31:
369:
472:, commanding troops from a distance but not physically engaging in the combat, rather than a commilito, who physically fought in the battle. After the news of his death reached Decius, he refused to be consoled, stating that the loss of one life was minor to a battle, and thus continued the combat, in which he was also slain. The death of Decius is similarly obscure, although it is agreed upon that he must have died either during the battle, as a
277:
491:, the governor of Moesia, as emperor. Trebonianus Gallus made peace with Cniva on humiliating terms, allowing them to keep their prisoners and spoils in order to secure peace. In order to gain popular support, Trebonianus Gallus retained Herennia Etruscilla as
432:
at the base of the Haemus Mons. The Roman forces were beaten decisively in this engagement and fled in disarray to Moesia where Decius and
Herennius Etruscus worked to reorganize them. Cniva then returned to Philippopolis, and with the help of
408:. By this time news of the invasion reached Rome, and both Decius and Herennius Etruscus traveled to repulse the Gothic invasion, although Hostilian remained in Rome. Herennius Etruscus was sent forward with a
311:, his wife. His birth date is sometimes given between 220 and 230, but there is no way to confirm this. Etruscus was probably a young boy when he was proclaimed emperor in 251, as depicted in his coins.
484:. The reserve forces of Trebonianus Gallus failed to reinforce the main army in time to save Decius and Herennius Etruscus, although whether this was due to treachery or misfortune is unknown.
444:
Decius and
Herennius Etruscus launched a counterattack in spring 251 and were initially successful in pushing back the Goths. However, Cniva set an ambush for them, in June 251, near
392:, and the other force, made up of 70,000 men, and personally led by Cniva, invaded Moesia. Cniva's forces further split into two groups; one marched to assault
460:, both Decius and Herennius Etruscus were killed. The exact circumstances of the death of Herennius Etruscus are vague. The main source for the event,
2520:
1126:
1651:
2445:
2313:
563:
1658:
464:, says only that Herennius Etruscus was killed when he "pressed the attack too boldly". Aurelius Victor specifies that he was acting as an
503:, making him co-emperor alongside Trebonianus Gallus himself. Hostilian died in November 251, either from a plague or murder, after which
2505:
2281:
2510:
487:
After the death of both Decius and
Herennius Etruscus, and much of the Roman army with them, the remaining forces immediately elected
993:
970:
951:
878:
859:
840:
821:
412:, followed by the main body of Roman forces, led by Decius. Decius and Herennius Etruscus took the Gothic forces by surprise in the
2540:
2530:
2525:
2247:
2230:
2057:
2045:
2218:
2010:
1972:
1932:
1899:
424:), and met up with his other forces at Philippopolis. Cniva then ambushed the forces of Decius and Herennius Etruscus at the
2478:
Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
2555:
2433:
2259:
2086:
2052:
2016:
1905:
413:
254:
30:
2074:
1119:
2155:
1834:
1300:
1067:
2550:
2545:
2465:
2421:
2399:
2350:
2237:
2028:
1797:
1139:
2372:
2340:
2165:
1345:
2382:
2335:
1882:
1529:
568:
2515:
2190:
2170:
1944:
1824:
1112:
2460:
2439:
2345:
1135:
1026:
2394:
2389:
2365:
2360:
2276:
2113:
2101:
1872:
1497:
533:
388:
of the Roman Empire with a huge force. They split into two columns; one column launched an assault on
2495:
2377:
2325:
2185:
2160:
2125:
2040:
1954:
1804:
1635:
1104:
434:
242:
228:
2500:
2308:
2293:
2271:
2206:
2195:
2150:
2096:
1586:
1524:
1487:
580:
544:
493:
308:
178:
2355:
2298:
2242:
2224:
2213:
2175:
2145:
2023:
1741:
1645:
1395:
1364:
1091:
1043:
930:
922:
488:
401:
385:
270:
246:
97:
2320:
2266:
2107:
2005:
1980:
1829:
1691:
1427:
1412:
1290:
1258:
989:
981:
966:
947:
893:
874:
855:
836:
817:
457:
266:
2450:
2427:
2330:
2303:
2288:
2254:
2180:
2140:
2130:
1855:
1782:
1752:
1615:
1570:
1565:
1437:
914:
421:
397:
356:
368:
2535:
2091:
2081:
1990:
1777:
1685:
1673:
1667:
1519:
1340:
1310:
1253:
1233:
1019:
539:
461:
425:
323:
276:
262:
210:
87:
334:
declared Decius emperor, and honored him with the name
Traianus, a reference to Emperor
1985:
1949:
1894:
1787:
1710:
1608:
1602:
1534:
1514:
1268:
1228:
348:
253:, followed by the main body of Roman troops, led by Decius. They ambushed Cniva at the
220:
273:, who had been governor of Moesia, was elected emperor by the remaining Roman forces.
