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1405:. The seasonal cycle is imagined to follow the relationship between the Horned God and the Goddess. The Horned God is born in winter, impregnates the Goddess and then dies during the autumn and winter months and is then reborn by the Goddess at Yule. The different relationships throughout the year are sometimes distinguished by splitting the god into aspects, the Oak King and the Holly King. The relationships between the Goddess and the Horned God are mirrored by Wiccans in seasonal rituals. There is some variation between Wiccan groups as to which sabbat corresponds to which part of the cycle. Some Wiccans regard the Horned God as dying at Lammas, August 1; also known as Lughnasadh, which is the first harvest sabbat. Others may see him dying at Mabon, the
1459:. In traditional Wicca, however, these other representations of the Wiccan god are subsumed or amalgamated into the Horned God, as aspects or expressions of him. Sometimes this is shown by adding horns or antlers to the iconography. The Green Man, for example, may be shown with branches resembling antlers; and the Sun God may be depicted with a crown or halo of solar rays, that may resemble horns. These other conceptions of the Wiccan god should not be regarded as displacing the Horned God, but rather as elaborating on various facets of his nature. Doreen Valiente has called the Horned God "the eldest of gods" in both The Witches Creed and also in her Invocation To The Horned God.
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The
Mendisians, according to this last writer, paid reverence to all goats, and more to the males than to the females, and particularly to one he-goat, on the death of which public mourning is observed throughout the whole Mendesian district; they call both Pan and the goat Mendes, and both were worshipped as gods of generation and fecundity. Diodorus (
2307:, in Chapter 7, "The Piper at the Gates of Dawn", Ratty and Mole meet a mystical horned being, powerful, fearsome and kind. Grahame's work was a significant part of the cultural milieu which stripped the Greek god Pan of his cultural identity in favor of an unnamed, generic horned deity which led to Murray's thesis of historical origins.
1397:. In traditional Wicca, the Horned God and the Goddess are seen as equal and opposite in gender polarity. However, in some of the newer traditions of Wicca, and especially those influenced by feminist ideology, there is more emphasis on the Goddess, and consequently the symbolism of the Horned God is less developed than that of the
1448:) that The Horned God is an Under-god, a mediator between an unknowable supreme deity and the people. (In Wiccan liturgy in the Book of Shadows, this conception of an unknowable supreme deity is referred to as "Dryghtyn." It is not a personal god, but rather an impersonal divinity similar to the Tao of Taoism.)
2323:, all humans have a collective premonition, also described as a memory of the future, of horned aliens which arrive to usher in a new phase of human evolution. The collective subconscious image of the horned aliens is what accounts for mankind's image of the devil or Satan. This theme is also explored in the
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in 1971, where the local superstitions around a landmark known as The Devil's Hump prove to be based on reality, as aliens from the planet Dæmos have been affecting man's progress over the millennia and the Hump actually contains a spacecraft. The only Dæmon to appear is a classic interpretation of
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At several places in the Delta, e.g. Hermopolis, Lycopolis, and Mendes, the god Pan and a goat were worshipped; Strabo, quoting (xvii. 1, 19) Pindar, says that in these places goats had intercourse with women, and
Herodotus (ii. 46) instances a case which was said to have taken place in the open day.
1274:. In this dualistic view, his two horns symbolize, in part, his dual nature. (The use of horns to symbolize duality is also reflected in the phrase "on the horns of a dilemma.") The three aspects of the Goddess and the two aspects of the Horned god are sometimes mapped on to the five points of the
2152:) compares the cult of the goat of Mendes with that of Priapus, and groups the god with the Pans and the Satyrs. The goat referred to by all these writers is the famous Mendean Ram, or Ram of Mendes, the cult of which was, according to Manetho, established by Kakau, the king of the IInd dynasty.
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at the time led to the figure of Pan becoming generalised as a 'horned god', and applying connotations to the character, such as benevolence that were not evident in the original Greek myths which in turn gave rise to the popular acceptance of Murray's hypothetical horned god of the witches.
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in northeast Spain as evidence of group religious ceremony of the cult, although the central male figure is not horned. The illustration she used of the Cogul painting leaves out a number of figures, human and animal, and the original is more likely a sequence of superimposed but unrelated
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Other historians, like Byloff and Bonomo, have been willing to build upon the useful aspects of Murray's work without adopting its untenable elements, and the independent and careful researches of contemporary scholars have lent aspects of the Murray thesis considerable new
1924:, which some modern scholars such as Ronald Hutton claim is inaccurate. Hutton states that modern photographs show the original cave art lacks horns, a human torso or any other significant detail on its upper half. However, others, such as celebrated prehistorian
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In considering the Horned God as a symbol recurring in women's literature, Richard Sugg suggests the Horned God represents the 'natural Eros', a masculine lover subjugating the social-conformist nature of the female shadow, thus encompassing a combination of the
2185:'s theory of the historical origins of the Horned God has been used by Wiccans to create a myth of historical origins for their religion. There is no verifiable evidence to support claims that the religion originates earlier than the mid-20th century.
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Breuil considered his drawing to represent a shaman or magician—an interpretation which gives the image its name. Murray having seen the drawing called Breuil's image "the first depiction of a deity", an idea which Breuil and others later adopted.
2135:' account that the god of Mendes—the Greek name for Djedet, Egypt—was depicted with a goat's face and legs. Herodotus relates how all male goats were held in great reverence by the Mendesians, and how in his time a woman publicly
2195:, who adopted Margaret Murray's thesis, claimed Wicca was a modern survival of an ancient pan-European pagan religion. Gardner states that he had reconstructed elements of the religion from fragments, incorporating elements from
2264:, a combination of gods which he posits created a new deity, around which the remaining pagans, those refusing to convert to Christianity, rallied and that this deity provided the prototype for later Christian conceptions of
1716:. If split off entirely, he leads to violence, substance abuse and sexual perversion. When integrated he gives the male an ego "in possession of its own destructiveness" and for the female psyche gives an effective
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In traditional and mainstream Wicca, the Horned God is viewed as the divine male principality, being both equal and opposite to the
Goddess. The Wiccan god himself can be represented in many forms, including as the
2099:" serves as an example of the transformation of the Devil into a benevolent fertility deity and provided the prototype for Murray's horned god. Murray's central thesis that images of the Devil were actually of
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Modern scholarship has disproved
Margaret Murray's theory. However, various horned gods and mother goddesses were indeed worshipped in the British Isles during the ancient and early Medieval periods.
1603:. Howard had a wooden statue of Atho's head which he claimed was 2200 years old, but the statue was stolen in April 1967. Howard's son later admitted that his father had carved the statue himself.
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terms, as an archetypal protector and mediator of the outside world to the objective psyche. In her theory the male psyche's 'Horned God' frequently compensates for inadequate fathering.
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Outside of works that predate the publication of Murray's thesis, horned god motifs and characters appear in fantasy literature that draws upon her work and that of her followers.
