Iztapalapa - Knowledge (XXG)

53: 3214:, at a time when the city of Culhuacán was powerful. However, the area was divided into a number of dominions around the lake system of the valley, which vied among themselves for dominance. As late arrivals, the Mexica wandered among the various dominions and were granted permission to settle in Culhuacán territory. They lived together mostly peacefully. However, records indicate that the Mexicas were forced into servitude as punishment for raids by young warriors to carry off women from neighboring settlements. One legend states that problems between the two peoples began when the Mexica asked for and received a Culhua princess, Achitómetla, to become a goddess of war. The ceremony required the woman to be sacrificed, angering Culhuacán. The Mexica were eventually forced off Culhua lands and forced to settle on an island on the west side of the lake, although the stronger city of Culhuacán maintained relations with them. This new settlement, called 3385:

and Santiago Acahualtepec remained. In the middle of the 18th century, there were still only 80 families in Iztapalapa, with 31 of them being Spanish. By the end of the same century, that would become 130 indigenous families distributed into nine barrios and three villages. At the end of the colonial period Iztapalapa would also include three haciendas and two ranches. During much of this time, Iztapalapa was also a stopover for travelers between Mexico City and Puebla or Veracruz. There were two main canals through here that connected the area with Chalco and Xochimilco. One of these was the Canal de la Viga, which was an important means of transporting corn, beans, vegetables and more into the capital These canals had control and customs checkpoints which divided Mexico City from rural areas. The most important of these was the La Viga control point due to the merchandise that passed through.

2426:. The Centro de Ejecución de Sanciones Penales Varonil Oriente (Center for the Execution of Penal Sanctions for Men East), more commonly called the Reclusorio Oriente (East Prison) was inaugurated in 1987 for adult males. The building extends over a 10,400 square metres (112,000 sq ft) surface in colonial San Lorenzo Tezonco. It contains five dormitories, intake center, workshops, sports facilities and classrooms. The Centro de Readaptación Social Varonil Santa Martha Acatitla (Center for Male Social Readaptation Santa Martha Acatitla) is for juvenile males which was inaugurated in 2003. It has a maximum population of 672 housed in four buildings with basketball court, dining hall, workshops, classrooms and computer room. A new building is under construction to bring the capacity up to 900 inmates. 3062:, which was celebrated every 52 years at the summit of the Cerro de la Estrella hill. This was a solemn ceremony when all fires were extinguished with a “new fire” ignited at night to provoke the return of the sun in the morning as well as the mark the beginning of a new 52-year cycle on the Aztec calendar. This “new fire” would then be distributed among the populace. The last ancient ceremony was held in 1507. While named for the ancient New Fire ceremony, the modern version is a cultural festival dedicated to the area's culture past and present. The festival is divided into four “axis” called “Traditions of the Ancient Mexicans,” “The Footsteps of Zapata,” “Sounds of the Underworld” and New Fire and Mexican Contemporary Cinema.” 2700:. Until the mid-20th century, the area was rural, but migration into the borough began in the 1970s as this is the only area with significant land that could be developed. From 1970 to 1980, it accounted for 54.3% of the city's population increase. From 1980 to 1990, Iztapalapa gained 341,988, more than 1.6 times that of the rest of the city. Most of the migration came from families leaving the center of the city, but more importantly many migrants from other parts of Mexico into the city settled in the relatively cheap Iztapalapa. In the last decades, the population increase of the borough has accounted for 83% of the population growth of Mexico City. Today, the population of the borough accounts for 2470:, Avenida Tláhuac, Avenida Plutarco Elias Calles. The “Eje” road system in the area includes Eje 3 Sur, Eje 4 Sur, Eje 5 Sur, Eje 6 Sur, Eje7 Sur, Eje 8 Sur, Eje 2 Oriente, Eje 3 Oriente, Eje 4 Oriente and Eje 5 Oriente. The main highway leaving Mexico City towards Puebla cuts through the borough. Each day about 80,000 vehicles pass through, making it the second busiest highway section in Mexico City. Many of these are local and intercity buses which can block two out of the three lanes. Construction work has been done to widen the highway, but political disputes have kept new lanes from opening as of early 2011. Public transportation includes several 3353:. They founded a school to teach indigenous languages which operated for 100 years. The Franciscans built a monastery in Huitzilopochco as well as small churches in San Marcos Mexicaltzingo and in Santa Marta and Nativitas Tepetlacingo. The churches of San Lucas Evangelista, San Marcos Mexicaltzingo, San Juan Evangelista and the chapels of Calvario and Santa Martha Acatitla were all built over foundations of pre-Hispanic temples which the Spanish had destroyed. These were built with much of the material from the destroyed temples. However, by the end of the 18th century, all of these would be in the hands of normal clergy. 2151: 2218:. The Augustinians founded a school to teach indigenous languages which operated for over 100 years. It was also a center of paper making, taking advantage of springs and canals for water. The original church of the monastery was demolished a long time ago, but parts of the original complex still remain. The original church was replaced in the late 19th century by the San Juan Evangelista parish church, built between 1880 and 1897. The rest of the complex has been secularized since the 19th century and declared a national monument in 1944. From 1960 to 1984, it was occupied by 64: 2329:(Groceries Center) is Mexico City's main wholesale market for produce and other foodstuffs. It was constructed to be the meeting point for producers, wholesalers, retailers and consumers for the entire country. The site accommodates more than 250,000 people each day and provides foodstuffs for most of the people of Mexico City area. The facility extends over 328 hectares (810 acres) and is the most important commercial center for the city. It is the largest such market in Latin America. It was established in the 1970s, over what were the remaining 71: 3475:, who favored a more centralized regime. Thus much of the borough would either be part of the Federal District or the State/Department of Mexico, depending on who was in power during the first half of the 19th century. The Federal District, including Iztapalapa, would be permanently restored in 1848, and then enlarged to its current dimensions between 1853 and 1854. Since that time, the Federal District has been reorganized several times, usually separating the Mexico City and making the other areas of the District either districts or 1177:, is lacking in many of these same areas, which are close to the Sierra de Santa Catalina where there is no piped water service; rather it is delivered in trucks to home storage tanks. Sometimes the wait for these trucks can last hours, and there have been hijackings of water delivery trucks. About 96% of homes in the borough do have piped-in water, but about 500,000 residents have insufficient supplies, low pressure and in many places the water quality is visibly poor. Visibly dirty water is locally called “agua de tamarindo” ( 118: 2825:. There are 452 preschools, 612 primary schools, 191 middle schools, 21 vocational schools, 35 high schools, and two teachers’ colleges. Ninety-five percent of children between five and nine years of age attend school, with 96% of those between 10 and 14. Only 62% of those between 15 and 19 attend school and 27% of those between 20 and 24. About 4% of the population above the age of six is illiterate with 63% of this number being female. The highest rates of illiteracy are in the 65 and older age group. 133: 1140:. Most are located in the Peñon Viejo, Ermita Zaragoza, Santa Martha Acatitla, Santa Cruz Meyehualco, El Molino, San Lorenzo and La Hera areas, with about 150,000 damaged homes. Over 95% of the homes in the borough have electricity, running water and sewerage, and the borough provides sufficient educational services and other services such as sports facilities; however, the high population density means that the five or less percent equals a large number of people without sufficient services. 89: 3504:

and other farmland still existed as well. In the 1970s, waves of migrants from other parts of the country began to move into the borough. This prompted the building of a number of large apartment complexes including Unidad Vicente Guerrero, Unidad Ejército de Oriente, Unidad Santa Cruz Meyehualco, Conjunto Urbano Popular Ermita Zaragoza and Unidad Habitacional Ejército Constitucionalista. By 1980, all of the land that could be developed legally was, but the population continued to grow.

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is not the highest level of all the boroughs, since Iztapalapa has the highest population by a significant margin, most of the city's marginalized are here with just under 9% of Mexico City's total. The population between 0 and 19 years of age represents about 40% of the total. Next are those between 20 and 34, who account for about 29% of the total. A large percentage of the population of the borough is under 15 at 36.4%, with only 7.6% over 50.

2622: 2612: 2602: 2592: 2582: 2572: 2562: 2552: 2542: 2527: 2517: 2507: 2497: 2354:, in Colonia San José Aculco on Prologación Eje 6 Sur. With 202 wholesalers and 165 retail outlets, it distributes about 60% of the country's seafood production along with much of what is imported. The market begins business at 4:00 a.m., when delivery trucks bring in fresh fish from all over Mexico to the vendors. This daily delivery is about 500 tons and includes all kinds of seafood from shrimp to fish to shellfish to small sharks and 1136:

limited infrastructure and high levels of socio economic marginalization. Social problems include homelessness, unregulated street vending, illegal building and crimes associated with the sex trade. Many live in rundown housing with deficient municipal services. The exception to this are the areas that border the boroughs of Benito Juárez, Coyoacán and Iztacalco. As of 2010, about 30% of the borough's buildings still have damage from the

3397:, the Federal District of Mexico City was established as the new nation's capital in 1824. The village of Iztapalapa became part of this district at the same time, but the borough had not yet been established. It would remain an autonomous settlement. In 1828, it was one of the municipalities outside of Mexico City proper. The rest of the 19th century would be concerned with disease and the status of the area's water transportation. 1169:

rates of muggings and robberies of taxi drivers and public buses. Most of the crime problems are concentrated into a group of neighborhoods, such as Santa Martha Acatitla Norte, Desarrollo Urbano Quetzalcoatl, Tenorios, La Polvorilla, Santa Cruz Meyehualco, San Miguel Teotongo, Xalpa, Lomas Estrella, Lonas de Zaragoza and Achualtepec. This area has over 100 known points where drugs are sold. Its proximity to municipalities such as

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defended the city on land and on water. Cortés and his indigenous allied burned, massacred and destroyed the city completely, killing 6,000 of the city's residents. But after the battle, when the Spanish let down their guard, Iztapalapa opened water channels to flood the city and drown the invaders. Most of the Spanish survived, but many of their Indian allies did not and were drowned. The Spanish lost all of their gunpowder.

2922: 2704:’s total. The population growth has slowed somewhat, but at its peak in the 1990s, it was over 100%. This population growth has spurred the location of most of the city's housing projects of the last decades in this area. The borough's population is still expected to increase at a rate of 0.77%. While migration into the borough is significant, there is very little migration out into other parts of Mexico or abroad. 2981: 2435: 2930: 1197: 3511:. By 2000, the population of the borough accounted for over 20% of the total of the Federal District, the largest in population. Now almost all of the land in the borough has been urbanized, with only the highest elevations and a few family farm plots without buildings. The only green spaces are parks controlled by local or federal authorities, where various types of trees can still be found. 2242: 455:, which already had governing authority over a number of surrounding communities. The modern borough is made up of 15 “barrios” or neighborhoods, considered to be part of city of Iztapalapa, and 18 other “pueblos” or communities outside of it. To distinguish the original city of Iztapalapa from the rest of the borough, it was officially named Iztapalapa de Cuitláhuac in 2006 in honor of the 1113: 3246:’s son, Huehua Cuitlahuatzin would be made ruler of Iztapalapa. Under this arrangement, Iztapalapa did not pay tribute to Tenochtitlan, they did have to supply labor for major projects as well as military service. Iztapalapa was important in pre Hispanic times militarily and religiously as the side of the Huixachtécatl, today called the Cerro de la Estrella. This was the site of the 3150:

Bordo, El Moral, Las Largas, Las Cuadradas, Tecorrales, Zapotla and others were separated by small canals and some of them had docks. They were also an ecosystem home to wide variety of land and aquatic flora and fauna, including storks, flowers, trees, reeds, quetzals, frogs, and fish. The chinampas remained in private hands until 1970, when they were expropriated to construct the

2376: 2222:, which renovated it. Today, this complex is home to the Museo del Exconvento de Culhuacán (Museum of the Former Monastery of Culhuacán), inaugurated in 1987. The grounds around it are referred to as the Parque Historico y Centro comunitario Culhuacán (Culhuacán Historic Park and Community Center). The park contains an artificial pond and areas planted with native trees such as 3496: 3250:, held once every 52 years, beginning anew cycle of years. The ceremony also required the destruction of all household goods to be replaced by new. Women and children would stay at home while the men participated in the distribution of the “new fire.” It was celebrated a total of nine times, with the last one in 1507 (2 acatl by the Aztec calendar). For this last celebration, 2291: 3323: 2234: 331: 488: 2287:

however, was that the sun would not return and the ceremony was designed to ensure the sun's return in the morning. Excavation of this site and others in the borough was begun in 1974 by INAH. This work has also uncovered fossilized human and mammoth remains in neighborhoods such as Santa María Aztahuacán and Santa Marta Acatitlán.

