
343:became the new co-emperor.
2438:
2387:3rd-century Roman emperors
2281:Constantine XI Palaiologos
2232:Andronikos III Palaiologos
2119:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
215:, an ambush by the Goths,
2357:
2254:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
2222:Andronikos II Palaiologos
2047:Constantine IX Monomachos
968:
952:
938:
933:
830:Peachin, Michael (1990).
290:, a reference to Emperor
147:
135:
126:
39:
2217:Michael VIII Palaiologos
888:Varner, Eric R. (2004).
688:Bunson, Matthew (2014).
469:Adkins & Adkins 1998
189:; died 251) was briefly
2072:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
1706:Tiberius II Constantine
811:Manders, Erika (2012).
707:Chrystal, Paul (2015).
523:Kienast, Eck & Heil
49:of Hostilian as emperor
2407:Sons of Roman emperors
2227:Michael IX Palaiologos
329:and the author of the
248:
186:
2321:Thessalonian emperors
2315:Trapezuntine emperors
2276:John VIII Palaiologos
2271:Manuel II Palaiologos
2242:John VI Kantakouzenos
2158:Andronikos I Komnenos
1995:Constantine Lekapenos
1023:and empresses regnant
836:. Amsterdam: Gieben.
417:Epitome de Caesaribus
332:Epitome de Caesaribus
238:
2422:Romans from Pannonia
2397:Deaths from smallpox
2259:John VII Palaiologos
2207:Theodore II Laskaris
2067:Constantine X Doukas
2007:Nikephoros II Phokas
907:Wood, Susan (1987).
420:(30.2) by Anonymous.
259:. He had a brother,
27:Roman emperor in 251
2190:Theodore I Laskaris
2175:Alexios III Angelos
2153:Alexios II Komnenos
2077:Romanos IV Diogenes
2032:Romanos III Argyros
1978:Romanos I Lekapenos
564:, pp. 255–256.
257:Herennia Etruscilla
199:Herennia Etruscilla
171:Herennia Etruscilla
2309:Britannic emperors
2303:Palmyrene emperors
2237:John V Palaiologos
2180:Alexios IV Angelos
2129:Constantine Doukas
2124:Alexios I Komnenos
2112:Constantine Doukas
2095:Michael VII Doukas
2057:Michael VI Bringas
1623:Romulus Augustulus
1246:Trebonianus Gallus
1239:Herennius Etruscus
1021:Byzantine emperors
972:Trebonianus Gallus
964:Trebonianus Gallus
961:Served alongside:
948:Herennius Etruscus
745:Kienast, Dietmar;
711:. Fonthill Media.
319:Trebonianus Gallus
282:, after which the
261:Herennius Etruscus
249:
217:Trebonianus Gallus
209:Herennius Etruscus
107:Trebonianus Gallus
92:Trebonianus Gallus
82:Herennius Etruscus
2417:Damnatio memoriae
2412:Illyrian emperors
2364:
2363:
2202:John III Vatatzes
2148:Manuel I Komnenos
1887:Michael I Rangabe
1731:
1730:
1573:Petronius Maximus
1172:Severus Alexander
1140:Septimius Severus
984:
983:
969:Succeeded by
766:978-3-534-26724-8
692:. Facts On File.
510:, pp. 33–34.
315:Battle of Abritus
213:Battle of Abritus
176:
175:
152:
151:
16:(Redirected from
2429:
2212:John IV Laskaris
2185:Alexios V Doukas
2170:Isaac II Angelos
2136:John II Komnenos
2062:Isaac I Komnenos
2022:Constantine VIII
2012:John I Tzimiskes
1739:Byzantine Empire
1513:
1010:
1003:
996:
987:
939:Preceded by
931:
926:
903:
884:
847:
826:
807:
770:
741:
722:
703:
684:
665:
637:
631:
622:
616:
610:
604:
595:
589:
580:
574:
565:
559:
553:
547:
541:
535:
526:
520:
511:
505:
496:
490:
484:
478:
472:
466:
451:
445:
386:seated, holding
242:of Hostilian as
128:
121:
104:
67:
44:
32:
21:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2353:
2297:Gallic emperors
2285:
1973:Constantine VII
1754:Constantine III
1741:
1738:
1727:
1636:
1628:
1567:Valentinian III
1555:Constantius III
1549:Priscus Attalus
1533:Constantine III
1519:
1511:
1401:Valerius Valens
1346:
1338:
1184:
1176:
1135:Didius Julianus
1115:Marcus Aurelius
1032:
1024:
1014:
980:
960:
958:
950:
929:
923:
906:
900:
887:
850:
844:
829:
823:
810:
788:10.2307/3166947
773:
767:
759:. p. 198.
