20:
641:
622:
409:
84:
653:
1349:
341:
characteristics of
Hercules, imitating his physical proportion by means of wooden columns, and in the hierarchy of their gods he is the Sun, or as the Greeks call him, Apollo. From this fact the opinion of those men appears somewhat probable who hold that the Saxons were descended from the Greeks, because the Greeks call Mars Hirmin or Hermes, a word which we use even to this day, either for blame or praise, without knowing its meaning.
640:
389:
The commemoration was reportedly done by planting two poles six feet high, each surmounted by a wooden object one foot in height shaped like a pyramid or a cone on the cathedral square. The youth then used sticks and stones in an attempt to knock over the object. This custom is described as existing
609:
A medieval relief depicting Christ's descent from the cross on one of the Extern Stones seems to show what Teudt interpreted as a tree being withered by the cross (less imaginative researchers consider it to simply be an elaborate chair) ... joined the runes and the swastika as one of the foremost
897:
Et inde perrexit partibus
Saxoniae prima vice, Eresburgum castrum coepit, ad Ermensul usque pervenit et ipsum fanum destruxit et aurum vel argentum, quod ibi repperit, abstulit. Et fuit siccitas magna, ita ut aqua deficeret in supradicto loco, ubi Ermensul stabat; et dum voluit ibi duos aut tres
340:
When morning was come they set up an eagle at the eastern gate, and erecting an altar of victory they celebrated appropriate rites with all due solemnity, according to their ancestral superstition: to the one whom they venerate as their god of
Victory they give the name of Mars, and the bodily
898:
praedictus gloriosus rex stare dies fanum ipsum ad perdestruendum et aquam non haberent, tunc subito divina largiente gratia media die cuncto exercitu quiescente in quodam torrente omnibus hominibus ignorantibus aquae effusae sunt largissimae, ita ut cunctus exercitus sufficienter haberet.
345:
Widukind is confused, however, about the name of the god, since the Roman Mars and the Greek Hermes do not correspond. Tolley supposes that the name Hirmin, of which
Widukind does not know the meaning, is not to be related to Hermes, but to Irmin, the dedicatee of the Irminsul.
621:
532:
was daring in his campaigns against the
Germanic tribes, he was unable to reach this region, and that subsequently no one had yet made the attempt. Connections have been proposed between these "Pillars of Hercules" and later accounts of the Irminsuls.
1283:
1406:
646:
An illustration of
Wilhelm Teudt's proposed 'straightening' of the object, yielding what he considered to symbolize an Irminsul, and subsequently used in Nazi Germany and among some Neopagan groups
1292:
1276:
306:. Rudolf's description states that the Irminsul was a great wooden pillar erected and worshipped beneath the open sky and that its name, Irminsul, signifies universal all-sustaining pillar.
64:
382:
until at least the late 19th century. In the 13th century, the destruction of the
Irminsul by Charlemagne was recorded as having still been commemorated at Hildesheim on the Saturday after
1269:
562:
around the 2nd and 3rd centuries CE. Scholarly comparisons were once made between the
Irminsul and the Jupiter Columns; however, Rudolf Simek states that the columns were of
240:) in early Germanic times, only later transferred to Odin, as certain scholars subscribe to the idea that Odin replaced Tyr as the chief Germanic deity at the onset of the
272:
is repeatedly described as ordering the destruction of the chief seat of their religion, an
Irminsul. The Irminsul is described as not being far from Heresburg (now
19:
652:
1464:
1479:
418:
367:
1255:
Germanische
Heiligtümer. Beiträge zur Aufdeckung der Vorgeschichte, ausgehend von den Externsteinen, den Lippequellen und der Teutoburg
528:
actually did go there or because the Romans have agreed to ascribe all marvels anywhere to Hercules' credit. Tacitus states that while
1187:
1138:
1108:
1100:
1045:
425:
Awareness of the significance of the concept seems to have persisted well into Christian times. For example, in the twelfth-century
280:
states that "strong reasons" point to the actual location of the Irminsul as being approximately 15 miles (24 km) away, in the
244:. This was the favored view of early 20th century Nordicist writers, but it is not generally considered likely in modern times.