2167:. The main parish church building of the city of Iztapalapa dates from at least 1664. Its main entrance contains various indigenous symbols. Some churches, however, were built later, such as the Asunción de María parish church built in 1890, and the current San Juan Evangelista church built between 1880 and 1897. 535:(2,420 m or 7,940 ft asl) volcanoes. These are recent geological formations, with evidence of lava flow still existent and none extend over 1,000 meters (3,300 ft) above the valley floor. Culturally, the most important of these elevations is the Cerro de la Estrella, which was the site of the 2817:, many in the borough refused to send their children to school, afraid that they would be indoctrinated against the Catholic faith. Today, the borough has sufficient educational infrastructure, with most schools belonging to the primary level. There are a number of institutions of higher education such as 3267:. It consisted of artificial land built up from the shallow lake bottom, rising about a meter and a half over the lake's surface and extending for about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi). It was wide enough for horses to cross in pairs. The causeway was divided by a fort called Xoloc, made of stone with towers, 3262:

By the time the Spanish arrived, Culhuacán was no longer an important city; rather it had been eclipsed by Iztapalapa as one of the Aztec royal towns, chosen as such due to its defensive position. At that time, the area has about 10,000 inhabitants dedicated to chinampa agriculture and the raising of

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Part of this process included legitimizing the lineage Tenochtitlan's rulers. These Mexica rulers used the time they spent in Culhuacán territory, and the links formed from it for this purpose. The ruling family could trace its ancestors back to Culhuacán ruler Nahuyotl. This and various marital ties

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Iztapalapa today is a borough of the Mexico City, centered on what used to be an independent settlement with its origins in the pre-Hispanic period. It has a territory of 116.67 km (11,667 ha; 28,830 acres; 45.05 sq mi), and is located on the east side of the Mexico City bordering

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From the 1950s to the present, the borough's history has been dominated by its population growth and urbanization, along with the problems that come with it. Before 1970, the area still had various types of flora including forested hills, ponds and other surface water, grasslands and more. Chinampas

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After the Spanish and their allies regrouped in Tlaxcala, Cortés decided to attack Iztapalapa before besieging the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan, in part to secure supplies. The city of Iztapalapa had about 10,000 people with about two-thirds of its structures built over water. Eight thousand Aztecs

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in the Cuitláhuac Garden, and Good Friday, with the sentencing, the crown of thorns and the crucifixion. At the Señor de la Cuevita Sanctuary, the scene of the expulsion of the money changers from the temple is re enacted. The Palm Sunday procession proceeds then to the Casa de la Mayordomía in the

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Since that time, this Passion Play has become a major event with the participation of 450 actors and attended by 2 million people over the course of the week and 2,000 police to provide security. This includes people from other parts of Mexico, from abroad and from the media. It is the most crowded

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language would essentially disappear. As of 2005, only about two percent of the population speaks an indigenous language, with 94.8% bilingual in Spanish as well. This is about equal to the city average. However, the borough contains about 25% of the total ethnic indigenous of the city. Most of the

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was inaugurated in 2000, located between the two largest apartment complexes of the borough, the Iztapalapa and the Unidad Vicente Guerrero. It contains a forum for 800 people, lobby with two wings for expositions and workshops. Classes are given in guitar, dance, candlemaking, ceramics, and sewing.

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With a population of 1,835,486 as of 2020, Iztapalapa is the most populous borough of Mexico City and as well as the most populous municipality in the country. Over 90% of its territory is urbanized. The formerly rural borough, which was home to some farms and canals as late as the 1970s, to an area

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San Miguel barrio followed by hundreds dressed as Nazarenes and thousands more spectators. After the death of Jesus is played out, the “body” is lowered and taken to the Cuitláhuac Plaza where it is “buried” and “guarded” by people playing Roman soldiers. In 2010, the Passion Play was submitted to

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Most of the borough's residents are poor to middle class, with a very large percentage of youth. Just over 42% of the population is considered to be socioeconomically marginalized, meaning there are fully or partially excluded from social and/or municipal services of one type or another. While this

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For most of the borough's history, most transportation of people and freight was done on the waters of the lake and through canals. However, these began to dry up starting in the 19th century. They remained important up until the early 20th century, with even steamships passing through at one time.

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in Mexico City. Most crime is connected with small scale drug trafficking, which is becoming more frequent on the borough's streets. Between 2008 and 2010, there were 470 murders in the borough, two out of ten for all of Mexico City, with one occurring every two days. It also has one of the highest

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of the area is divided into four zones. One consists of a warm wet climate with temperatures above 18 °C (64.4 °F) in the coldest months. Another is a temperate wet climate with temperatures between −3 and 18 °C (26.6 and 64.4 °F) in the coldest months. One has a relatively dry

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During the colonial period, Iztapalapa was very rural, notable only as one of the primary providers of produce and flowers to Mexico City and its lake and canal transportation. Culhuacán had eighteen villages surrounding it in the pre Hispanic era, butby the 18th century, only San Lorenzo Tezonco

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The Passion Play is considered to be part of “folk religion,” supported by clergy but not considered to be liturgy. The Passion Play has antecedents in the plays put on by evangelizers to teach the Catholic faith and to get the indigenous to renounce their former beliefs. However, the passion play

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and Iztapalapa. These would be the four main settlements of the area, with close relations that would last into the colonial era, when they were part of the Mexicaltzingo corregimiento. The village of Iztapalapa has its origins in the fall of Teotihuacan in the 8th century. Ancient Iztapalapa has

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in 1833, which left many dead and many children orphaned. A procession was performed to an image of Christ called the “Señor de la Cuevita” (Lord of the Little Cave) to end the epidemic. When it subsided, it was considered a miracle and various cults to this Christ figure appeared. Expressions of

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Chinampa agriculture would be important in many areas of the Valley of Mexico, including the area of Iztapalapa. Chinampas here were made from reeds, tree branches and lake mud, growing corn, beans and wide variety of vegetables. These chinampas, now known as neighborhoods called Tezontitla, El

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over ejido land. In 1920, the population was over 20,000 Iztapalapa would remain rural and poor until the 1950s, when its population and its urbanization began in earnest. In the 1940s, the urban sprawl of Mexico City had reached sections of the borough and furthering this was promoted by the

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built monasteries and churches in communities such as Huitzilopohco, San Marcos Mexicaltzingo, Santa Marta, and Nativitas Tepetlacingo. Most of these churches, especially those of San Lucas Evangelista, San Marcos Mexicaltzingo, San Juan Evangelista and the chapels of Calvario and Santa Martha

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Iztapalapa and most of the east side of the Federal District was historically rural and poor up until the mid-20th century. Large-scale urbanization and industrialization began in the 1950s, along with high rates of migration into the borough in the 1970s. Today, it has high population density,

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in the area has nearly wiped out all forms of wildlife in the borough, although as late as the 1960s, there were still a number of waterfowl to be found. Animals found here now are pets or the few cases in which families still raise domestic fowl, rabbits and others for food. Almost all of the

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and inaugurated in 1998. The museum is dedicated to the history of the site, especially as related by the Fuego Nuevo Codex. There is evidence of the hill's ritual use going back 4,000 years; however, the New Fire Ceremony was Aztec. Every 52 years ended one cycle and began another. The worry,

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The Señor de la Cuevita Sanctuary is located on Avenida Morelos and 16 de Septiembre in the city of Iztapalapa. It was built to house an image of Christ made of cornstalks which is called the “Señor de la Cuevita” (Lord of the Small Cave). According to legend, this image was taken from here to

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descendants had become dominant with the area with Culhuacán becoming the capital of a dominion in 1114. The main rulers of this city included Nauhyotl, Cuauhtexpetlatzin, Huetzin, Nonoalcatle and Cuauhtonal who ruled between 1120 and 1251. In the middle of the 13th century, the Toltecs were

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The two most important economic activities in the borough are manufacturing and commerce. Sixty-three percent of all business establishments are dedicated to commerce, which employ 42% of the people and accounts for 45% of the borough's GDP. Commerce and services together employ 63.3% of the

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was established in 1928, which created the current borough of Iztapalapa, centered on and named over the former municipality of Iztapalapa. This borough's government was appointed by the Mexican federal government until 1970, when borough presidents began to be democratically elected.

2263:, last performed in 1507. The park is also culturally important due to the annual Passion Play which is partially conducted on the summit of the cerro each year. The area is managed by the Secretaría de Agricultura y Recursos Hidráulicos, but it lost its original forest cover due to 3533:, then a former federal deputy. Juanito and supporters blocked the main entrance to the borough offices, but allowed employees access through other entrances. The protest was to have him declared the winner of borough president elections. In the end, Brugada retained the position. 3298:

in charge. Alvarado had hundreds of Aztec nobles killed. After Cortés returned, he liberated Cuitláhuac in exchange for supplies, allowing the lord to organize an army against the Spanish. Cuitlahuac succeeded Moctezuma as Aztec emperor and forced the Spanish to flee during the

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While this Passion Play is the best known, events related to Holy Week take place in all parts and parishes of the borough including other re-enactments done by children as well as smaller events in Santiago Acahualtepec and Culhuacán which are more recent. Prisoners at the

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In the 1930s, many of the barrios of Iztapalapa were still marked by canals and still grew vegetables, fruits and flowers. Eventually, major traffic was confined mostly to the Canal Nacional. As the canals dried up, newer modes of transportation were introduced. In 1903,

3283:. Cuitláhuac received the Spanish in Iztapalapa before they went onto Tenochtitlan. They met in a garden which most Aztec lords had as a refuge and to demonstrate culture. In the center of the garden was a large palace made of sandstone and fine woods such as cedar. 3459:

federal government which favored industry over agriculture. In 1940, the chinampas suffered when the Canal de la Viga was drained, and only runoff from the Cerro de la Estrella was still available. Groundwater pumping dried swamps, allowing for more urbanization.

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climate with a range of temperatures, and the last consists of a cold climate with average temperature not exceeding 6.5 °C (43.7 °F). Most of the area falls into the temperate category and all receive most of their rainfall in the summer and early fall.

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A total of 32.5% is employed in industry, minerals and construction. Industry includes food processing, bottling, tobacco products, metals, machinery, surgical equipment, paper and printing and textiles. Only 0.3% is now employed in agriculture or livestock.

3031:. The man playing Jesus must carry the cross 2.5 miles (4.0 km) from the center of Iztapalapa to the summit of the Cerro de las Estrellas to be crucified. The day after Easter Sunday the selection committee meets to choose the next Jesus and Mary. 2997:

at the start of the event. The reenactments start on Palm Sunday and last until Easter Sunday with various Biblical scenes related to the life and death of Jesus played out. The most important episodes include the blessing of the palms on Palm Sunday,

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As one of the first members of the Alliance, Iztapalapa was not conquered. It was indirectly ruled by Tenochtitlan as part of a confederation of four city-states (along with Mexicaltzingo, Huitzilopochco and Culhuacán) allied with the Mexica. Later,

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markets. However, wholesale businesses have declined 2.8% while retail establishment have increased 8.1%. This has a positive effect on employment, but this activity adds less to the GDP. The largest sector of retail sales is in street markets called

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with its only greenery in parks; nearly all of its population employed in commerce, services and industry. This is the result of a large influx of people into the borough starting beginning in the 1970s, with the borough still attracting migrants.

