1027:
1838:"A minute study of the text shows that it attests an independent form of the Hebrew text of Genesis and the early chapters of Exodus. Thus it agrees with individual authorities such as the Samaritan or the LXX, or the Syriac, or the Vulgate, or the Targum of Onkelos against all the rest. Or again it agrees with two or more of these authorities in opposition to the rest, as for instance with the Massoretic and Samaritan against the LXX, Syriac and Vulgate, or with the Massoretic and Onkelos against the Samaritan, LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate, or with the Massoretic, Samaritan and Syriac against the LXX or Vulgate." R.H. Charles, "7. Textual Affinities"
42:
1391:, but often with additional detail, and addressing Moses in the second person as the entire history of creation, and of Israel up to that point, is recounted in divisions of 49 years each, or "Jubilees". The elapsed time from the creation, up to Moses receiving the scriptures upon Sinai during the Exodus, is calculated as fifty Jubilees, less the 40 years still to be spent wandering in the desert before entering Canaan â or 2,410 years.
1398:, angels of sanctifications, guardian angels over individuals, and angels presiding over the phenomena of nature. Enoch was the first man initiated by the angels in the art of writing, and wrote down, accordingly, all the secrets of astronomy, of chronology, and of the world's epochs. As regards demonology, the writer's position is largely that of the deuterocanonical writings from both New and Old Testament times.
1506:. This kingdom would be gradually realized on earth, and the transformation of physical nature would go hand in hand with the ethical transformation of man until there was a new heaven and a new earth. Thus, finally, all sin and pain would disappear and men would live to the age of 1,000 years in happiness and peace, and after death enjoy a blessed immortality in the spirit world.
2739:
1660:. He says that "The Quran has many passages in which Abraham expounds the errors in idolatry. In these passages, Abraham always addresses his words to local people, and he does not leave their land. This probably reflects Islamâs position that aims at converting idol worshippers to monotheistic religion and settling in their place of residence."
1252:. According to one historian, the variation among parallel manuscript traditions that are exhibited by the Septuagint compared with the đ¸, and which are embodied in the further variants among the Dead Sea Scrolls, demonstrates that even canonical Hebrew texts did not possess any single "authorized" manuscript tradition before the
1136:
The Book of
Jubilees presents a "history of the division of the days of the law and of the testimony, of the events of the years, of their (year) weeks, of their jubilees throughout all the years of the world, as the Lord spoke to Moses on Mount Sinai when he went up to receive the tables of the law
1513:
insists (in
Chapter 6) on a 364 day yearly calendar, made up of four quarters of 13 weeks each, rather than a year of 12 lunar months, which it says is off by 10 days per year (the actual number being about 11Âź days). It also insists on a "Double Sabbath" each year being
1475:
According to this book, Hebrew is the language of Heaven, and was originally spoken by all creatures in the Garden, animals and man; however, the animals lost their power of speech when Adam and Eve were expelled. Following the Deluge, the earth was apportioned into three divisions for the three
1256:. Others write about the existence of three main textual manuscript traditions (namely the Babylonian, Palestinian and pre-đ¸ "proto" textual traditions). Although the pre-đ¸ text may have indeed been authoritative back then, arguments can be made for and against this concept.
2742:
1357:(which occurred 167-160 BCE) and is commonly dated to that time. The direction of dependence has been controversial, but the consensus since 2008 has been that the Animal Apocalypse came first and Jubilees after. As a result, general reference works such as the
1602:
held the Book of
Jubilees in high regard, as many of them cited and alluded to Jubilees in their writings. In relationship to the New Testament, the Book of Jubilees contains one of the earliest references to the idea that
1860:
Hershel Shanks, an historian and archaeological scholar, provides various articles that explore this issue in great depth, from various experts in the field of Dead Sea
Scrolls research, in his book
1275:
was widely used at Qumran. A comparison of the Qumran texts with the Geʽez version, performed by James VanderKam, found that the Geʽez was in most respects an accurate and literalistic translation.
3373:
1770:
1026:
2472:
Katsumata, Etsuko (2012). "Abraham the
Iconoclast: Different Interpretations in the Literature of the Second Temple Period, the Texts of Rabbinic Judaism, and the Quran".
1464:
Jubilees makes an incestuous reference regarding the son of Adam and Eve, Cain, and his wife. In chapter iv (1â12) (Cain and Abel), it mentions that Cain took his sister
1271:. The large number of manuscripts (more than for any Biblical books except for Psalms, Deuteronomy, Isaiah, Exodus, and Genesis, in descending order) indicates that
3058:
3990:
3872:
2775:
1817:
3949:
2511:
Jan M.F. van Reeth (1992). "Le Prophète musulman en tant que Nâsir Allâh et ses antÊcÊdents: le "Nazôraios" ÊvangÊlique et le livre des jubilÊs".
3857:
3852:
2222:
2157:
2085:"JUBILEES, BOOK OF (Τὰ ៸ĎβΡΝιáżÎą; known also as Little Genesis [áž ÎΝξΚνὴ ÎÎνξĎÎšĎ = "Bereshit Zuáša"]; Apocalypse of Moses; Life of Adam)"
1461:. Jubilees also states that God granted ten percent of the disembodied spirits of the Nephilim to try to lead mankind astray after the flood.