2489:
2455:
2415:
1959:
1767:
1575:
1074:
934:
194:
69:
416:, and beat them decisively. Following the crushing defeat, Cniva retreated over the
2200:
1995:
1927:
1922:
1912:
1735:
1597:
1238:
438:
429:
362:
331:
214:
35:
322:, where he was declared emperor by his troops in September 249, in opposition to
2064:
1939:
1889:
1814:
1388:
1335:
1278:
417:
326:. He led his troops against Philip, their forces meeting in September 249, near
149:
2120:
2035:
2000:
1965:
1877:
1792:
1552:
1545:
1492:
1472:
1417:
1382:
1375:
1320:
1285:
1148:
1096:
514:
504:
269:
the following year, alongside his father. After the deaths of both emperors,
1867:
1819:
1729:
1716:
1503:
1432:
1405:
1400:
1369:
1315:
1263:
1198:
1193:
1047:
897:
467:
405:
342:
201:. His father was proclaimed emperor by his troops in September 249 while in
944:
Roman Empire at War: A Compendium of Roman
Battles from 31 B.C. to A.D. 565
213:. Decius defeated Philip in battle, and was then proclaimed emperor by the
314:
Decius became emperor after being sent to lead troops in the provinces of
2135:
1917:
1809:
1762:
1722:
1704:
1624:
1559:
1539:
1509:
1482:
1477:
1462:
1452:
1422:
1330:
1325:
1273:
1248:
1243:
1208:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
551:
478:, during the retreat from the battle, or else was slain while serving as
453:
409:
404:, the governor of Moesia and future emperor, and thus moved south, on to
315:
250:
202:
2069:
1772:
1679:
1592:
1447:
1223:
575:
449:
445:
393:
128:
963:
Coinage and
History of the Roman Empire, C. 82 B.C.--A.D. 480: History
926:
905:
Salisbury, F. S.; Mattingly, H. (1924). "The Reign of Trajan Decius".
1841:
1698:
1580:
1352:
1218:
1083:
1062:
1035:
556:
335:
327:
319:
304:
206:
198:
168:
109:
918:
892:. Razgrad, Bulgaria: Cultural and Historical Heritage Directorate.
747:
745:
156:
Imperator Caesar
Quintus Herennius Etruscus Messius Decius Augustus
1442:
1213:
1203:
1183:
389:
381:
377:
367:
238:
234:
1188:
1178:
982:"Child-Emperors and Heirs to Power in Third-Century Portraiture"
258:
1108:
871:
The
Emperor and the Army in the Later Roman Empire, AD 235–395
791:
789:
618:
616:
614:
612:
610:
720:
718:
330:, Italy. In this battle, Philip was slain, after which the
353:
in 250, and in May 251 Herennius
Etruscus was elevated to
633:
631:
303:
Quintus
Herennius Etruscus Messius Decius was the son of
261:
him, before being ambushed and routed themselves at the
986:
Ancient Portraits in the J. Paul Getty Museum: Volume 1
776:
774:
772:
681:
679:
666:
664:
662:
660:
658:
361:, making him co-emperor under Decius. He was also made
852:
Roman Military Disasters: Dark Days & Lost Legions
400:. Cniva was prevented from laying siege to Novae by
2408:
1854:
1751:
1634:
1461:
1299:
1147:
174:
164:
148:
138:
119:
115:
103:
93:
83:
75:
68:
23:
751:
649:
517:in 253, Herennia Etruscilla faded into obscurity.