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and can demonstrate their Catholic faith. The role of Jesus requires physical conditioning to carry the cross, which weight about 198 pounds. For a year, the chosen Jesus exercises daily as well as prays to prepare physically and spiritually. The

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fish and birds. A causeway linking Iztapalapa and Tenochtitlan was one of the most important roads in the area. The construction of this causeway began in 1429 under Itzcoatl, using labor from peoples from the south of the valley such as the

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from early on. Iztapalapa became a tributary of Mexico City, required to provide food, manual labor and more. At the end of the 16th century, it too became property of the Spanish Crown. Other areas of the modern borough were made into

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and Iztapalapa. Iztapalapa was constructed first and covers an area of 177,966 square metres (1,915,610 sq ft). Most of the institution's research work is conducted at the Iztapalapa campus. Other institutions include the

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Iztapalapa had been semi-independent of Mexico City since the colonial era, but politically organized in various ways. It has been part of the Federal District since it was created, but this District was an unstable entity in the

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was destroyed in 1835. Much of what is now the borough was lake or crisscrossed by various canals, which carried barge, canoe and even steamship traffic until the late 19th century. New canals were dug to connect Mexico City with

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and San Isidro as well as the villages of Ayotla, Tlapicahua and Tlapacoya. By the end of this century, much of the lake and many of the small canals had dried. The main ones were the Mexicaltzingo canal and those near the

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on the highway to Puebla contains finds related to the ancient inhabitants of the area. Most relate to the pre-Hispanic period and include utensils, ceremonial objects, ceramics, obsidian blades and arrowheads and jewelry.

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epidemic in 1833 prompted the first passion play to be performed in this area, which has been performed since. In the middle of the 19th century, the town of Iztapalapa had 3,416 inhabitants. Drainage of the lakes in the

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Records of the “eight barrios of Iztapalapa” go back at least until 1898. Borough authorities have sought “Barrios Mágicos Turísticos” (Magical Tourism Neighborhoods) status for these, for a program similar to the

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owners turned over land to construct new ones. In the 1930s, many of the barrios of Iztapalapa were still marked by canals and still grew vegetables, fruits and flowers. Major traffic was confined mostly to the

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Today, most transportation in the borough is on various roadways via public or private vehicle. Main avenues include Calzada Ermita-Iztapalapa, Calzada Ignacio Zaragoza, Calzada Benito Juárez, Calzada La Viga,

459:. However, eight of the barrios are considered to be the historic center of the city of Iztapalapa, which are La Asunción, San Ignacio, Santa Barbara, San Lucas, San Pablo, San Miguel, San Pedro and San José. 52: 3146:, which grew to contain various neighborhoods surrounded by chinampas, or artificial islands in the lake used to grow food. These and the exploitation of lake resources was the basis of the city's economy. 2457:

to celebrate his inauguration in 1912. Several train lines linked the area to other parts of Mexico by 1922. The first bus services between the center of Mexico City and the large market was begun in 1952.

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Museum) mostly contains preserved example of the various species found in the different types of water found in Mexico. These include rivers, lakes, ponds, estuaries, beach areas as well as reefs offshore.

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Most Iztapalapa residents seek roles but not all are selected. The most coveted role is that of Jesus, which is selected each year by the Comité Organizador de Iztapalapa. Next is the role of the

5367: 4010: 2183:, but it mysteriously disappeared from there to reappear in a small cave back in Iztapalapa. However, its importance stems from a miracle attributed to it. In 1833, the area was hit by the 3446:

Industrialization began in the area in the 1890s but agriculture remained the most important economic activity. Most of the population in the area still lived in poor huts. In 1916, the

3303:. However, Cuitlahuac was ruler only somewhere between 40 and 80 days according to various records. He spent that time repairing the city of Tenochtitlan as the Spanish regrouped in 4343: 4280: 3902:[Chronological table of historical facts of Iztapalapa in the context of the nation and the Federal District] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Iztapapala. Archived from 3409:

would have an effect on the size and arrangement of water transportation. According to records, the ancient “Calzada de los Indios” (Indian Causeway) that linked Iztapalapa and the

1173:

in the State of Mexico allows criminals to escape jurisdiction easily. However, the borough reports that crime rates diminished 5.41% from 2009 to 2010. Basic services, especially

3142:. At that time, the area was a peninsula jutting onto the lake formed by the Sierra de Santa Catarina. The first city on this peninsula was Culhuacán on the south side next to the 2316:

completed it. The work is considered to be a fusion of painting, sculpting, engineering and architecture. Today, it contains a number of abstract murals, a permanent collection of

2187:. People appealed to this image and when the plague dissipated, this image was given credit. Yearly rites of gratitude to this image eventually developed into the borough's annual 3980: 1132:

and the Sierra de Santa Catarina, declared a reserve in 1994. However, both of these areas are under pressure by the continued urbanization and population growth of the area.

3356:

Iztapalapa and several other nearby communities were under the direct control of Mexico City, but shortly after only Iztapalapa would remain so. Mexicaltzingo belonged to the

5736: 4587: 3439:

on the borough's border. However, groundwater pumping started in the 1950s lowered water tables and began the process of destroying the rest of the canals, and most of the

5334: 5297: 1210: 6138: 4807: 2415:” were inaugurated in 1989. It contains a mural by Francisco Cárdenas done in 2003 called “Iztapalapa: Ayer, Hoy y Siempre” (Iztapalapa: Yesterday, Today and Always). 4720: 2230:

on its walls, and its library is still an important cultural and research center. A number of the old monks’ cells now contain exhibits related to the institution.

5842: 4450: 4754: 3349:

moved in to build churches and monasteries. The Augustinians began construction of the Culhuacán monastery in 1552, built in various stages. It was dedicated to

3334:. The process was brutal, as the area was highly loyal to Tenochtitlan, with more than 5,000 people killed by both war and epidemics. By the first census of the 3238:, with Texcoco dominating the formerly powerful city of Culhuacán as well as Iztapalapa. As Tenochtitlan's power grew, it eventually ruled the new empire alone. 3669: 467:” tourism program run by the federal government. The goal is to attract visitors to these neighborhoods as well as other landmarks of the borough such as the 5126:[Population in indigenous homes by language of the head of household and/or spouse] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Iztapapala. Archived from 4863: 3619: 2259:. The park covers over 1,093 hectares (2,700 acres) and was established for recreational and cultural purposes. The hill (cerro) was the site of the Aztec 3058:) is an annual event held in November/December with events such as music, dance, theatre, cinema and art exhibitions. This event is named after the Aztec 5964: 104: 3554:

described Iztapalapa as the 'epicenter' of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico, with the borough's density and high rates of poverty cited as reasons why.

5359: 3143: 468: 4002: 3545: 3074:, which mostly consists of costumed groups, dance, live music and parades. These communities come together to hold a finale at the end of Carnival. 2333:

farming plots in the borough, effectively eliminating this tradition in this part of the city. The main building was inaugurated in 1982, built by

4885: 4829: 2843: 2684:

With a population of 1,815,768 as of the 2010 census, Iztapalapa is the most populous and fastest growing borough in Mexico City. It is also the

6090: 5794: 2848: 479:, La Magdalena Atlazolpa, Los Reyes, San Antonio Culhuacán, Mexicalzingo, the San Lorenzo Cemetery, San Andrés Tetepilco and San José Aculco. 6131: 6050: 5976: 5666: 4946: 4547: 4155: 2818: 2471: 2384: 1117: 3575: 3230:, who was granted the title of “culhua tecuhtli” (Lord of the Culhuas) . The Alliance came to include thirty dominions, with Tenochtitlan, 5931: 4351: 4276: 2164: 5392: 3600: 3115:

and means "in the waters of the banks," referring to its position along the lakeshore, situated partly on dry land and partly over water

4911: 4408: 146: 5604:[Pre Hispanic era-Brief history of the dominion of Iztapalapa] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Iztapapala. Archived from 6045: 5959: 5816: 3972: 2251: 1129: 117: 100: 3776: 5704: 5467: 4785: 3789: 3158: 6158: 5631: 5601: 5559: 5524: 5502: 5441: 5201: 5175: 5149: 5123: 5097: 5071: 5045: 5019: 4986: 4970: 4682: 4624: 4487: 4382: 4216: 4181: 4126: 4100: 4074: 3933: 3899: 3721: 2957:

incorporates areas which were special or sacred to the pre Hispanic world, including the gardens that once belonged to the emperor

5728: 4653: 4595: 3693: 3330:

After the Conquest, the pre-Hispanic temples of the area were destroyed, the Iztapalapa and surrounding cities were subjugated by

2716:

During the colonial period into the 19th century, Iztapalapa was mostly indigenous, with small population of European descent and

132: 6259: 6228: 6124: 2685: 5326: 5289: 5251: 4311: 3936:[Cuitláhuac, Lord of Iztapalapa and tenth Aztec ruler] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Iztapapala. Archived from 2869: 6085: 2647: 2184: 6188: 5867: 5230: 3430:

The canals would remain a part of the borough until the mid-20th century. Efforts to preserve the system began in 1920, when

2886: 2325: 6060: 2965:

was performed. The Passion Play started as a number of reenactment events held in a number of places in the borough during

2345:, which was no longer large enough to meet the city's needs for the wholesale distribution of produce and other foodstuffs. 2150: 4712: 6168: 4251: 3419: 3138:

at the base of the Cerro de Culhuacán hill. These people were led by a chief named Mixcoatl and would become known as the

2567: 2342: 441: 190: 3222:

would be formed in the early 15th century, as part of the process of uniting the Nahuatl-speaking peoples of the valley.

2873: 6075: 4442: 3254:

had a temple construction on the summit called the Ayauhcalli, later named “the church of the New Fire” by the Spanish.

3008: 2853: 4746: 2838: 6208: 6080: 3541: 3472: 3394: 1137: 448:

borders the borough on the east side, and Iztapalapa has strong cultural and economic ties to this part of the state.

5690: 3369:, which remained in the family until the system was abolished. Later in the colonial period, the area would become a 3173:. Other pre-Hispanic settlements in the Iztapalapa area were established and grew as well, including Hitzilopochco ( 5759: 2953:

in honor of these images, now known as the Fiesta de Solteras de Septiembre. The second is the annual Passion Play.

63: 6183: 6055: 5996: 4570: 2916: 2547: 1128:

borough (90%) is urbanized, with only six percent designated as ecological reserve, concentrated in two parks, the

539:. Since the pre-Hispanic period, Lake Texcoco has been drained, leaving behind only two natural river called the 70: 6095: 5991: 3515: 2701: 2671: 2661: 2651: 2641: 2631: 2531: 2300: 452: 451:

The borough was created in 1928, centered on and named after a formerly independent municipality within the then

4851: 6100: 6070: 5924: 3476: 3226:

from the past would make these new rulers descendants from the old. This was formalized with the government of

3166: 2621: 2611: 2601: 2591: 2581: 2571: 2561: 2551: 2541: 2526: 2516: 2506: 2496: 2191:. Since 1853, this church has been the center of most indigenous dance held. This is because in that year the 382: 381:, located on the eastern side of the city. The borough is named after and centered on the formerly independent 314: 237: 178: 17: 5022:[Recent population growth, 1990-2005] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Iztapapala. Archived from 3366: 3182:

alliances and disputes mostly with the other dominions with economies based on chinampas, such as Xochimilco,

3102:

Map of the Valley of Mexico in 1519, showing Iztapalapa and causeway running north from it to Villa Guadalupe.

512: 3643: 3455: 3111:

The borough is named after a city which was founded here in the pre-Hispanic period. "Iztapalapa" comes from

6147: 6035: 5954: 3488: 3178: 3139: 3071: 2597: 2479: 2438: 556: 370: 324: 37: 3519: 3378: 3271:

and gates to control entrance and exit. This causeway also had a branch leading to Coyoacán. Its ruler was

2358:. The main fish market is here due to Mexico City's role as economic center since the pre Hispanic period. 2275:

trees, along with insects and rodents. There are also problems with illegal building and farming in areas.