4089:
3867:
2665:
2646:
2627:
2597:
2578:
2542:
2286:
1125:. No complete Hebrew, Greek or Latin version is known to have survived, but the Geʽez version is an accurate translation of the fragments in
3558:
41:
1349:"saw in a vision what has happened and what will occur", and the book contains many points of information otherwise found earliest in the
3664:
2841:
2501:
2037:
1562:
1011:
4094:
3985:
3659:
3520:
1047:
1484:, their families were scattered to their respective allotments, and Hebrew was forgotten, until Abraham was taught it by the angels.
4074:
3627:
2727:
2456:
2355:
2338:
1145:
while he was on Mount Sinai for forty days and forty nights. The chronology given in
Jubilees is based on multiples of seven. The
3745:
3622:
3473:
3051:
1217:
968:
1847:
Robin Lane Fox, a classicist and historian, discusses these multifarious sources of Old and New
Testaments in layman's terms in
4005:
2954:
2768:
4038:
4064:
4059:
3959:
2732:
1213:. There is also a preserved fragment of a Latin translation of the Greek that contains about a quarter of the whole work.
2015:
1984:
A New
Reading of the Animal Apocalypse of 1 Enoch: All Nations Shall Be Blessed" / With a New Translation and Commentary"
3954:
2278:
Books and
Written Culture of the Islamic World: Studies Presented to Claude Gilliot on the Occasion of his 75th Birthday
1656:. Etsuko Katsumata, comparing the Book of Jubilees and the Quran, notices significant differences, especially regarding
1468:
to be his wife and Enoch was their child. It also mentions that Seth (the third son of Adam and Eve) married his sister
3468:
3044:
958:
3642:
1687:
1071:
2437:. "Mashafa kufale sive Liber Jubilaeorum... aethiopice". Kiel, and London: Van Maack, Williams &Norgate, 1859.
4079:
4069:
3674:
3653:
3647:
2761:
2493:
3669:
3637:
3632:
3368:
1608:
1469:
1312:. With the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls at Qumran in 1947, Charles' Pharisaic hypothesis of the origin of
1283:
2451:(Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monograph Series 18) Washington: Catholic Biblical Association of America, 1987.
3995:
3975:
3847:
3704:
3565:
3305:
1592:
1548:
remained a point of reference for priestly circles (although they disputed its calendric proposal), and the
1458:
1453:
among many early
Christian authorities. Their hybrid children, the Nephilim in existence during the time of
1438:
1220:, now numbering twenty-seven, are the primary basis for translations into English. Passages in the texts of
1198:
1106:
1004:
1228:
do not directly reproduce either of the two surviving manuscript traditions. Consequently, even before the
3831:
3714:
3699:
3689:
3281:
1358:
823:
3780:
3719:
3709:
3617:
2851:
1825:
1567:
1434:
1395:
1190:
1174:
1098:
1082:
741:
257:
1070:
churches. Apart from the Beta Israel community, the book is not considered canonical within any of the
1641:(compiled 861), the Syriac reception of an Arabic chronicle of Agapius of Mabbug, and the writings of
1490:
also contains a few scattered allusions to the Messianic kingdom. Robert Henry Charles wrote in 1913:
3980:
3900:
3612:
3525:
3435:
3201:
3088:
2846:
2806:
2397:
2385:
2084:
1587:, the sole exception within Judaism. The earliest clear evidence of it in Jewish tradition is in the
1170:
925:
722:
437:
3922:
3887:
3684:
3363:
3146:
3116:
2959:
2885:
2856:
1682:
1638:
1578:
1308:
1169:
were four complete Geʽez texts dating to the 15th and 16th centuries and several quotations by the
879:
619:
570:
500:
122:
3492:
2949:
3814:
3729:
3535:
3530:
3415:
3378:
3358:
3288:
3015:
2964:
2880:
2861:
2811:
2801:
1642:
1446:
1194:
1186:
1146:
1102:
1094:
1078:
997:
905:
874:
31:
2695:
2607:
VanderKam, James C. (2000). "The Book of Jubilees". In L. H. Schiffman; J. C. VanderKam (eds.).
490:
2203:
4084:
4015:
3824:
3819:
3760:
3592:
3502:
3445:
3266:
3256:
3106:
3020:
2924:
2661:
2642:
2623:
2593:
2574:
2538:
2497:
2452:
2351:
2334:
2282:
2276:
2263:
2234:
2190:
2169:
1719:
1672:
Its sequence of events leading to the Flood match those of the "Dream Visions", 1 Enoch 83â90.
1630:
1533:
1442:
1059:
934:
800:
790:
560:
317:
307:
102:
2690:
2346:
2048:
4000:
3895:
3877:
3809:
3797:
3755:
3694:
3679:
3570:
3251:
3196:
3176:
3156:
2929:
2816:
2784:
2622:. Guides to Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha. Vol. 9. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.