341:Both Herennius Etruscus and his younger brother
307:, a Roman general who later became emperor, and
709:
1120:
513:. After Trebonianus Gallus was overthrown by
8:
622:
795:
724:
508:
498:
479:
473:
465:
354:
346:
226:
218:
217:. Etruscus, still a child, was elevated to
1631:
1127:
1113:
1105:
1008:
20:
888:Ivanov, Teofil; Stojanof, Stojan (1985).
507:, Trebonianus Gallus' son, was raised to
187:Quintus Herennius Etruscus Messius Decius
144:Quintus Herennius Etruscus Messius Decius
637:
284:, AD 250. Legend: HER. ETR. MES. DECIVS
275:
197:in 251, ruling jointly under his father
812:Adkins, Lesley; Adkins, Roy A. (1998).
594:
780:
763:
697:
685:
670:
225:(heir) in 250, then further raised to
135:
816:. New York: Oxford University Press.
564:Lucius Caecilius Firmianus Lactantius
497:(empress), and elevated Hostilian to
7:
890:Abritus, its History and Archaeology
736:
601:
285:
292:
14:
372:The Gothic invasion led by Cniva.
189:(died June 251), known simply as
49:
40:
833:Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire
814:Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome
59:
52:
38:of Etruscus as emperor. Legend:
29:
2521:Roman emperors killed in battle
441:, managed to capture the city.
233:(emperor) in May 251. When the
55:
46:
752:Salisbury & Mattingly 1924
650:Salisbury & Mattingly 1924
288:
43:
1:
965:. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn.
265:. Etruscus was killed in the
255:Battle of Nicopolis ad Istrum
123:
907:The Journal of Roman Studies
280:Antoninianus of Etruscus as
835:. New York: Facts On File.
396:, and the other marched to
2572:
2506:3rd-century Roman emperors
2400:Constantine XI Palaiologos
2351:Andronikos III Palaiologos
2238:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
869:Hebblewhite, Mark (2016).
710:Ivanov & Stojanof 1985
2511:3rd-century Roman consuls
2476:
2373:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
2341:Andronikos II Palaiologos
2166:Constantine IX Monomachos
1088:
1072:
1059:
1054:
1040:
1024:
1016:
1011:
942:Taylor, Donathan (2016).
428:, near the small town of
155:
143:
134:
28:
2336:Michael VIII Palaiologos
873:. Taylor & Francis.
831:Bunson, Matthew (2014).
623:Adkins & Adkins 1998
569:De Mortibus Persecutorum
437:, the Roman governor of
2191:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
1825:Tiberius II Constantine
961:Vagi, David L. (2000).
850:Chrystal, Paul (2015).
2541:Sons of Roman emperors
2531:Deified Roman emperors
2526:Deaths by arrow wounds
2346:Michael IX Palaiologos
509:
499:
480:
474:
466:
373:
355:
347:
295:
227:
219:
2440:Thessalonian emperors
2434:Trapezuntine emperors
2395:John VIII Palaiologos
2390:Manuel II Palaiologos
2361:John VI Kantakouzenos
2277:Andronikos I Komnenos
2114:Constantine Lekapenos
1142:and empresses regnant
534:Epitome de Caesaribus
371:
279:
249:, he was sent with a
2556:Romans from Pannonia
2378:John VII Palaiologos
2326:Theodore II Laskaris
2186:Constantine X Doukas
2126:Nikephoros II Phokas
980:Wood, Susan (1987).