2255:

was established in 1938 and is considered to be the most important natural area in the eastern part of the

6065: 6040: 6030: 6020: 3537: 3468: 3304: 2512: 2334: 2309: 2207: 1161: 496: 5784: 5204:[Education conditions:Literacy] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Iztapapala. Archived from 3524: 3276: 3219: 3123: 3119: 3036: 2738: 2196: 2158:

The borough is home to a number of historic churches, many of which were built in the colonial era. The

1170: 476: 4889: 4821: 2814: 2809:

The first public primary school classes in Iztapalapa were established in 1914 under the government of

524: 88: 3454:; however the area remained extremely poor and there were disputes between Iztapalapa and neighboring 3424: 2720:. Migration into the area eventually would change the ethnic composition to primarily mestizo and the 2200: 540: 389:). The rest is made up of a number of other communities which are governed by the city of Iztapalapa. 6025: 5986: 5789: 3900:"Tabla cronológica de hechos históricos de Iztapalapa en el contexto nacional y del Distrito Federal" 3374: 3183: 2890: 2774: 2762: 2697: 2657: 2463: 2350: 2192: 564: 544: 3536:

During the 2010s, Iztapalapa was affected by severe water shortages in September 2017 following the

3165:

Culhuacan was moved to a site called Tollantzingo in the 950s, and shortly after that migrants from

2304:

was constructed in 1976. This museum in Colonia Agua Prieta is an enormous multicolored monument of

516: 507:

but most of it are elevations such as the Cerro de la Estrella (2,460 m or 8,070 ft asl),

6254: 6203: 6105: 6001: 5917: 3331: 2810: 2742: 2693: 2627: 2454: 520: 472: 4938: 4159: 3540:, and in October and November of 2018. In 2020, Iztapalapa was disproportionately impacted by the 3290:(ruler of Texcoco), Cuitlahuac and other nobles as prisoners. Cortés was then forced to return to 3784:(in Spanish). Mexico City: Comisión de Organización Electoral (Government of Mexico City). 2003. 3550: 3415: 3231: 2734: 2313: 1156:

and sale of stolen auto parts, and also lack of water supply. Iztapalpa has the highest rates of

1153: 532: 508: 5527:[Meaning of Iztapalapa] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Iztapapala. Archived from 5048:[Population projection] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Iztapapala. Archived from 3264: 2637: 2308:’s head that measures 13 metres (43 ft) in height and weighs six tons. It was decorated by 2283: 2195:

forbade “pagan” dances and to avoid confrontation, the dances began to be held here in the main

464: 81: 5400: 552: 548: 6011: 5971: 5875: 5710: 5700: 5672: 5662: 5444:[New Fire Foundation] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Iztapapala. Archived from 4801: 4543: 3785: 3295: 3247: 3151: 3098: 3059: 3055: 2962: 2617: 2467: 2260: 2163:

Acatitla were built over foundations of pre Hispanic temples, which had been destroyed in the

1165: 1124: 536: 397: 5100:[Indigenous Affairs] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Iztapapala. Archived from 4915: 4416: 3126:, Iztapalapa began as a village on the shores of the lake system and dedicated to farming on 3041: 5562:[First Inhabitants] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Iztapapala. Archived from 5178:[School Attendance] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Iztapapala. Archived from 4077:[Geographic layout] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Iztapapala. Archived from 3406: 3350: 3024: 2885:

population. Twenty-four percent of this commerce is wholesale, much of which is tied to the

2813:

at Escuela Enrique Laubscher and in the San Lucas Church. However, during the government of

2770: 2758: 2730: 2577: 2537: 2305: 2256: 2215: 2127: 5234: 4974: 4103:[Water Resources] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Iztapapala. Archived from 3795: 3410: 3373:

headed by Mexicaltzingo and later an “alcaldia mayor” as it grew to include areas such as

3300: 2999: 2974: 2934: 2522: 1149: 445: 405: 5471: 5362:[Holy Week of Iztapalapa hopes to be an intangible cultural heritage of UNESCO]. 5237:." Instituto de Educación Media Superior del Distrito Federal. Retrieved on May 28, 2014. 4777: 4594:(in Spanish). Mexico: Instituto Latinamericano de la Comunición Educativa. Archived from 408:. Combatting homicides and drug trafficking remain a major issue for local authorities. 5635: 5605: 5563: 5528: 5494: 5445: 5205: 5179: 5153: 5127: 5101: 5075: 5049: 5023: 4990: 4967: 4686: 4628: 4542:] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Editorial Océano de Mexico SA de CV. pp. 122–124. 4491: 4374: 4220: 4185: 4130: 4104: 4078: 3937: 3903: 3725: 2949:

gratitude to this figure eventually consolidated into two annual events. The first is a

2898:, followed by public markets, street peddlers and lastly through the Central de Abasto. 5634:[The Conquest] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Iztapapala. Archived from 4989:[Introduction] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Iztapapala. Archived from 4914:(in Spanish). Mexico City: Government of the Federal District of Mexico. Archived from 4888:(in Spanish). Mexico City: Government of the Federal District of Mexico. Archived from 4657: 4656:(in Spanish). Mexico City: Government of the Federal District of Mexico. Archived from 4490:[Colonial Era] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Iztapapala. Archived from 3724:[Introduction] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Iztapapala. Archived from 3436: 3357: 2950: 2921: 2801:

sects have grown to about 6% of the population, with less than 2% professing no faith.

2798: 2766: 2750: 2667: 2607: 2587: 2492: 2475: 2375: 2341:

measuring 2.25 metres (7 ft 5 in) across. It was built to take over from the

1174: 560: 504: 401: 296: 5470:[Carnival] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Government of Iztapalapa. Archived from 3086:

season, the borough sponsors various activities such as Christmas plays, processions “

2859:

The Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana was established in 1974 with three campuses in

6248: 5694: 4219:[Vegetation] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Iztapapala. Archived from 3530: 3370: 3312: 3272: 2958: 2794: 2754: 2746: 2450: 2369: 2264: 2180: 980: 456: 415:

in which 450 borough residents participate and about 2 million attend as spectators.

5247: 5074:[Migration] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Iztapapala. Archived from 4685:[Chinampas] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Iztapapala. Archived from 4303: 3322: 3210:

One of the tribes that moved into the Valley of Mexico in the 14th century were the

3018:. These are reserved for single young people, who do not have children, addictions, 2980: 2777:.The only language which has been spoken in Mexico not represented in Iztapalapa is 2434: 2233: 6163: 5981: 5152:[Religion] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Iztapapala. Archived from 3342: 3251: 3227: 3215: 3170: 3131: 2941: 2929: 2860: 2778: 2502: 2404: 2272: 2211: 2188: 567:

road. For this reason, there are no longer any naturally occurring surface water.

500: 412: 5227: 4627:[Economy] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Iztapapala. Archived from 4129:[Climate] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Iztapapala. Archived from 2320:

and a large auditorium. The monument is a symbol of the eastern part of the city.

2725:

indigenous languages found in the borough are those associated with the state of

2449:-drawn trolleys were introduced into the municipality to link it Mexico City via 2348:

The borough is also home to Mexico City and Mexico's largest fish market, called

6173: 4733:

La Nueva Viga, marine passage in the Federal District outside of tour guidebooks

4184:[Fauna] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Iztapapala. Archived from 3346: 3135: 3087: 3015: 2994: 2990: 2557: 2241: 2159: 437: 378: 195: 4243: 2206:

The most important monastery founded in the area in the colonial period was in

1196: 1112: 6233: 6218: 6213: 6178: 5843:"In Mexico, as COVID-19 cases mount, vaccine rollout stalls and despair grows" 5714: 3495: 3464: 3362: 3287: 3199: 3174: 2864: 2317: 2268: 1184: 433: 429: 411:

The borough is home of one of Mexico City's major cultural events, the annual

5879: 5676: 3620:"Iztapalapa: How Mexico City's most dangerous borough is breaking the stigma" 3518:, there was a dispute in the election for borough president between activist 2372:

offers everything from the cheapest used items to luxury items can be found.

161: 148: 6193: 4859: 3335: 3280: 3083: 2970: 2355: 2290: 425: 287: 5360:"La Semana Santa de Iztapalapa espera ser patrimonio cultural de la UNESCO" 3338:

in 1552, Culhuacan was down to 817 inhabitants, and 260 in Mexicaltzingo.

563:

which forms part of the border of the borough has been filled in to create

6116: 5250:(in Spanish). Mexico City: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa. 4941:[Iztapalapa legislators stop widening of the Mexico-Puebla road]. 3694:"These Women Are The Only Reason Some People In Mexico City Get Any Water" 1683: 487: 5868:"In the Epicenter of Mexico's Epicenter, Feeling Like a 'Trapped Animal'" 5124:"Población en hogares indígenas por lengua del jefe de hogar y/o cónyuge" 4536:

Ciudad de México: Guía para descubrir los encantos de la Ciudad de México

4346:[the Mexican capital hides its most violent face in Iztapalapa]. 3447: 3440: 3308: 3291: 3243: 3235: 3218:, would begin rising and dominating since its establishment in 1325. The 3127: 2895: 2790: 2365: 2330: 2223: 1178: 528: 210: 4566: 4047: 4005:[Iztapalapa wants to have Barrios Mágicos to attract tourists]. 3670:"Rise In Criminal Violence In Mexico City May Be Linked To Drug Cartels" 3169:

came into the area to settle as well, bringing with them the worship of

3157: 2125: 6223: 4778:"La Jornada: Recorrer El Salado nos da el estatus que otros nos niegan" 4050:[Introduction] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Iztapapala 3401: 3187: 3112: 3028: 2945: 2721: 2717: 2338: 571: 1218: 1200: 5904: 4306:[Iztapalapa has the highest rate of violence against women]. 3507:

In the 1990s, the borough had growth rates of over 100% according to

3268: 3211: 3194: 3046:

hold their own Passion Play with the involvement of about 80 people.

3019: 3004: 2726: 2227: 495:

The borough has an average elevation of 2,240 m (7,350 ft)

347: 183: 4713:"La Nueva Viga, paseo marino en el DF fuera de las guías turísticas" 4304:"Tiene Iztapalapa el más alto índice de violencia hacia las mujeres" 4939:"Frenan diputados de Iztapalapa ampliación de la vía México-Puebla" 3499:

Groundbreaking for an apartment complex in the 1980s in the borough

2388:

There is also an area for major event which can hold 1,500 people.

491:

Yohualiuhqui volcano, as seen from the San Lorenzo Tezonco cemetery

223:

Aldama No. 63 esq. Ayuntamiento, Barrio San Lucas, Iztapalapa 09000

3644:"Iztapalapa No. 1 of the 3 most dangerous boroughs in Mexico City" 3508: 3494: 3451: 3431: 3321: 3156: 3097: 2979: 2928: 2920: 2433: 2374: 2289: 2240: 2232: 2149: 1111: 511:

or Peñon del Marqués (2,400 m or 7,900 ft asl), and the

486: 292: 5497:[Iztapalapa will celebrate December with Pablo Milanés]. 4246:[Iztapalapa, the most vulnerable entity of the capital]. 2312:

but he died before he could finish the work. His brother-in-law,

4344:"La capital mexicana esconde su cara más violenta en Iztapalapa" 2966: 2822: 2446: 2219: 1157: 6120: 5913: 5602:"Época Prehispánica - Breve Historia del señorío de Iztapalapa" 4822:"Tianguis de El Salado: un paraíso para chacharear - Máspormás" 4377:[Iztapalapa assures that crime dropped 5.41% in 2010]. 3576:"Principales Resultados del Censo de Vivienda y Población 2020" 2737:

and Chatina. Oaxacan languages account for 34.9% of the total.

4003:"Iztapalapa quiere tener Barrios Mágicos para atraer turistas" 2989:

and best known of its type in Mexico. The most crowded day is

5909: 5817:"Water Shortages Leave Iztapalapa Powerless Against COVID-19" 4912:"Centro de Readaptación Social Varonil Santa Martha Acatitla" 4776:

C.V., DEMOS, Desarrollo de Medios, S.A. de (15 August 2013).

2418:

The borough contains two large penal institutions called the

5399:(in Spanish). Mexico City. November 22, 2010. Archived from 5333:(in Spanish). Durango, Mexico. El Universal. April 3, 2010. 2424:

Centro de Readaptación Social Varonil Santa Martha Acatitla

1194: 499:

and extends over firm land and what was former lake bed of

400:, and a significant number of its residents lack access to 99:

Top: View of Iztapalapa from Cerro de la Estrella; Middle:

4886:"Centro de Ejecución de Sanciones Penales Varonil Oriente" 3934:"Cuitláhuac, Señor de Iztapalapa y décimo tlatoani mexica" 3450:

and ranches of Iztapalapa were broken up and divided into

2831:

Instituto de Educación Media Superior del Distrito Federal

2453:. These trolleys would be used to bring Mexican president 2226:. The monastery complex itself still contains a number of 2170:

The two most important religious establishments have been

5329:[Iztapalapa experiences its greatest tradition]. 2267:. The ecosystem now on the site consists only of planted 4540:

Mexico City: Guide to discover the charms of Mexico City

2420:

Centro de Ejecución de Sanciones Penales Varonil Oriente

1187: 4747:"El tianguis de El Salado, tierra sin ley - La Jornada" 3202:, who ruled it from 1250 to 1400 under various rulers. 5841:

McDonnell, Patrick J.; Sánchez, Cecilia (2021-02-07).

