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Horned God

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1795: 1405:. The seasonal cycle is imagined to follow the relationship between the Horned God and the Goddess. The Horned God is born in winter, impregnates the Goddess and then dies during the autumn and winter months and is then reborn by the Goddess at Yule. The different relationships throughout the year are sometimes distinguished by splitting the god into aspects, the Oak King and the Holly King. The relationships between the Goddess and the Horned God are mirrored by Wiccans in seasonal rituals. There is some variation between Wiccan groups as to which sabbat corresponds to which part of the cycle. Some Wiccans regard the Horned God as dying at Lammas, August 1; also known as Lughnasadh, which is the first harvest sabbat. Others may see him dying at Mabon, the 1459:. In traditional Wicca, however, these other representations of the Wiccan god are subsumed or amalgamated into the Horned God, as aspects or expressions of him. Sometimes this is shown by adding horns or antlers to the iconography. The Green Man, for example, may be shown with branches resembling antlers; and the Sun God may be depicted with a crown or halo of solar rays, that may resemble horns. These other conceptions of the Wiccan god should not be regarded as displacing the Horned God, but rather as elaborating on various facets of his nature. Doreen Valiente has called the Horned God "the eldest of gods" in both The Witches Creed and also in her Invocation To The Horned God. 2277: 1491: 2001: 2084: 1690: 4068: 1783: 1325: 54: 93: 3985: 2148:
The Mendisians, according to this last writer, paid reverence to all goats, and more to the males than to the females, and particularly to one he-goat, on the death of which public mourning is observed throughout the whole Mendesian district; they call both Pan and the goat Mendes, and both were worshipped as gods of generation and fecundity. Diodorus (
2307:, in Chapter 7, "The Piper at the Gates of Dawn", Ratty and Mole meet a mystical horned being, powerful, fearsome and kind. Grahame's work was a significant part of the cultural milieu which stripped the Greek god Pan of his cultural identity in favor of an unnamed, generic horned deity which led to Murray's thesis of historical origins. 1397:. In traditional Wicca, the Horned God and the Goddess are seen as equal and opposite in gender polarity. However, in some of the newer traditions of Wicca, and especially those influenced by feminist ideology, there is more emphasis on the Goddess, and consequently the symbolism of the Horned God is less developed than that of the 1448:) that The Horned God is an Under-god, a mediator between an unknowable supreme deity and the people. (In Wiccan liturgy in the Book of Shadows, this conception of an unknowable supreme deity is referred to as "Dryghtyn." It is not a personal god, but rather an impersonal divinity similar to the Tao of Taoism.) 2323:, all humans have a collective premonition, also described as a memory of the future, of horned aliens which arrive to usher in a new phase of human evolution. The collective subconscious image of the horned aliens is what accounts for mankind's image of the devil or Satan. This theme is also explored in the 2335:
in 1971, where the local superstitions around a landmark known as The Devil's Hump prove to be based on reality, as aliens from the planet Dæmos have been affecting man's progress over the millennia and the Hump actually contains a spacecraft. The only Dæmon to appear is a classic interpretation of
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At several places in the Delta, e.g. Hermopolis, Lycopolis, and Mendes, the god Pan and a goat were worshipped; Strabo, quoting (xvii. 1, 19) Pindar, says that in these places goats had intercourse with women, and Herodotus (ii. 46) instances a case which was said to have taken place in the open day.
1274:. In this dualistic view, his two horns symbolize, in part, his dual nature. (The use of horns to symbolize duality is also reflected in the phrase "on the horns of a dilemma.") The three aspects of the Goddess and the two aspects of the Horned god are sometimes mapped on to the five points of the 2152:) compares the cult of the goat of Mendes with that of Priapus, and groups the god with the Pans and the Satyrs. The goat referred to by all these writers is the famous Mendean Ram, or Ram of Mendes, the cult of which was, according to Manetho, established by Kakau, the king of the IInd dynasty. 1967:
at the time led to the figure of Pan becoming generalised as a 'horned god', and applying connotations to the character, such as benevolence that were not evident in the original Greek myths which in turn gave rise to the popular acceptance of Murray's hypothetical horned god of the witches.
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in northeast Spain as evidence of group religious ceremony of the cult, although the central male figure is not horned. The illustration she used of the Cogul painting leaves out a number of figures, human and animal, and the original is more likely a sequence of superimposed but unrelated
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Other historians, like Byloff and Bonomo, have been willing to build upon the useful aspects of Murray's work without adopting its untenable elements, and the independent and careful researches of contemporary scholars have lent aspects of the Murray thesis considerable new
1924:, which some modern scholars such as Ronald Hutton claim is inaccurate. Hutton states that modern photographs show the original cave art lacks horns, a human torso or any other significant detail on its upper half. However, others, such as celebrated prehistorian 1723:
In considering the Horned God as a symbol recurring in women's literature, Richard Sugg suggests the Horned God represents the 'natural Eros', a masculine lover subjugating the social-conformist nature of the female shadow, thus encompassing a combination of the
2185:'s theory of the historical origins of the Horned God has been used by Wiccans to create a myth of historical origins for their religion. There is no verifiable evidence to support claims that the religion originates earlier than the mid-20th century. 1931:
Breuil considered his drawing to represent a shaman or magician—an interpretation which gives the image its name. Murray having seen the drawing called Breuil's image "the first depiction of a deity", an idea which Breuil and others later adopted.
2135:' account that the god of Mendes—the Greek name for Djedet, Egypt—was depicted with a goat's face and legs. Herodotus relates how all male goats were held in great reverence by the Mendesians, and how in his time a woman publicly 2195:, who adopted Margaret Murray's thesis, claimed Wicca was a modern survival of an ancient pan-European pagan religion. Gardner states that he had reconstructed elements of the religion from fragments, incorporating elements from 2264:, a combination of gods which he posits created a new deity, around which the remaining pagans, those refusing to convert to Christianity, rallied and that this deity provided the prototype for later Christian conceptions of 1716:. If split off entirely, he leads to violence, substance abuse and sexual perversion. When integrated he gives the male an ego "in possession of its own destructiveness" and for the female psyche gives an effective 1335:
In traditional and mainstream Wicca, the Horned God is viewed as the divine male principality, being both equal and opposite to the Goddess. The Wiccan god himself can be represented in many forms, including as the
2099:" serves as an example of the transformation of the Devil into a benevolent fertility deity and provided the prototype for Murray's horned god. Murray's central thesis that images of the Devil were actually of 2188:
Modern scholarship has disproved Margaret Murray's theory. However, various horned gods and mother goddesses were indeed worshipped in the British Isles during the ancient and early Medieval periods.