1243:. In common Wiccan belief, he is associated with nature, wilderness, sexuality, hunting, and the life cycle. Whilst depictions of the deity vary, he is always shown with either
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was "too strong meat" for
Wiccans who were used to the gentler, romantic paganism of Gerald Gardner and were especially quick to reject any relationship between witchcraft and
2349:, depictions of supernatural horned entities, with specific reference to prehistoric cave-art and shamanistic horned head-dress are revealed to be a "race-memory" of psychic
1850:, proposed the theory that the witches of the early-modern period were remnants of a pagan cult and that the Christian Church had declared the god of the witches was in fact
1340:, the Sacrificed God and the Vegetation God, although the Horned God is the most popular representation. The pioneers of the various Wiccan or Witchcraft traditions, such as
2544:(2004) by Jules Watson, set in Scotland in the year 79 CE, features a scene where the heroine is partnered with a priest of the Horned God during a religious ceremony.
1742:. Sugg goes on to note that female characters who are paired with this character usually end up socially ostracised, or worse—in an inverted ending to the male hero-story.
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while wearing a hood with stag's horns attached to it. According to historian Marion Gibson, Treece based the
Hornman character on Murray's conception of the Horned God.
2055:, theorised that the origins of the Witch-cult may have appeared in late antiquity as a faith primarily designed to worship the Horned God, stemming from the merging of
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1881:, which tries to gather evidence in support of her witch-cult theory. In Chapter 1 "The Horned God". Murray claims that various depictions of humans with horns from
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amongst
Neopagans has not been entirely positive. Clifton suggests that modern claims of revealing an Italian pagan witchcraft tradition, for example those of
2391:(1963), several of the heroes worship a stag-antlered deity called the Horned One. The depiction of this deity is similar to that given in Murray's writings.
2533:(2003) has a plot enemy known as Hircine, the Daedric god of the Hunt, who appears as a horned man with the face of a deer skull. He condemned his "hounds" (
2537:) to walk the mortal ground during the Bloodmoon until a champion defeats him or Bloodmoon falls. When in combat, Hircine appears as a horned wolf or bear.
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are known to have been worshipped in various cultures throughout history. Evidence for horned gods appear very early in the human record. The so-called
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and is the primary antagonist in a story rich with antagonists. He presents as a
Fertility God who has largely lost his mind and become nihilistic.
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Wiccans believe that The Horned God, as Lord of Death, is their "comforter and consoler" after death and before reincarnation; and that he rules the
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of the 18th century and connected with their ideals of a pastoral
England. This, along with the general public's increasing lack of familiarity of
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Whilst the Horned God is the most common depiction of masculine divinity in Wicca, he is not the only representation. Other examples include the
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flanked by
Satanic witches. The Witch Cult hypothesis states that such stories are based upon a real-life pagan cult that revered a horned god.
1905:, are evidence for an unbroken, Europe-wide tradition of worship of a singular Horned God. Murray derived this model of a horned god cult from
2464:(a figure from English legend). Herne wears a headdress of a horned stag's head. Carpenter stated in an interview that Herne was based on the
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Georg Luck, repeats part of Murray's theory, stating that the Horned God may have appeared in late antiquity, stemming from the merging of
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by Aleister Crowley and subsequently went on to found the Neopagan religion of Wicca. Various scholars on early Wiccan history, such as
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1821:. They are thought to date from roughly 9,000 BCE. Several theories have been created to establish historical roots for modern
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1424:. In Gardnerian Wicca, the Dryghten prayer recited at the end of every ritual meeting contains the lines referring to the Horned God:
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that swept across Europe, deals with an interpretation of the Horned God, which takes the form of Black Phillip, the family goat.
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For Wiccans, the Horned God is "the personification of the life force energy in animals and the wild" and is associated with
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Wiccans generally, as well as some other neopagans, tend to conceive of the universe as polarized into gender opposites of
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who are the heroines of the book (indeed, quite the reverse), they temporarily ally themselves with him out of necessity.
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where the souls of the dead reside as they await rebirth. Some, such as Joanne Pearson, believe that this is based on the
1409:, or the second harvest festival. Still other Wiccans conceive of the Horned God dying on October 31, which Wiccans call
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When first encountered, the figure is a dangerous, 'hairy chthonic wildman' possessed of kindness and intelligence. If
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1854:. Without recourse to any specific representation of this deity, Murray speculates that the head coverings common in
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may be due to an "insecurity" within Neopaganism about the movement's claim to authenticity as a religious revival.
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2435:(1984), and portrays ritualistic incest between King Arthur as the representative of the horned god and his sister
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concur that witchcraft's early rituals, as devised by Gardner, contained much from Crowley's writings such as the
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Despite widespread criticism of Murray's scholarship some minor aspects of her work continued to have supporters.
1282:, although which points correspond to which deity aspects varies. In some other systems, he is represented as a
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White, Eric (1996). "Once they were men: Now they're Landcrabs: Monsterous Becomings in Evolutionist Cinema", in
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Valiente offers another explanation for the negative reaction of some neopagans; that the identification of
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Altar statues of the Horned God and Mother Goddess crafted by Bel Bucca and owned by the "Mother of Wicca",
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as a he-goat, further imagined by him as "copulator in Anep and inseminator in the district of Mendes".
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Bernstein, Abbie (February 1990). "Legends of the Hooded Man : Richard Carpenter interview".
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Jones, P. 2005. A Goddess Arrives: Nineteenth Century Sources of the New Age Triple Moon Goddess.
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features a "Hornman", a priest of the "Children of the Sun" tribe. The Hornman performs numerous
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1858:-derived descriptions of the devil "may throw light on one of the possible origins of the cult."
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Arcana Mundi: Magic and the Occult in the Greek and Roman Worlds: A Collection of Ancient Texts
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Hunt, Leon (2001). "Necromancy in the UK: Witchcraft and the occult in British horror", in
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This article is about the Wiccan deity. For gods with horns or antlers on their heads, see
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Imagining the Pagan Past: Gods and Goddesses in Literature and History Since the Dark Ages
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2160:(literally Ba of the lord of djed, and titled "the Lord of Mendes"), who was the soul of
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2067:, a combination of gods which he posits created a new deity, around which the remaining
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circles of England and France. Levi created his image of Baphomet, published in his
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The Roebuck in the Thicket: An Anthology of the Robert Cochrane Witchcraft Tradition
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and likely fitted with leather laces, have been uncovered at the Mesolithic site of
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was the first blacksmith. In this neopagan concept, the god is also referred to as
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god of twofold aspects: bright and dark, night and day, summer and winter, the
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Historically, the deity that was venerated at Egyptian Mendes was a ram deity
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in Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft – Volume 3, Number 1, Summer 2008, pp. 81–85
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Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches § Influence on Wicca and Stregheria
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term for a horned or antlered anthropomorphic god partly based on historical
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The Celtic Tarot and the Secret Traditions: A Study in Modern Legend Making
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following historians who had purported the Witch-Cult's existence, such as
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Murray's theories have been seen to have had influence on the horror film
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grasshoppers, manifested at the climax of the film by a fiery horned god.