5735:(in Spanish). Mexico City. Notimex. February 9, 2010. 4375:"Asegura Iztapalapa que delitos bajaron 5.41% en 2010" 3027:

are played out at the Cerro de la Estrella, emulating

2821:, and the Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza of 2793:, although this has declined by 1.9% since the 1990s. 5661:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 21. 4445:[Iztapalapa: lacks water, needs management]. 3427:. The Mexicalcingo canal was widened for steamships. 3090:” as well as cultural events such as dance recitals. 580:

Climate data for Iztapalapa, Mexico City (1951-2010)

404:. Iztapalapa has one of the highest rates of violent 2214:. This monastery was begun in 1552 and dedicated to 6010: 5947: 4279:(in Spanish). Mexico City: El Universal newspaper. 3471:, who favored a federalist government, fought with 3161:

Image of Xilomatzin, one of the rulers of Culhuacan

2761:. Another significant percentage are those of the 343: 323: 313: 303: 286: 278: 270: 265: 257: 249: 244: 232: 227: 219: 209: 201: 189: 177: 28: 5495:"Festejará Iztapalapa diciembre con Pablo Milanés" 4411:[Water scarcity worsening in Iztapalapa]. 4244:"Iztapalapa, entidad más vulnerable de la capital" 2977:lent his horses for the 1914 version of the play. 2844:Escuela Preparatoria Iztapalapa II "Benito Juárez" 4158:. Servicio Meteorológico National. Archived from 2925:Man carrying cross during Holy Week in Iztapalapa 5787:[Juanito: From Iztapalpa to the world]. 4648: 4646: 4567:"Mexico's National Parks and Biosphere Reserves" 4482: 4480: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4470: 4468: 4443:"Iztapalapa: falta de agua, necesaria dirección" 2849:Escuela Preparatoria Iztapalapa III "Miravalles" 103:, San Matías Parish and Former Convent; Bottom: 4677: 4675: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4028: 3973:"Cuarenta mil personas se reúnen en Iztapalapa" 2944:of Iztapalapa has its origin in an outbreak of 2789:The overwhelming majority of the population is 2154:Procession at the Señor de la Cuevita Sanctuary 396:Iztapalapa remains afflicted by high levels of 5731:[Who governs Iztapalapa, asks Court]. 5729:"Quién gobierna Iztapalapa, pregunta la Corte" 5699:. Translated by Cohen, J. M. London: Penguin. 5625: 5623: 5283: 5281: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5273: 5271: 5269: 5014: 5012: 5010: 5008: 4271: 4269: 4009:(in Spanish). Mexico City. February 10, 2011. 3975:[40,000 people gather in Iztapalapa]. 6132: 5925: 5866:Ahmed, Azam; Berehulak, Daniel (2020-09-23). 5554: 5552: 5550: 5548: 5546: 5436: 5434: 5432: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5424: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5395:[New Fire Festival Iztapapala 2010]. 5354: 5352: 5020:"Crecimiento poblacional reciente, 1990-2005" 4582: 4580: 4534:Jiménez González, Victor Manuel, ed. (2009). 4436: 4434: 4211: 4209: 4207: 4205: 4203: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3921: 2411:The current borough government building, or “ 523:(2,480 m or 8,140 ft asl), and the 8: 5387: 5385: 5046:"Proyección poblacional reciente, 1990-2005" 4806:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4561: 4559: 4529: 4402: 4400: 4069: 4067: 4065: 3605:Consejo de Evaluación de la Ciudad de México 3070:Various neighborhoods hold celebrations for 1148:Primary problems facing the borough include 555:. However, the rivers are confined to large 4527: 4525: 4523: 4521: 4519: 4517: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4509: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3955: 6139: 6125: 6117: 5932: 5918: 5910: 5393:"Festival del Fuego Nuevo Iztapalapa 2010" 5321: 5319: 5317: 5315: 5292:[The passion play of Iztapalapa]. 4619: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4409:"Se agudiza escasez de agua en Iztapalapa" 4337: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4329: 3716: 3714: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3341:Following the destruction of the temples, 3326:View of the San Lucas Church in Iztapalapa 25: 4415:(in Spanish). Mexico City. Archived from 3134:were formed by refugees from the fall of 3130:. The first settlements on this side of 2870:University Autónoma dela Ciudad de México 2282:(New Fire Museum) was built by architect 559:as is one of the canals, and most of the 531:(2,500 m or 8,200 ft asl); and 5965:Cerro de la Estrella archaeological site 5783:Cedillo Cano, Alejandro (July 9, 2009). 5595: 5593: 5591: 5589: 5587: 5585: 5583: 5581: 5327:"Viven en Iztapalapa su mayor tradición" 5202:"Condiciones educativas; Alfabetización" 4706: 4704: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3836: 2993:, but as many as 40,000 are expected on 2294:The Cabeza de Juárez museum and monument 2107:Average max. and min. temperatures in °F 1661:Average max. and min. temperatures in °C 1100:Source: National Meteorological Service 578: 105:Cerro de la Estrella Archaeological Zone 4711:Mónaco Felipe, Paula (April 11, 2008). 4441:Gershenson, Antonio (August 23, 2009). 3979:. Guadalajara, Mexico. March 29, 2010. 3834: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3562: 2393:community museum of San Miguel Teotongo 342: 322: 302: 285: 264: 256: 243: 226: 218: 200: 176: 141: 129: 111: 43: 5785:"Juanito: de Iztapalapa para el mundo" 5505:from the original on December 16, 2010 5493:Carrasco, Sandra (December 12, 2010). 4799: 4373:Rivera, Francisco (February 4, 2011). 4150: 4148: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3365:. Culhuacan came under the control of 1189:Geographical information of Iztapalapa 253:113.76 km (43.92 sq mi) 5797:from the original on January 21, 2011 5366:(in Spanish). Mexico. April 2, 2010. 4242:Ríos, Fernando (September 19, 2010). 3294:to face Spanish authorities, leaving 3286:In 1519, the Spanish took Moctezuma, 3275:, born in 1476 as younger brother of 2199:. In 1875, the church was painted by 527:(2,820 m or 9,250 ft asl), 519:(2,640 m or 8,660 ft asl), 312: 277: 269: 248: 231: 208: 188: 7: 5337:from the original on January 1, 2011 4350:(in Spanish). Mexico. Archived from 2984:Participant dressed as Roman soldier 5370:from the original on April 30, 2011 5288:López Yebra, Elia (April 4, 2007). 4937:Páramo, Arturo (February 1, 2011). 4832:from the original on 21 August 2017 4788:from the original on 21 August 2017 4757:from the original on 21 August 2017 4156:"NORMALES CLIMATOLÓGICAS 1951-2010" 3983:from the original on April 29, 2011 2874:Instituto Tecnológico de Iztapalapa 2379:Scene inside the Central de Abastos 1181:water) because of its brown color. 5977:Fábrica de Artes y Oficios Oriente 5960:Cerro de la Estrella National Park 5739:from the original on July 22, 2011 5300:from the original on July 17, 2011 4949:from the original on July 22, 2011 4866:from the original on July 22, 2011 4723:from the original on June 28, 2011 4453:from the original on June 28, 2011 4407:Rocha, Carolina (March 16, 2005). 4385:from the original on July 22, 2011 4314:from the original on July 22, 2011 4302:Ríos, Fernando (October 8, 2010). 4283:from the original on July 22, 2011 4254:from the original on July 22, 2011 4013:from the original on July 22, 2011 3118:Like the pre-Hispanic villages of 2854:Escuela Preparatoria Iztapalapa IV 2385:Fábrica de Artes y Oficios Oriente 2252:Cerro de la Estrella National Park 1130:Cerro de la Estrella National Park 1118:Fábrica de Artes y Oficios Oriente 101:Cerro de la Estrella National Park 14: 5630:Mariam Salazar Hernández (2008). 5600:Mariam Salazar Hernández (2008). 5254:from the original on May 22, 2011 3932:Mariam Salazar Hernández (2008). 3529:, better known as “Juanito”, and 2839:Escuela Preparatoria Iztapalapa I 2741:account for 23.32% which include 4573:from the original on 2011-04-14. 4342:Brito, Luis (January 22, 2011). 2670: 2660: 2650: 2640: 2630: 2620: 2610: 2600: 2590: 2580: 2570: 2560: 2550: 2540: 2530: 2525: 2515: 2505: 2495: 2237:Path on the Cerro de la Estrella 2126: 1195: 330: 329: 131: 116: 87: 80: 69: 62: 51: 5760:"Don't cry for him, Iztapalapa" 4856:Sistema de Información Cultural 2482:also pass through the borough. 5905:Alcaldía de Iztapalapa website 5758:Ellingwood, Ken (2009-10-02). 4625:"Economía reciente, 1990-2005" 3054:The Festival del Fuego Nuevo ( 2702:over 20.5% of Federal District 2480:Line 8 and Line A of the Metro 2115:Precipitation totals in inches 23:Borough in Mexico City, Mexico 1: 3618:García, Jacobo (2021-10-18). 3483:Modern history (1923-present) 2872:, San Lorenzo Campus and the 2172:Señor de la Cuevita Sanctuary 282:16,000/km (42,000/sq mi) 137:Iztapalapa within Mexico City 5290:"El Viacrucis de Iztapalapa" 4852:"Centro Cultural Iztapalapa" 3601:"Base de datos del IDS-2020" 3009:intangible cultural heritage 2137: 2134: 363:modern Nahuatl pronunciation 261:2,240 m (7,350 ft) 5793:(in Spanish). Mexico City. 5657:Naimark, Norman M. (2017). 5525:"Significado de Iztapalapa" 5501:(in Spanish). Mexico City. 5296:(in Spanish). Mexico City. 4945:(in Spanish). Mexico City. 4449:(in Spanish). Mexico City. 4381:(in Spanish). Mexico City. 4310:(in Spanish). Mexico City. 4250:(in Spanish). Mexico City. 3395:Mexican War of Independence 2828:Public high schools of the 1183: 1053:Average precipitation days 839:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 699:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 503:. Some of the firm land is 16:For the metro station, see 6276: 2961:and the hill on which the 2917:Passion Play of Iztapalapa 2914: 2185:1826–1837 cholera pandemic 2111: 2103: 1686: 1673: 1669:Precipitation totals in mm 1665: 1657: 1099: 547:, which unite to form the 385:of Iztapalapa (officially 215:Ancient Aztec neighborhood 107:, Former Culhuacán Convent 15: 6154: 5696:The conquest of New Spain 5691:Díaz del Castillo, Bernal 5659:Genocide: A World History 4968:2010 census tables: INEGI 3193:By the 11th century, the 3154:, which eliminated them. 2474:lines, busses, taxis and 2337:, as a slightly deformed 1052: 978: 908: 838: 768: 698: 628: 623: 620: 617: 614: 611: 608: 605: 602: 599: 596: 593: 590: 587: 584: 142: 130: 112: 44: 35: 3336:Viceroyalty of New Spain 2686:most populous locality ( 513:Sierra de Santa Catalina 387:Iztapalapa de Cuitláhuac 18:Iztapalapa metro station 6260:Boroughs of Mexico City 6148:Boroughs of Mexico City 5442:"Fundación Fuego Nuevo" 3311:in December 1520, with 375:demarcación territorial 5992:Museo Cabeza de Juárez 4858:(in Spanish). Mexico: 4588:"Cerro de La Estrella" 3538:2017 Puebla earthquake 3500: 3327: 3162: 3103: 2985: 2937: 2933:Large scale altar for 2926: 2441: 2401:Museo de Hidrobiologia 2380: 2310:David Alfaro Siqueiros 2301:Museo Cabeza de Juárez 2295: 2246: 2238: 2176:onastery of Culhuacán. 2155: 1162:violence against women 1120: 492: 236:Raúl Basulto Luviano ( 6179:Cuajimalpa de Morelos 5560:"Primeros Pobladores" 3778:Delegación Iztapalapa 3546:economic consequences 3520:Rafael Acosta Ángeles 3498: 3325: 3307:. Cuitlahuac died of 3277:Moctezuma Ilhuicamina 3220:Aztec Triple Alliance 3160: 3101: 2983: 2932: 2924: 2739:Uto-Aztecan languages 2437: 2378: 2293: 2265:over-cutting of trees 2244: 2236: 2153: 2138:Relief and Hidrology 1116:Main building of the 1115: 515:, which contains the 490: 483:Elevation and climate 162:19.35833°N 99.09306°W 6051:Constitución de 1917 6046:Cerro de la Estrella 5987:La Nueva Viga Market 5228:Planteles Iztapalapa 5176:"Asistencia escolar" 4828:. 