744:
738:
725:
719:
706:
700:
687:
681:
668:
662:
649:
645:
640:
632:
625:
617:
613:
605:
598:
590:
583:
575:
568:
560:
556:
548:
544:
536:
529:
521:
514:
506:
499:
491:
487:
479:
475:
467:
454:
446:
442:
438:
433:
410:Aurelius Victor
401:
399:Primary sources
396:
358:
327:Aurelius Victor
276:Philip the Arab
265:Aurelius Victor
233:
102:
80:
68:June – July 251
50:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2435:
2433:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2392:Decian dynasty
2389:
2384:
2379:
2369:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2256:
2251:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2133:
2121:
2116:
2092:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2052:Theodora (III)
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1948:
1943:
1931:
1919:
1914:
1902:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1867:Constantine VI
1864:
1859:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1831:Theodosius III
1828:
1823:
1818:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1776:Constantine IV
1773:
1768:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1743:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1640:
1638:
1634:Eastern Empire
1630:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1619:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1595:
1588:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1564:
1557:
1552:
1545:
1529:
1523:
1521:
1517:Western Empire
1510:
1509:
1502:
1490:Magnus Maximus
1486:
1484:Valentinian II
1481:
1476:
1471:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1418:
1416:Constantius II
1413:
1411:Constantine II
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1350:
1348:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1279:
1274:
1266:
1261:
1243:
1231:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1110:Antoninus Pius
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1034:
1033:27 BC – AD 235
1026:
1025:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1005:
998:
990:
982:
981:
970:
967:
951:
940:
936:
935:
934:Regnal titles
928:
927:
921:
904:
899:978-9004135772
898:
885:
865:10.2307/296323
848:
842:
827:
821:
808:
782:(2): 133–144.
776:Church History
771:
765:
742:
736:
723:
718:978-1781552872
717:
704:
698:
685:
679:
666:
660:
646:
644:
641:
639:
638:
636:, p. 134.
623:
611:
609:, p. 126.
596:
581:
566:
554:
552:, p. 265.
542:
527:
525:, p. 198.
512:
497:
495:, p. 207.
485:
483:, p. 193.
473:
452:
450:, p. 243.
439:
437:
434:
432:
431:
421:
413:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
382:standing; and
357:
354:
232:
229:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
150:
149:
145:
144:
138:
137:
133:
132:
124:
123:
117:
113:
112:
109:
108:
105:
99:
98:
89:
85:
84:
74:
70:
69:
63:
59:
58:
52:
51:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2434:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2356:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1934:Theodora (II)
1932:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1842:
1841:Constantine V
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1826:Anastasius II
1824:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1734:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1649:Theodosius II
1647:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1457:Valentinian I
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1380:
1379:Constantine I
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1369:Constantius I
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1011:
1006:
1004:
999:
997:
992:
991:
988:
979:
976:
973:
966:
965:
957:
956:
955:Roman emperor
949:
946:
943:
937:
932:
924:
922:9780892360710
918:
914:
910:
905:
901:
895:
891:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
849:
845:
843:90-5063-034-0
839:
835:
834:
828:
824:
822:9789004189706
818:
814:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
772:
768:
762:
758:
754:
753:
748:
743:
739:
737:9780871840097
733:
729:
724:
720:
714:
710:
705:
701:
699:9781438110271
695:
691:
686:
682:
680:9781592449569
676:
672:
667:
663:
661:9780195123326
657:
653:
648:
647:
642:
635:
630:
628:
624:
621:, p. 48.
620:
615:
612:
608:
603:
601:
597:
594:, p. 18.
593:
588:
586:
582:
579:, p. 16.
578:
573:
571:
567:
563:
558:
555:
551:
546:
543:
540:, p. 15.