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2400:(1971), where a murderous female-led cult worships a horned deity named
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Pearson, Joanne; Roberts, Richard H; Samuel, Geoffrey (December 1998).
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In the critically acclaimed and influential 1950s TV series created by
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2121:(1855), by combining symbolism from diverse traditions, including the
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1572:. Prudence Jones has suggested that the name may instead derive from
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ceremony where Robin plays the part of Cernunnos, the Horned God.
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4465:
2633:
2562:
2275:
2265:
2177:
2108:
2082:
2072:
2068:
1999:
1886:
1860:
1793:
1781:
1713:
1688:
1654:
1619:
1489:
1323:
1256:
1201:
1125:
969:
894:
824:
784:
739:
84:
2256:, an antlered god of the Continental Celts, with the Greco-Roman
2131:. LĂ©vi called his image "The Goat of Mendes", possibly following
4832:
4701:
2598:
2053:
Arcana Mundi: Magic and the Occult in the Greek and Roman Worlds
979:
734:
3999:
2491:. Based in Celtic mythology, the Horned God is identified with
3650:"The Gods of the Egyptians: Or, Studies in Egyptian Mythology"
3050:
The Triumph of the Moon: a History of Modern Pagan Witchcaraft
2091:. Baphomet serves as an historical model for Murray's concept.
1959:
was removed from its classical context in the writings of the
1286:
2672:"from the library of the Order of Bards, Ovates & Druids"
3874:
Grant, Joan (March 1985). "Review: "Too Long A Sacrifice"".
1352:, all claimed that their religion was a continuation of the
1989:, must be "match against", and compared with the claims in
1614:, the Horned God was often referred to by a Biblical name;
3731:
Teenage Witches: Magical Youth and the Search for the Self
3573:. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp.
3430:"Cave Art Cobblers? – Beachcombing's Bizarre History Blog"
2268:, and his worshippers were cast by the Church as witches.
2075:, and his worshippers were cast by the Church as witches.
1944:
illustrations, rather than a depiction of a single scene.
3808:
Sullivan, C. W. (May 1987). "Review: "Sword at Sunset"".
1564:
meaning "Horned One", as Murray offered in her 1931 book
1701:
Sherry Salman considers the image of the Horned God in
3700:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 172.
2087:
The 19th century image of a Sabbatic Goat, created by
1532:
origin, and Gardner also used this name in his novel
1212:
itself predates Wicca, and is an early 20th-century
4906:
4846:
4720:
4644:
4539:
4436:
4393:
4210:
4125:
4082:
4075:
4033:
3697:
Nature Religion Today: Paganism in the Modern World
1720:relating to both the physical body and the psyche.
60:
39:
3194:
2860:
2477:published the first part of a serial story called
2059:, a horned god of the Celts, with the Greco-Roman
1993:. He further suggests that a lack of comfort with
1653:, the Horned God goes by several names, including
1558:suggests the term derived instead from the Arabic
3652:. Methuen & Company – via Google Books.
1416:Other important dates for the Horned God include
3666:The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles
3648:Budge, Sir Ernest Alfred Wallis (28 July 2018).
1308:The Horned God has been explored within several
3245:
3243:
2145:
1668:In the Hinduism, the Horned God is referred to
1426:
1381:carries the souls of the dead to the underworld
3321:
3319:
3317:
1430:and the Horned Lord of Death and Resurrection
4011:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3551:
2107:had demonised these worshippers as following
1312:theories and has become a recurrent theme in
1177:
46:God of nature, wilderness, sexuality, hunting
8:
3892:The Search for a Woman-centered Spirituality
3151:"The Hindu- Pashupati and the Harappan seal"
2936:
2934:
1935:Murray also used an inaccurate drawing of a
1328:The "Cernunnos" type antlered figure on the
27:Deity in Wicca and some forms of Neopaganism
3958:Robin Hood : myth, history and culture
3448:Ecstasies: Deciphering the Witches' Sabbath
2829:
2827:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2576:early modern inquisition against witchcraft
1200:is one of the two primary deities found in
4079:
4018:
4004:
3996:
3878:. Boca Raton: Florida Atlantic University.
3812:. Boca Raton: Florida Atlantic University.
3478:
3476:
3136:"Wicca- Wiccan Symbols the Ultimate Guide"
3103:
3101:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3037:
1184:
1170:
71:
3778:
3776:
2375:novels, including the medieval-set novel
1520:, which is a Latin word, discovered on a
3849:Chibnall, Steve; Petley, Julian (2001).
3465:. Cornell University Press. p. 37.
2043:Witch-cult hypothesis § Post-Murray
1550:, which he believed was a corruption of
1420:when, according to Valiente, he leads a
3586:
3584:
3331:The Witch-cult in Western Europe (1921)
2697:Farrar, Janet; Farrar, Stewart (1989).
2650:
2415:(1981), a male character, Tadhg, is an
2336:a horned satyr-like being with hooves.
1693:Bronze figurine of a "Horned God" from
1630:, the smith in Germanic mythology, and
1251:upon his head, often depicted as being
83:
3528:Clifton, Chas; Harvey, Graham (2004).
3483:Clifton, Chas; Harvey, Graham (2004).
2888:Farrer, Janet; Stewart Farrer (2002).
2867:. State University of New York Press.
2801:
2799:
2797:
2795:
1482:, though this has not been confirmed.
36:
3729:Berger, Helen; Ezzy, Douglas (2007).
1809:dates from perhaps 13,000 BCE.
1649:and loosely inspired by the works of
7:
4855:Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches
2945:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
2863:New Age Religion and Western Culture
1428:In the name of the Lady of the Moon,
1006:Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches
2699:The Witches' god: Lord of the Dance
1955:The popular image of the Greek god
1877:In 1931 Murray published a sequel,
4939:Left-hand path and right-hand path
3920:. New York: Brooklyn Company, Inc.
2659:Witchcraft Historiography (review)
2224:Gerald Gardner was initiated into
2127:card of the 16th and 17th century
1568:, a source that likely influenced
25:
3201:. Northwestern University Press.
2751:Clute, John; Grant, John (1997).
2209:Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn
2118:Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie
1504:, a former High Priestess of the
1266:), he is generally regarded as a
4594:Spellwork / Incantation
4066:
3983:
3406:Witches, Druids, and King Arthur
3278:. Trustees of the British Museum
2968:A Popular Dictionary of Paganism
2272:Art, fantasy and science fiction
1847:The Witch-Cult in Western Europe
1728:and animus. One such example is
1508:, claimed that Gerald Gardner's
1379:writes that the Horned God also
389:Spellwork / Incantation
91:
52:
5016:Witchcraft Research Association
3224:Discover your sub-personalities
1811:Twenty-one red deer headdresses
1626:, a Welsh mythological figure,
1146:Witchcraft Research Association
665:Witchcraft Research Association
5079:New religious movement deities
5011:Museum of Witchcraft and Magic
4423:Holly King / Oak King
2859:Hanegraaff, Wouter J. (1997).