2533:
2520:
1757:
1657:
1653:
1604:
1503:
1421:. The Ethiopian version states that the "angels" were in fact the disobedient offspring of
1354:
1206:
1162:
1130:
1122:
1114:
1039:
785:
717:
668:
629:
585:
376:
302:
233:
3792:
3770:
3724:
3271:
3231:
3206:
3136:
3111:
3096:
2434:
1634:
1626:
1450:
1268:
1210:
1126:
1118:
1063:
805:
765:
727:
693:
609:
565:
550:
322:
282:
243:
188:
112:
82:
1939:
Philip L. Tite. "Textual and Redactional Aspects of the Book of Dreams (1 Enoch 83-90)".
1376:
persuasion", based on his knowledge of Canaanite geography, biblical festivals and laws.
4028:
4010:
3944:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3553:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3329:
3324:
3300:
3261:
3211:
3191:
3161:
3141:
3126:
3121:
3101:
3067:
2985:
2980:
2919:
2485:
1619:
1599:
1588:
1583:
1481:
1245:
1055:
1043:
870:
865:
860:
845:
840:
795:
732:
712:
634:
614:
599:
594:
555:
480:
457:
312:
223:
198:
178:
168:
92:
2722:
2490:
A walk through Jubilees: studies in the Book of Jubilees and the world of its creation
1361:
and the Mercer Dictionary of the Bible conclude the work can be dated to 160â150 BCE.
4053:
3775:
3584:
3453:
3319:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3216:
3186:
3084:
2990:
2401:
2361:
1813:
1629:, Jubilees is first received in extant sources from the mid-6th to early-7th century
1553:
1549:
1430:
1350:
1233:
1178:
1086:
1067:
943:
835:
780:
775:
770:
750:
703:
678:
524:
417:
400:
297:
292:
287:
267:
1573:
It was not canonized into the Jewish canon and there is no official record of it in
1502:âthat is, from the Maccabean familyâas some of his contemporaries expectedâbut from
4033:
3933:
3862:
3764:
3226:
3221:
3181:
3151:
3131:
3079:
3025:
1521:
1477:
1410:
1264:
1202:
1110:
987:
760:
755:
673:
649:
624:
604:
447:
427:
277:
272:
49:
2617:
1862:
Understanding the Dead Sea Scrolls: A Reader from the Biblical Archaeology Review
3916:
3512:
3430:
3425:
3339:
3334:
3166:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
1736:
1646:
1353:), such as Enoch's wife being Edna. The Animal Apocalypse claims to predict the
1149:
is the year that follows the passage of seven âweeks of yearsâ (seven cycles of
1051:
920:
915:
855:
850:
658:
386:
2717:
2065:
1788:
1236:
had deduced that the Hebrew original had used an otherwise unrecorded text for
3905:
2872:
2267:
1633:, and then in Letter 13 to John of Litarba, and Scholion 10, both authored by
1368:
was written in c.170-150 BCE by a Palestinian Jew of "priestly background and
1323:
has been problematic for Biblical scholars. While the oldest extant copies of
1253:
1249:
541:
212:
157:
140:
2703:
2238:
2173:
3420:
2944:
2524:
1574:
1369:
1328:
1295:
910:
1652:
Jan van Reeth argues that the Book of Jubilees had great influence on the
3927:
3497:
3484:
3463:
3410:
3405:
2939:
2934:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2748:
2675:
Wintermute, Orval S. (1985). "Jubilees". In James H. Charlesworth (ed.).
1669:
Jubilees bases its take on Enoch on the "Book of Watchers", 1 Enoch 1â36.
1615:
1414:
963:
953:
900:
895:
1413:
mated with mortal females, giving rise to a race of giants known as the
17:
3939:
3804:
2911:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2691:
The text translated by R.H. Charles, 1902, with introduction and notes.
2534:
The Book of Jubilees: Rewritten Bible, Redaction, Ideology and Theology
1495:
1373:
1303:
1286:(1855â1931) became the first Biblical scholar to propose an origin for
340:
3910:
3787:
3171:
3036:
2712:
2564:. Harvard Semitic monographs. Vol. 14. Missoula: Scholars Press.
1465:
1418:
1229:
1182:
1150:
1090:
663:
366:
1607:
through an angelic mediator. This idea is likewise reflected in the
2753:
2223:"Familiar spirits in the QurĘžÄn: retracing the origins of the jinn"
2158:"Familiar spirits in the QurĘžÄn: retracing the origins of the jinn"
2143:
Wolf Leslau, Falasha Anthology (Yale 1951), xxvii, xxxviii, xlii, 9
3750:
3071:
2793:
1406:
1346:
1142:
1138:
1025:
65:
1581:
sources. Some Jubilees traditions are echoed in the 12th-century
1137:
and of the commandment" as revealed to Moses (in addition to the
1121:. The text was also utilized by the community that collected the
2474:
Journal of the Interdisciplinary Study of Monotheistic Religions
1499:
1454:
1422:
3040:
2757:
1153:, or 49 total years), into which all of time has been divided.
1409:
on the first day of Creation and the story of how a group of
30:"Jubilees" redirects here. For the Jewish legal concept, see
2679:. Vol. 2. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. pp. 35â142.
2421:
Concordance latine du Liber Jubilaeorum sive parva Genesis
2038:"Ethiopian Orthodox Church's canonical Amharic version of
1480:, and his sixteen grandsons. After the destruction of the
1259:
Between 1947 and 1956, approximately fifteen scrolls of
1730:
1514:
counted as only one day to arrive at this computation.