1603:. Howard had a wooden statue of Atho's head which he claimed was 2200 years old, but the statue was stolen in April 1967. Howard's son later admitted that his father had carved the statue himself. 1705:
terms, as an archetypal protector and mediator of the outside world to the objective psyche. In her theory the male psyche's 'Horned God' frequently compensates for inadequate fathering.
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Outside of works that predate the publication of Murray's thesis, horned god motifs and characters appear in fantasy literature that draws upon her work and that of her followers.
1243:. In common Wiccan belief, he is associated with nature, wilderness, sexuality, hunting, and the life cycle. Whilst depictions of the deity vary, he is always shown with either 2034:
was "too strong meat" for Wiccans who were used to the gentler, romantic paganism of Gerald Gardner and were especially quick to reject any relationship between witchcraft and
2349:, depictions of supernatural horned entities, with specific reference to prehistoric cave-art and shamanistic horned head-dress are revealed to be a "race-memory" of psychic 1850:, proposed the theory that the witches of the early-modern period were remnants of a pagan cult and that the Christian Church had declared the god of the witches was in fact 1340:, the Sacrificed God and the Vegetation God, although the Horned God is the most popular representation. The pioneers of the various Wiccan or Witchcraft traditions, such as 2544:(2004) by Jules Watson, set in Scotland in the year 79 CE, features a scene where the heroine is partnered with a priest of the Horned God during a religious ceremony. 1742:. Sugg goes on to note that female characters who are paired with this character usually end up socially ostracised, or worse—in an inverted ending to the male hero-story. 2368:
while wearing a hood with stag's horns attached to it. According to historian Marion Gibson, Treece based the Hornman character on Murray's conception of the Horned God.
2055:, theorised that the origins of the Witch-cult may have appeared in late antiquity as a faith primarily designed to worship the Horned God, stemming from the merging of 1794: 2777: 1881:, which tries to gather evidence in support of her witch-cult theory. In Chapter 1 "The Horned God". Murray claims that various depictions of humans with horns from 632: 4017: 1981:
amongst Neopagans has not been entirely positive. Clifton suggests that modern claims of revealing an Italian pagan witchcraft tradition, for example those of
2391:(1963), several of the heroes worship a stag-antlered deity called the Horned One. The depiction of this deity is similar to that given in Murray's writings. 2533:(2003) has a plot enemy known as Hircine, the Daedric god of the Hunt, who appears as a horned man with the face of a deer skull. He condemned his "hounds" ( 2537:) to walk the mortal ground during the Bloodmoon until a champion defeats him or Bloodmoon falls. When in combat, Hircine appears as a horned wolf or bear. 1805:
are known to have been worshipped in various cultures throughout history. Evidence for horned gods appear very early in the human record. The so-called
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and is the primary antagonist in a story rich with antagonists. He presents as a Fertility God who has largely lost his mind and become nihilistic.
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Wiccans believe that The Horned God, as Lord of Death, is their "comforter and consoler" after death and before reincarnation; and that he rules the
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of the 18th century and connected with their ideals of a pastoral England. This, along with the general public's increasing lack of familiarity of
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Whilst the Horned God is the most common depiction of masculine divinity in Wicca, he is not the only representation. Other examples include the
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flanked by Satanic witches. The Witch Cult hypothesis states that such stories are based upon a real-life pagan cult that revered a horned god.
1905:, are evidence for an unbroken, Europe-wide tradition of worship of a singular Horned God. Murray derived this model of a horned god cult from 2464:(a figure from English legend). Herne wears a headdress of a horned stag's head. Carpenter stated in an interview that Herne was based on the 3965: 3832: 3792: 3738: 3517: 3305: 3025: 3000: 2731: 4854: 2276: 2252:
Georg Luck, repeats part of Murray's theory, stating that the Horned God may have appeared in late antiquity, stemming from the merging of
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by Aleister Crowley and subsequently went on to found the Neopagan religion of Wicca. Various scholars on early Wiccan history, such as
2071:, those refusing to convert to Christianity, rallied and that this deity provided the prototype for later Christian conceptions of the 4938: 1821:. They are thought to date from roughly 9,000 BCE. Several theories have been created to establish historical roots for modern 1490: 1424:. In Gardnerian Wicca, the Dryghten prayer recited at the end of every ritual meeting contains the lines referring to the Horned God: 4050: 4010: 3940: 3900: 3858: 3764: 3705: 3678: 3537: 3492: 3413: 3388: 3363: 3338: 3259: 3231: 3206: 3177: 3117: 3057: 2975: 2950: 2922: 2897: 2872: 2843: 2815: 2760: 2706: 2208: 2117: 1108: 2578:
that swept across Europe, deals with an interpretation of the Horned God, which takes the form of Black Phillip, the family goat.
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For Wiccans, the Horned God is "the personification of the life force energy in animals and the wild" and is associated with
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Wiccans generally, as well as some other neopagans, tend to conceive of the universe as polarized into gender opposites of
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who are the heroines of the book (indeed, quite the reverse), they temporarily ally themselves with him out of necessity.
2425:, who acknowledges the influence of Murray, uses the figure of the "horned god" in her feminist fantasy transformation of 1755: 1470:
where the souls of the dead reside as they await rebirth. Some, such as Joanne Pearson, believe that this is based on the
1409:, or the second harvest festival. Still other Wiccans conceive of the Horned God dying on October 31, which Wiccans call 4415: 4400: 4003: 2638: 2396: 1694: 1255:(having a beast's head), in this way emphasizing "the union of the divine and the animal", the latter of which includes 1236: 450: 64: 1708:
When first encountered, the figure is a dangerous, 'hairy chthonic wildman' possessed of kindness and intelligence. If
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may be due to an "insecurity" within Neopaganism about the movement's claim to authenticity as a religious revival.
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concur that witchcraft's early rituals, as devised by Gardner, contained much from Crowley's writings such as the
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Despite widespread criticism of Murray's scholarship some minor aspects of her work continued to have supporters.
1282:, although which points correspond to which deity aspects varies. In some other systems, he is represented as a 4861: 4083: 3753:
White, Eric (1996). "Once they were men: Now they're Landcrabs: Monsterous Becomings in Evolutionist Cinema", in
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Valiente offers another explanation for the negative reaction of some neopagans; that the identification of
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Altar statues of the Horned God and Mother Goddess crafted by Bel Bucca and owned by the "Mother of Wicca",
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as a he-goat, further imagined by him as "copulator in Anep and inseminator in the district of Mendes".
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Bernstein, Abbie (February 1990). "Legends of the Hooded Man : Richard Carpenter interview".
