551:
559:
543:
84:
6544:
40:
6554:
6534:
3620:
351:
957:, at 48 or 49 known copies, a relatively common (though extremely valuable) edition. Counting extant incunabula is complicated by the fact that most libraries consider a single volume of a multi-volume work as a separate item, as well as fragments or copies lacking more than half the total leaves. A complete incunable may consist of a slip, or up to ten volumes.
76:
234:, which remains the convention in modern bibliographical scholarship. This convenient but arbitrary end-date for identifying a printed book as an incunable does not reflect changes in the printing process, and many books printed for some years after 1500 are visually indistinguishable from incunables. The term "
513:
for identifying a printed book as an incunable is convenient but was chosen arbitrarily; it does not reflect any notable developments in the printing process around the year 1500. Books printed for a number of years after 1500 continued to look much like incunables, with the notable exception of the
573:
The number of printing towns and cities stands at 282. These are situated in some 18 countries in terms of present-day boundaries. In descending order of the number of editions printed in each, these are: Italy, Germany, France, Netherlands, Switzerland, Spain, Belgium, England, Austria, the Czech
505:
Many incunabula are undated, needing complex bibliographical analysis to place them correctly. The post-incunabula period marks a time of development during which the printed book evolved fully as a mature artefact with a standard format. After about 1540 books tended to conform to a template that
3244:
According to
Bettina Wagner: "Das Second-Life der Wiegendrucke. Die Inkunabelsammlung der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek", in Griebel, Rolf; Ceynowa, Klaus (eds.): "Information, Innovation, Inspiration. 450 Jahre Bayerische Staatsbibliothek", K G Saur, Munich 2008,
5903:
577:
The following table shows the 20 main 15th century printing locations; as with all data in this section, exact figures are given, but should be treated as close estimates (the total editions recorded in ISTC at August 2016 is 30,518):
238:" is now used to refer to books printed after 1500 up to 1520 or 1540, without general agreement. From around this period the dating of any edition becomes easier, as the practice of printing the place and year of publication using a
6455:
5433:
4880:
953:("Liber Chronicarum") of 1493, with about 1,250 surviving copies (which is also the most heavily illustrated). Many incunabula are unique, but on average about 18 copies survive of each. This makes the
5899:
79:
Illumination with doodles and drawings (marginalia), including an open-mouthed human profile, with multiple tongues sticking out. Copulata, "De Anima", f. 2a. HMD Collection, WZ 230 M772c 1485
994:, and the latter appears to possess less than 2,000 copies, about 97.75% remain north of the equator. However, many incunabula are sold at auction or through the rare book trade every year.
5630:
3654:, consulted in 2007. The figures are subject to slight change as new copies are reported. Exact figures are given but should be treated as close estimates; they refer to extant editions.
5884:
3458:, , Coloniae Agrippinae, apud Ioannem Kinchium, 1640 (in frontispiece: 1639), p. 9, line 16. The term appears within a long passage of several pages (pp. 27–33; corresponding to
144:
known. The probable number of surviving individual copies is much higher, estimated at 125,000 in
Germany alone. Through statistical analysis, it is estimated that the number of
990:
Apart from migration to mainly North
American and Japanese universities, there has been little movement of incunabula in the last five centuries. None were printed in the
5388:
4884:
2810:
2673:
5867:
2362:
4499:
4721:
5936:
2901:
1406:
4359:
1360:
4296:
4274:
4025:
1010:
now records over 29,000 titles, of which around 27,400 are incunabula editions (not all unique works). Studies of incunabula began in the 17th century.
1026:—a checklist of incunabula arranged alphabetically by author: "Hain numbers" are still a reference point. Hain was expanded in subsequent editions, by
5907:
3139:
3117:
1886:
1725:
1608:
4381:
5154:
5637:
4051:
2123:
1560:
1471:
3585:
5795:
4335:
4174:
4085:
3556:
3250:
3206:
2247:
5881:
4620:
2223:
5698:
1223:
3168:
2486:
2053:
1493:
1129:
118:
4455:
2357:
6502:
2648:
3977:
287:
to cities both in the North and in Italy ensured that there was great variety in the texts and the styles which appeared. Many early
5734:
4594:
3595:
2335:
506:
included the author, title-page, date, seller, and place of printing. This makes it much easier to identify any particular edition.
5176:
526:
is sometimes used to refer to books printed "after 1500—how long after, the experts have not yet agreed." For books printed in the
4547:
6316:
4208:
2269:
1700:
1049:
1007:
567:
185:", which could metaphorically refer to "the earliest stages or first traces in the development". A former term for incunable is
5982:
5576:
3235:(retrieved 16 August 2021) gives 30,518 editions, though this includes some which have been re-dated to the early 16th century.
2388:
6423:
4429:
3386:
2879:
2417:
1036:
2513:
88:
Image of two facing pages from "Phisicorum", fols. 57b and 58a, with doodles and drawings. HMD Collection, WZ 230 M772c 1485
2291:
227:
came to denote printed books themselves in the late 17th century. It is not found in
English before the mid-19th century.
5836:
4407:
3647:
3262:
J. Green, F. McIntyre, P. Needham (2011), "The Shape of
Incunable Survival and Statistical Estimation of Lost Editions",
3228:
2412:
2178:
1840:
1336:
113:
that was printed in the earliest stages of printing in Europe, up to the year 1500. Incunabula were produced before the
5616:
5496:
5352:
4928:
4324:
First supplement to James E. Walsh's
Catalogue of the fifteenth-century printed books in the Harvard University Library
6326:
5770:
3832:
3051:
1654:
31:
3880:
2508:
2441:
4764:
4503:
3808:
6331:
6144:
4029:
3784:
3736:
3095:
3029:
3009:
2987:
2965:
2923:
2830:
2559:
1862:
1770:
1515:
1199:
1041:
1018:(1729–1805) arranged printed material chronologically in annals format, and in the first half of the 19th century,
987:, which together with 128 fragments makes 656 in total, though many are broadsides or very imperfect (incomplete).
5220:
4677:
3664:
338:
inherited from the medieval tradition formed the bulk of the earliest printed works, but as books became cheaper,
5712:
3856:
3760:
3688:
3451:
3351:
2781:
2604:
2076:
1748:
1177:
403:
211:
165:
4230:
3712:
6311:
5410:
3929:
2786:
1980:
1792:
1453:
5096:
2715:
2154:
2149:
1912:
1676:
4300:
574:
Republic, Portugal, Poland, Sweden, Denmark, Turkey, Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, and
Hungary (see diagram).
6113:
5532:
3356:
2099:
1985:
1015:
6578:
6196:
6037:
5827:
5785:
5510:
4385:
4123:
3378:
2031:
1614:
1319:
1081:
148:
is at least 20,000. Around 550,000 copies of around 27,500 different works have been preserved worldwide.
4101:
2626:
210:" ("in the first infancy of the typographic art"). The term has sometimes been incorrectly attributed to
6482:
6413:
6108:
5636:(in German). Universitätsbibliothek der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz. 2017. p. 43. Archived from
4003:
1958:
1631:
1582:
1292:
1031:
1027:
239:
5242:
5110:
4994:
3073:
2758:
4525:
4166:
550:
6213:
6069:
4477:
4252:
3253:, pp. 207–224 (207f.) the Incunabula Short Title Catalogue lists 30,375 titles published before 1501.
2855:
1659:
1537:
1426:
1384:
965:
308:
110:
4972:
6583:
6054:
5975:
5876:
5438:
4800:
2945:
2537:
2137:
1935:
1816:
1270:
991:
949:
910:
494:
486:
389:
126:
6553:
5916:
5676:
4572:
3601:
6519:
6428:
5892:
4655:
2695:
2582:
2313:
1448:
1314:
930:
427:
145:
5460:
4950:
5857:
5132:
5074:
3199:
ABC of bookbinding: a unique glossary with over 700 illustrations for collectors and librarians
258:, printed from a single carved or sculpted wooden block for each page (the same process as the
6397:
6228:
6032:
5791:
5374:
5286:
4341:
4331:
4170:
4081:
3591:
3552:
3246:
3202:
2737:
2463:
1045:
926:
423:
415:
133:
from the same time period as incunabula, whereas others limit the term to works printed using
52:
5748:
4186:
3364:
6588:
6537:
6497:
6465:
6296:
5198:
4327:
3546:
3434:
3425:
Glomski, J. (2001). "Incunabula
Typographiae: seventeenth-century views on early printing".