1484:
252:
Irminsuls are attested in a variety of historic works discussing the Christianization of the continental Germanic peoples:
849:
The Three Books of the Deeds of the Saxons, by Widukind of Corvey: Translated with Introduction, Notes, and Bibliography
862:
Pagans and Christians: The Interplay Between Christian Latin and Traditional Germanic Cultures in Early Medieval Europe
336:
in 531. Widukind says the Saxons set up an altar to their god of victory, whose body they depicted as a wooden column:
408:
1061:
1428:
1261:
1131:
1022:
412:
A late 16th century interpretation of an Irminsul bearing the cult image of a god of war and commerce, from
83:
1333:
721:
631:
128:
1210:
75:), and the oldest chronicle describing an Irminsul refers to it as a tree trunk erected in the open air.
890:
261:
156:
150:
771:
484:
ABBOT DE LUBERSAC (Abbé de Lubersac): Discours sur les Monuments Publics (Speech on Public Monuments)
1489:
860:
Clive Tolley, "Oswald's Tree", in Tette Hofstra, L. A. J. R. Houwen and Alasdair A. MacDonald, eds.,
563:
543:
529:
413:
1474:
1220:
1161:
579:
517:
320:
1191:
602:
1469:
1357:
315:
124:
87:
A modern interpretation of the Irminsul, erected 1996 in Harbarnsen-Irmenseul municipality (near
24:
1077:
Die Externsteine sind bis auf weiteres germanisch! - Prähistorische Archäologie im Dritten Reich
1348:
1087:
Das Relief an den Externsteinen. Ein karolingisches Kunstwerk und sein spiritueller Hintergrund
1417:
1375:
1300:
1183:
1134:
1104:
1041:
911:
44:
1027:
873:
281:
241:
68:
1234:
512:
355:
299:
198:
164:
1385:
1323:
709:
551:
395:
383:
72:
284:
and states that the original name for the region "Osning" may have meant "Holy Wood".
1458:
1411:
1249:
1205:
726:
684:
595:
449:
427:
1438:
1338:
1195:
716:
679:
674:
628:
375:
359:
273:
92:
60:
1380:
524:
that had yet to be explored. Tacitus adds that these pillars exist either because
1443:
1433:
614:
identity at the time and remains a motif treasured among German neopagans today.
391:
379:
333:
295:
277:
269:
172:
168:
52:
1365:
1243:
1170:(1999): On the folklore of the Externsteine - Or a centre for Germanomaniacs.
694:
440:ûf ainer irmensiule / stuont ain abgot ungehiure, / daz hiezen si ir choufman.
371:
363:
302:(AD 865) provides a description of an Irminsul in chapter 3 of his Latin work
265:
88:
56:
1390:
1308:
731:
669:
591:
587:
215:
182:
160:
132:
104:
96:
36:
586:, Germany, features a shape often identified as a bent tree at the feet of
458:
Rômâre in ungetrûwelîche sluogen / sîn gebaine si ûf ain irmensûl begruoben
570:
does not fall within the area of the Jupiter Column archaeological finds.
443:
On an Irminsul / stands an enormous idol / which they call their merchant
1318:
1239:
699:
567:
559:
534:
525:
329:
219:
218:, is in some older scholarship presumed to have been the national god or
205:
461:
The Romans slew him treacherously / and buried his bones on an Irminsul
1313:
1228:
689:
583:
507:
229:
120:
851:, PhD diss. (University of California, Los Angeles, 1949), pp. 178–79.
634:
relief, rejected by Bernard Mees and interpreted as an elaborate chair
627:
The image identified as representing Irminsul by Wilhelm Teudt on the
1370:
704:
521:
48:
40:
1407:
Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe
99:
on the top is based on the coat of arms of the village of Irmenseul.