2220:Aleister Crowley § Occult
1813:, made from the skulls of the
1778:Theories of historical origins
1762:proposes the Horned God as a "
1546:referred to the Horned God as
1229:duotheistic theological system
1223:The Horned God represents the
1121:Museum of Witchcraft and Magic
466:Holly King / Oak King
1:
3895:. New York University Press.
3463:Witchcraft in the Middle Ages
3356:The God of the Witches (1931)
2808:Introduction to Pagan Studies
2471:In June 1986, the comic book
2207:, which came together in the
2030:as the god of the witches in
1641:In the neopagan tradition of
1599:, the god was referred to as
1528:, which she theorised was of
1522:stone carving found in France
4914:List of Wiccan organisations
3733:. Rutgers University Press.
3276:"British Museum headdresses"
3134:WiseWitch (5 August 2020) .
2639:Triple Goddess (Neopaganism)
2419:of a benevolent Horned God.
2047:In 1985 Classical historian
1584:as a subordinate consort to
4112:Chthonioi Alexandrian Wicca
3632:with the "goat at Mendes."
3149:Pattanaik, Devdutt (2022).
2806:Davy, Barbara Jane (2006).
2753:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy
2748:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy
1869:of the Indian sub-religion
1480:descent into the underworld
1272:Oak King and the Holly King
633:New Reformed Orthodox Order
511:Chthonioi Alexandrian Wicca
5110:
4143:Church and School of Wicca
4064:
3889:van Dyke, Annette (1992).
3197:Jungian Literary Criticism
3112:. Capall Bann Publishing.
2941:Magliocco, Sabina (2004).
2521:In the popular video game
2456:is taught and guided by a
2217:
2175:
2040:
1970:
1951:Influences from literature
1889:sources, ranging from the
1833:Following the writings of
1798:Sketch of Breuil's drawing
1786:A red deer headdress from
1756:Mythopoetic men's movement
1204:and some related forms of
650:SpiralScouts International
618:Church and School of Wicca
603:Aquarian Tabernacle Church
531:Church and School of Wicca
29:
4862:The Meaning of Witchcraft
3759:. John Wiley & Sons.
3532:. Routledge. p. 61.
3510:The Rebirth of Witchcraft
3508:Valiente, Doreen (2007).
3354:Murray, Margaret (1970).
3333:. Standard Publications.
3170:The Inner World of Trauma
3168:Kalsched, Donald (1996).
2993:The Rebirth of Witchcraft
2991:Valiente, Doreen (2007).
2913:Salomonsen, Jone (2001).
2834:Greenwood, Susan (2005).
2480:Sláine and the Horned God
2397:The Blood on Satan's Claw
2095:Eliphas Levi's image of "
2079:Influences from occultism
1893:French cave painting of "
1825:worship of a Horned God.
1445:The Meaning of Witchcraft
1375:, virility and the hunt.
1264:British Traditional Wicca
1013:The Meaning of Witchcraft
51:
44:
4461:Wiccan views of divinity
4198:Universal Eclectic Wicca
3628:specifically associates
3016:Farrar, Stewart (2010).
2966:Pearson, Joanne (2002).
2778:"Some basic definitions"
2614:Horned deity (mythology)
2468:idea of the Horned God.
2439:as the "spring maiden".
2172:Gerald Gardner and Wicca
2018:(Cathedral of St. Paul,
1618:, who, according to the
780:Wiccan views of divinity
655:Universal Eclectic Wicca
581:Universal Eclectic Wicca
4944:Cunning folk in Britain
3956:Rennison, Nick (2012).
3783:Gibson, Marion (2013).
3663:Hutton, Ronald (1991).
3461:Russell, J. B. (1972).
3408:. Hambledon Continuum.
3404:Hutton, Ronald (2006).
3379:Purkiss, Diane (2006).
3298:Woman, Church and State
3252:Healing the Male Psyche
3090:Seims, Melissa (2007).
3048:Hutton, Ronald (1995).
2722:d'Este, Sorita (2008).
2701:. London: Robert Hale.
2561:take part in a violent
2300:The Wind in the Willows
2191:The "father of Wicca",
1634:, a horned figure from
1610:, which was founded by
1542:, a High Priest of the
1512:referred to the god as
1074:Cunning folk in Britain
660:Wiccan Church of Canada
628:Covenant of the Goddess
4728:Magical tools in Wicca
4300:Ipsita Roy Chakraverti
3933:500 Comicbook Villains
3825:Embracing the Darkness
3787:. Taylor and Francis.
3755:Halberstam, J (1996).
3669:. Blackwell. pp.
3296:Gage, Matilda (2008).
3193:Sugg, Richard (1994).
2346:Quatermass and the Pit
2294:
2289:(1789), which depicts
2154:
2092:
2023:
1901:to the modern English
1879:The God of the Witches
1874:
1799:
1791:
1750:Following the work of
1698:
1651:Charles Godfrey Leland
1566:The God of the Witches
1498:
1432:
1332:
1262:In traditional Wicca (
870:Magical tools in Wicca
244:Ipsita Roy Chakraverti
5064:Modern pagan theology
4934:Witch-cult hypothesis
4890:Charge of the Goddess
4631:Solitary practitioner
4549:Drawing down the Moon
4330:Cerridwen Fallingstar
4051:Wicca and LGBT people
3935:. Collins and Brown.
3931:Conroy, Mike (2004).
3851:British Horror Cinema
3823:Callow, John (2017).
3108:Howard, Mike (2001).
3052:. Oxford Paperbacks.
2547:The historical novel
2540:The historical novel
2423:Marion Zimmer Bradley
2413:Mildred Downey Broxon
2407:In the fantasy novel
2279:
2178:Wicca § Theology
2137:copulated with a goat
2086:
2003:
1864:
1797:
1785:
1768:humanistic psychology
1746:Humanistic psychology
1692:
1580:deity conflated with
1544:Alexandrian tradition
1493:
1327:
1239:of the Moon or other
1041:Charge of the Goddess
645:The Rowan Tree Church
426:Solitary practitioner
344:Drawing down the Moon
274:Cerridwen Fallingstar
144:Witch-cult hypothesis
5069:Mythological hybrids
4107:Central Valley Wicca
3992:at Wikimedia Commons
3381:The Witch in History
3250:Rowan, John (1996).
3222:Rowan, John (1993).
2726:. London: Avalonia.
2460:-like figure called
2409:Too Long A Sacrifice
2358:The Golden Strangers
2248:Romano-Celtic fusion
2211:, where Gardner met
1506:Gardnerian tradition
595:Wiccan organisations
506:Central Valley Wicca
4955:Malleus Maleficarum
4949:European witchcraft
4929:Neopagan witchcraft
4084:British Traditional
4027:Neopagan witchcraft
3960:. Oldcastle Books.