3405:
3345:
3173:
2009:
1275:
1247:
1204:
1011:
969:
914:
894:
886:
874:
475:
394:
363:
197:
44:
4616:
3462:, pp. 253–58), set in italics to indicate a quotation, and attributed to Junius.
558:
542:
6508:
6291:
6286:
6218:
6208:
5930:
5888:
5840:
3981:
3651:
3232:
3222:
3178:
1604:
1154:
1104:
1034:, but it is being superseded by the authoritative modern listing, a German catalogue, the
1003:
954:
922:
918:
906:
890:
878:
870:
443:
376:
5787:
Incunabula and Their
Readers - Printing, Selling and Using Books in the Fifteenth Century
5662:
5554:
5264:
1636:
5868:
Grand Valley State
University Incunabula & 16th Century Printing digital collections
5845:
4906:
3590:(8th ed.). New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Press and the British Library. p. 172.
6547:
6514:
6440:
6355:
6350:
6321:
6301:
6134:
6049:
5968:
5677:"Glasgow Incunabula Project: A Catalogue of Fifteenth-century Printed Books in Glasgow"
5308:
3412:, , , ex officina Plantiniana, apud Franciscum Raphelengium, 1588, p. 256, line 3.
3382:
2200:
984:
902:
898:
882:
527:
519:
459:
451:
408:
398:
384:
300:
277:
141:
114:
5474:
3278:
220:("On the rise and progress of the typographic art"; 1640), but he was quoting Junius.
83:
6572:
6445:
6253:
6223:
6171:
2369:
2205:
435:
357:
157:
5580:
5030:
4145:
39:
6557:
6418:
6166:
6151:
6081:
6064:
5330:
3548:
The Book Triumphant: Print in Transition in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
3201:. New Castle (Del.) Nottingham (GB): Oak Knoll press The Plough press. p. 37.
1159:
467:
319:
273:
134:
5872:
4433:
3473:
2678:
1730:
869:
The 18 languages that incunabula are printed in, in descending order, are: Latin,
4641:
3619:
3318:
is never found in Latin, and is no longer used in English by most bibliographers.
6360:
6270:
6181:
6156:
6118:
6103:
6022:
6015:
6005:
5945:
3144:
2081:
1753:
1019:
515:
304:
296:
130:
122:
60:
5631:"Universitätsbibliothek der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz: Jahresbericht 2017"
4699:
4167:Выставочный проект На благое просвещение: Румянцевский музей, Московский период
3522:, ed. M. F. Suarez and H. R. Woudhuysen, OUP, 2010, s.v. 'Incunabulum', p. 815.
6435:
6306:
6139:
6076:
6010:
5833:
4742:
3904:
3644:
3495:
3438:
3225:
3056:
2296:
2128:
1681:
1389:
686:
431:
339:
331:
268:
255:
243:
196:
was first used in the context of printing by the Dutch physician and humanist
64:
5904:
Ecole Nationale Superieure des Sciences de l'information et des Bibliotheques
5715:. Bridwell Library, Perkins School of Theology, Southern Methodist University
3955:
6450:
6380:
6201:
6191:
6098:
6091:
6086:
5434:"Walters Art Museum highlights the bumpy road of publishing, post-Gutenberg"
5052:
4822:
4345:
4078:Путеводитель по фондам Отдела редких книг Российской национальной библиотеки
3474:"Le baptême inconscient de l'incunable: non pas 1640 mais 1569 au plus tard"
2542:
2161:
2105:
2058:
1845:
1341:
1230:
961:
936:
Only about one edition in ten (i.e. just over 3,000) has any illustrations,
712:
490:
350:
342:
works (or translations into vernaculars of standard works) began to appear.
204:(written in 1569; published posthumously in 1588). He referred to a period "
178:
4233:(in Italian). Ministero per i beni e le attività culturali e per il turismo
2446:
1542:
4597:(in German). Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
303:'s, and, particularly in Italy, types modelled on handwritten scripts and
17:
6460:
6372:
6365:
6263:
6236:
6176:
6160:
6044:
5113:(in Italian). Biblioteca Nazionale Universitaria di Torino. 19 April 2013
3100:
3034:
2520:
2274:
2228:
1498:
1040:, which has been under way since 1925 and is still being compiled at the
941:
751:
725:
673:
530:, the term generally covers 1501–1520, and for books printed in mainland
439:
419:
288:
284:
182:
5862:
5811:
5602:
5008:
4844:
3290:
As late as 1891 Rogers in his technical glossary recorded only the form
299:
scripts, but there were also some derived from documentary scripts like
6258:
6248:
6241:
6027:
4866:
4825:(in French). Les Dominicains – Bibliothèque patrimoniale Jacques Chirac
2992:
2970:
2906:
2884:
2862:
2793:
2587:
2183:
2014:
1963:
1893:
1867:
1587:
1520:
937:
777:
764:
660:
634:
479:
323:
315:
292:
259:
75:
68:
4384:(in Italian). Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze. Archived from
6470:
5033:(in Italian). Biblioteca nazionale centrale di Roma. 23 December 2016
3122:
2835:
2763:
2720:
2395:
2318:
1992:
1823:
1707:
1565:
1476:
1431:
1367:
1297:
1252:
1182:
1109:
1086:
977:
973:
842:
816:
595:
531:
463:
455:
327:
3933:
4786:
6492:
6475:
6390:
6385:
6186:
4953:(in French). Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire de Strasbourg
3078:
2609:
2424:
2340:
1940:
1797:
1775:
1136:
829:
790:
738:
699:
608:
557:
549:
541:
447:
372:
349:
335:
169:
82:
74:
56:
38:
5929:
3267:
6487:
5991:
4702:(in German). Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg
2928:
2655:
2564:
2036:
647:
621:
125:, which are documents written by hand. Some authorities on the
5964:
67:, and ownership stamps of the "Bibliotheca Gymnasii Altonani" (
5135:(in German). Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
3456:
De ortu ac progressu artis typographicae dissertatio historica
803:
4680:(in Italian). Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana. 22 November 2010
4382:"La Biblioteca – Informazioni generali – Patrimonio librario"
1055:
Notable collections with more than 1,000 incunabula include:
280:. Many authors reserve the term "incunabula" for the latter.
5535:. Rare Book & Manuscript Library, University of Illinois
983:
ISTC at present cites 528 extant copies of books printed by
4432:. Biblioteka Jagiellońska. 31 December 2009. Archived from
4189:. The Huntington Library, Art Museum, and Botanical Gardens
4575:(in Spanish). Biblioteca Nacional de España. 11 March 2011
4573:"Biblioteca Nacional de España – Colecciones – Incunables"
5353:"Catalogo alfabetico per autore degli Incunaboli - INDEX"
200:(Adriaen de Jonghe, 1511–1575), in a passage in his work
5960:
5413:(in German). Universitätsbibliothek Eichstätt-Ingolstadt
4500:"Herzog August Library – Inkunabeln -Bestandsgeschichte"
4231:"Biblioteca nazionale di Napoli "Vittorio Emanuele III""
466:. The first incunable to have woodcut illustrations was
334:
who formed their major customer base. Standard works in
5265:"Collections, University Archives, Provenance Research"
4299:(in German). Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin. Archived from
314:
Printers congregated in urban centres where there were
140:
As of 2021, there are about 30,000 distinct incunable
5011:(in German). Universitätsbibliothek Erlangen-Nürnberg
4931:(in German). Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Tirol
3533:
A Heavenly Craft: the Woodcut in Early Printed Books,
5475:"Fifteenth Century Printed Books at Bryn Mawr (BMC)"
5311:(in German). Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn
6406:
6340:
6279:
6127:
5998:
5699:"Official Website of University Library of Bologna"
5579:(in Spanish). Institución Colombina. Archived from
4803:(in German). Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln
2136:2,120 (circa) (7,000 destroyed by fire in the 1870
1048:and a worldwide union catalogue is provided by the
411:with important illustrations by an unknown artist.
355:First incunable with illustrations, Ulrich Boner's
3344:
5940:. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). pp. 369–370.