20 February 2017. 3144:Cerro de la Estrella 3050:Nuevo Fuego Festival 2763:Oto-Pamean languages 2568:Constitución de 1917 2548:Cerro de la Estrella 2413:palacio delegacional 2335:Abraham Zabludovesky 2193:archbishop of Mexico 629:Record high °C (°F) 469:Cerro de la Estrella 406:crime in Mexico City 402:clean drinking water 398:economic deprivation 279: • Density 6229:Venustiano Carranza 6204:Magdalena Contreras 6091:San Andrés Tomatlán 5474:on October 29, 2013 5331:El Siglo de Durango 4751:www.jornada.unam.mx 4354:on January 25, 2011 3332:Gonzalo de Sandoval 3107:Pre-colonial period 2811:Venustiano Carranza 2694:Ecatepec de Morelos 2648:San Andrés Tomatlán 2455:Francisco I. Madero 1687:Imperial conversion 909:Record low °C (°F) 769:Daily mean °C (°F) 581: 457:tenth Aztec emperor 167:19.35833; -99.09306 158: / 5872:The New York Times 5233:2014-05-29 at the 4973:2013-05-02 at the 3700:. 22 February 2018 3551:The New York Times 3501: 3367:Cristóbal de Oñate 3328: 3163: 3104: 3037:Reclusorio Oriente 2986: 2938: 2927: 2442: 2381: 2314:Luis Arenal Bastar 2296: 2247: 2239: 2156: 1121: 579: 493: 477:Churubusco Gardens 271: • Total 250: • Total 233: • Mayor 6242: 6241: 6189:Gustavo A. Madero 6114: 6113: 6012:Mexico City Metro 5972:Central de Abasto 5847:Los Angeles Times 5790:La Crónica de Hoy 5764:Los Angeles Times 5668:978-0-19-063771-2 4549:978-607-400-061-0 4413:Noticias Televisa 3648:Mexico News Daily 3542:COVID-19 pandemic 3443:along with them. 3296:Pedro de Alvarado 3248:New Fire ceremony 3198:displaced by the 3152:Central de Abasto 3082:To celebrate the 3060:New Fire ceremony 3056:New Fire Festival 3025:Passion and Death 2963:New Fire ceremony 2887:Central de Abasto 2468:Circuito Interior 2464:Anillo Periférico 2439:Metro Peñón Viejo 2361:The twice-weekly 2326:Central de Abasto 2280:Museo Fuego Nuevo 2261:New Fire ceremony 2245:Museo Nuevo Fuego 2142: 2141: 2123: 2122: 2119: 2118: 1678: 1677: 1166:domestic violence 1125:population growth 1104: 1103: 537:New Fire ceremony 525:Guadalupe Borrego 352: 351: 6267: 6141: 6134: 6127: 6118: 6002:Pueblo Culhuacán 5934: 5927: 5920: 5911: 5903: 5890: 5889: 5887: 5886: 5863: 5857: 5856: 5854: 5853: 5838: 5832: 5831: 5829: 5828: 5813: 5807: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5780: 5774: 5773: 5771: 5770: 5755: 5749: 5748: 5746: 5744: 5725: 5719: 5718: 5687: 5681: 5680: 5654: 5648: 5647: 5645: 5643: 5638:on July 22, 2011 5627: 5618: 5617: 5615: 5613: 5608:on July 22, 2011 5597: 5576: 5575: 5573: 5571: 5566:on July 22, 2011 5556: 5541: 5540: 5538: 5536: 5531:on July 22, 2011 5521: 5515: 5514: 5512: 5510: 5490: 5484: 5483: 5481: 5479: 5464: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5448:on July 22, 2011 5438: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5389: 5380: 5379: 5377: 5375: 5356: 5347: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5323: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5285: 5264: 5263: 5261: 5259: 5244: 5238: 5224: 5218: 5217: 5215: 5213: 5208:on July 22, 2011 5198: 5192: 5191: 5189: 5187: 5182:on July 22, 2011 5172: 5166: 5165: 5163: 5161: 5156:on July 22, 2011 5146: 5140: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5130:on July 22, 2011 5120: 5114: 5113: 5111: 5109: 5104:on July 22, 2011 5094: 5088: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5078:on July 22, 2011 5068: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5052:on July 22, 2011 5042: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5026:on July 22, 2011 5016: 5003: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4993:on July 22, 2011 4983: 4977: 4965: 4959: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4934: 4928: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4918:on July 22, 2011 4908: 4902: 4901: 4899: 4897: 4892:on July 22, 2011 4882: 4876: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4848: 4842: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4818: 4812: 4811: 4805: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4773: 4767: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4742: 4736: 4735: 4730: 4728: 4708: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4689:on July 22, 2011 4679: 4670: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4660:on July 22, 2011 4650: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4631:on July 22, 2011 4621: 4608: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4584: 4575: 4574: 4563: 4554: 4553: 4531: 4504: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4494:on July 22, 2011 4488:"Época Colonial" 4484: 4463: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4438: 4429: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4419:on July 10, 2011 4404: 4395: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4370: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4339: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4308:El Sol de México 4299: 4293: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4273: 4264: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4248:El Sol de México 4239: 4233: 4232: 4230: 4228: 4223:on July 22, 2011 4213: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4188:on July 22, 2011 4178: 4172: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4162:on March 3, 2016 4152: 4143: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4133:on July 22, 2011 4123: 4117: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4107:on July 22, 2011 4097: 4091: 4090: 4088: 4086: 4081:on July 22, 2011 4071: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4044: 4023: 4022: 4020: 4018: 3999: 3993: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3969: 3950: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3940:on July 22, 2011 3929: 3916: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3906:on July 22, 2011 3896: 3811: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3801:on July 22, 2011 3800: 3794:. Archived from 3783: 3773: 3738: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3728:on July 22, 2011 3718: 3709: 3708: 3706: 3705: 3690: 3684: 3683: 3681: 3680: 3668:Estevez, Dolia. 3665: 3659: 3658: 3656: 3655: 3640: 3634: 3633: 3631: 3630: 3615: 3609: 3608: 3597: 3591: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3580: 3572: 3528: 3425:Churubusco River 3407:Valley of Mexico 3351:John the Baptist 3315:succeeding him. 3045: 2834:(IEMS) include: 2674: 2664: 2654: 2644: 2634: 2624: 2614: 2604: 2594: 2584: 2574: 2564: 2554: 2544: 2534: 2529: 2519: 2509: 2499: 2343:La Merced Market 2257:Valley of Mexico 2216:John the Baptist 2201:Anacleto Escutia 2174:and the former m 2130: 2114: 2106: 2097: 2092: 2081: 2066: 2061: 2050: 2035: 2030: 2019: 2004: 1999: 1988: 1973: 1968: 1957: 1942: 1937: 1926: 1911: 1906: 1895: 1880: 1875: 1864: 1849: 1844: 1833: 1818: 1813: 1802: 1787: 1782: 1771: 1756: 1751: 1740: 1684: 1668: 1660: 1651: 1646: 1635: 1620: 1615: 1604: 1589: 1584: 1573: 1558: 1553: 1542: 1527: 1522: 1511: 1496: 1491: 1480: 1465: 1460: 1449: 1434: 1429: 1418: 1403: 1398: 1387: 1372: 1367: 1356: 1341: 1336: 1325: 1310: 1305: 1294: 1219: 1201: 1199: 1185: 1154:drug trafficking 1056: 582: 473:Pueblo Culhuacán 453:Federal District 424:the boroughs of 368: 367: 366: 364: 339: 333: 332: 173: 172: 170: 169: 168: 163: 159: 156: 155: 154: 151: 135: 120: 91: 84: 73: 66: 55: 26: 6275: 6274: 6270: 6269: 6268: 6266: 6265: 6264: 6245: 6244: 6243: 6238: 6150: 6145: 6115: 6110: 6006: 5943: 5938: 5901: 5898: 5893: 5884: 5882: 5865: 5864: 5860: 5851: 5849: 5840: 5839: 5835: 5826: 5824: 5821:Mexico Business 5815: 5814: 5810: 5800: 5798: 5782: 5781: 5777: 5768: 5766: 5757: 5756: 5752: 5742: 5740: 5727: 5726: 5722: 5707: 5689: 5688: 5684: 5669: 5656: 5655: 5651: 5641: 5639: 5629: 5628: 5621: 5611: 5609: 5599: 5598: 5579: 5569: 5567: 5558: 5557: 5544: 5534: 5532: 5523: 5522: 5518: 5508: 5506: 5492: 5491: 5487: 5477: 5475: 5466: 5465: 5461: 5451: 5449: 5440: 5439: 5416: 5406: 5404: 5391: 5390: 5383: 5373: 5371: 5358: 5357: 5350: 5340: 5338: 5325: 5324: 5313: 5303: 5301: 5287: 5286: 5267: 5257: 5255: 5246: 5245: 5241: 5235:Wayback Machine 5225: 5221: 5211: 5209: 5200: 5199: 5195: 5185: 5183: 5174: 5173: 5169: 5159: 5157: 5148: 5147: 5143: 5133: 5131: 5122: 5121: 5117: 5107: 5105: 5096: 5095: 5091: 5081: 5079: 5070: 5069: 5065: 5055: 5053: 5044: 5043: 5039: 5029: 5027: 5018: 5017: 5006: 4996: 4994: 4985: 4984: 4980: 4975:Wayback Machine 4966: 4962: 4952: 4950: 4936: 4935: 4931: 4921: 4919: 4910: 4909: 4905: 4895: 4893: 4884: 4883: 4879: 4869: 4867: 4850: 4849: 4845: 4835: 4833: 4820: 4819: 4815: 4798: 4791: 4789: 4775: 4774: 4770: 4760: 4758: 4744: 4743: 4739: 4726: 4724: 4719:. Mexico City. 4710: 4709: 4702: 4692: 4690: 4683:"Las Chinampas" 4681: 4680: 4673: 4663: 4661: 4652: 4651: 4644: 4634: 4632: 4623: 4622: 4611: 4601: 4599: 4598:on May 15, 2011 4586: 4585: 4578: 4565: 4564: 4557: 4550: 4533: 4532: 4507: 4497: 4495: 4486: 4485: 4466: 4456: 4454: 4440: 4439: 4432: 4422: 4420: 4406: 4405: 4398: 4388: 4386: 4372: 4371: 4367: 4357: 4355: 4341: 4340: 4327: 4317: 4315: 4301: 4300: 4296: 4286: 4284: 4275: 4274: 4267: 4257: 4255: 4241: 4240: 4236: 4226: 4224: 4215: 4214: 4201: 4191: 4189: 4180: 4179: 4175: 4165: 4163: 4154: 4153: 4146: 4136: 4134: 4125: 4124: 4120: 4110: 4108: 4099: 4098: 4094: 4084: 4082: 4073: 4072: 4063: 4053: 4051: 4046: 4045: 4026: 4016: 4014: 4001: 4000: 3996: 3986: 3984: 3971: 3970: 3953: 3943: 3941: 3931: 3930: 3919: 3909: 3907: 3898: 3897: 3814: 3804: 3802: 3798: 3792: 3781: 3775: 3774: 3741: 3731: 3729: 3720: 3719: 3712: 3703: 3701: 3692: 3691: 3687: 3678: 3676: 3667: 3666: 3662: 3653: 3651: 3642: 3641: 3637: 3628: 3626: 3624:EL PAÍS English 3617: 3616: 3612: 3599: 3598: 3594: 3584: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3573: 3564: 3560: 3522: 3485: 3411:Villa Guadalupe 3391: 3260: 3258:Colonial period 3208: 3109: 3096: 3080: 3068: 3052: 3039: 3000:Maundy Thursday 2975:Emiliano Zapata 2935:Day of the Dead 2919: 2913: 2908: 2882: 2815:Lázaro Cárdenas 2807: 2787: 2714: 2682: 2677: 2432: 2148: 2143: 2112: 2104: 2099: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2068: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2037: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2006: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1975: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1944: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1913: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1882: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1851: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1820: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1789: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1758: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1666: 1658: 1653: 