2562:
Textual and Historical Studies in the Book of Jubilees
1614:
Ethiopic-speaking Christians translated Jubilees into
1248:(đ¸) or of the Hebrew text that was the basis for the
1822:
The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament
1760:, Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985.
1161:
Until the discovery of extensive fragments among the
1331:
to about 100 BCE, there is much evidence to suggest
1054:(Ethiopian Jews). Jubilees is considered one of the
3968:
3886:
3840:
3738:
3583:
3546:
3511:
3482:
3444:
3389:
3296:
3280:
3078:
2973:
2909:
2870:
2791:
2390:
The Ethiopic Version of the Hebrew Book of Jubilees
1618:before the 6th century where it became part of the
499:
489:
479:
456:
446:
436:
426:
416:
385:
375:
365:
242:
232:
222:
197:
187:
177:
167:
121:
111:
101:
91:
81:
2251:
2026:– via Digital Commons @ Andrews University.
1649:(d. 1286), and the Anonymous Chronicle by 1234.
1429:), while the "mortal females" were daughters of
2449:Biblical Interpretation in the Book of Jubilees
2442:Das Buch der Jubiläen; oder, Die kleine Genesis
1828:on 2009-02-24 – via Wesley Center Online.
1492:
2016:"Sacred Times: The Book of Jubilees at Qumran"
1520:7:20â29 is possibly an early reference to the
1042:text of 50 chapters (1341 verses), considered
3052:
2769:
2275:Andrew Rippin; Roberto Tottoli, eds. (2015).
1341:could not have been written very long prior.
1005:
8:
2733:Ethiopic Jubilees Reading Guide: 17:15-18:16
2550:
2426:
2419:
2366:
1540:immediately, and it became a source for the
27:Ancient Jewish religious work of 50 chapters
3293:
3059:
3045:
3037:
2776:
2762:
2754:
2552:Les idĂŠes religieuses du livre des JubilĂŠs
2465:The Book of Jubilees Among the Apocalypses
2403:The Book of Jubilees or the Little Genesis
2333:. San Francisco, CA: HarperCollins, 1999.
1012:
998:
829:
699:
534:
353:
153:
59:
36:
2344:Matthias Albani, JĂśrg Frey, Armin Lange.
2313:
2301:
2262:. Darmstadt: Wiss. Buchges. p. 340.
2119:
2001:
1997:
1926:
1902:
1890:
1886:
1873:
1824:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Archived from
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
2728:Ethiopic Jubilees Reading Guide: 11:1-10
2122:, pp. 99â101, 104â113 respectively.
1969:
1914:
1224:that are directly parallel to verses in
1165:, the earliest surviving manuscripts of
2611:. Vol. I. Oxford University Press.
2412:The Eschatology of the Book of Jubilees
2186:
1750:
1699:
1658:Abraham's role in the Quranic narrative
1494:This kingdom was to be ruled over by a
1306:that had already been worked on in the
1290:. Charles suggested that the author of
933:
887:
740:
702:
523:
470:
399:
356:
256:
211:
156:
48:
2083:Crawford Howell Toy; Kaufmann Kohler.
1560:. It is the source for certain of the
1394:Four classes of angels are mentioned:
1316:has been almost completely abandoned.
476:
413:
362:
219:
164:
78:
2639:Jubilees: A Commentary in Two Volumes
2571:The Book of Jubilees. A Critical Text
2440:August Dillmann, and Hermann RĂśnsch.
2368:Das Buch der Jubiläen und die Halacha
2151:
2149:
2131:
2107:
1957:
1417:, and then to their descendants, the
7:
2609:Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls
1030:German translation of Jubilees, 1856
3991:Other books referenced in the Bible
3950:New Testament manuscript categories
2842:Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs
2723:Ge'ez text of Jubilees (first page)
2718:Jubilees at earlyjewishwritings.com
2658:Jubilees: The Hermeneia Translation
1563:Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs
3521:Testaments of the Three Patriarchs
1625:In the Christian tradition of the
1387:covers much of the same ground as
1081:, as evidenced by the writings of
1048:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
25:
2590:The Book of Jubilees. Translation
2406:. London: Adam and Charles Black.
2737:
2573:. Vol. I. Leuven: Peeters.
2513:Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica
2204:"Jubilees 1:28 / Galatians 3:19"
1986:. Brill. pp. 108â109 n. 63.
1433:. This is also the view held by
1244:, one independent either of the
40:
4006:Biblical and Quranic narratives
2955:Additions to the Book of Esther
2463:Hanneken, Todd Russell (2008).
2428:Informatique et ĂŠtude de textes
2347:Studies in the Book of Jubilees
1335:was written before this date.
1240:and for the early chapters of
1:
3026:Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum
2588:VanderKam, James C. (1989b).
2569:VanderKam, James C. (1989a).
2414:(SPB 20) Leiden: Brill, 1971.
1637:(d. 708). Later still is the
4090:Old Testament pseudepigrapha
2677:Old Testament Pseudepigrapha
2656:VanderKam, James C. (2020).
2637:VanderKam, James C. (2018).
2616:VanderKam, James C. (2001).
2560:VanderKam, James C. (1977).