2358:Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
30:"Incunabula" redirects here. For other uses, see
5223:. Royal Canonry of Premonstratensians at Strahov
5179:(in Italian). Biblioteca Universitaria di Padova
4787:"Official Website of Braidense National Library"
4430:"The Jagiellonian University Library Collection"
4057:. Österreichische Nationalbibliothek. p. 53
3264:Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America
2386:
4211:. Cambridge University Library. 10 October 2018
3300:(2nd ed.). London: H. Grevel. p. 195.
566:The data in this section were derived from the
254:There are two types of printed incunabula: the
5906:, Institut d'histoire du livre. Archived from
5461:"Official Website of Verona Municipal Library"
5077:(in German). Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg
4076:А.В. Лихоманова; Н.В. Николаев, eds. (2015).
980:, 18 12mos, 230 16mos, 20 32mos, and 3 64mos.
5976:
4275:"Guide to Special Collections: Printed books"
2853:
2245:
1884:
1814:
1698:
1358:
493:, printed in 1444–1446, possibly assigned to
230:Junius set an end-date of 1500 to his era of
8:
5917:"Rinascimento: Manuscripts & Incunabula"
5713:"Incunabula: Printing in Europe before 1501"
5391:(in French). Bibliothèque municipale de Lyon
4909:(in German). Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen
4146:"Rare Books and Special Collections: Europe"
3632:
3545:Walsby, Malcolm; Kemp, Graeme, eds. (2011).
3390:
2646:
2484:
1910:
1221:
1127:
4410:(in German). Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig
2674:Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt
1407:John Rylands Research Institute and Library
215:
205:
172:
5983:
5969:
5961:
5245:(in French). Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève
4187:"Early Printed Books and Printing History"
3571:
3420:
3418:
2811:University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
1361:Biblioteca Nazionale Vittorio Emanuele III
1057:
964:, the 30,000-odd editions comprise: 2,000
5900:"Introduction to the study of incunabula"
5375:"Official Website of Trivulziana Library"
5355:(in Italian). University Library of Genoa
5221:"Concise history of the monastic library"
4867:"Official Website of Casanatense Library"
3833:"Index: Place of Publication: Strassburg"
3401:
3399:
3118:National and University Library in Zagreb
1609:Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
1044:. North American holdings were listed by
5882:Digital facsimiles of several incunabula
5751:(in German). Stiftsbibliothek St. Gallen
5603:"Official Website of Queriniana Library"
5513:(in German). Ratsschulbibliothek Zwickau
4881:"Incunables (printed works, until 1501)"
4745:. Biblioteca comunale dell'Archiginnasio
4458:. Universitätsbibliothek der LMU München
4362:. National Library of the Czech Republic
4126:. Bodleian Library, University of Oxford
3881:"Index: Place of Publication: Nuremberg"
3377:"Fifteener" was coined by bibliographer
580:
217:De ortu ac progressu artis typographicae
109:, respectively) is a book, pamphlet, or
5863:UIUC Rare Book & Manuscript Library
5577:"Incunables de la Biblioteca Colombina"
5557:(in Polish). National Library of Poland
3809:"Index: Place of Publication: Augsburg"
3189:
2902:Central Library of the Region of Sicily
947:The "commonest" incunable is Schedel's
189:, meaning "fifteenth-century edition".
5289:(in German). Badische Landesbibliothek
4642:"Official Website of Palatina Library"
4277:. The University of Manchester Library
3785:"Index: Place of Publication: Leipzig"
3737:"Index: Place of Publication: Cologne"
3584:Carter, John; Barker, Nicolas (2004).
3314:is a neuter plural only; the singular
1887:Biblioteca comunale dell'Archiginnasio
1726:Göttingen State and University Library
1561:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
1472:National Library of the Czech Republic
5201:(in German). Zentralbibliothek Zürich
5097:"Official Website of Estense Library"
4975:(in German). Stadtbibliothek Nürnberg
4548:"Old Prints Department - Collections"
3665:"Index: Place of Publication: Venice"
3339:
3337:
3266:105 (2), pp. 141–175. doi:
2248:Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma
2102:(Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek)
7:
3857:"Index: Place of Publication: Milan"
3761:"Index: Place of Publication: Lyons"
3689:"Index: Place of Publication: Paris"
3496:"incunabula | printing | Britannica"
3365:participating institution membership
1494:National Central Library of Florence
383:of 1486, printed and illustrated by
63:initial letter "U" and decorations,
5075:"Heidelberger Inkunabeln – digital"
4526:"The University Library in figures"
4104:. Württembergische Landesbibliothek
4080:. Санкт-Петербург: РНБ. p. 3.
3713:"Index: Place of Publication: Rome"
3169:Global spread of the printing press
3140:Bibliothèque municipale de Besançon
2054:National Library of the Netherlands
562:Incunabula distribution by language
371:Famous incunabula include two from
214:(1591–1664), in his Latin pamphlet
27:Works printed in Europe before 1501
5828:Centre for the History of the Book
4767:(in French). Bibliothèque Mazarine
4006:. Bibliothèque nationale de France
2413:Biblioteca Universitaria di Padova
414:Other printers of incunabula were
25:
5923:. US: Harvard University Library.
5912:(Includes annotated bibliography)
5771:"Official Website of the Library"
5735:"Official Website of the Library"
5663:"Official Website of the Library"
5617:"Official Website of the Library"
5497:"Official Website of the Library"
5432:Roger Catlin (14 November 2014).
5267:(in German). Universität Salzburg
5157:. Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal
4995:"Official Website of the Library"
4528:. Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg
4456:"Historic collections in figures"
4124:"Rare Books in Western Languages"
4028:. Vatican Library. Archived from
3980:. British Library. Archived from
2336:Turin National University Library
1224:Württembergische Landesbibliothek
554:Incunabula distribution by region
295:or derived from various European
6552:
6543:
6542:
6532:
5834:Incunabula Short Title Catalogue
5411:"Historische Drucke (1450–1830)"
5333:(in Italian). Biblioteca Augusta
3885:Incunabula Short Title Catalogue
3861:Incunabula Short Title Catalogue
3837:Incunabula Short Title Catalogue
3813:Incunabula Short Title Catalogue
3789:Incunabula Short Title Catalogue
3765:Incunabula Short Title Catalogue
3741:Incunabula Short Title Catalogue
3717:Incunabula Short Title Catalogue
3693:Incunabula Short Title Catalogue
3669:Incunabula Short Title Catalogue
3618:
3226:Incunabula Short Title Catalogue
2224:University of Erlangen–Nuremberg
1130:Bibliothèque nationale de France
1050:Incunabula Short Title Catalogue
1008:Incunabula Short Title Catalogue
568:Incunabula Short-Title Catalogue
272:, made by individual cast-metal
6533:
5946:"An Introduction to Incunabula"
4621:Universitätsbibliothek Würzburg
4595:"Inkunabeln und Seltene Drucke"
3905:"What Are Incunables? - YTread"
2649:Bibliothèque municipale de Lyon
2509:Universitätsbibliothek Salzburg
2389:Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal
2124:National and University Library
5847:Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke
4929:"Inkunabeln & Blockbücher"
4700:"Handschriften und Inkunabeln"
4617:"Die Inkunabelsammlung der UB"
4478:"The State Library in Numbers"
3296:Rogers, Walter Thomas (1891).
3268:https://doi.org/10.1086/680773
1037:Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke
514:small format books printed in
381:Peregrinatio in terram sanctam
51:, printed in red and black by
1:
5858:History of Incunabula Studies
3958:. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek
2988:University Library in Bologna
2487:Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève
2292:Heidelberg University Library
1701:Biblioteca Nacional de España
207:inter prima artis incunabula
59:, 1471). The page exhibits a
6456:Conservation and restoration
5853:), partially English version
5055:. National Széchényi Library
3520:Oxford Companion to the Book
1841:Frankfurt University Library
1337:Cambridge University Library
590:% of ISTC recorded editions
5928:Pollard, Alfred W. (1911).
4907:"Inkunabeln (Wiegendrucke)"
4502:(in German). Archived from
3535:New York, 2004, p. 48.