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Jones, P. 2005. A Goddess Arrives: Nineteenth Century Sources of the New Age Triple Moon Goddess.
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features a "Hornman", a priest of the "Children of the Sun" tribe. The Hornman performs numerous
2140: 2128: 1858:-derived descriptions of the devil "may throw light on one of the possible origins of the cult." 1509: 1047: 839: 233: 126: 121: 2315: 2009: 3569:
Arcana Mundi: Magic and the Occult in the Greek and Roman Worlds: A Collection of Ancient Texts
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Hunt, Leon (2001). "Necromancy in the UK: Witchcraft and the occult in British horror", in
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This article is about the Wiccan deity. For gods with horns or antlers on their heads, see
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Imagining the Pagan Past: Gods and Goddesses in Literature and History Since the Dark Ages
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circles of England and France. Levi created his image of Baphomet, published in his
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The Roebuck in the Thicket: An Anthology of the Robert Cochrane Witchcraft Tradition
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and likely fitted with leather laces, have been uncovered at the Mesolithic site of
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was the first blacksmith. In this neopagan concept, the god is also referred to as
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god of twofold aspects: bright and dark, night and day, summer and winter, the
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Historically, the deity that was venerated at Egyptian Mendes was a ram deity
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in Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft – Volume 3, Number 1, Summer 2008, pp. 81–85
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Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches § Influence on Wicca and Stregheria
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term for a horned or antlered anthropomorphic god partly based on historical
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The Celtic Tarot and the Secret Traditions: A Study in Modern Legend Making
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following historians who had purported the Witch-Cult's existence, such as
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Murray's theories have been seen to have had influence on the horror film
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grasshoppers, manifested at the climax of the film by a fiery horned god.
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Pearson, Joanne; Roberts, Richard H; Samuel, Geoffrey (December 1998).
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In the critically acclaimed and influential 1950s TV series created by
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ceremony where Robin plays the part of Cernunnos, the Horned God.
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Arcana Mundi: Magic and the Occult in the Greek and Roman Worlds
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The Triumph of the Moon: a History of Modern Pagan Witchcaraft
2091:. Baphomet serves as an historical model for Murray's concept. 1959:
was removed from its classical context in the writings of the
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Grant, Joan (March 1985). "Review: "Too Long A Sacrifice"".
1352:, all claimed that their religion was a continuation of the 1989:, must be "match against", and compared with the claims in 1614:, the Horned God was often referred to by a Biblical name; 3731:
Teenage Witches: Magical Youth and the Search for the Self
3573:. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp.  3430:"Cave Art Cobblers? – Beachcombing's Bizarre History Blog" 2268:, and his worshippers were cast by the Church as witches. 2075:, and his worshippers were cast by the Church as witches. 1944:
illustrations, rather than a depiction of a single scene.
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Sullivan, C. W. (May 1987). "Review: "Sword at Sunset"".
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meaning "Horned One", as Murray offered in her 1931 book
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Sherry Salman considers the image of the Horned God in
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The 19th century image of a Sabbatic Goat, created by
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origin, and Gardner also used this name in his novel
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itself predates Wicca, and is an early 20th-century
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Nature Religion Today: Paganism in the Modern World
1720:relating to both the physical body and the psyche. 60: 39: 3194: 2860: 2477:published the first part of a serial story called 2059:, a horned god of the Celts, with the Greco-Roman 1993:. He further suggests that a lack of comfort with 1653:, the Horned God goes by several names, including 1558:suggests the term derived instead from the Arabic 3652:. Methuen & Company – via Google Books. 1416:Other important dates for the Horned God include 3666:The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles 3648:Budge, Sir Ernest Alfred Wallis (28 July 2018). 1308:The Horned God has been explored within several 3245: 3243: 2145: 1668:In the Hinduism, the Horned God is referred to 1426: 1381:carries the souls of the dead to the underworld 3321: 3319: 3317: 1430:and the Horned Lord of Death and Resurrection 4011: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3551: 2107:had demonised these worshippers as following 1312:theories and has become a recurrent theme in 1177: 46:God of nature, wilderness, sexuality, hunting 8: 3892:The Search for a Woman-centered Spirituality 3151:"The Hindu- Pashupati and the Harappan seal" 2936: 2934: 1935:Murray also used an inaccurate drawing of a 1328:The "Cernunnos" type antlered figure on the 27:Deity in Wicca and some forms of Neopaganism 3958:Robin Hood : myth, history and culture 3448:Ecstasies: Deciphering the Witches' Sabbath 2829: 2827: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2576:early modern inquisition against witchcraft 1200:is one of the two primary deities found in 4079: 4018: 4004: 3996: 3878:. Boca Raton: Florida Atlantic University. 