2378:Beyond the Essene Hypothesis
2376:Boccacini, Gabriele (1998).
2047:. p. 14. Archived from
1731:
1364:J. Amanda Guire argues that
1351:Animal Apocalypse in 1 Enoch
2747:public domain audiobook at
2014:McGuire, J. Amanda (2011).
4111:
3986:English Bible translations
3374:Song of the Three Children
2431:4; Louvain: CETEDOC, 1973)
2331:The Dead Sea Scrolls Bible
1941:Biblical Theology Bulletin
1723:
29:
4095:Texts attributed to Moses
4024:
2494:Brill Academic Publishers
2350:. Leuven: Peeters, 1997.
2281:. Brill. p. 280 ff.
2252:Jan M.F. van Reeth (1992)
2221:Falconer, Joshua (2019).
2156:Falconer, Joshua (2019).
1605:God gave the Law to Moses
4075:Enoch (ancestor of Noah)
2713:Development of the Canon
1654:formation of early Islam
1609:Epistle to the Galatians
1457:, were wiped out by the
1405:narrates the genesis of
1345:at 4:17-25 records that
1329:based on the handwriting
1072:denominations of Judaism
3848:Intertestamental period
2537:. Leiden-Boston, 2007.
2525:10.2143/OLP.23.1.519174
1982:Daniel C Olson (2013).
1688:Wives aboard Noah's Ark
1600:early Christian writers
1593:Pirkei de-Rabbi Eliezer
1566:, for instance that of
1439:Sextus Julius Africanus
1302:was the product of the
1199:Eutychius of Alexandria
1107:Eutychius of Alexandria
3832:Apocalyptic literature
3469:Paralipomena of Baruch
2551:
2427:
2420:
2372:Berlin: Scholem, 1930.
2367:
1818:"The Book of Jubilees"
1793:www.pseudepigrapha.com
1771:"Book of Jubilees 1:1"
1508:
1396:angels of the presence
1359:Oxford Annotated Bible
1031:
959:Paralipomena of Baruch
3996:Additional Scriptures
3960:New Testament uncials
2852:Apocalypse of Abraham
2706:Catholic Encyclopedia
2398:Charles, Robert Henry
2386:Charles, Robert Henry
2258:Klaus Berger (2008).
1542:Aramaic Levi Document
1435:Clementine literature
1191:Isidore of Alexandria
1141:or "Instruction") by
1099:Isidore of Alexandria
1077:It was well known to
1029:
4065:Ancient Hebrew texts
4060:2nd-century BC books
3981:Bible version debate
3955:New Testament papyri
3901:Samaritan Pentateuch
3526:Testament of Abraham
3464:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
2847:Testament of Abraham
2807:Life of Adam and Eve
2619:The Book of Jubilees
2417:Albert-Marie Denis.
2392:. Oxford: Clarendon.
1960:, p. 252, n.37.
1849:Unauthorized Version
1265:five caves at Qumran
1218:Geʽez Biblical texts
1171:early Church Fathers
954:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
3923:Muratorian fragment
3858:New Testament canon
3853:Old Testament canon
3746:Chapters and verses
3364:Additions to Daniel
3330:Additions to Esther
2960:Additions to Daniel
2886:Ascension of Isaiah
2857:Assumption of Moses
2697:Jewish Encyclopedia
2592:. Leuven: Peeters.
2556:Geneva: Droz, 1960.
2410:Gene L. Davenport.
2070:virtualreligion.net
2004:, pp. 17â21).
1683:Generations of Adam
1309:Books of Chronicles
880:Additions to Daniel
846:Additions to Esther
3536:Testament of Jacob
3531:Testament of Isaac
3416:Prayer of Manasseh
3379:Bel and the Dragon
3359:Letter of Jeremiah
3016:Letter of Aristeas
2965:Prayer of Manasseh
2881:Letter of Jeremiah
2862:Joseph and Aseneth
2812:Testament of Qahat
2802:Genesis Apocryphon
2660:. Fortress Press.
2641:. Fortress Press.
2329:Martin Jr. Abegg.
2208:intertextual.bible
2089:JewishEncyclopedia
2066:"Book of Jubilees"
1758:Harris, Stephen L.
1643:Michael the Syrian
1591:(5th century) and
1447:Augustine of Hippo
1195:Isidore of Seville
1187:Diodorus of Tarsus
1103:Isidore of Seville
1095:Diodorus of Tarsus
1032:
906:Prayer of Manasseh
875:Letter of Jeremiah
32:Jubilee (biblical)
4047:
4046:
4016:Textual criticism
3579:
3578:
3503:Psalms of Solomon
3446:Orthodox Tewahedo
3034:
3033:
3021:Sibylline Oracles
2925:Psalms of Solomon
2792:Apocrypha in the
2667:978-1-5064-6704-7
2648:978-1-5064-3848-1
2629:978-1-85075-767-2
2599:978-90-429-0552-8
2580:978-90-429-0551-1
2543:978-90-04-15057-7
2304:, pp. 52â54.
2288:978-90-04-28375-6
1739:(Ethiopian Jews).