1652: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1622: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1591: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1560: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1529: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1498: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1467: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1436: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1405: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1374: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1343: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1312: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1209:Climate chart ( 1146: 1138:1985 earthquake 1110: 1105: 1054: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 903: 898: 893: 888: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 833: 828: 823: 818: 813: 808: 803: 798: 793: 788: 783: 778: 773: 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 713: 708: 703: 693: 688: 683: 678: 673: 668: 663: 658: 653: 648: 643: 638: 633: 565:Calzada La Viga 485: 465:Pueblos Mágicos 446:State of Mexico 421: 362: 360: 359: 358: 335: 309: 166: 164: 160: 157: 152: 149: 147: 145: 144: 138: 126: 125: 124: 123: 108: 97: 96: 95: 94: 93: 92: 85: 76: 75: 74: 67: 58: 57: 56: 40: 31: 24: 21: 12: 11: 5: 6273: 6271: 6263: 6262: 6257: 6247: 6246: 6240: 6239: 6237: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6209:Miguel Hidalgo 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6159:Álvaro Obregón 6155: 6152: 6151: 6146: 6144: 6143: 6136: 6129: 6121: 6112: 6111: 6109: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6076:Lomas Estrella 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6017: 6015: 6008: 6007: 6005: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5968: 5967: 5957: 5951: 5949: 5945: 5944: 5939: 5937: 5936: 5929: 5922: 5914: 5908: 5907: 5897: 5896:External links 5894: 5892: 5891: 5858: 5833: 5808: 5775: 5750: 5720: 5705: 5682: 5667: 5649: 5632:"La Conquista" 5619: 5577: 5542: 5516: 5485: 5459: 5414: 5381: 5348: 5311: 5265: 5239: 5219: 5193: 5167: 5141: 5115: 5089: 5063: 5037: 5004: 4987:"Introducción" 4978: 4960: 4929: 4903: 4877: 4843: 4813: 4768: 4737: 4700: 4671: 4654:"Antecedentes" 4642: 4609: 4576: 4569:. Mex Online. 4555: 4548: 4505: 4464: 4430: 4396: 4365: 4325: 4294: 4265: 4234: 4199: 4173: 4144: 4118: 4092: 4061: 4048:"Introducción" 4024: 3994: 3951: 3917: 3812: 3790: 3739: 3722:"Introducción" 3710: 3685: 3660: 3635: 3610: 3592: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3484: 3481: 3477:municipalities 3437:Canal Nacional 3390: 3387: 3358:Spanish Empire 3259: 3256: 3207: 3204: 3108: 3105: 3095: 3092: 3079: 3076: 3067: 3064: 3051: 3048: 2915:Main article: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2881: 2878: 2857: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2841: 2806: 2803: 2786: 2783: 2765:which include 2713: 2710: 2692:, larger than 2681: 2678: 2676: 2675: 2665: 2658:Lomas Estrella 2655: 2645: 2635: 2625: 2615: 2605: 2595: 2585: 2575: 2565: 2555: 2545: 2535: 2520: 2510: 2500: 2489: 2488: 2487: 2486:Metro stations 2431: 2430:Transportation 2428: 2147: 2144: 2140: 2139: 2136: 2132: 2131: 2124: 2121: 2120: 2117: 2116: 2109: 2108: 2101: 2100: 2094: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2071: 2069: 2063: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2040: 2038: 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745: 740: 735: 730: 725: 720: 715: 710: 705: 700: 696: 695: 690: 685: 680: 675: 670: 665: 660: 655: 650: 645: 640: 635: 630: 626: 625: 622: 619: 616: 613: 610: 607: 604: 601: 598: 595: 592: 589: 586: 577: 561:Canal Nacional 517:Cerro Tecuatzi 505:alluvial plain 484: 481: 420: 417: 350: 349: 345: 341: 340: 327: 321: 320: 317: 311: 310: 307: 305: 301: 300: 290: 284: 283: 280: 276: 275: 272: 268: 267: 263: 262: 259: 255: 254: 251: 247: 246: 242: 241: 234: 230: 229: 225: 224: 221: 217: 216: 213: 207: 206: 203: 199: 198: 193: 191:Federal entity 187: 186: 181: 175: 174: 140: 139: 136: 128: 127: 121: 115: 114: 113: 110: 109: 98: 86: 79: 78: 77: 68: 61: 60: 59: 50: 49: 48: 47: 46: 45: 42: 41: 36: 33: 32: 29: 22: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6272: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6252: 6250: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6169:Benito Juárez 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6156: 6153: 6149: 6142: 6137: 6135: 6130: 6128: 6123: 6122: 6119: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6081:Mexicaltzingo 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6061:Escuadrón 201 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6009: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5966: 5963: 5962: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5952: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5935: 5930: 5928: 5923: 5921: 5916: 5915: 5912: 5906: 5900: 5899: 5895: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5869: 5862: 5859: 5848: 5844: 5837: 5834: 5822: 5818: 5812: 5809: 5796: 5792: 5791: 5786: 5779: 5776: 5765: 5761: 5754: 5751: 5738: 5734: 5733:El Economista 5730: 5724: 5721: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5706:0-14-044123-9 5702: 5698: 5697: 5692: 5686: 5683: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5664: 5660: 5653: 5650: 5637: 5633: 5626: 5624: 5620: 5607: 5603: 5596: 5594: 5592: 5590: 5588: 5586: 5584: 5582: 5578: 5565: 5561: 5555: 5553: 5551: 5549: 5547: 5543: 5530: 5526: 5520: 5517: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5489: 5486: 5473: 5469: 5463: 5460: 5447: 5443: 5437: 5435: 5433: 5431: 5429: 5427: 5425: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5415: 5403:on 2010-11-25 5402: 5398: 5394: 5388: 5386: 5382: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5355: 5353: 5349: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5322: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5312: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5284: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5266: 5253: 5249: 5243: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5229: 5223: 5220: 5207: 5203: 5197: 5194: 5181: 5177: 5171: 5168: 5155: 5151: 5145: 5142: 5129: 5125: 5119: 5116: 5103: 5099: 5098:"Indigenismo" 5093: 5090: 5077: 5073: 5067: 5064: 5051: 5047: 5041: 5038: 5025: 5021: 5015: 5013: 5011: 5009: 5005: 4992: 4988: 4982: 4979: 4976: 4972: 4969: 4964: 4961: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4933: 4930: 4917: 4913: 4907: 4904: 4891: 4887: 4881: 4878: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4847: 4844: 4831: 4827: 4826:maspormas.com 4823: 4817: 4814: 4809: 4803: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4772: 4769: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4745:Jornada, La. 4741: 4738: 4734: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4707: 4705: 4701: 4688: 4684: 4678: 4676: 4672: 4659: 4655: 4649: 4647: 4643: 4630: 4626: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4610: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4583: 4581: 4577: 4572: 4568: 4562: 4560: 4556: 4551: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4530: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4510: 4506: 4493: 4489: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4465: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4437: 4435: 4431: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4403: 4401: 4397: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4369: 4366: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4326: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4298: 4295: 4282: 4278: 4272: 4270: 4266: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4238: 4235: 4222: 4218: 4212: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4200: 4187: 4183: 4177: 4174: 4161: 4157: 4151: 4149: 4145: 4132: 4128: 4122: 4119: 4106: 4102: 4101:"Hidrografía" 4096: 4093: 4080: 4076: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4062: 4049: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4025: 4012: 4008: 4004: 3998: 3995: 3982: 3978: 3977:El Informador 3974: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3952: 3939: 3935: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3918: 3905: 3901: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3813: 3797: 3793: 3791:968-5505-26-8 3787: 3780: 3779: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3740: 3727: 3723: 3717: 3715: 3711: 3699: 3698:BuzzFeed News 3695: 3689: 3686: 3675: 3671: 3664: 3661: 3649: 3645: 3639: 3636: 3625: 3621: 3614: 3611: 3606: 3602: 3596: 3593: 3577: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3563: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3552: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3534: 3532: 3531:Clara Brugada 3526: 3521: 3517: 3512: 3510: 3505: 3497: 3493: 3490: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3474: 3473:Conservatives 3470: 3466: 3460: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3444: 3442: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3426: 3421: 3417: 3412: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3396: 3388: 3386: 3382: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3371:corregimiento 3368: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3339: 3337: 3333: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3284: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3239: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3223: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3189: 3185: 3180: 3179:Mexicaltzingo 3176: 3172: 3168: 3159: 3155: 3153: 3147: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3116: 3114: 3106: 3100: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3085: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3057: 3049: 3047: 3043: 3038: 3032: 3030: 3026: 3021: 3017: 3012: 3010: 3007:to become an 3006: 3001: 2996: 2992: 2982: 2978: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2954: 2952: 2947: 2943: 2936: 2931: 2923: 2918: 2910: 2905: 2903: 2899: 2897: 2892: 2891:La Nueva Viga 2888: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2871: 2866: 2862: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2842: 2840: 2837: 2836: 2835: 2833: 2832: 2826: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2723: 2719: 2711: 2709: 2705: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2689: 2679: 2673: 2669: 2666: 2663: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2649: 2646: 2643: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2629: 2628:Mexicaltzingo 2626: 2623: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2528: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2514: 2513:Escuadrón 201 2511: 2508: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2494: 2491: 2490: 2485: 2484: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2459: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2440: 2436: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2421: 2416: 2414: 2409: 2406: 2402: 2397: 2394: 2389: 2386: 2377: 2373: 2371: 2370:street market 2367: 2364: 2359: 2357: 2353: 2352: 2351:La Nueva Viga 2346: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2327: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2306:Benito Juárez 2303: 2302: 2292: 2288: 2285: 2281: 