3812:. Boca Raton: Florida Atlantic University. 3478: 3476: 3136:"Wicca- Wiccan Symbols the Ultimate Guide" 3103: 3101: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3037: 1184: 1170: 71: 3778: 3776: 2375:novels, including the medieval-set novel 1520:, which is a Latin word, discovered on a 3849:Chibnall, Steve; Petley, Julian (2001). 3465:. Cornell University Press. p. 37. 2043:Witch-cult hypothesis § Post-Murray 1550:, which he believed was a corruption of 1420:when, according to Valiente, he leads a 3586: 3584: 3331:The Witch-cult in Western Europe (1921) 2697:Farrar, Janet; Farrar, Stewart (1989). 2650: 2415:(1981), a male character, Tadhg, is an 2336:a horned satyr-like being with hooves. 1693:Bronze figurine of a "Horned God" from 1630:, the smith in Germanic mythology, and 1251:upon his head, often depicted as being 83: 3528:Clifton, Chas; Harvey, Graham (2004). 3483:Clifton, Chas; Harvey, Graham (2004). 2888:Farrer, Janet; Stewart Farrer (2002). 2867:. State University of New York Press. 2801: 2799: 2797: 2795: 1482:, though this has not been confirmed. 36: 3729:Berger, Helen; Ezzy, Douglas (2007). 1809:dates from perhaps 13,000 BCE. 1649:and loosely inspired by the works of 7: 4855:Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches 2945:. University of Pennsylvania Press. 2863:New Age Religion and Western Culture 1428:In the name of the Lady of the Moon, 1006:Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches 2699:The Witches' god: Lord of the Dance 1955:The popular image of the Greek god 1877:In 1931 Murray published a sequel, 4939:Left-hand path and right-hand path 3920:. New York: Brooklyn Company, Inc. 2659:Witchcraft Historiography (review) 2224:Gerald Gardner was initiated into 2127:card of the 16th and 17th century 1568:, a source that likely influenced 25: 3201:. Northwestern University Press. 2751:Clute, John; Grant, John (1997). 2209:Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn 2118:Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie 1504:, a former High Priestess of the 1266:), he is generally regarded as a 4594:Spellwork / Incantation 4066: 3983: 3406:Witches, Druids, and King Arthur 3278:. Trustees of the British Museum 2968:A Popular Dictionary of Paganism 2272:Art, fantasy and science fiction 1847:The Witch-Cult in Western Europe 1728:and animus. One such example is 1508:, claimed that Gerald Gardner's 1379:writes that the Horned God also 389:Spellwork / Incantation 91: 52: 5016:Witchcraft Research Association 3224:Discover your sub-personalities 1811:Twenty-one red deer headdresses 1626:, a Welsh mythological figure, 1146:Witchcraft Research Association 665:Witchcraft Research Association 5079:New religious movement deities 5011:Museum of Witchcraft and Magic 4423:Holly King / Oak King 2859:Hanegraaff, Wouter J. (1997). 2220:Aleister Crowley § Occult 1813:, made from the skulls of the 1778:Theories of historical origins 1762:proposes the Horned God as a " 1546:referred to the Horned God as 1229:duotheistic theological system 1223:The Horned God represents the 1121:Museum of Witchcraft and Magic 466:Holly King / Oak King 1: 3895:. New York University Press. 3463:Witchcraft in the Middle Ages 3356:The God of the Witches (1931) 2808:Introduction to Pagan Studies 2471:In June 1986, the comic book 2207:, which came together in the 2030:as the god of the witches in 1641:In the neopagan tradition of 1599:, the god was referred to as 1528:, which she theorised was of 1522:stone carving found in France 4914:List of Wiccan organisations 3733:. Rutgers University Press. 3276:"British Museum headdresses" 3134:WiseWitch (5 August 2020) . 2639:Triple Goddess (Neopaganism) 2419:of a benevolent Horned God. 2047:In 1985 Classical historian 1584:as a subordinate consort to 4112:Chthonioi Alexandrian Wicca 3632:with the "goat at Mendes." 3149:Pattanaik, Devdutt (2022). 2806:Davy, Barbara Jane (2006). 2753:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy 2748:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy 1869:of the Indian sub-religion 1480:descent into the underworld 1272:Oak King and the Holly King 633:New Reformed Orthodox Order 511:Chthonioi Alexandrian Wicca 5110: 4143:Church and School of Wicca 4064: 3889:van Dyke, Annette (1992). 3197:Jungian Literary Criticism 3112:. Capall Bann Publishing. 2941:Magliocco, Sabina (2004). 2521:In the popular video game 2456:is taught and guided by a 2217: 2175: 2040: 1970: 1951:Influences from literature 1889:sources, ranging from the 1833:Following the writings of 1798:Sketch of Breuil's drawing 1786:A red deer headdress from 1756:Mythopoetic men's movement 1204:and some related forms of 650:SpiralScouts International 618:Church and School of Wicca 603:Aquarian Tabernacle Church 531:Church and School of Wicca 29: 4862:The Meaning of Witchcraft 3759:. John Wiley & Sons. 3532:. Routledge. p. 61. 3510:The Rebirth of Witchcraft 3508:Valiente, Doreen (2007). 3354:Murray, Margaret (1970). 3333:. Standard Publications. 3170:The Inner World of Trauma 3168:Kalsched, Donald (1996). 2993:The Rebirth of Witchcraft 2991:Valiente, Doreen (2007). 2913:Salomonsen, Jone (2001). 2834:Greenwood, Susan (2005). 2480:Sláine and the Horned God 2397:The Blood on Satan's Claw 2095:Eliphas Levi's image of " 2079:Influences from occultism 1893:French cave painting of " 1825:worship of a Horned God. 1445:The Meaning of Witchcraft 1375:, virility and the hunt. 1264:British Traditional Wicca 1013:The Meaning of Witchcraft 51: 44: 4461:Wiccan views of divinity 4198:Universal Eclectic Wicca 3628:specifically associates 3016:Farrar, Stewart (2010). 2966:Pearson, Joanne (2002). 2778:"Some basic definitions" 2614:Horned deity (mythology) 2468:idea of the Horned God. 2439:as the "spring maiden". 2172:Gerald Gardner and Wicca 2018:(Cathedral of St. Paul, 1618:, who, according to the 780:Wiccan views of divinity 655:Universal Eclectic Wicca 581:Universal Eclectic Wicca 4944:Cunning folk in Britain 3956:Rennison, Nick (2012). 