1729:
1631:Cave of Treasures
1498:sprung, not from
1443:Ephrem the Syrian
1267:, all written in
1040:Jewish apocryphal
1022:
1021:
982:
981:
976:
975:
935:Orthodox Tewahedo
861:Wisdom of Solomon
813:
812:
519:
518:
513:
512:
509:
508:
466:
465:
395:
394:
331:
330:
252:
251:
207:
206:
131:
130:
16:(Redirected from
4102:
4080:Jewish apocrypha
4070:Book of Jubilees
3896:Dead Sea Scrolls
3878:Dating the Bible
3756:Historical books
3393:Eastern Orthodox
3306:Eastern Orthodox
3294:
3287:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3038:
2930:Testament of Job
2822:Book of Jubilees
2817:Visions of Amram
2785:Jewish apocrypha
2778:
2771:
2764:
2755:
2744:Book of Jubilees
2741:
2740:
2680:
2671:
2652:
2633:
2612:
2603:
2584:
2565:
2554:
2528:
2507:
2481:
2468:
2447:John C. Endres.
2444:. Leipzig: 1874.
2430:
2423:
2407:
2393:
2381:
2370:
2317:
2314:Boccacini (1998)
2311:
2305:
2302:Katsumata (2012)
2299:
2293:
2292:
2271:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2200:
2194:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2153:
2144:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2120:Boccacini (1998)
2117:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2046:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2011:
2005:
1996:VanderKam (
1994:
1988:
1987:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1936:
1930:
1927:Boccacini (1998)
1924:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1903:Boccacini (1998)
1900:
1894:
1885:VanderKam (
1883:
1877:
1874:VanderKam (2000)
1871:
1865:
1864:, June 29, 1993"
1858:
1852:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1810:
1797:
1796:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1740:
1734:
1728:romanized:
1727:
1725:
1716:Book of Division
1704:
1598:It appears that
1554:Epistle of Enoch
1403:Book of Jubilees
1355:Maccabean Revolt
1327:can be assigned
1294:may have been a
1279:Origins and date
1207:George Syncellus
1163:Dead Sea Scrolls
1151:sabbatical years
1131:Dead Sea Scrolls
1123:Dead Sea Scrolls
1115:George Syncellus
1079:early Christians
1060:Eastern Orthodox
1050:, as well as by
1036:Book of Jubilees
1014:
1007:
1000:
830:
826:
824:Deuterocanonical
700:
696:
652:
588:
544:
535:
529:
477:
414:
407:
363:
354:
349:
345:
220:
165:
154:
149:
145:
79:
74:
70:
60:
54:
44:
37:
21:
4110:
4109:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4043:
4020:
3964:
3882:
3873:Christian canon
3836:
3771:Prophetic books
3734:
3665:2 Thessalonians
3660:1 Thessalonians
3575:
3542:
3507:
3478:
3440:
3399:
3385:
3313:
3285:
3284:
3276:
3087:
3083:
3074:
3065:
3035:
3030:
2974:Other apocrypha
2969:
2905:
2866:
2787:
2782:
2738:
2687:
2674:
2668:
2655:
2649:
2636:
2630:
2615:
2606:
2600:
2587:
2581:
2568:
2559:
2548:Michel Testuz.
2531:Michael Segal.
2510:
2504:
2503:978-900421768-3
2486:Kugel, James L.
2484:
2471:
2462:
2435:August Dillmann
2396:
2384:
2375:
2326:
2321:
2320:
2312:
2308:
2300:
2296:
2289:
2274:
2272:
2257:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2185:
2181:
2155:
2154:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2130:
2126:
2118:
2114:
2106:
2102:
2093:
2091:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2051:
2044:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1995:
1991:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1970:Hanneken (2008)
1968:
1964:
1956:
1952:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1925:
1921:
1915:Hanneken (2008)
1913:
1909:
1901:
1897:
1893:, p. 18).
1884:
1880:
1872:
1868:
1859:
1855:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1812:
1811:
1800:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1775:www.sefaria.org
1769:
1768:
1764:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1732:maᚣiḼÄfa kufale
1705:
1701:
1696:
1679:
1666:
1635:Jacob of Edessa
1627:Syriac language
1595:(9th century).
1556:" are based on
1530:
1451:John Chrysostom
1382:
1281:
1269:Biblical Hebrew
1211:George Kedrenos
1159:
1127:Biblical Hebrew
1119:George Kedrenos
1018:
978:
977:
827:
822:
815:
814:
697:
692:
685:
684:
683:
653:
648:
641:
640:
639:
589:
584:
577:
576:
575:
545:
540:
527:
515:
514:
405:
351:
347:
341:
333:
332:
327:
151:
147:
141:
133:
132:
76:
72:
66:
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4108:
4106:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4052:
4051:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4011:Synod of Hippo
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3945:Masoretic Text
3942:
3937:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3892:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3781:Minor prophets
3778:
3776:Major prophets
3768:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3742:
3740:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3589:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3554:Pseudepigrapha
3550:
3548:
3547:Classification
3544:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3517:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3493:Psalms 152â155
3489:
3487:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3450:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3361:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3147:1â2 Chronicles
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3093:
3091:
3076:
3075:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3041:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2986:Book of Judith
2983:
2981:Book of Sirach
2977:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2950:Psalms 152â155
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2920:Book of Wisdom
2916:
2914:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2798:
2796:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2701:
2693:
2686:
2685:External links
2683:
2682:
2681:
2672:
2666:
2653:
2647:
2634:
2628:
2613:
2604:
2598:
2585:
2579:
2566:
2557:
2546:
2529:
2508:
2502:
2482:
2469:
2460:
2445:
2438:
2432:
2415:
2408:
2394:
2382:
2373:
2362:Chanoch Albeck
2359:
2342:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2306:
2294:
2287:
2260:Die Urchristen
2244:
2213:
2195:
2187:Charles (1902)
2179:
2145:
2136:
2134:, p. 110.