1150:. Longmans, Green, and Co., London, New York, Bombay and Calcutta.
555:
407:
82:
18:
1423:
538:
479:
He climbed upon an Irminsul / the peasants all bowed before him
467:
233:
1265:
487:
The abbot place the Irminsul in Stattbergen, Bavaria. (P.183)
237:
566:
monuments, and that the reported location of the Irminsul in
51:. Medieval sources describe how an Irminsul was destroyed by
495:
A number of theories surround the subject of the Irminsul.
167:
from which Odin sacrificed himself, and which connects the
1293:
Sacred trees and groves in Germanic paganism and mythology
59:. A church was erected on its place in 783 and blessed by
43:-like object attested as playing an important role in the
658:
A stylized illustration based on Wilhelm Teudt's proposal
476:ûf ain irmensûl er staich / daz lantfolch im allez naich.
394:
where it was enacted on the day of Laetare Sunday by the
236:). Irmin might also have been an epithet of the god Ziu (
550:
Comparisons have been made between the Irminsul and the
516:, the author mentions rumors of what he describes as "
878:
The Sacred Tree: Ancient and Medieval Manifestations
834:
832:
830:
828:
757:
755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
378:, Germany. The column was reportedly then used as a
1399:
1356:
1299:
880:(Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2011), pp. 137–38.
598:proposed that the symbol represented an Irminsul.
358:in the 9th century, a stone column was dug up at
1206:Die Kaiserchronik eines Regensburger Geistlichen
23:"The destruction of Irminsul by Charlemagne" by
607:
590:. In 1929, German lay archaeologist and future
472:
454:
436:
328:Irminsul erected to celebrate the Saxon leader
223:
209:
192:
186:
176:
148:
142:
136:
123:with terms with some significance elsewhere in
114:
108:
1277:
1089:. edition tertium, Ostfildern vor Stuttgart.
431:an Irminsul is mentioned in three instances:
8:
1175:Gazin-Schwartz, Amy & Holtorf, Cornelius
1079:. Verlag fĂĽr Regionalgeschichte, Bielefeld.
16:Sacred, pillar-like object in Saxon paganism
574:Wilhelm Teudt, the Externsteine, and symbol
1284:
1270:
1262:
502:, Pillars of Hercules, and Jupiter Columns
222:of the Saxons. It has been suggested that
232:of some other deity – most likely Wodan (
113:means 'great pillar'. The first element,
537:was probably frequently identified with
434:Concerning the origin of the Wednesday:
940:Schröder (1892): p.158, lines 4213-4214
743:
617:
390:elsewhere in Germany, particularly in
1083:Matthes, Walther & Speckner, Rolf
541:by the Romans due to the practice of
7:
1209:. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover.
931:Schröder (1892): p.92, lines 601-602
922:Schröder (1892): p.81, lines 129-131
191:("great ground", i.e. the Earth) or
582:, located on a rock formation near
1156:(2007) translated by Angela Hall.
1118:Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte
324:(c. 970) is in fact describing an
14:
1465:History of North Rhine-Westphalia
1257:. Eugen Diederichs Verlag, Jena.
1101:Central European University Press
847:Raymund F. Wood, ed. and trans.,
1347:
1168:Schmidt, Martin & Halle, Uta
1158:Dictionary of Northern Mythology
651:
639:
620:
163:(Old Norse 'Yggr's horse') is a
772:"Wiedererrichtung der Irminsul"
366:, Germany and relocated to the
228:was more probably an aspect or
864:(Groningen: 1995), pp. 151–52.
610:symbols of the anti-Christian
601:However, according to scholar
65:Sacred trees and sacred groves
39:'great pillar') was a sacred,
1:
1235:De Origine et situ Germanorum
838:Stallybrass (1882): 116-118).