3635:De Iside et Osiride
3611:ii. 42, 46 and 166.
3530:The Paganism Reader
3512:. Robert Hale Ltd.
3485:The Paganism reader
3300:. Forgotten Books.
3092:"The Coven of Atho"
3020:. Robert Hale Ltd.
2995:. Robert Hale Ltd.
2892:. Robert Hale Ltd.
2838:. Berg Publishers.
2836:The nature of magic
2487:and illustrated by
2373:Rosemary Sutcliff's
1844:, in her 1921 book
1838:Matilda Joslyn Gage
1803:Many horned deities
1591:In the writings of
1330:Gundestrup Cauldron
1115:Malleus Maleficarum
1084:European witchcraft
613:Children of Artemis
4970:Magical alphabets
4919:Bricket Wood coven
4897:Enchanted Feminism
4290:Zsuzsanna Budapest
4046:Etymology of Wicca
3876:Fantasy Newsletter
3810:Fantasy Newsletter
3074:Culture and Cosmos
2915:Enchanted Feminism
2890:The Witches' bible
2810:. AltaMira Press.
2788:on 6 January 2007.
2657:Michael D. Bailey
2446:television series
2295:
2141:E. A. Wallis Budge
2129:Tarot of Marseille
2093:
2024:
1875:
1800:
1792:
1699:
1510:Bricket Wood coven
1499:
1333:
1227:of the religion's
1048:Enchanted Feminism
635:of the Golden Dawn
234:Zsuzsanna Budapest
127:Bricket Wood coven
122:Etymology of Wicca
5031:
5030:
4652:Wheel of the Year
4305:Patricia Crowther
4206:
4205:
4092:Alexandrian Wicca
4057:Dettmer v. Landon
3988:Media related to
3967:978-1-842-43247-1
3834:978-1-786-73261-3
3794:978-1-135-08254-3
3740:978-0-8135-4021-4
3519:978-0-7090-8369-6
3307:978-1-60620-191-6
3027:978-0-7090-9014-4
3002:978-0-7090-8369-6
2776:Starhawk (2006).
2733:978-1-905297-17-7
2449:Robin of Sherwood
2444:Richard Carpenter
2281:Francisco de Goya
1977:The reception of
1939:rock-painting at
1916:In dealing with "
1739:Wuthering Heights
1403:Wheel of the Year
1194:
1193:
685:Wheel of the Year
491:Alexandrian Wicca
337:Rites and rituals
249:Patricia Crowther
138:Dettmer v. Landon
70:
69:
16:(Redirected from
5101:
5001:Witches' Sabbath
4924:New Forest coven
4883:Witchcraft Today
4869:The Spiral Dance
4416:Spirit of nature
4375:Silver RavenWolf
4320:Scott Cunningham
4310:Vivianne Crowley
4280:Raymond Buckland
4148:Cochrane's Craft
4117:Gardnerian Wicca
4080:
4070:
4041:History of Wicca
4020:
4013:
4006:
3997:
3987:
3972:
3971:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3780:
3771:
3770:
3757:Posthuman Bodies
3751:
3745:
3744:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3645:
3639:
3618:
3612:
3605:
3599:
3598:, Vol. 109, 1998
3590:Juliette Wood, "
3588:
3579:
3578:
3572:
3559:
3546:
3543:
3523:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3480:
3471:
3470:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3327:Murray, Margaret
3323:
3312:
3311:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3247:
3238:
3237:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3200:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3105:
3096:
3095:
3094:. Thewica.co.uk.
3087:
3081:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3045:
3032:
3031:
3013:
3007:
3006:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2943:Witching Culture
2938:
2929:
2928:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2866:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2831:
2822:
2821:
2803:
2790:
2789:
2784:. Archived from
2773:
2767:
2766:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2694:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2668:
2662:
2655:
2609:Herne the Hunter
2527:, its expansion
2507:Lords and Ladies
2462:Herne the Hunter
2366:human sacrifices
2321:Arthur C. Clarke
2213:Aleister Crowley
1685:Jungian analysis
1636:English folklore
1608:Cochrane's Craft
1554:. The historian
1534:High Magic's Aid
1442:says (in 1959's
1436:Sabina Magliocco
1356:religion of the
1186:
1179:
1172:
1151:Witches' Sabbath
1034:Witchcraft Today
1020:The Spiral Dance
623:Circle Sanctuary
536:Cochrane's Craft
516:Gardnerian Wicca
314:Silver RavenWolf
264:Scott Cunningham
254:Vivianne Crowley
224:Raymond Buckland
132:New Forest coven
117:History of Wicca
110:History of Wicca
101:
95:
72:
56:
37:
21:
5109:
5108:
5104:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5098:
5034:
5033:
5032:
5027:
5006:Flying ointment
4902:
4876:What Witches Do
4842:
4763:Book of Shadows
4716:
4640:
4619:Rite of passage
4584:Herbal medicine
4541:
4535:
4446:Wiccan morality
4438:
4432:
4389:
4370:Rosaleen Norton
4365:Frederic Lamond
4360:Philip Heselton
4315:Robert Cochrane
4295:Charles Cardell
4285:Eddie Buczynski
4255:Victor Anderson
4225:Doreen Valiente
4212:
4202:
4121:
4102:Blue Star Wicca
4071:
4062:
4029:
4024:
3980:
3975:
3968:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3943:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3915:
3914:
3910:
3903:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3861:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3835:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3795:
3782:
3781:
3774:
3767:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3741:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3708:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3681:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3647:
3646:
3642:
3619:
3615:
3606:
3602:
3589:
3582:
3561:
3560:
3549:
3540:
3527:
3520:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3495:
3482:
3481:
3474:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3444:Ginzburg, Carlo
3442:
3441:
3437:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3416:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3391:
3378:
3377:
3373:
3366:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3341:
3325:
3324:
3315:
3308:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3281:
3279:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3262:
3249:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3209:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3180:
3167:
3166:
3162:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3120:
3107:
3106:
3099:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3071:
3067:
3060:
3047:
3046:
3035:
3028:
3018:What Witches Do
3015:
3014:
3010:
3003:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2978:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2953:
2940:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2900:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2846:
2833:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2805:
2804:
2793:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2763:
2750:
2745:
2741:
2734:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2709:
2696:
2695:
2686:
2677:
2675:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2643:
2584:
2512:Terry Pratchett
2432:Mists of Avalon
2388:Sword at Sunset
2381:(1960) and the
2356:The 1956 novel
2316:Childhood's End
2305:Kenneth Grahame
2274:
2250:
2234:Philip Heselton
2222:
2183:Margaret Murray
2180:
2174:
2081:
2045:
2016:Guillaume Geefs
2010:Le génie du mal
1975:
1965:Greek mythology
1953:
1897:" to the Indic
1842:Margaret Murray
1831:
1829:Margaret Murray
1780:
1748:
1687:
1682:
1612:Robert Cochrane
1593:Charles Cardell
1502:Doreen Valiente
1496:Doreen Valiente
1488:
1429:
1377:Doreen Valiente
1366:Margaret Murray
1350:Robert Cochrane
1346:Doreen Valiente
1322:
1190:
1161:
1160:
1094:Flying ointment
1064:
1063:
1054:
1053:
1027:What Witches Do
1000:
999:
990:
989:
975:Theban alphabet
905:Book of Shadows
865:
864:
855:
854:
765:Wiccan morality
760:
759:
750:
749:
680:
679:
670:
669:
640:Panthean Temple
634:
598:
597:
586:
585:
501:Blue Star Wicca
486:
485:
476:
475:
446:
445:
436:
435:
414:Rite of passage
379:Herbal medicine
339:
338:
329:
328:
309:Frederic Lamond
304:Philip Heselton
259:Robert Cochrane
239:Charles Cardell
229:Eddie Buczynski
199:Victor Anderson
169:Doreen Valiente
159:
158:
157:Notable figures
149:
148:
112:
111:
102:
97:
47:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5107:
5105:
5097:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5049:Fantasy tropes
5046:
5036:
5035:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4987:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4910:
4908:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4893:
4886:
4879:
4872:
4865:
4858:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4840:
4838:Witch's ladder
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4783:Chalice/Goblet
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4724:
4722:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4625:Eko Eko Azarak
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4545:
4543:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4496:The Summerland
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4442:
4440:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4428:Mother goddess
4425:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4408:
4403:
4401:Triple Goddess
4397:
4395:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4345:Raven Grimassi
4342:
4340:Stewart Farrar
4337:
4332:
4327:
4325:Phyllis Curott
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4235:Maxine Sanders
4232:
4227:
4222:
4220:Gerald Gardner
4216:
4214:
4208:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4178:Odyssean Wicca
4175:
4173:Georgian Wicca
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4133:1734 Tradition
4129:
4127:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4088:
4086:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4015:
4008:
4000:
3994:
3993:
3979:
3978:External links
3976:
3974:
3973:
3966:
3948:
3941:
3923:
3908:
3901:
3881:
3866:
3859:
3840:
3833:
3827:. Bloomsbury.
3815:
3800:
3793:
3772:
3765:
3746:
3739:
3721:
3706:
3686:
3679:
3655:
3640:
3613:
3600:
3580:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3538:
3518:
3500:
3493:
3472:
3453:
3435:
3432:. 6 July 2011.
3421:
3414:
3396:
3389:
3371:
3364:
3346:
3339:
3313:
3306:
3288:
3267:
3260:
3239:
3232:
3214:
3207:
3185:
3178:
3160:
3141:
3126:
3118:
3097:
3082:
3065:
3058:
3033:
3026:
3008:
3001:
2983:
2976:
2958:
2951:
2930:
2923:
2905:
2898:
2880:
2873:
2851:
2844:
2823:
2816:
2791:
2768:
2761:
2739:
2732:
2724:Horns of Power
2714:
2707:
2684:
2663:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2568:The 2015 film
2542:The White Mare
2427:Arthurian myth
2286:Witches Sabbat
2273:
2270:
2249:
2246:
2218:Main article:
2193:Gerald Gardner
2176:Main article:
2173:
2170:
2080:
2077:
2041:Main article:
1987:Raven Grimassi
1971:Main article:
1952:
1949:
1911:Jules Michelet
1830:
1827:
1779:
1776:
1747:
1744:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1674:Pashupati seal
1647:Raven Grimassi
1597:Raymond Howard
1540:Stewart Farrar
1487:
1484:
1440:Gerald Gardner
1407:autumn equinox
1373:the wilderness
1362:Jules Michelet
1342:Gerald Gardner
1321:
1318:
1253:theriocephalic
1241:Mother goddess
1237:Triple goddess
1235:of the female
1218:horned deities
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1111:
1109:LGBT and Wicca
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1001:
997:
996:
995:
992:
991:
988:
987:
985:Witch's ladder
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
925:Chalice/Goblet
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
866:
862:
861:
860:
857:
856:
853:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
815:The Summerland
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
761:
757:
756:
755:
752:
751:
748:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
681:
677:
676:
675:
672:
671:
668:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
599:
593:
592:
591:
588:
587:
584:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
561:Odyssean Wicca
558:
556:Georgian Wicca
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
521:1734 Tradition
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
487:
483:
482:
481:
478:
477:
474:
473:
471:Mother goddess
468:
463:
458:
453:
451:Triple Goddess
447:
443:
442:
441:
438:
437:
434:
433:
428:
423:
420:Eko Eko Azarak
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
340:
336:
335:
334:
331:
330:
327:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
289:Raven Grimassi
286:
284:Stewart Farrar
281:
276:
271:
269:Phyllis Curott
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
179:Maxine Sanders
176:
171:
166:
164:Gerald Gardner
160:
156:
155:
154:
151:
150:
147:
146:
141:
134:
129:
124:
119:
113:
109:
108:
107:
104:
103:
96:
88:
87:
81:
80:
68:
67:
65:Triple Goddess
62:
58:
57:
49:
48:
45:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5106:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5084:Pseudohistory
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5023:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4991:Witching hour
4989:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4956:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4905:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4892:
4891:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4845:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4721:Paraphernalia
4719:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4643:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4579:Cone of power
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4569:Fivefold kiss
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4538:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4501:Reincarnation
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4456:Rule of Three
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4435:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4386:
4385:Joseph Wilson
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4275:Jack Bracelin
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4209:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4153:Coven of Atho
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4124:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4081:
4078:
4074:
4069:
4059:
4058:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4021:
4016:
4014:
4009:
4007:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3991:
3986:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3969:
3963:
3959:
3952:
3949:
3944:
3942:1-843-40205-X
3938:
3934:
3927:
3924:
3919:
3912:
3909:
3904:
3902:0-8147-8770-3
3898:
3894:
3893:
3885:
3882:
3877:
3870:
3867:
3862:
3860:0-415-23004-7
3856:
3853:. Routledge.
3852:
3844:
3841:
3836:
3830:
3826:
3819:
3816:
3811:
3804:
3801:
3796:
3790:
3786:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3768:
3766:0-253-20970-6
3762:
3758:
3750:
3747:
3742:
3736:
3732:
3725:
3722:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3707:0-7486-1057-X
3703:
3699:
3698:
3690:
3687:
3682:
3680:0-631-17288-2
3676:
3672:
3668:
3667:
3659:
3656:
3651:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3604:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3570:
3564:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3541:
3539:0-415-30353-2
3535:
3531:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3515:
3511:
3504:
3501:
3496:
3494:0-415-30353-2
3490:
3487:. Routledge.