2124:
2112:
2110:, p. 167.
2100:
2075:
2057:
2054:on 2011-06-14.
2029:
2006:
1989:
1974:
1972:, p. 143.
1962:
1950:
1931:
1929:, p. 81f.
1919:
1917:, p. 156.
1907:
1905:, p. 86f.
1895:
1878:
1876:, p. 435.
1866:
1853:
1840:
1831:
1798:
1780:
1762:
1749:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1708:Lesser Genesis
1706:Also known as
1698:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1665:
1662:
1620:Ethiopic Bible
1589:Bereshit Rabba
1584:Midrash Tadshe
1529:
1526:
1482:Tower of Babel
1381:
1378:
1319:The dating of
1280:
1277:
1263:were found in
1246:Masoretic Text
1158:
1155:
1056:pseudepigrapha
1038:is an ancient
1020:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1009:
1002:
994:
991:
990:
984:
983:
980:
979:
974:
973:
972:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
938:
937:
931:
930:
929:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
890:
889:
885:
884:
883:
882:
877:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
828:
821:
820:
817:
816:
811:
810:
809:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
745:
744:
742:Minor prophets
738:
737:
736:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
707:
706:
704:Major prophets
698:
691:
690:
687:
686:
682:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
655:
654:
647:
646:
643:
642:
638:
637:
632:
627:
622:
620:1â2 Chronicles
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
591:
590:
583:
582:
579:
578:
574:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
547:
546:
539:
538:
531:
530:
528:(Christianity)
521:
520:
517:
516:
511:
510:
507:
506:
505:Divre Hayyamim
503:
497:
496:
493:
487:
486:
483:
473:
472:
468:
467:
464:
463:
460:
454:
453:
450:
444:
443:
440:
434:
433:
430:
424:
423:
420:
410:
409:
397:
396:
393:
392:
389:
383:
382:
379:
373:
372:
369:
359:
358:
352:
339:
338:
335:
334:
329:
328:
326:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
264:
261:
260:
254:
253:
250:
249:
246:
240:
239:
236:
230:
229:
226:
216:
215:
209:
208:
205:
204:
201:
195:
194:
191:
185:
184:
181:
175:
174:
171:
161:
160:
152:
139:
138:
135:
134:
129:
128:
125:
119:
118:
115:
109:
108:
105:
99:
98:
95:
89:
88:
85:
77:
64:
63:
56:
55:
46:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4107:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4023:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3885:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3833:
3830:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3803:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3628:2 Corinthians
3626:
3624:
3623:1 Corinthians
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3585:New Testament
3582:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3566:New Testament
3564:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3481:
3475:
3474:Broader canon
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3283:
3279:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3187:Song of Songs
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3085:Old Testament
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3062:
3057:
3055:
3050:
3048:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2991:Book of Tobit
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2910:Apocrypha in
2908:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2871:Apocrypha in
2869:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2790:
2786:
2779:
2774:
2772:
2767:
2765:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2663:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2614:
2610:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2572:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2458:
2457:0-915170-17-5
2454:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2356:3-16-146793-0
2353:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2340:
2339:0-06-060063-2
2336:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2315:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2295:
2290:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2253:
2248:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2217:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2191:lxxviiâlxxxvi
2188:
2183:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2101:
2090:
2086:
2079:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2058:
2050:
2043:
2041:
2033:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2010:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1985:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1814:R. H. Charles
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1784:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1738:
1733:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1639:Catena Severi
1636:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1550:Temple Scroll
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1512:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1411:fallen angels
1408:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1284:R. H. Charles
1278:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1234:R. H. Charles
1232:discoveries,
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1179:Justin Martyr