314:Clive Tolley has argued that
304:De miraculis sancti Alexandri
289:De miraculis sancti Alexandri
67:were widely venerated by the
1218:(1882). (Trans.) J. Grimm's
893:(Anonymus (): chapter 772):
554:that were erected along the
1097:The Science of the Swastika
520:" in land inhabited by the
1506:
1480:Trees in Germanic paganism
1229:Tacitus, Publius Cornelius
1040:. Oxford University Press
822:E.g. Farwerck (1970): p.33
1345:
1216:Stallybrass, James Steven
1062:d'Alviella, Eugène Goblet
208:, inferred from the name
197:("great snake", i.e. the
1179:Archaeology and Folklore
1148:The Conversion of Europe
1067:The Migration of Symbols
1055:Noord-Europese Mysteriën
813:E.g. Meyer (1910): p.192
1144:Robinson, Charles Henry
1132:Oxford University Press
1034:Birley, Anthony Richard
1023:Annales regni Francorum
224:
210:
193:
187:
177:
171:. 19th century scholar
149:
143:
137:
115:
109:
1334:Sacred tree at Uppsala
1181:: 153–169. Routledge.
1069:. A. Constable and Co.
949:Tacitus (): chapter 34
901:
804:Robinson (1917): p.389
776:Heimatverein-Irmenseul
761:d'Alviella (1891:112).
722:Sacred tree at Uppsala
632:Descent from the Cross
616:
482:
464:
446:
422:
343:
129:North Germanic peoples
100:
28:
1485:Persecution of Pagans
1319:Grove of the Semnones
1114:Meyer, Richard Moritz
1003:Mees (2008: 192-194).
985:Teudt (1929): p.27-28
976:Simek (2007:175-176).
894:
891:Royal Frankish Annals
564:Gallo-Roman religious
411:
338:
264:(772 AD), during the
262:Royal Frankish Annals
256:Royal Frankish Annals
86:
22:
1038:Agricola and Germany
795:Grimm (1835:115-119)
544:interpretatio romana
368:Hildesheim cathedral
332:'s victory over the
318:in a passage of his
214:and the tribal name
910:d'Alviella (1891),
580:Externsteine relief
518:Pillars of Hercules
321:Deeds of the Saxons
1358:Germanic mythology
1309:Grove of Baduhenna
1221:Teutonic Mythology
1128:Germania: Germania
423:
316:Widukind of Corvey
310:Widukind of Corvey
175:connects the name
147:, which just like
125:Germanic mythology
101:
29:
25:Heinrich Leutemann
1452:
1451:
1429:LĂf and LĂfĂľrasir
1418:Dream of the Rood
1301:Germanic paganism
1190:
1126:(Trans.) (1999).
1036:(Trans.) (1999).
967:Rives (1999:160).
958:Birley (1999:55).
889:According to the
530:Drusus Germanicus
414:Sebastian MĂĽnster
260:According to the
45:Germanic paganism
1497:
1351:
1314:Grove of Nerthus
1286:
1279:
1272:
1263:
1252:
1231:
1217:
1202:
1201:Schröder, Edward
1182:
1176:
1169:
1155:
1145:
1125:
1115:
1094:
1084:
1074:
1064:
1052:
1035:
1019:
1004:
1001:
995:
992:
986:
983:
977:
974:
968:
965:
959:
956:
950:
947:
941:
938:
932:
929:
923:
920:
914:
908:
902:
887:
881:
874:Carole M. Cusack
871:
865:
858:
852:
845:
839:
836:
823:
820:
814:
811:
805:
802:
796:
793:
787:
786:
784:
782:
768:
762:
759:
655:
643:
624:
282:Teutoburg Forest
242:Migration Period
227:
213:
196:
190:
180:
154:
146:
140:
118:
112:
69:Germanic peoples
1505:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1395:
1352:
1343:
1295:
1290:
1260:
1248:
1227:
1215:
1200:
1174:
1167:
1153:
1143:
1123:
1113:
1092:
1082:
1072:
1060:
1050:
1033:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1007:
1002:
998:
993:
989:
984:
980:
975:
971:
966:
962:
957:
953:
948:
944:
939:
935:
930:
926:
921:
917:
909:
905:
888:
884:
872:
868:
859:
855:
846:
842:
837:
826:
821:
817:
812:
808:
803:
799:
794:
790:
780:
778:
770:
769:
765:
760:
745:
740:
666:
659:
656:
647:
644:
635:
625:
576:
552:Jupiter Columns
504:
493:
481:
478:
463:
460:
445:
442:
406:
356:Louis the Pious
352:
312:
300:Rudolf of Fulda
292:
258:
250:
204:A Germanic god
199:Midgard serpent
81:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1503:
1501:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1457:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1414:
1409:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1376:HoddmĂmis holt
1373:
1368:
1362:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1305:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1266:
1259:
1258:
1250:Teudt, Wilhelm
1246:
1225:
1213:
1198:
1165:
1151:
1141:
1121:
1111:
1090:
1080:
1070:
1058:
1051:Farwerck, F.E.