3052:Abbey library of Saint Gall
2782:Ratsschulbibliothek Zwickau
2605:University Library in Genoa
1655:University Library Freiburg
1024:Repertorium bibliographicum
119:widespread on the continent
32:Incunabula (disambiguation)
6605:
5832:British Library worldwide
4722:"The Incunable Collection"
3327:C. T. Lewis and C. Short,
3279:Badische Landes-Bibliothek
3096:National Library of Serbia
2924:University of Graz Library
2831:National Library of Poland
2560:University Library of Bonn
2314:Estense University Library
2270:National Széchényi Library
1936:Braidense National Library
1863:Uppsala University Library
1677:Wrocław University Library
1516:Leipzig University Library
1200:National Library of Russia
1042:Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
485:A finding in 2015 brought
49:Facta et dicta memorabilia
29:
6528:
5784:Jensen, Kristian (2003).
5533:"Distinctive Collections"
4322:Whitesell, David (2006).
3352:Oxford English Dictionary
3197:Greenfield, Jane (2002).
2854:
2647:
2485:
2387:
2246:
1981:Les Dominicains de Colmar
1911:
1885:
1815:
1699:
1359:
1222:
1178:Austrian National Library
1128:
404:Hypnerotomachia Poliphili
212:Bernhard von Mallinckrodt
5898:Kristian Jensen (2016).
5891:from the website of the
5133:"Historische Sammlungen"
4077:
3633:Carter & Barker 2004
3391:Carter & Barker 2004
3298:A Manual of Bibliography
2743:Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
2716:Verona Municipal Library
2442:Zentralbibliothek Zürich
2150:Nuremberg Public Library
1793:Basel University Library
1622:3,525 (all collections)
1454:Cambridge, Massachusetts
246:became more widespread.
6114:Collection (publishing)
6038:Illuminated manuscripts
5937:Encyclopædia Britannica
5679:. University of Glasgow
5477:. Tri-College Libraries
4480:. Bamberg State Library
3587:ABC for Book Collectors
3551:. Brill. p. viii.
3531:Daniel De Simone (ed),
3439:10.1093/library/2.4.336
3357:Oxford University Press
3030:Library Passerini Landi
2100:University of Innsbruck
291:were modelled on local
5199:"Alte Drucke und Rara"
4255:. Royal Danish Library
3572:Walsby & Kemp 2011
3452:Bernardus a Mallinkrot
3379:Thomas Frognall Dibdin
3331:, Oxford 1879, p. 930.
2077:University of Tübingen
1749:University of Würzburg
1615:New Haven, Connecticut
1320:San Marino, California
1082:Bavarian State Library
563:
555:
547:
368:
216:
206:
173:
121:and are distinct from
90:
80:
72:
6483:Intellectual property
6109:Volume (bibliography)
5839:12 March 2011 at the
5287:"Inkunabeln: Bestand"
5177:"Storia e patrimonio"
5053:"Early Printed Books"
4845:"History of the Book"
4678:"Patrimonio librario"
4658:(in German). UB Basel
4148:. Library of Congress
3978:"Early Printed Books"
3650:12 March 2011 at the
3472:Sordet, Yann (2009).
3381:, a term endorsed by
3231:12 March 2011 at the
2966:University of Glasgow
1959:University of Cologne
1913:Bibliothèque Mazarine
1632:Herzog August Library
1583:Bamberg State Library
1293:Russian State Library
1016:Georg Wolfgang Panzer
561:
553:
545:
353:
86:
78:
42:
5910:on 27 November 2017.
5873:Incunable Collection
5389:"La BmL en chiffres"
4883:. KB. Archived from
4506:on 15 September 2015
4326:. Cambridge, Mass.:
4102:"WLB in Zahlen 2021"
4052:"2021 Jahresbericht"
2856:Biblioteca Colombina
2700:Baltimore, Maryland
1660:Freiburg im Breisgau
1538:Jagiellonian Library
1427:Berlin State Library
1385:Danish Royal Library
509:As noted above, the
497:in Avignon, France.
5887:8 June 2017 at the
5877:Library of Congress
5790:. British Library.
5439:The Washington Post
4297:"Zahlen und Fakten"
3984:on 23 December 2019
3936:on 18 November 2021
3607:on 21 November 2017
3355:(Online ed.).
2627:Trivulziana Library
2538:Baden State Library
2138:Siege of Strasbourg
2032:Casanatense Library
1817:Biblioteca Marciana
1271:Library of Congress
1073:Number of editions
992:Southern Hemisphere
950:Nuremberg Chronicle
495:Procopius Waldvogel
390:Nuremberg Chronicle
127:history of printing
6520:World Book Capital
5931:"Incunabula"
5893:Linda Hall Library
5643:on 18 January 2021
5583:on 23 January 2021
4303:on 19 January 2021
3500:www.britannica.com
3478:Gutenberg Jahrbuch
3329:A Latin Dictionary
3042:1,000 (more than)
3020:1,000 (more than)
2880:Queriniana Library
2821:1,200 (more than)
2749:1,225 (more than)
2696:Walters Art Museum
2583:Biblioteca Augusta
2475:1,500 (more than)
2348:1,600 (more than)
2282:1,800 (more than)
2236:2,000 (more than)
2213:2,000 (more than)
2179:Library Angelo Mai
2022:2,200 (more than)
1805:3,000 (more than)
1689:3,250 (more than)
1449:Harvard University
1349:4,650 (more than)
1327:5,000 (more than)
1315:Huntington Library
1170:5,400 (more than)
1032:Dietrich Reichling
1028:Walter A. Copinger
564:
556:
548:
522:in 1501. The term
491:extensive research
487:evidence of quires
428:Heinrich Eggestein
369:
91:
81:
73:
6566:
6565:
6398:Coffee table book
6229:Bookworm (insect)
5812:"British Library"
5797:978-0-7123-4769-3
5243:"Nos collections"
4823:"Les collections"
4337:978-0-674-02145-7
4175:978-5-85759-308-0
4087:978-5-8192-0483-2
3558:978-90-04-20723-3
3363:(Subscription or
3251:978-3-598-11772-5
3208:978-1-884718-41-0
3160:
3159:
3074:Library Intronati
2815:Urbana, Illinois
2759:Library Teresiana
2738:Bryn Mawr College
2464:Strahov Monastery
1070:Number of copies
1046:Frederick R. Goff
998:Major collections
867:
866:
424:Johannes Mentelin
401:in 1493; and the
156:Incunable is the
16:(Redirected from
6596:
6556:
6546:
6545:
6536:
6535:
6466:History of books
5985:
5978:
5971:
5962:
5957:
5955:
5953:
5941:
5933:
5924:
5911:
5816:
5815:
5808:
5802:
5801:
5781:
5775:
5774:
5767:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5756:
5745:
5739:
5738:
5731:
5725:
5724:
5722:
5720:
5709:
5703:
5702:
5695:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5684:
5673:
5667:
5666:
5659:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5642:
5635:
5627:
5621:
5620:
5613:
5607:
5606:
5599:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5588:
5573:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5562:
5551:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5540:
5529:
5523:
5522:
5520:
5518:
5507:
5501:
5500:
5493:
5487:
5486:
5484:
5482:
5471:
5465:
5464:
5457:
5451:
5450:
5448:
5446:
5429:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5418:
5407:
5401:
5400:
5398:
5396:
5385:
5379:
5378:
5371:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5360:
5349:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5338:
5327:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5316:
5305:
5299:
5298:
5296:
5294:
5283:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5272:
5261:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5250:
5239:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5228:
5217:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5206:
5195:
5189:
5188:
5186:
5184:
5173:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5162:
5151:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5140:
5129:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5118:
5107:
5101:
5100:
5093:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5082:
5071:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5049:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5038:
5027:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5016:
5005:
4999:
4998:
4991:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4980:
4969:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4958:
4951:"Les incunables"
4947:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4936:
4925:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4914:
4903:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4892:
4887:on 15 April 2021
4877:
4871:
4870:
4863:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4852:
4841:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4819:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4797:
4791:
4790:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4772:
4761:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4750:
4739:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4728:
4718:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4707:
4696:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4674:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4652:
4646:
4645:
4638:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4569:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4558:
4544:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4522:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4496:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4474:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4426:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4404:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4378:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4330:. p. xiii.