3783:Gibson, Marion (2013). 3663:Hutton, Ronald (1991). 3461:Russell, J. B. (1972). 3408:. Hambledon Continuum. 3404:Hutton, Ronald (2006). 3379:Purkiss, Diane (2006). 3298:Woman, Church and State 3252:Healing the Male Psyche 3090:Seims, Melissa (2007). 3048:Hutton, Ronald (1995). 2722:d'Este, Sorita (2008). 2701:. London: Robert Hale. 2561:take part in a violent 2300:The Wind in the Willows 2191:The "father of Wicca", 1634:, a horned figure from 1610:, which was founded by 1542:, a High Priest of the 1512:referred to the god as 1074:Cunning folk in Britain 660:Wiccan Church of Canada 628:Covenant of the Goddess 4728:Magical tools in Wicca 4300:Ipsita Roy Chakraverti 3933:500 Comicbook Villains 3825:Embracing the Darkness 3787:. Taylor and Francis. 3755:Halberstam, J (1996). 3669:. Blackwell. pp.  3296:Gage, Matilda (2008). 3193:Sugg, Richard (1994). 2346:Quatermass and the Pit 2294: 2289:(1789), which depicts 2154: 2092: 2023: 1901:to the modern English 1879:The God of the Witches 1874: 1799: 1791: 1750:Following the work of 1698: 1651:Charles Godfrey Leland 1566:The God of the Witches 1498: 1432: 1332: 1262:In traditional Wicca ( 870:Magical tools in Wicca 244:Ipsita Roy Chakraverti 5064:Modern pagan theology 4934:Witch-cult hypothesis 4890:Charge of the Goddess 4631:Solitary practitioner 4549:Drawing down the Moon 4330:Cerridwen Fallingstar 4051:Wicca and LGBT people 3935:. Collins and Brown. 3931:Conroy, Mike (2004). 3851:British Horror Cinema 3823:Callow, John (2017). 3108:Howard, Mike (2001). 3052:. Oxford Paperbacks. 2547:The historical novel 2540:The historical novel 2423:Marion Zimmer Bradley 2413:Mildred Downey Broxon 2407:In the fantasy novel 2279: 2178:Wicca § Theology 2137:copulated with a goat 2086: 2003: 1864: 1797: 1785: 1768:humanistic psychology 1746:Humanistic psychology 1692: 1580:deity conflated with 1544:Alexandrian tradition 1493: 1327: 1239:of the Moon or other 1041:Charge of the Goddess 645:The Rowan Tree Church 426:Solitary practitioner 344:Drawing down the Moon 274:Cerridwen Fallingstar 144:Witch-cult hypothesis 5069:Mythological hybrids 4107:Central Valley Wicca 3992:at Wikimedia Commons 3381:The Witch in History 3250:Rowan, John (1996). 3222:Rowan, John (1993). 2726:. London: Avalonia. 2460:-like figure called 2409:Too Long A Sacrifice 2358:The Golden Strangers 2248:Romano-Celtic fusion 2211:, where Gardner met 1506:Gardnerian tradition 595:Wiccan organisations 506:Central Valley Wicca 4955:Malleus Maleficarum 4949:European witchcraft 4929:Neopagan witchcraft 4084:British Traditional 4027:Neopagan witchcraft 3960:. Oldcastle Books. 3635:De Iside et Osiride 3611:ii. 42, 46 and 166. 3530:The Paganism Reader 3512:. Robert Hale Ltd. 3485:The Paganism reader 3300:. Forgotten Books. 3092:"The Coven of Atho" 3020:. Robert Hale Ltd. 2995:. Robert Hale Ltd. 2892:. Robert Hale Ltd. 2838:. Berg Publishers. 2836:The nature of magic 2487:and illustrated by 2373:Rosemary Sutcliff's 1844:, in her 1921 book 1838:Matilda Joslyn Gage 1803:Many horned deities 1591:In the writings of 1330:Gundestrup Cauldron 1115:Malleus Maleficarum 1084:European witchcraft 613:Children of Artemis 4970:Magical alphabets 4919:Bricket Wood coven 4897:Enchanted Feminism 4290:Zsuzsanna Budapest 4046:Etymology of Wicca 3876:Fantasy Newsletter 3810:Fantasy Newsletter 3074:Culture and Cosmos 2915:Enchanted Feminism 2890:The Witches' bible 2810:. AltaMira Press. 2788:on 6 January 2007. 2657:Michael D. Bailey 2446:television series 2295: 2141:E. A. Wallis Budge 2129:Tarot of Marseille 2093: 2024: 1875: 1800: 1792: 1699: 1510:Bricket Wood coven 1499: 1333: 1227:of the religion's 1048:Enchanted Feminism 635:of the Golden Dawn 234:Zsuzsanna Budapest 127:Bricket Wood coven 122:Etymology of Wicca 5031: 5030: 4652:Wheel of the Year 4305:Patricia Crowther 4206: 4205: 4092:Alexandrian Wicca 4057:Dettmer v. Landon 3988:Media related to 3967:978-1-842-43247-1 3834:978-1-786-73261-3 3794:978-1-135-08254-3 3740:978-0-8135-4021-4 3519:978-0-7090-8369-6 3307:978-1-60620-191-6 3027:978-0-7090-9014-4 3002:978-0-7090-8369-6 2776:Starhawk (2006). 2733:978-1-905297-17-7 2449:Robin of Sherwood 2444:Richard Carpenter 2281:Francisco de Goya 1977:The reception of 1939:rock-painting at 1916:In dealing with " 1739:Wuthering Heights 1403:Wheel of the Year 1194: 1193: 685:Wheel of the Year 491:Alexandrian Wicca 337:Rites and rituals 249:Patricia Crowther 138:Dettmer v. Landon 70: 69: 16:(Redirected from 5101: 5001:Witches' Sabbath 4924:New Forest coven 4883:Witchcraft Today 4869:The Spiral Dance 4416:Spirit of nature 4375:Silver RavenWolf 4320:Scott Cunningham 4310:Vivianne Crowley 4280:Raymond Buckland 4148:Cochrane's Craft 4117:Gardnerian Wicca 4080: 4070: 4041:History of Wicca 4020: 4013: 4006: 3997: 3987: 3972: 3971: 3953: 3947: 3946: 3928: 3922: 3921: 3913: 3907: 3906: 3886: 3880: 3879: 3871: 3865: 3864: 3845: 3839: 3838: 3820: 3814: 3813: 3805: 3799: 3798: 3780: 3771: 3770: 3757:Posthuman Bodies 3751: 3745: 3744: 3726: 3720: 3719: 3691: 3685: 3684: 3660: 3654: 3653: 3645: 3639: 3618: 3612: 3605: 3599: 3598:, Vol. 109, 1998 3590:Juliette Wood, " 3588: 3579: 3578: 3572: 3559: 3546: 3543: 3523: 3505: 3499: 3498: 3480: 3471: 3470: 3458: 3452: 3451: 3440: 3434: 3433: 3426: 3420: 3419: 3401: 3395: 3394: 3376: 3370: 3369: 3351: 3345: 3344: 3327:Murray, Margaret 3323: 3312: 3311: 3293: 3287: 3286: 3284: 3283: 3272: 3266: 3265: 3247: 3238: 3237: 3219: 3213: 3212: 3200: 3190: 3184: 3183: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3146: 3140: 3139: 3131: 3125: 3123: 3105: 3096: 3095: 3094:. Thewica.co.uk. 3087: 3081: 3070: 3064: 3063: 3045: 3032: 3031: 3013: 3007: 3006: 2988: 2982: 2981: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2943:Witching Culture 2938: 2929: 2928: 2910: 2904: 2903: 2885: 2879: 2878: 2866: 2856: 2850: 2849: 2831: 2822: 2821: 2803: 2790: 2789: 2784:. Archived from 2773: 2767: 2766: 2744: 2738: 2737: 2719: 2713: 2712: 2694: 2683: 2682: 2680: 2679: 2668: 2662: 2655: 2609:Herne the Hunter 2527:, its expansion 2507:Lords and Ladies 2462:Herne the Hunter 2366:human sacrifices 2321:Arthur C. Clarke 2213:Aleister Crowley 1685:Jungian