1048:
1031:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1005:
996:
987:
978:
969:
960:
951:
942:
933:
924:
915:
903:
882:
866:
853:
840:
824:
815:
806:
797:
788:
763:
742:
741:
739:
736:
735:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
665:
662:
661:
660:
657:
650:
648:
645:
638:
636:
626:
619:
575:
572:
503:
497:
492:
489:
473:
455:
437:
405:
400:
384:Laetare Sunday
351:
348:
311:
308:
291:
286:
257:
254:
249:
246:
155:is one of the
107:word compound
80:
77:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1502:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1413:
1412:Ask and Embla
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1240:HTML fulltext
1237:
1236:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1214:
1212:
1211:HTML fulltext
1208:
1207:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1188:0-415-20144-6
1185:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1154:Simek, Rudolf
1152:
1149:
1142:
1140:
1139:0-19-815050-4
1136:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1119:
1112:
1110:
1109:9786155211577
1106:
1102:
1098:
1093:Mees, Bernard
1091:
1088:
1081:
1078:
1071:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1049:
1047:
1046:0-19-283300-6
1043:
1039:
1032:
1029:
1028:HTML fulltext
1025:
1024:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1000:
997:
991:
988:
982:
979:
973:
970:
964:
961:
955:
952:
946:
943:
937:
934:
928:
925:
919:
916:
913:
907:
904:
900:
899:
892:
886:
883:
879:
875:
870:
867:
863:
857:
854:
850:
844:
841:
835:
833:
831:
829:
825:
819:
816:
810:
807:
801:
798:
792:
789:
777:
773:
767:
764:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
744:
737:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
712:
711:
710:Rolandssäulen
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
685:Irminenschaft
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
667:
663:
654:
649:
642:
637:
633:
630:
623:
618:
615:
613:
606:
604:
599:
597:
596:Wilhelm Teudt
593:
589:
585:
581:
578:The medieval
573:
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
548:
546:
545:
540:
536:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
514:
509:
501:
498:
496:
490:
488:
485:
480:
477:
471:
469:
462:
459:
453:
451:
450:Julius Caesar
444:
441:
435:
432:
430:
429:
428:Kaiserchronik
421:
420:
415:
410:
404:
403:Kaiserchronik
401:
399:
397:
393:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
349:
347:
342:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
322:
317:
309:
307:
305:
301:
297:
290:
287:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
255:
253:
247:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
226:
221:
217:
212:
207:
202:
200:
195:
189:
184:
179:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
153:
152:
145:
139:
134:
130:
126:
122:
119:('great') is
117:
111:
106:
98:
94:
90:
85:
78:
76:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
26:
21:
1439:Sacred grove
1416:
1339:Caill Tomair
1328:
1254:
1233:
1219:
1204:
1196:Google Books
1192:Partial text
1178:
1171:
1157:
1147:
1127:
1117:
1096:
1086:
1076:
1066:
1054:
1037:
1021:
999:
994:Halle (2002)
990:
981:
972:
963:
954:
945:
936:
927:
918:
906:
896:
895:
885:
877:
869:
861:
856:
848:
843:
818:
809:
800:
791:
779:. Retrieved
775:
766:
717:Sacred grove
708:
680:Celtic Cross
675:Asherah pole
629:Externsteine
611:
608:
603:Bernard Mees
600:
577:
549:
542:
511:
505:
499:
494:
486:
483:
475:
474:
465:
457:
456:
447:
439:
438:
433:
426:
424:
419:Cosmographia
417:
402:
398:themselves.