539:
534:
532:
528:
524:
519:
517:
513:
509:
504:
502:
498:
494:
489:
486:
482:
481:Chrystal 2015
477:
474:
471:, p. 28.
470:
465:
463:
461:
459:
457:
453:
449:
444:
441:
435:
429:
425:
424:Historia Nova
422:
419:
418:
414:
411:
407:
406:De Caesaribus
404:
403:
398:
393:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
364:
355:
353:
351:
350:
344:
342:
338:
334:
333:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
307:
302:
301:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
247:
246:
241:
237:
230:
228:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
205:
200:
196:
192:
191:Roman emperor
188:
184:
180:
172:
169:
165:
162:
159:
155:
146:
143:
139:
134:
129:
125:
118:
114:
110:
106:
100:
97:
93:
90:
86:
83:
78:
75:
71:
64:
60:
57:
56:Roman emperor
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2264:Andronikos V
2262:
2245:
2193:
2161:
2139:
2127:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2086:
2080:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1954:
1937:
1925:
1908:
1896:
1890:
1877:Nikephoros I
1852:
1851:
1845:
1812:
1809:Justinian II
1804:Tiberius III
1794:Justinian II
1785:
1779:
1762:
1714:
1686:Anastasius I
1677:
1621:
1617:Julius Nepos
1609:
1602:
1590:
1578:
1571:
1559:
1547:
1538:
1537:
1531:
1504:
1495:
1494:
1488:
1479:Theodosius I
1466:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1396:Maximinus II
1383:
1285:
1268:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1237:
1225:
1158:
1120:Lucius Verus
974:
962:
953:
944:
912:
889:
856:
852:
832:
812:
779:
775:
751:
727:
708:
689:
670:
651:
643:Bibliography
614:
592:Manders 2012
557:
545:
508:Peachin 1990
488:
476:
443:
426:(1.25.1) by
423:
415:
405:
361:
359:
347:
345:
330:
322:
304:
298:
296:
287:
284:Roman Senate
273:
250:
243:
224:
203:
178:
177:
29:
2377:230s births
2323:(1224–1242)
2317:(1204–1461)
2106:Konstantios
1983:Christopher
1956:Constantine
1946:Michael III
1927:Constantine
1910:Constantine
1892:Theophylact
1821:Philippicus
1771:Constans II
1696:Justinian I
1592:Severus III
1540:Constans II
1294:Claudius II
1270:Silbannacus
1217:Gordian III
1192:Maximinus I
1160:Diadumenian
959:251
562:Bunson 2014
550:Bunson 2014
493:Varner 2004
448:Benson 2004
370:, with the
356:Numismatics
142:Regnal name
73:Predecessor
18:Hostilianus
2382:251 deaths
2371:Categories
2100:Andronikos
2088:Nikephoros
2037:Michael IV
2002:Romanos II
1922:Theophilos
1917:Michael II
1898:Staurakios
1882:Staurakios
1854:Nikephoros
1847:Artabasdos
1759:Heraclonas
1716:Theodosius
1674:Basiliscus
1434:Nepotianus
1427:Magnentius
1421:Constans I
1374:Severus II
1354:Diocletian
1299:Quintillus
1264:Aemilianus
1257:Volusianus
1202:Gordian II
1167:Elagabalus
1030:Principate
978:Volusianus
747:Werner Eck
408:(30.2) by
394:References
341:Volusianus
221:Volusianus
103:Co-emperor
96:Volusianus
47:Sestertius
2342:Classical
2327:Empresses
2311:(286–296)
2305:(267–273)
2299:(260–274)
2042:Michael V
1968:Alexander
1781:Heraclius
1749:Heraclius
1701:Justin II
1611:Glycerius
1598:Anthemius
1468:Procopius
1406:Martinian
1385:Maxentius
1314:Florianus
1287:Saloninus
1282:Gallienus
1251:Hostilian
1227:Philip II
1197:Gordian I
1145:Caracalla
1080:Vespasian
1075:Vitellius
915:. Getty.
892:. Brill.
881:163083500
815:. Brill.