analysis 1636:English folklore 1608:Cochrane's Craft 1554:. The historian 1534:High Magic's Aid 1442:says (in 1959's 1436:Sabina Magliocco 1356:religion of the 1186: 1179: 1172: 1151:Witches' Sabbath 1034:Witchcraft Today 1020:The Spiral Dance 623:Circle Sanctuary 536:Cochrane's Craft 516:Gardnerian Wicca 314:Silver RavenWolf 264:Scott Cunningham 254:Vivianne Crowley 224:Raymond Buckland 132:New Forest coven 117:History of Wicca 110:History of Wicca 101: 95: 72: 56: 37: 21: 5109: 5108: 5104: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5099: 5098: 5034: 5033: 5032: 5027: 5006:Flying ointment 4902: 4876:What Witches Do 4842: 4763:Book of Shadows 4716: 4640: 4619:Rite of passage 4584:Herbal medicine 4541: 4535: 4446:Wiccan morality 4438: 4432: 4389: 4370:Rosaleen Norton 4365:Frederic Lamond 4360:Philip Heselton 4315:Robert Cochrane 4295:Charles Cardell 4285:Eddie Buczynski 4255:Victor Anderson 4225:Doreen Valiente 4212: 4202: 4121: 4102:Blue Star Wicca 4071: 4062: 4029: 4024: 3980: 3975: 3968: 3955: 3954: 3950: 3943: 3930: 3929: 3925: 3915: 3914: 3910: 3903: 3888: 3887: 3883: 3873: 3872: 3868: 3861: 3848: 3846: 3842: 3835: 3822: 3821: 3817: 3807: 3806: 3802: 3795: 3782: 3781: 3774: 3767: 3754: 3752: 3748: 3741: 3728: 3727: 3723: 3708: 3693: 3692: 3688: 3681: 3662: 3661: 3657: 3647: 3646: 3642: 3619: 3615: 3606: 3602: 3589: 3582: 3561: 3560: 3549: 3540: 3527: 3520: 3507: 3506: 3502: 3495: 3482: 3481: 3474: 3460: 3459: 3455: 3444:Ginzburg, Carlo 3442: 3441: 3437: 3428: 3427: 3423: 3416: 3403: 3402: 3398: 3391: 3378: 3377: 3373: 3366: 3353: 3352: 3348: 3341: 3325: 3324: 3315: 3308: 3295: 3294: 3290: 3281: 3279: 3274: 3273: 3269: 3262: 3249: 3248: 3241: 3234: 3221: 3220: 3216: 3209: 3192: 3191: 3187: 3180: 3167: 3166: 3162: 3148: 3147: 3143: 3133: 3132: 3128: 3120: 3107: 3106: 3099: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3071: 3067: 3060: 3047: 3046: 3035: 3028: 3018:What Witches Do 3015: 3014: 3010: 3003: 2990: 2989: 2985: 2978: 2965: 2964: 2960: 2953: 2940: 2939: 2932: 2925: 2912: 2911: 2907: 2900: 2887: 2886: 2882: 2875: 2858: 2857: 2853: 2846: 2833: 2832: 2825: 2818: 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598: 597: 586: 585: 501:Blue Star Wicca 486: 485: 476: 475: 446: 445: 436: 435: 414:Rite of passage 379:Herbal medicine 339: 338: 329: 328: 309:Frederic Lamond 304:Philip Heselton 259:Robert Cochrane 239:Charles Cardell 229:Eddie Buczynski 199:Victor Anderson 169:Doreen Valiente 159: 158: 157:Notable figures 149: 148: 112: 111: 102: 97: 47: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5107: 5105: 5097: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5049:Fantasy tropes 5046: 5036: 5035: 5029: 5028: 5026: 5025: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4987: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4910: 4908: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4900: 4893: 4886: 4879: 4872: 4865: 4858: 4850: 4848: 4844: 4843: 4841: 4840: 4838:Witch's ladder 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4783:Chalice/Goblet 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4724: 4722: 4718: 4717: 4715: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 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Bloomsbury. 3815: 3800: 3793: 3772: 3765: 3746: 3739: 3721: 3706: 3686: 3679: 3655: 3640: 3613: 3600: 3580: 3547: 3545: 3544: 3538: 3518: 3500: 3493: 3472: 3453: 3435: 3432:. 6 July 2011. 3421: 3414: 3396: 3389: 3371: 3364: 3346: 3339: 3313: 3306: 3288: 3267: 3260: 3239: 3232: 3214: 3207: 3185: 3178: 3160: 3141: 3126: 3118: 3097: 3082: 3065: 3058: 3033: 3026: 3008: 3001: 2983: 2976: 2958: 2951: 2930: 2923: 2905: 2898: 2880: 2873: 2851: 2844: 2823: 2816: 2791: 2768: 2761: 2739: 2732: 2724:Horns of Power 2714: 2707: 2684: 2663: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2641: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2568:The 2015 film 2542:The White Mare 2427:Arthurian myth 2286:Witches Sabbat 2273: 2270: 2249: 2246: 2218:Main article: 2193:Gerald Gardner 2176:Main article: 2173: 2170: 2080: 2077: 2041:Main article: 1987:Raven Grimassi 1971:Main article: 1952: 1949: 1911:Jules Michelet 1830: 1827: 1779: 1776: 1747: 1744: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1674:Pashupati seal 1647:Raven Grimassi 1597:Raymond Howard 1540:Stewart Farrar 1487: 1484: 1440:Gerald Gardner 1407:autumn equinox 1373:the wilderness 1362:Jules Michelet 1342:Gerald Gardner 1321: 1318: 1253:theriocephalic 1241:Mother goddess 1237:Triple goddess 1235:of the female 1218:horned deities 1192: 1191: 1189: 1188: 1181: 1174: 1166: 1163: 1162: 1159: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1111: 1109:LGBT and Wicca 1106: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1065: 1061: 1060: 1059: 1056: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1044: 1037: 1030: 1023: 1016: 1009: 1001: 997: 996: 995: 992: 991: 988: 987: 985:Witch's ladder 982: 977: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 942: 937: 932: 927: 925:Chalice/Goblet 922: 917: 912: 907: 902: 897: 892: 887: 882: 877: 872: 866: 862: 861: 860: 857: 856: 853: 852: 847: 842: 837: 832: 827: 822: 817: 815:The Summerland 812: 807: 802: 797: 792: 787: 782: 777: 772: 767: 761: 757: 756: 755: 752: 751: 748: 747: 742: 737: 732: 727: 722: 717: 712: 707: 702: 697: 692: 687: 681: 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14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5106: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5084:Pseudohistory 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5041: 5039: 5023: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4991:Witching hour 4989: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4956: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4911: 4909: 4905: 4899: 4898: 4894: 4892: 4891: 4887: 4885: 4884: 4880: 4878: 4877: 4873: 4871: 4870: 4866: 4864: 4863: 4859: 4857: 4856: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4845: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4725: 4723: 4721:Paraphernalia 4719: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4649: 4647: 4643: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4626: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4579:Cone