4328:Houghton Library
4319:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4271:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4249:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4238:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4216:
4205:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4183:
4177:
4169:, Индрик, 2005,
4164:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4120:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4073:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4056:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4026:"All catalogues"
4022:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4004:"Les Incunables"
4000:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3974:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3932:. Archived from
3926:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3757:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3661:
3655:
3642:
3636:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3606:
3600:. Archived from
3581:
3575:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3542:
3536:
3529:
3523:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3469:
3463:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3422:
3413:
3406:Hadrianus Iunius
3403:
3394:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3360:
3348:
3346:"incunabula, n."
3341:
3332:
3325:
3319:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3288:
3282:
3276:
3270:
3260:
3254:
3242:
3236:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3194:
3174:History of books
3010:Bridwell Library
2946:Angelica Library
2859:
2858:
2790:
2652:
2651:
2517:
2490:
2489:
2421:
2392:
2391:
2366:
2251:
2250:
2158:
2010:Newberry Library
1989:
1916:
1915:
1890:
1889:
1820:
1819:
1771:Palatina Library
1704:
1703:
1364:
1363:
1276:Washington, D.C.
1248:Bodleian Library
1227:
1226:
1205:Saint Petersburg
1133:
1132:
1058:
1014:(1667–1747) and
1012:Michel Maittaire
581:
538:Statistical data
489:, as claimed by
476:Albrecht Pfister
458:and London, and
395:Hartmann Schedel
379:of 1455 and the
364:Albrecht Pfister
269:typographic book
219:
209:
198:Hadrianus Junius
176:
45:Valerius Maximus
21:
6604:
6603:
6599:
6598:
6597:
6595:
6594:
6593:
6569:
6568:
6567:
6562:
6524:
6509:The Philobiblon
6402:
6336:
6275:
6123:
6070:limited edition
5994:
5989:
5951:
5949:
5944:
5927:
5921:Research Guides
5915:
5897:
5889:Wayback Machine
5841:Wayback Machine
5824:
5819:
5810:
5809:
5805:
5798:
5783:
5782:
5778:
5769:
5768:
5764:
5754:
5752:
5747:
5746:
5742:
5733:
5732:
5728:
5718:
5716:
5711:
5710:
5706:
5697:
5696:
5692:
5682:
5680:
5675:
5674:
5670:
5661:
5660:
5656:
5646:
5644:
5640:
5633:
5629:
5628:
5624:
5615:
5614:
5610:
5601:
5600:
5596:
5586:
5584:
5575:
5574:
5570:
5560:
5558:
5553:
5552:
5548:
5538:
5536:
5531:
5530:
5526:
5516:
5514:
5509:
5508:
5504:
5495:
5494:
5490:
5480:
5478:
5473:
5472:
5468:
5459:
5458:
5454:
5444:
5442:
5431:
5430:
5426:
5416:
5414:
5409:
5408:
5404:
5394:
5392:
5387:
5386:
5382:
5373:
5372:
5368:
5358:
5356:
5351:
5350:
5346:
5336:
5334:
5329:
5328:
5324:
5314:
5312:
5307:
5306:
5302:
5292:
5290:
5285:
5284:
5280:
5270:
5268:
5263:
5262:
5258:
5248:
5246:
5241:
5240:
5236:
5226:
5224:
5219:
5218:
5214:
5204:
5202:
5197:
5196:
5192:
5182:
5180:
5175:
5174:
5170:
5160:
5158:
5153:
5152:
5148:
5138:
5136:
5131:
5130:
5126:
5116:
5114:
5109:
5108:
5104:
5095:
5094:
5090:
5080:
5078:
5073:
5072:
5068:
5058:
5056:
5051:
5050:
5046:
5036:
5034:
5029:
5028:
5024:
5014:
5012:
5007:
5006:
5002:
4993:
4992:
4988:
4978:
4976:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4956:
4954:
4949:
4948:
4944:
4934:
4932:
4927:
4926:
4922:
4912:
4910:
4905:
4904:
4900:
4890:
4888:
4879:
4878:
4874:
4865:
4864:
4860:
4850:
4848:
4843:
4842:
4838:
4828:
4826:
4821:
4820:
4816:
4806:
4804:
4799:
4798:
4794:
4785:
4784:
4780:
4770:
4768:
4763:
4762:
4758:
4748:
4746:
4741:
4740:
4736:
4726:
4724:
4720:
4719:
4715:
4705:
4703:
4698:
4697:
4693:
4683:
4681:
4676:
4675:
4671:
4661:
4659:
4654:
4653:
4649:
4640:
4639:
4635:
4625:
4623:
4615:
4614:
4610:
4600:
4598:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4578:
4576:
4571:
4570:
4566:
4556:
4554:
4546:
4545:
4541:
4531:
4529:
4524:
4523:
4519:
4509:
4507:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4483:
4481:
4476:
4475:
4471:
4461:
4459:
4454:
4453:
4449:
4439:
4437:
4428:
4427:
4423:
4413:
4411:
4406:
4405:
4401:
4391:
4389:
4388:on 18 July 2011
4380:
4379:
4375:
4365:
4363:
4358:
4357:
4353:
4338:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4306:
4304:
4295:
4294:
4290:
4280:
4278:
4273:
4272:
4268:
4258:
4256:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4236:
4234:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4214:
4212:
4207:
4206:
4202:
4192:
4190:
4185:
4184:
4180:
4165:
4161:
4151:
4149:
4144:
4143:
4139:
4129:
4127:
4122:
4121:
4117:
4107:
4105:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4088:
4079:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4049:
4045:
4035:
4033:
4032:on 16 June 2013
4024:
4023:
4019:
4009:
4007:
4002:
4001:
3997:
3987:
3985:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3961:
3959:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3939:
3937:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3913:
3911:
3909:youtuberead.com
3903:
3902:
3898:
3889:
3887:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3865:
3863:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3841:
3839:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3817:
3815:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3793:
3791:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3769:
3767:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3745:
3743:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3721:
3719:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3697:
3695:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3673:
3671:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3652:Wayback Machine
3643:
3639:
3631:
3627:
3617:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3598:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3574:, p. viii.
3570:
3566:
3559:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3530:
3526:
3518:
3514:
3504:
3502:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3450:
3446:
3424:
3423:
3416:
3404:
3397:
3393:, p. 130).
3376:
3372:
3362:
3343:
3342:
3335:
3326:
3322:
3309:
3305:
3295:
3289:
3285:
3277:
3273:
3261:
3257:
3243:
3239:
3233:Wayback Machine
3223:British Library
3220:
3216:
3209:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3179:Book collecting
3165:
2784:
2672:Library of the
2511:
2472:Czech Republic
2415:
2360:
2222:Library of the
2152:
2098:Library of the
2075:Library of the
1983:
1957:Library of the
1747:Library of the
1605:Yale University
1559:Library of the
1481:Czech Republic
1155:Vatican Library
1105:British Library
1004:British Library
1000:
955:Gutenberg Bible
933:(see diagram).
907:Church Slavonic
587:No. of editions
540:
503:
444:Johann Amerbach
397:and printed by
377:Gutenberg Bible
367:
366:, Bamberg, 1461
348:
346:Famous examples
262:in art, called
252:
177:, which meant "
154:
89:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6602:
6600:
6592:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6571:
6570:
6564:
6563:
6561:
6560:
6550:
6540:
6529:
6526:
6525:
6523:
6522:
6517:
6515:World Book Day
6512:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6479:
6478:
6473:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6441:Book packaging
6438:
6433:
6432:
6431:
6426:
6416:
6410:
6408:
6404:
6403:
6401:
6400:
6395:
6394:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6375:
6370:
6369:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6344:
6342:
6338:
6337:
6335:
6334:
6329:
6327:United Kingdom
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6283:
6281:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6273:
6268:
6267:
6266:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6245:
6244:
6239:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6205:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6154:
6149:
6148:
6147:
6137:
6131:
6129:
6125:
6124:
6122:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6095:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6074:
6073:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6042:
6041:
6040:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6019:
6018:
6008:
6002:
6000:
5996:
5995:
5990:
5988:
5987:
5980:
5973:
5965:
5959:
5958:
5948:. Barber, Phil
5942:
5925:
5913:
5895:
5879:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5843:
5830:
5823:
5822:External links
5820:
5818:
5817:
5803:
5796:
5776:
5762:
5740:
5726:
5704:
5690:
5668:
5654:
5622:
5608:
5594:
5568:
5546:
5524:
5502:
5488:
5466:
5452:
5424:
5402:
5380:
5366:
5344:
5322:
5300:
5278:
5256:
5234:
5212:
5190:
5168:
5146:
5124:
5102:
5088:
5066:
5044:
5022:
5000:
4986:
4964:
4942:
4920:
4898:
4872:
4858:
4847:. The Newberry
4836:
4814:
4792:
4778:
4756:
4734:
4713:
4691:
4669:
4647:
4633:
4608:
4586:
4564:
4552:bu.uni.wroc.pl
4539:
4517:
4491:
4469:
4447:
4436:on 7 June 2011
4421:
4399:
4373:
4351:
4336:
4314:
4288:
4266:
4244:
4222:
4200:
4178:
4159:
4137:
4115:
4093:
4086:
4068:
4043:
4017:
3995:
3969:
3947:
3921:
3896:
3872:
3848:
3824:
3800:
3776:
3752:
3728:
3704:
3680:
3656:
3637:
3635:, p. 172.