2276: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2253: 2243: 2235: 2231: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2204: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2173: 2168: 2166: 2161: 2152: 2145: 2133: 2129: 2110: 2102: 2070: 2039: 2008: 1977: 1946: 1915: 1884: 1853: 1822: 1791: 1760: 1729: 1728: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1690: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1672: 1664: 1656: 1624: 1593: 1562: 1531: 1500: 1469: 1438: 1407: 1376: 1345: 1314: 1283: 1282: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1207: 1203: 1202: 1198: 1193: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1180: 1176: 1175:potable water 1172: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1152:, especially 1151: 1143: 1141: 1139: 1133: 1131: 1126: 1123:Uncontrolled 1119: 1114: 1107: 1098: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1051: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 995: 990: 985: 982: 981:precipitation 977: 971: 966: 961: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 907: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 837: 831: 826: 821: 816: 811: 806: 801: 796: 791: 786: 781: 776: 771: 767: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 697: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 627: 583: 576: 573: 568: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 521:Cerro Tetecón 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 489: 482: 480: 478: 474: 470: 466: 460: 458: 454: 449: 447: 443: 442:Benito Juárez 439: 435: 431: 427: 418: 416: 414: 409: 407: 403: 399: 394: 390: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 365: 356: 348: 346: 338: 328: 326: 318: 316: 308:09000 – 09990 306: 298: 294: 291: 289: 281: 273: 260: 252: 239: 235: 222: 214: 212: 204: 197: 194: 192: 185: 182: 180: 171: 143:Coordinates: 134: 119: 106: 102: 90: 83: 72: 65: 54: 39: 34: 27: 19: 6198: 6164:Azcapotzalco 5997:Passion Play 5982:Iztapasauria 5940: 5902:(in Spanish) 5883:. Retrieved 5871: 5861: 5850:. Retrieved 5846: 5836: 5825:. Retrieved 5823:. 2020-04-27 5820: 5811: 5799:. Retrieved 5788: 5778: 5767:. Retrieved 5763: 5753: 5741:. Retrieved 5732: 5723: 5695: 5685: 5658: 5652: 5640:. Retrieved 5636:the original 5610:. Retrieved 5606:the original 5568:. Retrieved 5564:the original 5533:. Retrieved 5529:the original 5519: 5507:. Retrieved 5499:El Universal 5498: 5488: 5478:February 12, 5476:. Retrieved 5472:the original 5462: 5450:. Retrieved 5446:the original 5405:. Retrieved 5401:the original 5396: 5372:. Retrieved 5363: 5339:. Retrieved 5330: 5302:. Retrieved 5293: 5256:. Retrieved 5248:"Highlights" 5242: 5222: 5210:. Retrieved 5206:the original 5196: 5184:. Retrieved 5180:the original 5170: 5158:. Retrieved 5154:the original 5144: 5132:. Retrieved 5128:the original 5118: 5106:. Retrieved 5102:the original 5092: 5080:. Retrieved 5076:the original 5066: 5054:. Retrieved 5050:the original 5040: 5028:. Retrieved 5024:the original 4995:. Retrieved 4991:the original 4981: 4963: 4951:. Retrieved 4943:El Excelsior 4942: 4932: 4920:. Retrieved 4916:the original 4906: 4894:. Retrieved 4890:the original 4880: 4868:. Retrieved 4855: 4846: 4834:. Retrieved 4825: 4816: 4790:. Retrieved 4781: 4771: 4759:. Retrieved 4750: 4740: 4732: 4725:. Retrieved 4716: 4691:. Retrieved 4687:the original 4662:. Retrieved 4658:the original 4633:. Retrieved 4629:the original 4600:. Retrieved 4596:the original 4591: 4539: 4535: 4496:. Retrieved 4492:the original 4455:. Retrieved 4446: 4421:. Retrieved 4417:the original 4412: 4387:. Retrieved 4379:El Universal 4378: 4368: 4356:. Retrieved 4352:the original 4347: 4316:. Retrieved 4307: 4297: 4285:. Retrieved 4277:"Iztapalapa" 4256:. Retrieved 4247: 4237: 4225:. Retrieved 4221:the original 4217:"Vegetación" 4190:. Retrieved 4186:the original 4176: 4164:. Retrieved 4160:the original 4135:. Retrieved 4131:the original 4121: 4109:. Retrieved 4105:the original 4095: 4083:. Retrieved 4079:the original 4052:. Retrieved 4015:. Retrieved 4006: 3997: 3985:. Retrieved 3976: 3942:. Retrieved 3938:the original 3908:. Retrieved 3904:the original 3803:. Retrieved 3796:the original 3777: 3730:. Retrieved 3726:the original 3702:. Retrieved 3697: 3688: 3677:. Retrieved 3673: 3663: 3652:. Retrieved 3650:. 2019-06-14 3647: 3638: 3627:. Retrieved 3623: 3613: 3604: 3595: 3583:. Retrieved 3581:(in Spanish) 3549: 3535: 3513: 3506: 3502: 3487:The current 3486: 3461: 3445: 3429: 3399: 3392: 3389:Independence 3383: 3355: 3343:Augustinians 3340: 3329: 3317: 3301:Noche Triste 3285: 3261: 3240: 3228:Acamapichtli 3224: 3216:Tenochtitlan 3209: 3206:Aztec Empire 3192: 3171:Quetzalcoatl 3164: 3148: 3132:Lake Texcoco 3117: 3110: 3081: 3078:Other events 3069: 3053: 3033: 3013: 2987: 2955: 2942:Passion Play 2939: 2911:Passion Play 2900: 2883: 2861:Azcapotzalco 2858: 2829: 2827: 2808: 2788: 2715: 2706: 2687: 2683: 2680:Demographics 2460: 2443: 2423: 2419: 2417: 2412: 2410: 2405:Hydrobiology 2400: 2398: 2392: 2390: 2382: 2362: 2360: 2349: 2347: 2324: 2322: 2299: 2297: 2279: 2277: 2273:Pinus patula 2250: 2248: 2212:Augustinians 2205: 2189:Passion Play 2181:Etla, Oaxaca 2175: 2171: 2169: 2157: 1188: 1147: 1134: 1122: 1108:Urbanization 983:mm (inches) 569: 501:Lake Texcoco 494: 461: 450: 422: 413:Passion Play 410: 395: 391: 386: 383:municipality 374: 354: 353: 336: 304:Postal codes 6096:Santa Marta 6086:Peñón Viejo 5397:Grita Radio 5072:"Migración" 4592:Red Escolar 4166:October 29, 4075:"Orografía" 3585:October 17, 3523: [ 3416:Peñón Viejo 3379:Santa Marta 3363:encomiendas 3347:Franciscans 3279:and son of 3265:Xochimilcas 3200:Chichimecas 3136:Teotihuacan 3040: [ 3016:Virgin Mary 2995:Palm Sunday 2991:Good Friday 2799:Evangelical 2775:Matlatzinca 2698:Guadalajara 2690:) in Mexico 2618:Santa Marta 2598:Peñón Viejo 2318:lithographs 2160:Franciscans 1674:Source: SMN 1211:explanation 1204:Iztapalapa 549:Unido River 533:Yuhualixqui 509:Peñón Viejo 379:Mexico City 297:Zona Centro 202:Established 196:Mexico City 165: / 6255:Iztapalapa 6249:Categories 6234:Xochimilco 6214:Milpa Alta 6199:Iztapalapa 6184:Cuauhtémoc 6101:Tepalcates 6071:Iztapalapa 5941:Iztapalapa 5885:2024-07-03 5852:2024-07-03 5827:2024-07-03 5769:2024-07-03 5715:1028576907 5468:"Carnaval" 5364:CNN México 5150:"Religión" 4717:La Jornada 4447:La Jornada 4348:CNN Mexico 3704:2021-08-15 3679:2021-08-15 3654:2024-07-03 3629:2024-07-03 3558:References 3465:Reform War 3456:Zapotitlán 3393:After the 3313:Cuauhtémoc 3288:Cacamatzin 3273:Cuitláhuac 3175:Churubusco 3120:Xochimilco 2959:Cuitláhuac 2865:Xochimilco 2795:Protestant 2743:Tarahumara 2729:, such as 2578:Tepalcates 2538:Iztapalapa 2472:trolleybus 2356:manta rays 2284:David Peña 2269:eucalyptus 1055:(≥ 0.1 mm) 553:few canals 541:Churubusco 430:Xochimilco 419:Background 355:Iztapalapa 325:HDI (2020) 266:Population 228:Government 153:99°05′35″W 150:19°21′30″N 30:Iztapalapa 6194:Iztacalco 6056:Culhuacán 6036:Atlalilco 5955:Carnivals 5948:Landmarks 5880:0362-4331 5677:960210099 5294:Univision 4860:CONACULTA 3448:haciendas 3441:chinampas 3375:Los Reyes 3281:Axayacatl 3252:Moctezuma 3128:chinampas 3084:Christmas 3066:Carnivals 2971:Holy Week 2805:Education 2712:Languages 2688:localidad 2638:Culhuacán 2523:Atlalilco 2476:bicitaxis 2363:El Salado 2224:ahuejotes 2208:Culhuacán 2146:Landmarks 545:La Piedad 426:Iztacalco 337:Very High 315:Area code 288:Time zone 274:1,835,486 258:Elevation 211:Named for 6174:Coyoacán 6066:Guelatao 6041:Calle 11 6031:Apatlaco 6021:Acatitla 6014:stations 5801:March 3, 5795:Archived 5743:March 3, 5737:Archived 5693:(1963). 5642:March 3, 5612:March 3, 5570:March 3, 5535:March 3, 5509:March 3, 5503:Archived 5452:March 3, 5407:March 3, 5374:March 3, 5368:Archived 5341:March 3, 5335:Archived 5304:March 3, 5298:Archived 5258:March 3, 5252:Archived 5231:Archived 5212:March 3, 5186:March 3, 5160:March 3, 5134:March 3, 5108:March 3, 5082:March 3, 5056:March 3, 5030:March 3, 4997:March 3, 4971:Archived 4953:March 3, 4947:Archived 4922:March 3, 4896:March 3, 4870:March 3, 4864:Archived 4836:24 April 4830:Archived 4802:cite web 4792:24 April 4786:Archived 4761:24 April 4755:Archived 4727:March 3, 4721:Archived 4693:March 3, 4664:March 3, 4635:March 3, 4602:March 3, 4571:Archived 4498:March 3, 4457:March 3, 4451:Archived 4423:March 3, 4389:March 3, 4383:Archived 4358:March 3, 4318:March 3, 4312:Archived 4287:March 3, 4281:Archived 4258:March 3, 4252:Archived 4227:March 3, 4192:March 3, 4137:March 3, 4111:March 3, 4085:March 3, 4054:March 3, 4017:March 3, 4011:Archived 3987:March 3, 3981:Archived 3944:March 3, 3910:March 3, 3805:March 3, 3732:March 3, 3544:and its 3469:Liberals 3309:smallpox 3305:Tlaxcala 3292:Veracruz 3244:Itzcoatl 3236:Tlacopan 3072:Carnival 2896:tianguis 2889:and the 2791:Catholic 2785:Religion 2779:Kickapoo 2718:mestizos 2668:Calle 11 2608:Acatitla 2588:Guelatao 2493:Apatlaco 2422:and the 2366:tianguis 2331:chinampa 2165:Conquest 2135:Weather 1179:tamarind 1048:(24.41) 979:Average 551:, and a 529:Xaltepec 438:Coyoacán 6224:Tlalpan 6219:Tláhuac 4782:unam.mx 4182:"Fauna" 4127:"Clima" 3489:borough 3402:cholera 3269:merlons 3232:Texcoco 3188:Mixquic 3140:Culhuas 3124:Tláhuac 3113:Nahuatl 3094:History 3088:posadas 3029:Calvary 3020:tattoos 2946:cholera 2906:Culture 2880:Economy 2771:Mazahua 2759:Huichol 2735:Mixteca 2731:Zapotec 2722:Nahuatl 2466:Norte, 2451:Jamaica 2339:hexagon 2228:frescos 2210:by the 1043:(0.39) 1038:(0.66) 1033:(2.04) 1028:(3.93) 1023:(4.41) 1018:(4.85) 1013:(4.20) 1008:(2.10) 1003:(0.91) 998:(0.30) 993:(0.19) 988:(0.44) 974:(19.4) 969:(22.1) 964:(26.6) 959:(33.8) 954:(34.2) 949:(39.2) 944:(44.6) 939:(36.5) 934:(39.2) 929:(33.8) 924:(27.5) 919:(23.0) 914:(19.4) 904:(47.1) 899:(41.0) 894:(43.5) 889:(48.9) 884:(52.7) 879:(52.5) 874:(52.9) 869:(53.4) 864:(50.9) 859:(47.7) 854:(43.7) 849:(40.3) 844:(38.5) 834:(62.2) 829:(57.0) 824:(59.4) 819:(62.2) 814:(64.0) 809:(64.8) 804:(64.8) 799:(66.4) 794:(66.6) 789:(64.9) 784:(61.9) 779:(58.3) 774:(55.9) 764:(77.2) 759:(73.0) 754:(75.0) 749:(75.7) 744:(75.6) 739:(77.0) 734:(76.6) 729:(79.3) 724:(82.2) 719:(82.2) 714:(80.1) 709:(76.5) 704:(73.4) 694:(96.8) 689:(82.4) 684:(85.1) 679:(86.9) 674:(86.0) 669:(89.6) 664:(91.4) 659:(96.8) 654:(94.1) 649:(95.0) 644:(94.1) 639:(87.8) 634:(87.8) 572:climate 434:Tláhuac 371:borough 369:) is a 344:Website 334:0.783 179:Country 38:Borough 6026:Aculco 5878: 5713: 5703: 5675: 5665: 4546: 3788: 3674:Forbes 3452:ejidos 3420:Chalco 3212:Mexica 3195:Toltec 3184:Chalco 3005:UNESCO 2727:Oaxaca 2503:Aculco 2197:atrium 2087: 2084: 2076: 2073: 2056: 2053: 2045: 2042: 2025: 2022: 2014: 2011: 1994: 1991: 1983: 1980: 1963: 1960: 1952: 1949: 1932: 1929: 1921: 1918: 1901: 1898: 1890: 1887: 1870: 1867: 1859: 1856: 1839: 1836: 1828: 1825: 1808: 1805: 1797: 1794: 1777: 1774: 1766: 1763: 1746: 1743: 1735: 1732: 1641: 1638: 1630: 1627: 1610: 1607: 1599: 1596: 1579: 1576: 1568: 1565: 1548: 1545: 1537: 1534: 1517: 1514: 1506: 1503: 1486: 1483: 1475: 1472: 1455: 1452: 1444: 1441: 1424: 1421: 1413: 1410: 1393: 1390: 1382: 1379: 1362: 1359: 1351: 1348: 1331: 1328: 1320: 1317: 1300: 1297: 1289: 1286: 1164:, and 1095:100.5 585:Month 475:, the 444:. 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