of power 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4569:Fivefold kiss 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4546: 4544: 4538: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4501:Reincarnation 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4456:Rule of Three 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4443: 4441: 4435: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4417: 4414: 4413: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4398: 4396: 4392: 4386: 4385:Joseph Wilson 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4275:Jack Bracelin 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4217: 4215: 4209: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4153:Coven of Atho 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4130: 4128: 4124: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4089: 4087: 4085: 4081: 4078: 4074: 4069: 4059: 4058: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4038: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4021: 4016: 4014: 4009: 4007: 4002: 4001: 3998: 3991: 3986: 3982: 3981: 3977: 3969: 3963: 3959: 3952: 3949: 3944: 3942:1-843-40205-X 3938: 3934: 3927: 3924: 3919: 3912: 3909: 3904: 3902:0-8147-8770-3 3898: 3894: 3893: 3885: 3882: 3877: 3870: 3867: 3862: 3860:0-415-23004-7 3856: 3853:. Routledge. 3852: 3844: 3841: 3836: 3830: 3826: 3819: 3816: 3811: 3804: 3801: 3796: 3790: 3786: 3779: 3777: 3773: 3768: 3766:0-253-20970-6 3762: 3758: 3750: 3747: 3742: 3736: 3732: 3725: 3722: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3707:0-7486-1057-X 3703: 3699: 3698: 3690: 3687: 3682: 3680:0-631-17288-2 3676: 3672: 3668: 3667: 3659: 3656: 3651: 3644: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3617: 3614: 3610: 3604: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3587: 3585: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3570: 3564: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3548: 3541: 3539:0-415-30353-2 3535: 3531: 3526: 3525: 3521: 3515: 3511: 3504: 3501: 3496: 3494:0-415-30353-2 3490: 3487:. Routledge. 3486: 3479: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3464: 3457: 3454: 3449: 3445: 3439: 3436: 3431: 3425: 3422: 3417: 3415:1-85285-555-X 3411: 3407: 3400: 3397: 3392: 3390:0-415-08762-7 3386: 3383:. Routledge. 3382: 3375: 3372: 3367: 3365:0-19-501270-4 3361: 3357: 3350: 3347: 3342: 3340:1-59462-126-8 3336: 3332: 3328: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3314: 3309: 3303: 3299: 3292: 3289: 3277: 3271: 3268: 3263: 3261:0-415-10049-6 3257: 3254:. Routledge. 3253: 3246: 3244: 3240: 3235: 3233:0-415-07366-9 3229: 3226:. Routledge. 3225: 3218: 3215: 3210: 3208:0-8101-1042-3 3204: 3199: 3198: 3189: 3186: 3181: 3179:0-415-12329-1 3175: 3172:. Routledge. 3171: 3164: 3161: 3156: 3152: 3145: 3142: 3137: 3130: 3127: 3121: 3119:1-86163-155-3 3115: 3111: 3104: 3102: 3098: 3093: 3086: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3069: 3066: 3061: 3059:0-19-285449-6 3055: 3051: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3034: 3029: 3023: 3019: 3012: 3009: 3004: 2998: 2994: 2987: 2984: 2979: 2977:0-7007-1591-6 2973: 2970:. Routledge. 2969: 2962: 2959: 2954: 2952:0-8122-3803-6 2948: 2944: 2937: 2935: 2931: 2926: 2924:0-415-22393-8 2920: 2917:. Routledge. 2916: 2909: 2906: 2901: 2899:0-7090-7227-9 2895: 2891: 2884: 2881: 2876: 2874:0-7914-3854-6 2870: 2865: 2864: 2855: 2852: 2847: 2845:1-84520-095-0 2841: 2837: 2830: 2828: 2824: 2819: 2817:0-7591-0819-6 2813: 2809: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2792: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2772: 2769: 2764: 2762:1-85723-368-9 2758: 2754: 2749: 2743: 2740: 2735: 2729: 2725: 2718: 2715: 2710: 2708:0-7090-3319-2 2704: 2700: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2685: 2674:. Druidry.org 2673: 2667: 2664: 2660: 2654: 2651: 2645: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2619:Horned helmet 2617: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2587: 2586: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2573: 2572: 2566: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2551: 2545: 2543: 2538: 2536: 2532: 2531: 2526: 2525: 2519: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2508: 2503: 2502: 2496: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2483:, written by 2482: 2481: 2476: 2475: 2469: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2438: 2434: 2433: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2405: 2403: 2399: 2398: 2392: 2390: 2389: 2384: 2380: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2354: 2352: 2348: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2334: 2333: 2328: 2327: 2322: 2318: 2317: 2313:In the novel 2311: 2308: 2306: 2302: 2301: 2292: 2288: 2287: 2282: 2278: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2230:Ronald Hutton 2227: 2221: 2216: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2179: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2153: 2151: 2144: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2125: 2120: 2119: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2090: 2085: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2044: 2039: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2011: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1974: 1969: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1938: 1933: 1929: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1872: 1868: 1863: 1859: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1848: 1843: 1839: 1836: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1796: 1789: 1784: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1740: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1721: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1706: 1704: 1696: 1691: 1684: 1680:In psychology 1679: 1677: 1675: 1671: 1666: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1645:, founded by 1644: 1639: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1604: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1562: 1557: 1556:Ronald Hutton 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1497: 1492: 1485: 1483: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1460: 1458: 1454: 