804:159885531
634:Haas 1983
607:Wood 1987
436:Citations
374:showing:
179:Hostilian
88:Successor
35:Hostilian
2337:Usurpers
2332:Augustae
2290:See also
2195:Nicholas
2017:Basil II
1814:Tiberius
1799:Leontius
1787:Tiberius
1764:Tiberius
1742:610–1453
1737:Eastern/
1691:Justin I
1644:Arcadius
1604:Olybrius
1586:Majorian
1527:Honorius
1506:Eugenius
1441:Vetranio
1391:Licinius
1364:Galerius
1359:Maximian
1344:Dominate
1334:Numerian
1304:Aurelian
1277:Valerian
1222:Philip I
1212:Balbinus
1207:Pupienus
1155:Macrinus
1130:Pertinax
1125:Commodus
1090:Domitian
1055:Claudius
1050:Caligula
1045:Tiberius
1040:Augustus
859:: 1–23.
388:Victoria
323:augustus
306:augustus
288:Traianus
271:origin.
269:Etruscan
122:July 251
2347:Eastern
2247:Matthew
2141:Alexios
1989:Stephen
1951:Basil I
1836:Leo III
1711:Maurice
1654:Marcian
1637:395–610
1561:Joannes
1520:395–480
1474:Gratian
1347:284–610
1329:Carinus
1309:Tacitus
1185:235–285
1105:Hadrian
796:3166947
428:Zosimus
380:Mercury
372:reverse
368:obverse
337:Zosimus
313:at the
300:caesars
231:History
2402:Messii
2109:&
2085:&
1992:&
1963:Leo VI
1939:Thekla
1895:&
1862:Leo IV
1784:&
1723:Phocas
1679:Marcus
1664:Leo II
1580:Avitus
1497:Victor
1462:Valens
1452:Jovian
1447:Julian
1319:Probus
1254:&
1234:Decius
1182:Crisis
1100:Trajan
942:Decius
919:
896:
879:
873:296323
871:
840:
819:
802:
794:
763:
734:
715:
696:
677:
658:
317:, and
292:Trajan
280:Verona
253:Decius
245:caesar
240:Aureus
225:caesar
204:caesar
195:Decius
167:Mother
161:Decius
157:Father
77:Decius
1905:Leo V
1872:Irene
1659:Leo I
1324:Carus
1095:Nerva
1085:Titus
1065:Galba
1017:Roman
877:S2CID
869:JSTOR
800:S2CID
792:JSTOR
363:aurei
311:Goths
223:, to
183:Latin
131:Names
62:Reign
2261:(w.
2244:(w.
2192:(w.
2163:John
2160:(w.
2138:(w.
2126:(w.
2097:(w.
2079:(w.
1980:(w.
1953:(w.
1936:(w.
1924:(w.
1907:(w.
1889:(w.
1850:(w.
1811:(w.
1778:(w.
1761:(w.
1713:(w.
1676:(w.
1669:Zeno
1536:(w.
1493:(w.
1284:(w.
1248:(w.
1236:(w.
1224:(w.
1157:(w.
1150:Geta
1070:Otho
1060:Nero
1019:and
975:and
945:and
917:ISBN
894:ISBN
838:ISBN
817:ISBN
761:ISBN
732:ISBN
713:ISBN
694:ISBN
675:ISBN
656:ISBN
384:Roma
376:Mars
360:The
197:and
116:Died
94:and
2082:Leo
2027:Zoe
1273:(?)
861:doi
784:doi
757:WBG
79:and
2373::
2103:,
1986:,
911:.
875:.
867:.
857:14
855:.
798:.
790:.
780:52
778:.
626:^
599:^
584:^
569:^
530:^
515:^
500:^
455:^
390:.
294:.
185::
120:c.
66:c.
2267:)
2250:)
2198:)
2166:)
2144:)
2132:)
2115:)
2091:)
1998:)
1959:)
1942:)
1930:)
1913:)
1901:)
1858:)
1817:)
1790:)
1767:)
1719:)
1682:)
1544:)
1501:)
1290:)
1260:)
1242:)
1230:)
1163:)
1009:e
1002:t
995:v
925:.
902:.
883:.
863::
846:.
825:.
806:.
786::
769:.
740:.
721:.
702:.
683:.
664:.
430:.
412:.
181:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