3625:
3596:
3576:
3564:
3557:
3537:
3524:
3512:
3487:
3464:
3444:
3414:
3395:
3387:Robert Proctor
3383:William Morris
3370:
3333:
3320:
3303:
3283:
3271:
3255:
3237:
3214:
3207:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3152:1,000 (circa)
3150:
3147:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3130:1,000 (circa)
3128:
3125:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3108:1,000 (circa)
3106:
3103:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3086:1,000 (circa)
3084:
3081:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3014:Dallas, Texas
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2860:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2791:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2676:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2653:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2518:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2422:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2393:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2367:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2226:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2203:
2201:Morgan Library
2197:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2159:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2134:
2131:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2103:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2079:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1990:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1901:2,500 (circa)
1899:
1896:
1891:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1821:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1751:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1705:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1612:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1563:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1365:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1228:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1134:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1022:published the
999:
996:
865:
864:
861:
858:
852:
851:
848:
845:
839:
838:
835:
832:
826:
825:
822:
819:
813:
812:
809:
806:
800:
799:
796:
793:
787:
786:
783:
780:
774:
773:
770:
767:
761:
760:
757:
754:
748:
747:
744:
741:
735:
734:
731:
728:
722:
721:
718:
715:
709:
708:
705:
702:
696:
695:
692:
689:
683:
682:
679:
676:
670:
669:
666:
663:
657:
656:
653:
650:
644:
643:
640:
637:
631:
630:
627:
624:
618:
617:
614:
611:
605:
604:
601:
598:
592:
591:
588:
585:
546:Printing towns
539:
536:
524:post-incunable
520:Aldus Manutius
518:introduced by
502:
501:Post-incunable
499:
460:Nicolas Jenson
452:William Caxton
416:Günther Zainer
409:Aldus Manutius
399:Anton Koberger
385:Erhard Reuwich
354:
347:
344:
283:The spread of
278:printing press
251:
248:
236:post-incunable
181:clothes", or "
153:
150:
115:printing press
87:
53:Peter Schöffer
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6601:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6579:Books by type
6577:
6576:
6574:
6559:
6555:
6551:
6549:
6541:
6539:
6531:
6530:
6527:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6510:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6468:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6446:Book swapping
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6421:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6411:
6409:
6405:
6399:
6396:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6378:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6348:
6346:
6345:
6343:
6339:
6333:
6332:United States
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6284:
6282:
6278:
6272:
6269:
6265:
6262:
6261:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6254:Print culture
6252:
6250:
6247:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6234:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6184:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6172:Bibliotherapy
6170:
6168:
6165:
6162:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6146:
6143:
6142:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6132:
6130:
6126:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6079:
6078:
6075:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6047:
6046:
6043:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6017:
6014:
6013:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6003:
6001:
5997:
5993:
5986:
5981:
5979:
5974:
5972:
5967:
5966:
5963:
5947:
5943:
5939:
5938:
5932:
5926:
5922:
5918:
5914:
5909:
5905:
5901:
5896:
5894:
5890:
5886:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5852:
5848:
5844:
5842:
5838:
5835:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5825:
5821:
5813:
5807:
5804:
5799:
5793:
5789:
5788:
5780:
5777:
5772:
5766:
5763:
5750:
5744:
5741:
5736:
5730:
5727:
5714:
5708:
5705:
5700:
5694:
5691:
5678:
5672:
5669:
5664:
5658:
5655:
5639:
5632:
5626:
5623:
5618:
5612:
5609:
5604:
5598:
5595:
5582:
5578:
5572:
5569:
5556:
5550:
5547:
5534:
5528:
5525:
5512:
5506:
5503:
5498:
5492:
5489:
5476:
5470:
5467:
5462:
5456:
5453:
5441:
5440:
5435:
5428:
5425:
5412:
5406:
5403:
5390:
5384:
5381:
5376:
5370:
5367:
5354:
5348:
5345:
5332:
5326:
5323:
5310:
5304:
5301:
5288:
5282:
5279:
5266:
5260:
5257:
5244:
5238:
5235:
5222:
5216:
5213:
5200:
5194:
5191:
5178:
5172:
5169:
5156:
5150:
5147:
5134:
5128:
5125:
5112:
5106:
5103:
5098:
5092:
5089:
5076:
5070:
5067:
5054:
5048:
5045:
5032:
5026:
5023:
5010:
5004:
5001:
4996:
4990:
4987:
4974:
4968:
4965:
4952:
4946:
4943:
4930:
4924:
4921:
4908:
4902:
4899:
4886:
4882:
4876:
4873:
4868:
4862:
4859:
4846:
4840:
4837:
4824:
4818:
4815:
4802:
4796:
4793:
4788:
4782:
4779:
4766:
4760:
4757:
4744:
4743:"COLLECTIONS"
4738:
4735:
4723:
4717:
4714:
4701:
4695:
4692:
4679:
4673:
4670:
4657:
4656:"Alte Drucke"
4651:
4648:
4643:
4637:
4634:
4622:
4618:
4612:
4609:
4596:
4590:
4587:
4574:
4568:
4565:
4553:
4549:
4543:
4540:
4527:
4521:
4518:
4505:
4501:
4495:
4492:
4479:
4473:
4470:
4457:
4451:
4448:
4435:
4431:
4425:
4422:
4409:
4403:
4400:
4387:
4383:
4377:
4374:
4361:
4355:
4352:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4318:
4315:
4302:
4298:
4292:
4289:
4276:
4270:
4267:
4254:
4248:
4245:
4232:
4226:
4223:
4210:
4204:
4201:
4188:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4163:
4160:
4147:
4141:
4138:
4125:
4119:
4116:
4103:
4097:
4094:
4089:
4083:
4072:
4069:
4053:
4047:
4044:
4031:
4027:
4021:
4018:
4005:
3999:
3996:
3983:
3979:
3973:
3970:
3957:
3951:
3948:
3935:
3931:
3925:
3922:
3910:
3906:
3900:
3897:
3886:
3882:
3876:
3873:
3862:
3858:
3852:
3849:
3838:
3834:
3828:
3825:
3814:
3810:
3804:
3801:
3790:
3786:
3780:
3777:
3766:
3762:
3756:
3753:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3729:
3718:
3714:
3708:
3705:
3694:
3690:
3684:
3681:
3670:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3629:
3626:
3621:
3603:
3599:
3597:1-58456-112-2
3593:
3589:
3588:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3568:
3565:
3560:
3554:
3550:
3549:
3541:
3538:
3534:
3528:
3525:
3521:
3516:
3513:
3501:
3497:
3491:
3488:
3483:
3480:(in French).
3479:
3475:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3448:
3445:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3374:
3371:
3366:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3347:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3324:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3307:
3304:
3299:
3293:
3287:
3284:
3280:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3241:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3218:
3215:
3210:
3204:
3200:
3193:
3190:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3162:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2857:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2650:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2370:Halle (Saale)
2368:
2364:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1164:Vatican City
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
997:
995:
993:
988:
986:
981:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
958:
956:
952:
951:
945:
943:
939:
934:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
862:
859:
857:
854:
853:
849:
846:
844:
841:
840:
836:
833:
831:
828:
827:
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
810:
807:
805:
802:
801:
797:
794:
792:
789:
788:
784:
781:
779:
776:
775:
771:
768:
766:
763:
762:
758:
755:
753:
750:
749:
745:
742:
740:
737:
736:
732:
729:
727:
724:
723:
719:
716:
714:
711:
710:
706:
703:
701:
698:
697:
693:
690:
688:
685:
684:
680:
677:
675:
672:
671:
667:
664:
662:
659:
658:
654:
651:
649:
646:
645:
641:
638:
636:
633:
632:
628:
625:
623:
620:
619:
615:
612:
610:
607:
606:
602:
599:
597:
594:
593:
589:
586:
583:
582:
579:
575:
571:
569:
560:
552:
544:
537:
535:
534:, 1501–1540.