1449: 1447: 1446: 1441: 1437: 1434:According to 1431: 1425: 1423: 1419: 1414: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1393: 1389: 1384: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1369: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1331: 1326: 1319: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1310:psychological 1306: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1187: 1182: 1180: 1175: 1173: 1168: 1167: 1165: 1164: 1157: 1156:Witching hour 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1116: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1066: 1058: 1057: 1050: 1049: 1045: 1043: 1042: 1038: 1036: 1035: 1031: 1029: 1028: 1024: 1022: 1021: 1017: 1015: 1014: 1010: 1008: 1007: 1003: 1002: 994: 993: 986: 983: 981: 978: 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489: 488: 480: 479: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 459: 457: 454: 452: 449: 448: 440: 439: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 421: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 374:Cone of power 372: 370: 367: 365: 364:Fivefold kiss 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 341: 333: 332: 325: 324:Joseph Wilson 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 219:Jack Bracelin 217: 215: 212: 210: 207: 205: 202: 200: 197: 195: 192: 190: 187: 185: 182: 180: 177: 175: 172: 170: 167: 165: 162: 161: 153: 152: 145: 142: 140: 139: 135: 133: 130: 128: 125: 123: 120: 118: 115: 114: 106: 105: 100: 94: 90: 89: 86: 82: 78: 74: 73: 66: 63: 59: 55: 50: 43: 38: 33: 19: 5059:Hunting gods 5022:Fluffy Bunny 4966:Cunning folk 4961:Granny woman 4953: 4895: 4888: 4881: 4874: 4867: 4860: 4853: 4636:Spiral dance 4623: 4574:Magic circle 4405: 4355:Yvonne Frost 4335:Janet Farrar 4250:Margot Adler 4230:Alex Sanders 4158:Dianic Wicca 4138:Celtic Wicca 4097:Algard Wicca 4055: 3957: 3951: 3932: 3926: 3917: 3911: 3891: 3884: 3875: 3869: 3850: 3843: 3824: 3818: 3809: 3803: 3784: 3756: 3749: 3730: 3724: 3696: 3689: 3665: 3658: 3643: 3634: 3621: 3616: 3608: 3603: 3595: 3568: 3529: 3509: 3503: 3484: 3466: 3462: 3456: 3447: 3438: 3424: 3405: 3399: 3380: 3374: 3355: 3349: 3330: 3297: 3291: 3280:. Retrieved 3270: 3251: 3223: 3217: 3196: 3188: 3169: 3163: 3154: 3144: 3129: 3124:Chapter One. 3109: 3085: 3077: 3073: 3068: 3049: 3017: 3011: 2992: 2986: 2967: 2961: 2942: 2914: 2908: 2889: 2883: 2862: 2854: 2835: 2807: 2786:the original 2781: 2780:. On-faith. 2771: 2752: 2747: 2746:Clute, John 2742: 2723: 2717: 2698: 2676:. Retrieved 2666: 2658: 2653: 2569: 2567: 2555:Angus Donald 2548: 2546: 2541: 2539: 2528: 2522: 2520: 2505: 2499: 2497: 2489:Simon Bisley 2478: 2474:2000 AD 2473: 2470: 2447: 2441: 2430: 2421: 2408: 2406: 2395: 2393: 2386: 2378:Knight's Fee 2376: 2370: 2362:Henry Treece 2357: 2355: 2344: 2341:Nigel Kneale 2338: 2330: 2324: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2298: 2296: 2284: 2251: 2242:Gnostic Mass 2238:Leo Ruickbie 2223: 2190: 2187: 2181: 2165: 2155: 2146: 2122: 2116: 2105:Christianity 2094: 2089:Eliphas LĂ©vi 2052: 2046: 2031: 2025: 2007: 1994: 1990: 1983:Leo Martello 1978: 1976: 1954: 1946: 1934: 1930: 1926:Jean Clottes 1922:Henri Breuil 1918:The Sorcerer 1915: 1907:James Frazer 1903:Dorset Ooser 1895:The Sorcerer 1878: 1876: 1845: 1840:and others, 1832: 1801: 1749: 1737: 1734:Emily BrontĂ« 1722: 1707: 1700: 1667: 1661:, Cern, and 1640: 1605: 1600: 1590: 1570:Alex Sanders 1565: 1561:Dhul-Qarnayn 1559: 1551: 1547: 1538: 1533: 1525: 1517: 1500: 1472:Mesopotamian 1461: 1450: 1443: 1433: 1427: 1415: 1385: 1370: 1334: 1316:literature. 1307: 1261: 1222: 1209: 1208:. The term 1197: 1195: 1113: 1104:Granny woman 1089:Fluffy Bunny 1069:Cunning folk 1046: 1039: 1032: 1025: 1018: 1011: 1004: 758:Key concepts 546:Dianic Wicca 526:Celtic Wicca 496:Algard Wicca 455: 431:Spiral dance 418: 369:Magic circle 299:Yvonne Frost 279:Janet Farrar 194:Margot Adler 174:Alex Sanders 136: 32:Horned deity 5074:Nature gods 5054:Horned gods 4559:Handfasting 4486:White magic 4451:Wiccan Rede 4350:Gavin Frost 4270:Lois Bourne 4163:Faery Wicca 3620:Herodotus, 3607:Herodotus, 3563:Luck, Georg 3358:. OUA USA. 3080:(1): 45–70. 2516:the witches 2371:In some of 2197:Freemasonry 2158:Banebdjedet 1891:paleolithic 1865:Horned God 1856:inquisition 1772:paraphillia 1206:Neopaganism 805:White magic 770:Wiccan Rede 551:Faery Wicca 354:Handfasting 294:Gavin Frost 214:Lois Bourne 5089:Solar gods 5044:Death gods 5038:Categories 4996:Witch-hunt 4847:Literature 4828:Tarot deck 4687:Lughnasadh 4614:Initiation 4609:Invocation 4604:Divination 4554:Great rite 4542:and ritual 4521:Watchtower 4491:Otherworld 4481:Witchcraft 4471:Craft name 4406:Horned God 4265:Gavin Bone 4240:Sybil Leek 4193:Stregheria 4183:Reclaiming 4076:Traditions 3990:Horned God 3524:Quoted in 3282:2018-01-17 2678:2014-02-25 2646:References 2559:Robin Hood 2553:(2009) by 2535:werewolves 2454:Robin Hood 2332:The Dæmons 2326:Doctor Who 2319:(1953) by 2297:In 1908's 2226:the O.T.O. 2049:Georg Luck 2022:, Belgium) 1937:mesolithic 1867:Naigamesha 1835:suffragist 1760:John Rowan 1752:Robert Bly 1730:Heathcliff 1643:Stregheria 1616:Tubal-cain 1468:Summerland 1464:Underworld 1358:Witch-Cult 1301:, and the 1210:Horned God 1198:Horned God 1141:Witch-hunt 998:Literature 970:Tarot deck 840:Watchtower 810:Otherworld 800:Witchcraft 790:Craft name 720:Lughnasadh 576:Stregheria 566:Reclaiming 484:Traditions 456:Horned God 409:Initiation 404:Invocation 399:Divination 349:Great rite 209:Gavin Bone 184:Sybil Leek 40:Horned God 4798:Parchment 4712:Wild Hunt 4682:Midsummer 4599:Banishing 4564:Wiccaning 4411:Green Man 4188:Seax-Wica 3637:, lxxiii. 3622:Histories 3609:Histories 3468:strength. 3155:The Hindu 2782:News-Week 2755:. 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Index

Janicot
Horned deity

Triple Goddess
a series
Wicca
Pentagram_(endless_knot)
Pentacle
History of Wicca
Etymology of Wicca
Bricket Wood coven
New Forest coven
Dettmer v. Landon
Witch-cult hypothesis
Gerald Gardner
Doreen Valiente
Alex Sanders
Maxine Sanders
Sybil Leek
Dafo
Margot Adler
Victor Anderson
Artemis
Gavin Bone
Lois Bourne
Jack Bracelin
Raymond Buckland
Eddie Buczynski
Zsuzsanna Budapest
Charles Cardell

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