3486:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3464:
3457:
3454:
3449:
3445:
3439:
3436:
3431:
3425:
3422:
3417:
3415:1-85285-555-X
3411:
3407:
3400:
3397:
3392:
3390:0-415-08762-7
3386:
3383:. Routledge.
3382:
3375:
3372:
3367:
3365:0-19-501270-4
3361:
3357:
3350:
3347:
3342:
3340:1-59462-126-8
3336:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3309:
3303:
3299:
3292:
3289:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3263:
3261:0-415-10049-6
3257:
3254:. Routledge.
3253:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3235:
3233:0-415-07366-9
3229:
3226:. Routledge.
3225:
3218:
3215:
3210:
3208:0-8101-1042-3
3204:
3199:
3198:
3189:
3186:
3181:
3179:0-415-12329-1
3175:
3172:. Routledge.
3171:
3164:
3161:
3156:
3152:
3145:
3142:
3137:
3130:
3127:
3121:
3119:1-86163-155-3
3115:
3111:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3086:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3069:
3066:
3061:
3059:0-19-285449-6
3055:
3051:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3029:
3023:
3019:
3012:
3009:
3004:
2998:
2994:
2987:
2984:
2979:
2977:0-7007-1591-6
2973:
2970:. Routledge.
2969:
2962:
2959:
2954:
2952:0-8122-3803-6
2948:
2944:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2926:
2924:0-415-22393-8
2920:
2917:. Routledge.
2916:
2909:
2906:
2901:
2899:0-7090-7227-9
2895:
2891:
2884:
2881:
2876:
2874:0-7914-3854-6
2870:
2865:
2864:
2855:
2852:
2847:
2845:1-84520-095-0
2841:
2837:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2819:
2817:0-7591-0819-6
2813:
2809:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2769:
2764:
2762:1-85723-368-9
2758:
2754:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2735:
2729:
2725:
2718:
2715:
2710:
2708:0-7090-3319-2
2704:
2700:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2674:. Druidry.org
2673:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2645:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2619:Horned helmet
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2545:
2543:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2502:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2483:, written by
2482:
2481:
2476:
2475:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2313:In the novel
2311:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2230:Ronald Hutton
2227:
2221:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2179:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2151:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2090:
2085:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1796:
1789:
1784:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1696:
1691:
1684:
1680:In psychology
1679:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1645:, founded by
1644:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1556:Ronald Hutton
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1492:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1434:According to
1431:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1331:
1326:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1310:psychological
1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1157:
1156:Witching hour
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1058:
1057:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1002:
994:
993:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
867:
863:Paraphernalia
859:
858:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
820:Reincarnation
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
775:Rule of Three
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
762:
754:
753:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
682:
674:
673:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
608:Coven Celeste
606:
604:
601:
600:
596:
590:
589:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
541:Coven of Atho
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
488:
480:
479:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
448:
440:
439:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
421:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
374:Cone of power
372:
370:
367:
365:
364:Fivefold kiss
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
341:
333:
332:
325:
324:Joseph Wilson
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
219:Jack Bracelin
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
161:
153:
152:
145:
142:
140:
139:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
114:
106:
105:
100:
94:
90:
89:
86:
82:
78:
74:
73:
66:
63:
59:
55:
50:
43:
38:
33:
19:
5059:Hunting gods
5022:Fluffy Bunny
4966:Cunning folk
4961:Granny woman
4953:
4895:
4888:
4881:
4874:
4867:
4860:
4853:
4636:Spiral dance
4623:
4574:Magic circle
4405:
4355:Yvonne Frost
4335:Janet Farrar
4250:Margot Adler
4230:Alex Sanders
4158:Dianic Wicca
4138:Celtic Wicca
4097:Algard Wicca
4055:
3957:
3951:
3932:
3926:
3917:
3911:
3891:
3884:
3875:
3869:
3850:
3843:
3824:
3818:
3809:
3803:
3784:
3756:
3749:
3730:
3724:
3696:
3689:
3665:
3658:
3643:
3634:
3621:
3616:
3608:
3603:
3595:
3568:
3529:
3509:
3503:
3484:
3466:
3462:
3456:
3447:
3438:
3424:
3405:
3399:
3380:
3374:
3355:
3349:
3330:
3297:
3291:
3280:. Retrieved
3270:
3251:
3223:
3217:
3196:
3188:
3169:
3163:
3154:
3144:
3129:
3124:Chapter One.
3109:
3085:
3077:
3073:
3068:
3049:
3017:
3011:
2992:
2986:
2967:
2961:
2942:
2914:
2908:
2889:
2883:
2862:
2854:
2835:
2807:
2786:the original
2781:
2780:. On-faith.
2771:
2752:
2747:
2746:Clute, John
2742:
2723:
2717:
2698:
2676:. Retrieved
2666:
2658:
2653:
2569:
2567:
2555:Angus Donald
2548:
2546:
2541:
2539:
2528:
2522:
2520:
2505:
2499:
2497:
2489:Simon Bisley
2478:
2474:2000 AD
2473:
2470:
2447:
2441:
2430:
2421:
2408:
2406:
2395:
2393:
2386:
2378:Knight's Fee
2376:
2370:
2362:Henry Treece
2357:
2355:
2344:
2341:Nigel Kneale
2338:
2330:
2324:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2298:
2296:
2284:
2251:
2242:Gnostic Mass
2238:Leo Ruickbie
2223:
2190:
2187:
2181:
2165:
2155:
2146:
2122:
2116:
2105:Christianity
2094:
2089:Eliphas LĂ©vi
2052:
2046:
2031:
2025:
2007:
1994:
1990:
1983:Leo Martello
1978:
1976:
1954:
1946:
1934:
1930:
1926:Jean Clottes
1922:Henri Breuil
1918:The Sorcerer
1915:
1907:James Frazer
1903:Dorset Ooser
1895:The Sorcerer
1878:
1876:
1845:
1840:and others,
1832:
1801:
1749:
1737:
1734:Emily Brontë
1722:
1707:
1700:
1667:
1661:, Cern, and
1640:
1605:
1600:
1590:
1570:Alex Sanders
1565:
1561:Dhul-Qarnayn
1559:
1551:
1547:
1538:
1533:
1525:
1517:
1500:
1472:Mesopotamian
1461:
1450:
1443:
1433:
1427:
1415:
1385:
1370:
1334:
1316:literature.
1307:
1261:
1222:
1209:
1208:. The term
1197:
1195:
1113:
1104:Granny woman
1089:Fluffy Bunny
1069:Cunning folk
1046:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1018:
1011:
1004:
758:Key concepts
546:Dianic Wicca
526:Celtic Wicca
496:Algard Wicca
455:
431:Spiral dance
418:
369:Magic circle
299:Yvonne Frost
279:Janet Farrar
194:Margot Adler
174:Alex Sanders
136:
32:Horned deity
5074:Nature gods
5054:Horned gods
4559:Handfasting
4486:White magic
4451:Wiccan Rede
4350:Gavin Frost
4270:Lois Bourne
4163:Faery Wicca
3620:Herodotus,
3607:Herodotus,
3563:Luck, Georg
3358:. OUA USA.