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
512:
507:
500:
498:
496:
492:
488:
483:
481:
477:
474:, printed by
473:
472:Der Edelstein
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
436:Heinrich Gran
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
412:
410:
406:
405:
400:
396:
392:
391:
386:
382:
378:
374:
365:
361:
359:
358:Der Edelstein
352:
345:
343:
341:
337:
333:
332:professionals
329:
325:
321:
320:ecclesiastics
317:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
281:
279:
275:
271:
270:
265:
261:
257:
249:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
228:
226:
221:
218:
213:
208:
203:
199:
195:
190:
188:
184:
180:
175:
171:
167:
166:reconstructed
163:
159:
151:
149:
147:
146:lost editions
143:
138:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
85:
77:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
6507:
6503:Preservation
6419:Book burning
6414:Banned books
6167:Bibliophilia
6152:Bibliography
6082:advance copy
6065:instant book
6059:
6033:Illustration
6016:dust jackets
5950:. Retrieved
5935:
5920:
5908:the original
5850:
5846:
5806:
5786:
5779:
5765:
5753:. Retrieved
5743:
5729:
5717:. Retrieved
5707:
5693:
5681:. Retrieved
5671:
5657:
5645:. Retrieved
5638:the original
5625:
5611:
5597:
5585:. Retrieved
5581:the original
5571:
5559:. Retrieved
5555:"Starodruki"
5549:
5537:. Retrieved
5527:
5515:. Retrieved
5505:
5491:
5479:. Retrieved
5469:
5455:
5443:. Retrieved
5437:
5427:
5415:. Retrieved
5405:
5393:. Retrieved
5383:
5369:
5357:. Retrieved
5347:
5335:. Retrieved
5325:
5313:. Retrieved
5309:"Inkunabeln"
5303:
5291:. Retrieved
5281:
5269:. Retrieved
5259:
5247:. Retrieved
5237:
5225:. Retrieved
5215:
5203:. Retrieved
5193:
5181:. Retrieved
5171:
5159:. Retrieved
5155:"Incunabula"
5149:
5137:. Retrieved
5127:
5115:. Retrieved
5111:"Incunaboli"
5105:
5091:
5079:. Retrieved
5069:
5057:. Retrieved
5047:
5035:. Retrieved
5031:"Collezioni"
5025:
5013:. Retrieved
5009:"Inkunabeln"
5003:
4989:
4977:. Retrieved
4973:"Inkunabeln"
4967:
4955:. Retrieved
4945:
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4923:
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4901:
4889:. Retrieved
4885:the original
4875:
4861:
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4839:
4827:. Retrieved
4817:
4805:. Retrieved
4801:"Inkunabeln"
4795:
4781:
4769:. Retrieved
4765:"Incunables"
4759:
4747:. Retrieved
4737:
4725:. Retrieved
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4434:the original
4424:
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4402:
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4386:the original
4376:
4364:. Retrieved
4360:"Incunabula"
4354:
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4317:
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4301:the original
4291:
4279:. Retrieved
4269:
4257:. Retrieved
4253:"Rare Books"
4247:
4235:. Retrieved
4225:
4213:. Retrieved
4209:"Incunabula"
4203:
4191:. Retrieved
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4046:
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4030:the original
4020:
4008:. Retrieved
3998:
3986:. Retrieved
3982:the original
3972:
3960:. Retrieved
3956:"Incunabula"
3950:
3938:. Retrieved
3934:the original
3924:
3912:. Retrieved
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3602:the original
3586:
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3499:
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3192:
3061:Switzerland
2451:Switzerland
2063:Netherlands
1802:Switzerland
1637:Wolfenbüttel
1160:Vatican City
1054:
1035:
1023:
1001:
989:
982:
960:In terms of
959:
948:
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584:Town or city
576:
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510:
508:
504:
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471:
468:Ulrich Boner
413:
402:
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276:pieces on a
274:movable type
267:
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168:singular of
161:
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135:movable type
106:
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92:
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6436:Book curses
6312:Netherlands
6182:Bookselling
6157:Bibliomania
6140:Bestsellers
6128:Consumption
6119:Book series
6104:Typesetting
5755:3 September
5749:"Recherche"
5647:4 September
5587:3 September
5517:3 September
5481:3 September
5445:3 September
5417:3 September
5395:3 September
5315:3 September
5293:3 September
5271:4 September
5205:3 September
5161:4 September
5139:3 September
5117:3 September
5081:3 September
5059:3 September
5037:3 September
5015:3 September
4979:3 September
4935:3 September
4913:3 September
4891:3 September
4851:4 September
4829:4 September
4807:3 September
4771:4 September
4749:4 September
4727:4 September
4706:3 September
4684:3 September
4662:3 September
4626:3 September
4601:3 September
4579:3 September
4532:3 September
4510:3 September
4484:3 September
4462:3 September
4414:3 September
4237:3 September
4193:3 September
4152:3 September
4010:7 September
3427:The Library
3316:incunabulum
3292:incunabulum
3281:(in German)
2785: [
2512: [
2416: [
2361: [
2153: [
1984: [
1411:Manchester
1020:Ludwig Hain
889:, English,
516:italic type
407:printed by
393:written by
362:printed by
305:calligraphy
266:); and the
264:xylographic
162:incunabulum
152:Terminology
131:block books
123:manuscripts
99:incunabulum
6584:Incunabula
6573:Categories
6381:audiobooks
6280:By country
6233:Furniture
6224:Digitizing
6219:Collecting
6209:Censorship
6192:book towns
6077:Publishing
6060:incunabula
5999:Production
5875:at the US
5719:12 January
5683:12 January
5539:12 January
5511:"Bestände"
5249:12 January
4557:18 January
4366:18 January
4307:18 January
4281:12 January
4259:12 January
4215:18 January
4130:18 January
4108:18 January
4061:18 January
3988:18 January
3962:18 January
3890:3 December
3866:3 December
3842:3 December
3818:3 December
3794:3 December
3770:3 December
3746:3 December
3722:3 December
3698:3 December
3674:3 December
3505:26 October
3484:: 102–105.
3433:(4): 336.
3367:required.)
3312:incunabula
3185:References
3057:St. Gallen
2297:Heidelberg
2129:Strasbourg
1390:Copenhagen
966:broadsides
911:Portuguese
687:Strasbourg
432:Strasbourg
340:vernacular
256:block book
244:title page
242:or on the
232:incunabula
225:incunabula
194:incunabula
174:incunabula
158:anglicised
107:incunabula
103:incunables
65:marginalia
61:rubricated
43:Page from
18:Incunables
6451:Book tour
6424:incidents
6356:miniature
6351:fictional
6237:bookcases
6177:Bookmarks
6092:paperback
6087:hardcover
5359:5 January
5337:5 January
5331:"Augusta"
4957:9 January
3310:The word
2679:Eichstätt
2543:Karlsruhe
2400:Portugal
2162:Nuremberg
2106:Innsbruck
2059:The Hague
1846:Frankfurt
1731:Göttingen
1342:Cambridge
1231:Stuttgart
1064:Location
972:, 15,000
942:metalcuts
931:Sardinian
713:Nuremberg
482:in 1461.