435:Titus Julius Priscus
16:Roman emperor in 251
2309:Theodore I Laskaris
2294:Alexios III Angelos
2272:Alexios II Komnenos
2196:Romanos IV Diogenes
2151:Romanos III Argyros
2097:Romanos I Lekapenos
581:Epitome Historiarum
532:Anonymous in their
414:Battle of Nicopolis
309:Herennia Etruscilla
209:, in opposition to
179:Herennia Etruscilla
2428:Britannic emperors
2422:Palmyrene emperors
2356:John V Palaiologos
2299:Alexios IV Angelos
2248:Constantine Doukas
2243:Alexios I Komnenos
2231:Constantine Doukas
2214:Michael VII Doukas
2176:Michael VI Bringas
1742:Romulus Augustulus
1365:Trebonianus Gallus
1358:Herennius Etruscus
1140:Byzantine emperors
1092:Trebonianus Gallus
1055:Political offices
1044:Trebonianus Gallus
1033:Served alongside:
489:Trebonianus Gallus
402:Trebonianus Gallus
386:Danubian provinces
374:
296:
271:Trebonianus Gallus
247:Danubian provinces
191:Herennius Etruscus
98:Trebonianus Gallus
24:Herennius Etruscus
2551:Damnatio memoriae
2546:Illyrian emperors
2483:
2482:
2321:John III Vatatzes
2267:Manuel I Komnenos
2006:Michael I Rangabe
1850:
1849:
1692:Petronius Maximus
1291:Severus Alexander
1259:Septimius Severus
1103:
1102:
1089:Succeeded by
1041:Succeeded by
946:. Pen and Sword.
854:. Pen and Sword.
345:were elevated to
267:Battle of Abritus
184:
183:
160:
159:
2563:
2331:John IV Laskaris
2304:Alexios V Doukas
2289:Isaac II Angelos
2255:John II Komnenos
2181:Isaac I Komnenos
2141:Constantine VIII
2131:John I Tzimiskes
1858:Byzantine Empire
1632:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1106:
1060:Preceded by
1017:Preceded by
1009:
999:
976:
957:
938:
901:
884:
865:
846:
827:
799:
796:Hebblewhite 2016
793:
784:
778:
767:
761:
755:
749:
740:
734:
728:
725:Hebblewhite 2016
722:
713:
707:
701:
695:
689:
683:
674:
668:
653:
647:
641:
635:
626:
620:
605:
599:
512:
502:
483:
477:
471:
422:Balkan Mountains
360:
352:
294:
290:
287:
232:
224:
136:
125:
106:
62:
61:
57:
54:
51:
48:
45:
42:
33:
21:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2472:
2416:Gallic emperors
2404:
2092:Constantine VII
1873:Constantine III
1860:
1857:
1846:
1755:
1747:
1686:Valentinian III
1674:Constantius III
1668:Priscus Attalus
1652:Constantine III
1638:
1630:
1520:Valerius Valens
1465:
1457:
1303:
1295:
1254:Didius Julianus
1234:Marcus Aurelius
1151:
1143:
1133:
1099:
1095:
1080:
1078:
1070:
1066:
1050:
1046:
1032:
1030:
1022:
1020:Philip the Arab
1007:
1002:
996:
979:
973:
960:
954:
941:
904:
887:
881:
868:
862:
849:
843:
830:
824:
811:
807:
802:
794:
787:
779:
770:
762:
758:
750:
743:
735:
731:
723:
716:
708:
704:
696:
692:
684:
677:
669:
656:
648:
644:
636:
629:
621:
608:
600:
596:
592:
587:
540:Aurelius Victor
528:
523:
462:Aurelius Victor
426:Battle of Beroe
324:Philip the Arab
301:
263:Battle of Beroe
127:
104:
88:Philip the Arab
64:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2569:
2567:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2516:Decian dynasty
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2488:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2375:
2370:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2252:
2240:
2235:
2211:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2171:Theodora (III)
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2067:
2062:
2050:
2038:
2033:
2021:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1986:Constantine VI
1983:
1978:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1950:Theodosius III
1947:
1942:
1937:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1895:Constantine IV
1892:
1887:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1759:
1757:
1753:Eastern Empire
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1738:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1714:
1707:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1683:
1676:
1671:
1664:
1648:
1642:
1640:
1636:Western Empire
1629:
1628:
1621:
1609:Magnus Maximus
1605:
1603:Valentinian II
1600:
1595:
1590:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1542:
1537:
1535:Constantius II
1532:
1530:Constantine II
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1469:
1467:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1398:
1393:
1385:
1380:
1362:
1350:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1307:
1305:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1229:Antoninus Pius
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1155:
1153:
1152:27 BC – AD 235
1145:
1144:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1109:
1101:
1100:
1090:
1087:
1071:
1068:Vettius Gratus
1061:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1042:
1039:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1012:Regnal titles
1006:
1005:External links
1003:
1001:
1000:
994:
977:
971:
958:
952:
939:
919:10.2307/296323
902:
885:
879:
866:
860:
847:
841:
828:
822:
808:
806:
803:
801:
800:
785:
768:
766:, p. 266.
756:
741:
739:, p. 337.
729:
714:
702:
700:, p. 140.
690:
688:, p. 256.
675:
673:, p. 297.
654:
642:
640:, p. 193.
627:
606:
604:, p. 126.
593:
591:
588:
586:
585:
573:
561:
549:
537:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
384:, invaded the
380:, led by King
300:
297:
193:, was briefly
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
158:
157:
153:
152:
146:
145:
141:
140:
132:
131:
121:
117:
116:
113:
112:
107:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
66:
65:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2568:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2475:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2053:Theodora (II)
2051:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1961:
1960:Constantine V
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1945:Anastasius II
1943:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1768:Theodosius II
1766:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1576:Valentinian I
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1498:Constantine I
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1488:Constantius I
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1098:
1093:
1086:
1085:
1077:
1076:
1075:Roman emperor
1069:
1064:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1037:
1029:
1028:
1027:Roman Emperor
1021:
1015:
1010:
1004:
997:
995:9780892360710
991:
987:
983:
978:
974:
972:9781579583163
968:
964:
959:
955:
953:9781473869110
949:
945:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
913:(1–2): 1–23.
912:
908:
903:
899:
895:
891:
886:
882:
880:9781317034308
876:
872:
867:
863:
861:9781473873964
857:
853:
848:
844:
842:9781438110271
838:
834:
829:
825:
823:9780195123326
819:
815:
810:
809:
804:
798:, p. 32.
797:
792:
790:
786:
783:, p. 46.
782:
777:
775:
773:
769:
765:
760:
757:
754:, p. 16.
753:
748:
746:
742:
738:
733:
730:
727:, p. 24.
726:
721:
719:
715:
711:
706:
703:
699:
694:
691:
687:
682:
680:
676:
672:
667:
665:
663:
661:
659:
655:
652:, p. 15.
651:
646:
643:
639:
638:Chrystal 2015
634:
632:
628:
625:, p. 28.