3080:(1): 45–70.
2516:the witches
2371:In some of
2197:Freemasonry
2158:Banebdjedet
1891:paleolithic
1865:Horned God
1856:inquisition
1772:paraphillia
1206:Neopaganism
805:White magic
770:Wiccan Rede
551:Faery Wicca
354:Handfasting
294:Gavin Frost
214:Lois Bourne
5089:Solar gods
5044:Death gods
5038:Categories
4996:Witch-hunt
4847:Literature
4828:Tarot deck
4687:Lughnasadh
4614:Initiation
4609:Invocation
4604:Divination
4554:Great rite
4542:and ritual
4521:Watchtower
4491:Otherworld
4481:Witchcraft
4471:Craft name
4406:Horned God
4265:Gavin Bone
4240:Sybil Leek
4193:Stregheria
4183:Reclaiming
4076:Traditions
3990:Horned God
3524:Quoted in
3282:2018-01-17
2678:2014-02-25
2646:References
2559:Robin Hood
2553:(2009) by
2535:werewolves
2454:Robin Hood
2332:The Dæmons
2326:Doctor Who
2319:(1953) by
2297:In 1908's
2226:the O.T.O.
2049:Georg Luck
2022:, Belgium)
1937:mesolithic
1867:Naigamesha
1835:suffragist
1760:John Rowan
1752:Robert Bly
1730:Heathcliff
1643:Stregheria
1616:Tubal-cain
1468:Summerland
1464:Underworld
1358:Witch-Cult
1301:, and the
1210:Horned God
1198:Horned God
1141:Witch-hunt
998:Literature
970:Tarot deck
840:Watchtower
810:Otherworld
800:Witchcraft
790:Craft name
720:Lughnasadh
576:Stregheria
566:Reclaiming
484:Traditions
456:Horned God
409:Initiation
404:Invocation
399:Divination
349:Great rite
209:Gavin Bone
184:Sybil Leek
40:Horned God
4798:Parchment
4712:Wild Hunt
4682:Midsummer
4599:Banishing
4564:Wiccaning
4411:Green Man
4188:Seax-Wica
3637:, lxxiii.
3622:Histories
3609:Histories
3468:strength.
3155:The Hindu
2782:News-Week
2755:. Orbit.
2604:Green Man
2594:Cernunnos
2571:The Witch
2530:Bloodmoon
2524:Morrowind
2501:Discworld
2498:The 1992
2493:Cernunnos
2485:Pat Mills
2383:Arthurian
2291:the Devil
2266:the devil
2254:Cernunnos
2205:Theosophy
2166:Banebdjed
2133:Herodotus
2113:Occultist
2103:and that
2057:Cernunnos
2051:, in his
1961:Romantics
1899:Pashupati
1852:the Devil
1819:Star Carr
1788:Star Carr
1710:repressed
1670:Pashupati
1552:Cernunnos
1514:Cernunnos
1453:Green Man
1422:wild hunt
1276:Pentagram
1268:dualistic
1225:male part
1214:syncretic
940:Parchment
745:Wild Hunt
715:Midsummer
571:Seax-Wica
461:Green Man
394:Banishing
359:Wiccaning
4823:Talisman
4803:Pentacle
4773:Cauldron
4657:Solstice
4645:Holidays
4526:Familiar
4516:Summoner
4439:concepts
4380:Starhawk
3716:39533917
3626:Plutarch
3624:ii. 46.
3596:Folklore
3565:(1985).
3329:(2006).
2589:Dionysus
2582:See also
2452:(1984),
2437:Morgaine
2402:Behemoth
2143:writes,
2097:Baphomet
2036:Satanism
1883:European
1871:Kaumaram
1823:Neopagan
1815:red deer
1807:Sorcerer
1764:Wild Man
1697:, Cyprus
1574:Karneios
1548:Karnayna
1518:Kernunno
1474:myth of
1455:and the
1395:energies
1320:In Wicca
1280:Pentacle
1257:humanity
1079:Enochian
965:Talisman
945:Pentacle
915:Cauldron
845:Familiar
835:Summoner
690:Solstice
678:Holidays
319:Starhawk
99:Pentacle
77:a series
75:Part of
4907:Related
4813:Scourge
4793:Incense
4768:Candles
4697:Samhain
4677:Beltane
4662:Equinox
4589:Scrying
4531:Animism
4511:Skyclad
4394:Deities
4260:Artemis
4213:figures
4211:Notable
4034:History
3918:Starlog
3671:260–261
2624:Krampus
2442:In the
2351:Martian
2101:deities
2028:Lucifer
2005:Lucifer
1754:in the
1703:Jungian
1663:Actaeon
1628:Wayland
1578:Spartan
1526:Janicot
1457:Sun God
1411:Samhain
1399:Goddess
1338:Sun God
1314:fantasy
1297:), the
1295:Warrior
1249:antlers
1233:consort
1136:Thelema
955:Scourge
935:Incense
910:Candles
850:Animism
830:Skyclad
730:Samhain
710:Beltane
695:Equinox
444:Deities
384:Scrying
204:Artemis
61:Consort
18:Janicot
4984:Hebrew
4979:Theban
4818:Statue
4778:Censer
4758:Boline
4743:Athame
4738:Amulet
4672:Ostara
4667:Imbolc
3964:
3939:
3899:
3857:
3831:
3791:
3763:
3737:
3714:
3704:
3677:
3630:Osiris
3536:
3516:
3491:
3412:
3387:
3362:
3337:
3304:
3258:
3230:
3205:
3176:
3116:
3056:
3024:
2999:
2974:
2949:
2921:
2896:
2871:
2842:
2814:
2759:
2730:
2705:
2557:, has
2550:Outlaw
2504:novel
2458:shaman
2417:avatar
2385:novel
2329:story
2262:Faunus
2236:, and
2203:, and
2201:Occult
2199:, the
2162:Osiris
2124:Diable
2069:pagans
2065:Faunus
2032:Aradia
1995:Aradia
1991:Aradia
1979:Aradia
1887:Indian
1726:shadow
1718:animus
1695:Enkomi
1672:, See
1659:Faunus
1655:Dianus
1582:Apollo
1530:Basque
1476:Inanna
1418:Imbolc
1392:female
1299:Father
1284:triune
1231:, the
1131:Theban
1099:Goetia
960:Statue
920:Censer
900:Boline
885:Athame
880:Amulet
705:Ostara
700:Imbolc
5094:Wicca
4974:Runes
4808:Runes
4753:Besom
4733:Altar
4707:Esbat
4692:Mabon
4540:Rites
4506:Karma
4476:Magic
4466:Coven
4126:Other
2634:Satyr
2563:pagan
2510:, by
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