309:humanists
289:typefaces
223:The term
192:The term
187:fifteener
179:swaddling
111:broadside
95:incunable
6548:Category
6461:Dog ears
6377:Formats
6373:Grimoire
6366:textbook
6317:Pakistan
6264:literacy
6242:bookends
6161:tsundoku
6045:Printing
5902:. Lyon:
5885:Archived
5837:Archived
5183:9 August
4408:"DRUCKE"
4346:71691077
3648:Archived
3229:Archived
3163:See also
3145:Besançon
3127:Croatia
3101:Belgrade
3035:Piacenza
2933:Austria
2798:Germany
2740:Library
2683:Germany
2569:Germany
2547:Germany
2525:Austria
2521:Salzburg
2466:Library
2374:Germany
2301:Germany
2279:Hungary
2275:Budapest
2233:Germany
2229:Erlangen
2206:New York
2166:Germany
2110:Austria
2086:Germany
2082:Tübingen
1968:Germany
1850:Germany
1758:Germany
1754:Würzburg
1735:Germany
1664:Germany
1641:Germany
1592:Germany
1570:Germany
1525:Germany
1499:Florence
1436:Germany
1394:Denmark
1235:Germany
1187:Austria
1091:Germany
1067:Country
1061:Library
976:, 3,000
968:, 9,000
938:woodcuts
752:Deventer
726:Florence
674:Augsburg
570:(ISTC).
511:end date
440:Haguenau
420:Augsburg
316:scholars
307:used by
285:printing
240:colophon
160:form of
142:editions
129:include
101:(plural
6589:Writing
6538:Outline
6498:Outline
6407:Related
6347:Genres
6297:Germany
6271:Reviews
6259:Reading
6249:Library
6197:history
6055:history
6050:edition
6028:Editing
6006:Binding
5561:14 June
4440:7 March
4392:7 March
3914:2 April
3460:Batavia
3410:Batavia
3149:France
3105:Serbia
2993:Bologna
2971:Glasgow
2907:Palermo
2885:Brescia
2863:Seville
2840:Poland
2794:Zwickau
2660:France
2588:Perugia
2496:France
2469:Prague
2184:Bergamo
2133:France
2015:Chicago
1997:France
1964:Cologne
1922:France
1894:Bologna
1872:Sweden
1868:Uppsala
1686:Poland
1682:Wrocław
1588:Bamberg
1547:Poland
1521:Leipzig
1302:Russia
1209:Russia
1144:12,000
1141:France
1120:10,390
1117:12,500
1094:19,717
978:octavos
974:quartos
927:Frisian
915:Swedish
895:Catalan
887:Spanish
875:Italian
778:Antwerp
765:Bologna
661:Leipzig
635:Cologne
480:Bamberg
324:lawyers
293:writing
260:woodcut
202:Batavia
117:became
69:Hamburg
6558:Portal
6471:scroll
6386:Ebooks
6361:pop-up
6292:France
6287:Brazil
6187:blurbs
6135:Awards
6023:Design
6011:Covers
5952:6 July
5794:
5227:16 May
4344:
4334:
4173:
4084:
4036:21 May
3940:16 May
3930:"ISTC"
3611:28 May
3594:
3555:
3249:
3205:
3123:Zagreb
3083:Italy
3064:1,000
3039:Italy
3000:1,021
2997:Italy
2978:1,062
2956:1,100
2953:Italy
2936:1,115
2914:1,136
2911:Italy
2892:1,158
2889:Italy
2870:1,194
2867:Spain
2846:1,031
2843:1,198
2836:Warsaw
2801:1,200
2774:1,083
2771:1,281
2768:Italy
2764:Mantua
2728:1,230
2725:Italy
2721:Verona
2706:1,280
2686:1,290
2663:1,300
2637:1,300
2634:Italy
2631:Milan
2617:1,321
2614:Italy
2595:1,330
2592:Italy
2575:1,307
2572:1,338
2550:1,365
2528:1,385
2499:1,500
2493:Paris
2454:1,562
2447:Zürich
2432:1,583
2429:Italy
2403:1,597
2396:Lisbon
2377:1,600
2345:Italy
2326:1,662
2323:Italy
2319:Modena
2304:1,800
2260:2,000
2257:Italy
2191:2,100
2188:Italy
2169:2,100
2116:1,889
2113:2,122
2089:2,148
2066:2,200
2044:2,200
2041:Italy
2000:2,300
1993:Colmar
1971:2,350
1948:2,368
1945:Italy
1928:2,120
1925:2,400
1919:Paris
1898:Italy
1875:2,500
1853:2,800
1831:2,887
1828:Italy
1824:Venice
1783:3,042
1780:Italy
1761:3,100
1738:3,100
1718:2,298
1715:3,159
1712:Spain
1708:Madrid
1667:3,448
1647:2,835
1644:3,477
1595:3,550
1573:3,598
1566:Munich
1550:3,671
1543:Kraków
1528:3,800
1506:4,089
1503:Italy
1484:4,200
1477:Prague
1464:3,627
1461:4,389
1439:4,496
1432:Berlin
1417:4,500
1397:4,500
1375:4,563
1372:Italy
1368:Naples
1305:5,360
1298:Moscow
1283:5,700
1263:5,623
1260:6,755
1253:Oxford
1238:7,093
1212:7,302
1190:8,030
1183:Vienna
1167:8,600
1147:8,000
1110:London
1097:9,381
1087:Munich
985:Caxton
970:folios
962:format
923:Danish
919:Breton
891:Hebrew
879:French
871:German
860:22,024
843:Naples
817:Speyer
596:Venice
532:Europe
464:Venice
456:Bruges
387:; the
375:, the
328:nobles
326:, and
301:Caxton
297:Gothic
183:cradle
6493:Novel
6476:codex
6391:Folio
6341:Other
6322:Spain
6307:Japan
6302:Italy
6214:Clubs
5992:Books
5641:(PDF)
5634:(PDF)
4055:(PDF)
3645:BL.uk
3605:(PDF)
3361:
3079:Siena
2950:Rome
2789:]
2610:Genoa
2516:]
2425:Padua
2420:]
2365:]
2341:Turin
2254:Rome
2157:]
1988:]
1941:Milan
1798:Basel
1776:Parma
1137:Paris
1076:Ref.
903:Greek
899:Czech
883:Dutch
863:77.6
856:TOTAL
830:Pavia
791:Mainz
739:Basel
717:1,051
704:1,101
700:Milan
691:1,158
678:1,219
665:1,337
652:1,364
639:1,530
626:1,922
613:2,764
609:Paris
603:12.5
600:3,549
448:Basel
373:Mainz
336:Latin
250:Types
170:Latin
57:Mainz
6488:ISBN
6429:Nazi
6202:used
6145:list
6099:Size
5954:2017
5792:ISBN
5757:2020
5721:2021
5685:2021
5649:2020
5589:2020
5563:2024
5541:2021
5519:2020
5483:2020
5447:2020
5419:2020
5397:2020
5361:2024
5339:2024
5317:2020
5295:2020
5273:2020
5251:2021
5229:2014
5207:2020
5185:2022
5163:2020
5141:2020
5119:2020
5083:2020
5061:2020
5039:2020
5017:2020
4981:2020
4959:2020
4937:2020
4915:2020
4893:2020
4853:2020
4831:2020
4809:2020
4773:2020
4751:2020
4729:2020
4708:2020
4686:2020
4664:2020
4628:2020
4603:2020
4581:2020
4559:2023
4534:2020
4512:2020
4486:2020
4464:2020
4442:2011
4416:2020
4394:2011
4368:2023
4342:OCLC
4332:ISBN
4309:2023
4283:2021
4261:2021
4239:2020
4217:2023
4195:2020
4171:ISBN
4154:2020
4132:2023
4110:2023
4082:ISBN
4063:2023
4038:2013
4012:2013
3990:2023
3964:2023
3942:2009
3916:2023
3892:2017
3868:2017
3844:2017
3820:2017
3796:2017
3772:2017
3748:2017
3724:2017
3700:2017
3676:2017
3613:2010
3592:ISBN
3553:ISBN
3507:2022
3385:and
3247:ISBN
3221:The
3203:ISBN
2929:Graz
2656:Lyon
2565:Bonn
2037:Rome
1030:and
1002:The
929:and
850:1.1
837:1.2
824:1.2
811:1.4
798:1.5
785:1.5
772:2.0
759:2.2
746:2.8
733:2.8
720:3.7
707:3.9
694:4.1
681:4.3
668:4.7
655:4.8
648:Lyon
642:5.4
629:6.8
622:Rome
616:9.7
426:and
330:and
3435:doi
3389:. (
3017:US
2975:UK
2818:US
2746:US
2703:US
2210:US
2019:US
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1458:US
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1346:UK
1324:US
1280:US
1257:UK
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847:323
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