624:
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
607:
603:
598:
595:
589:
583:
582:
577:
574:
571:
570:
565:
562:
559:
558:
553:
550:
547:
546:
545:De Caesaribus
541:
538:
535:
531:
530:
525:
520:
518:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
495:
490:
485:
482:
476:
470:
469:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
442:
440:
436:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
394:Philippopolis
391:
387:
383:
379:
370:
366:
364:
359:
358:
351:
350:
344:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
312:
310:
306:
298:
283:
278:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
231:
230:
223:
222:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
195:Roman emperor
192:
188:
180:
177:
173:
170:
167:
163:
154:
151:
147:
142:
137:
133:
130:
122:
118:
114:
111:
108:
102:
99:
96:
92:
89:
86:
82:
78:
74:
71:
70:Roman emperor
67:
37:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2383:Andronikos V
2381:
2364:
2312:
2280:
2258:
2246:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2205:
2199:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2073:
2056:
2044:
2027:
2015:
2009:
1996:Nikephoros I
1971:
1970:
1964:
1931:
1928:Justinian II
1923:Tiberius III
1913:Justinian II
1904:
1898:
1881:
1833:
1805:Anastasius I
1796:
1740:
1736:Julius Nepos
1728:
1721:
1709:
1697:
1690:
1678:
1666:
1657:
1656:
1650:
1623:
1614:
1613:
1607:
1598:Theodosius I
1585:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1515:Maximinus II
1502:
1404:
1387:
1374:
1368:
1357:
1356:
1344:
1277:
1239:Lucius Verus
1081:
1073:
1034:
1025:
985:
962:
943:
910:
906:
889:
870:
851:
832:
813:
805:Bibliography
759:
732:
712:, p. 1.
705:
693:
645:
597:
579:
567:
555:
543:
492:
486:
448:(modern-day
443:
376:In 249, the
375:
340:
332:Roman Senate
313:
302:
291:/ CONCORDIA
281:
190:
186:
185:
79:May–June 251
36:Antoninianus
18:
2496:220s births
2442:(1224–1242)
2436:(1204–1461)
2225:Konstantios
2102:Christopher
2075:Constantine
2065:Michael III
2046:Constantine
2029:Constantine
2011:Theophylact
1940:Philippicus
1890:Constans II
1815:Justinian I
1711:Severus III
1659:Constans II
1413:Claudius II
1389:Silbannacus
1336:Gordian III
1311:Maximinus I
1279:Diadumenian
1031:251
781:Taylor 2016
764:Bunson 2014
698:Taylor 2016
686:Bunson 2014
671:Bunson 2014
458:this battle
418:Haemus Mons
150:Regnal name
84:Predecessor
2501:251 deaths
2490:Categories
2219:Andronikos
2207:Nikephoros
2156:Michael IV
2121:Romanos II
2041:Theophilos
2036:Michael II
2017:Staurakios
2001:Staurakios
1973:Nikephoros
1966:Artabasdos
1878:Heraclonas
1835:Theodosius
1793:Basiliscus
1553:Nepotianus
1546:Magnentius
1540:Constans I
1493:Severus II
1473:Diocletian
1418:Quintillus
1383:Aemilianus
1376:Volusianus
1321:Gordian II
1286:Elagabalus
1149:Principate
1097:Volusianus
521:References
515:Aemilianus
505:Volusianus
105:Co-emperor
2461:Classical
2446:Empresses
2430:(286–296)
2424:(267–273)
2418:(260–274)
2161:Michael V
2087:Alexander
1900:Heraclius
1868:Heraclius
1820:Justin II
1730:Glycerius
1717:Anthemius
1587:Procopius
1525:Martinian
1504:Maxentius
1433:Florianus
1406:Saloninus
1401:Gallienus
1370:Hostilian
1346:Philip II
1316:Gordian I
1264:Caracalla
1199:Vespasian
1194:Vitellius
1048:Hostilian
988:. Getty.
935:163083500
737:Vagi 2000
602:Wood 1987
590:Citations
560:(18.103).
536:. (29.3).
481:imperator
475:commilito
468:imperator
406:Nicopolis
365:for 251.
343:Hostilian
94:Successor
2456:Usurpers
2451:Augustae
2409:See also
2314:Nicholas
2136:Basil II
1933:Tiberius
1918:Leontius
1906:Tiberius
1883:Tiberius
1861:610–1453
1856:Eastern/
1810:Justin I
1763:Arcadius
1723:Olybrius
1705:Majorian
1646:Honorius
1625:Eugenius
1560:Vetranio
1510:Licinius
1483:Galerius
1478:Maximian
1463:Dominate
1453:Numerian
1423:Aurelian
1396:Valerian
1341:Philip I
1331:Balbinus
1326:Pupienus
1274:Macrinus
1249:Pertinax
1244:Commodus
1209:Domitian
1174:Claudius
1169:Caligula
1164:Tiberius
1159:Augustus
898:15631456
584:(12.20).