388:
376:Lower Saxony
360:Obermarsberg
353:
344:
339:
325:
319:
313:
303:
293:
288:
276:), Germany.
274:Obermarsberg
259:
251:
248:Attestations
203:
127:. Among the
102:
93:Lower Saxony
61:Pope Leo III
32:
30:
1490:Charlemagne
1434:Sacred tree
1324:Donar's Oak
1224:, volume I.
1162:D.S. Brewer
1124:Rives, J.B.
912:pp. 106-107
781:11 December
466:Concerning
448:Concerning
392:Halberstadt
380:candelabrum
334:Thuringians
296:Benedictine
278:Jacob Grimm
270:Charlemagne
194:iörmungandr
188:iörmungrund
185:terms like
173:Jakob Grimm
169:Nine worlds
165:cosmic tree
73:Donar's Oak
71:(including
55:during the
53:Charlemagne
1475:Old Saxony
1459:Categories
1366:Barnstokkr
1244:Wikisource
1164:0859915131
1073:Halle, Uta
1011:References
727:Thor's Oak
491:Hypotheses
372:Hildesheim
364:Westphalia
350:Hildesheim
266:Saxon Wars
89:Hildesheim
57:Saxon Wars
1470:Paderborn
1391:Yggdrasil
1386:MĂmameiĂ°r
738:Footnotes
732:Yggdrasil
670:Ahnenerbe
592:Ahnenerbe
588:Nicodemus
216:Irminones
183:Old Norse
161:Yggdrasil
159:of Odin.
133:Old Norse
105:Old Saxon
97:sun cross
79:Etymology
37:Old Saxon
1400:See also
1329:Irminsul
1253:(1929):
1203:(1892):
1146:(1917):
1116:(1910):
1095:(2008):
1085:(1997):
1075:(2002):
1065:(1891).
1053:(1970):
1018:Anonymus
700:Palmette
664:See also
612:völkisch
568:Eresburg
560:Germania
535:Hercules
526:Hercules
513:Germania
500:Germania
330:Hadugato
220:demi-god
211:Irminsûl
135:form of
110:Irminsûl
33:Irminsul
695:Mjölnir
690:Maypole
594:member
584:Detmold
508:Tacitus
230:epithet
144:Jörmunr
121:cognate
95:). The
47:of the
1381:Læraðr
1371:Glasir
1186:
1137:
1107:
1044:
705:Roland
522:Frisii
396:Canons
354:Under
326:ad hoc
131:, the
116:Irmin-
49:Saxons
41:pillar
27:, 1882
1444:Vörðr
556:Rhine
298:monk
225:Irmin
206:Irmin
181:with
178:Irmin
157:names
138:Irmin
1424:Ilmr
1232:():
1184:ISBN
1135:ISBN
1105:ISBN
1042:ISBN
1020:():
783:2022
539:Thor
468:Nero
294:The
234:Odin
151:Yggr
103:The
1242:at
1238:.
1194:at
1172:In:
1026:.
558:in
506:In
416:'s
370:in
362:in
238:Tyr
201:).
141:is
91:in
31:An
1461::
1177::
1160:.
1130:.
1120:.
1103:.
1099:.
1057:.
876:,
827:^
774:.
746:^
605::
547:.
510:'
470::
452::
386:.
374:,
268:,
63:.
1285:e
1278:t
1271:v
1030:.
785:.
713:)
707:(
35:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