552:Jordanes
510:Augustus
500:Augustus
454:Bulgaria
410:vanguard
357:Augustus
316:Pannonia
257:in 250,
251:vanguard
237:, under
229:Augustus
203:Pannonia
126:June 251
2466:Eastern
2366:Matthew
2260:Alexios
2108:Stephen
2070:Basil I
1955:Leo III
1830:Maurice
1773:Marcian
1756:395–610
1680:Joannes
1639:395–480
1593:Gratian
1466:284–610
1448:Carinus
1428:Tacitus
1304:235–285
1224:Hadrian
578:in his
576:Zonaras
566:in his
554:in his
548:(29.5).
542:in his
526:Primary
494:Augusta
450:Razgrad
446:Abritus
349:caesars
259:routing
243:invaded
129:Abritus
2536:Messii
2228:&
2204:&
2111:&
2082:Leo VI
2058:Thekla
2014:&
1981:Leo IV
1903:&
1842:Phocas
1798:Marcus
1783:Leo II
1699:Avitus
1616:Victor
1581:Valens
1571:Jovian
1566:Julian
1438:Probus
1373:&
1353:Decius
1301:Crisis
1219:Trajan
1084:Decius
1063:Decius
1036:Decius
992:
969:
950:
933:
927:296323
925:
896:
877:
858:
839:
820:
557:Getica
456:). In
439:Thrace
430:Beroca
363:consul
336:Trajan
328:Verona
320:Moesia
305:Decius
282:Caesar
221:Caesar
215:Senate
211:Philip
207:Moesia
199:Decius
175:Mother
169:Decius
165:Father
110:Decius
58:decio
2024:Leo V
1991:Irene
1778:Leo I
1443:Carus
1214:Nerva
1204:Titus
1184:Galba
1136:Roman
1082:with
931:S2CID
923:JSTOR
398:Novae
390:Dacia
382:Cniva
378:Goths
239:Cniva
235:Goths
139:Names
76:Reign
2380:(w.
2363:(w.
2311:(w.
2282:John
2279:(w.
2257:(w.
2245:(w.
2216:(w.
2198:(w.
2099:(w.
2072:(w.
2055:(w.
2043:(w.
2026:(w.
2008:(w.
1969:(w.
1930:(w.
1897:(w.
1880:(w.
1832:(w.
1795:(w.
1788:Zeno
1655:(w.
1612:(w.
1403:(w.
1367:(w.
1355:(w.
1343:(w.
1276:(w.
1269:Geta
1189:Otho
1179:Nero
1138:and
990:ISBN
967:ISBN
948:ISBN
894:OCLC
875:ISBN
856:ISBN
837:ISBN
818:ISBN
572:(4).
318:and
299:Life
293:AUGG
245:the
205:and
120:Died
2201:Leo
2146:Zoe
1392:(?)
1079:251
915:doi
286:NOB
60:aug
56:mes
53:etr
50:her
41:imp
2492::
2222:,
2105:,
984:.
929:.
921:.
911:14
909:.
788:^
771:^
744:^
717:^
678:^
657:^
630:^
609:^
452:,
338:.
241:,
124:c.
2386:)
2369:)
2317:)
2285:)
2263:)
2251:)
2234:)
2210:)
2117:)
2078:)
2061:)
2049:)
2032:)
2020:)
1977:)
1936:)
1909:)
1886:)
1838:)
1801:)
1663:)
1620:)
1409:)
1379:)
1361:)
1349:)
1282:)
1128:e
1121:t
1114:v
1094:,
1065:,
998:.
975:.
956:.
937:.
917::
900:.
883:.
864:.
845:.
826:.
420:(
289:C
63:.
47:q
44:c
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