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1129:found in the
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1087:Justin Martyr
1084:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1028:
1024:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1003:
1001:
996:
995:
993:
992:
989:
986:
985:
970:
969:Broader canon
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
941:
940:
939:
936:
932:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
892:
891:
888:Orthodox only
886:
881:
878:
876:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
833:
832:
831:
825:
819:
818:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
748:
747:
746:
743:
739:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
710:
709:
708:
705:
701:
695:
689:
688:
680:
679:Song of Songs
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
656:
651:
645:
644:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
592:
587:
581:
580:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
548:
543:
537:
536:
533:
532:
526:
525:Old Testament
522:
504:
502:
498:
494:
492:
491:EzraâNehemiah
488:
484:
482:
478:
475:
474:
469:
461:
459:
455:
451:
449:
445:
441:
439:
435:
431:
429:
425:
422:Shir Hashirim
421:
419:
418:Song of Songs
415:
412:
411:
408:
404:
398:
390:
388:
384:
380:
378:
374:
370:
368:
364:
361:
360:
355:
350:
344:
337:
336:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
265:
263:
262:
259:
255:
247:
245:
241:
237:
235:
231:
227:
225:
221:
218:
217:
214:
210:
202:
200:
196:
192:
190:
186:
182:
180:
176:
172:
170:
166:
163:
162:
159:
155:
150:
144:
137:
136:
126:
124:
120:
116:
114:
110:
106:
104:
100:
96:
94:
90:
86:
84:
80:
75:
73:(Instruction)
69:
62:
61:
58:
57:
51:
47:
43:
39:
38:
33:
19:
3934:Vetus Latina
3932:
3915:
3868:Jewish canon
3863:Antilegomena
3765:Poetic Books
3761:Wisdom books
3739:Subdivisions
3652:
3458:
3357: /
3282:Deuterocanon
3202:Lamentations
3182:Ecclesiastes
3089:(protocanon)
3080:Hebrew Bible
2821:
2743:
2705:
2696:
2676:
2657:
2638:
2618:
2608:
2589:
2570:
2561:
2549:
2532:
2516:
2512:
2489:
2477:
2473:
2464:
2448:
2441:
2418:
2411:
2402:
2389:
2377:
2365:
2345:
2330:
2309:
2297:
2277:
2259:
2247:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2207:
2198:
2182:
2165:
2161:
2139:
2132:Kugel (2012)
2127:
2115:
2108:Kugel (2012)
2103:
2092:. Retrieved
2088:
2078:
2069:
2060:
2049:the original
2039:
2032:
2023:
2019:
2009:
1992:
1983:
1977:
1965:
1958:Kugel (2012)
1953:
1944:
1940:
1934:
1922:
1910:
1898:
1881:
1869:
1861:
1856:
1848:
1843:
1834:
1826:the original
1821:
1792:
1789:"Jubilees 1"
1783:
1774:
1765:
1753:
1745:
1715:
1712:Leptogenesis
1711:
1707:
1702:
1651:
1624:
1613:
1597:
1582:
1572:
1561:
1557:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1522:Noahide laws
1517:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1478:sons of Noah
1474:
1463:
1426:
1402:
1400:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1365:
1363:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1313:
1307:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1272:
1260:
1258:
1241:
1237:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1203:John Malalas
1166:
1160:
1147:jubilee year
1135:
1111:John Malalas
1076:
1035:
1033:
1023:
988:Bible portal
948:
873: /
723:Lamentations
674:Ecclesiastes
448:Ecclesiastes
438:Lamentations
402:
342:
142:
67:
50:Hebrew Bible
4039:WikiProject
3917:Diatessaron
3888:Manuscripts
3841:Development
3643:Philippians
3513:Beta Israel
3431:4 Maccabees
3426:3 Maccabees
3340:2 Maccabees
3335:1 Maccabees
3117:Deuteronomy
3011:4 Maccabees
3006:3 Maccabees
3001:2 Maccabees
2996:1 Maccabees
2519:: 251â274.
2380:. Eerdmans.
2316:, p. .
2254:. Cf. also:
2189:, pp.
1737:Beta Israel
1647:Barhebraeus
1645:(d. 1199),
1459:great flood
1157:Manuscripts
1052:Beta Israel
921:4 Maccabees
916:3 Maccabees
856:2 Maccabees
851:1 Maccabees
571:Deuteronomy
123:Deuteronomy
4054:Categories
3976:Authorship
3906:Septuagint
3751:Pentateuch
3730:Revelation
3654:Laodiceans
3648:Colossians
3137:1â2 Samuel
2324:References
2268:1074177423
2233:(2): 258.
2168:(2): 253.
2094:2023-08-20
1714:, and the
1579:Rabbinical
1534:Hasmoneans
1427:Deqiqa Set
1254:Common Era
1250:Septuagint
1175:Epiphanius
1083:Epiphanius
1068:Protestant
610:1â2 Samuel
586:Historical
542:Pentateuch
501:Chronicles
471:Historical
348:(Writings)
148:(Prophets)
3815:Johannine
3675:2 Timothy
3670:1 Timothy
3638:Ephesians
3633:Galatians
3421:Psalm 151
3289:apocrypha
3267:Zechariah
3257:Zephaniah
3142:1â2 Kings
3107:Leviticus
2945:Psalm 151
2239:0393-6805
2174:0393-6805
1575:Pharisaic
1528:Reception
1304:midrashim
1298:and that
1044:canonical
911:Psalm 151
801:Zechariah
791:Zephaniah
694:Prophetic
615:1â2 Kings
561:Leviticus
406:(Scrolls)
318:Zechariah
308:Zephaniah
248:Yekhezqel
238:Yirmeyahu
228:Yeshayahu
103:Leviticus
53:(Judaism)
4085:Nephilim
4029:Category
3928:Peshitta
3825:Catholic
3820:Pastoral
3805:Epistles
3798:Synoptic
3685:Philemon
3498:2 Baruch
3485:Peshitta
3459:Jubilees
3411:2 Esdras
3406:1 Esdras
3301:Catholic
3252:Habakkuk
3197:Jeremiah
3177:Proverbs
3157:Nehemiah
2940:2 Esdras
2935:1 Esdras
2901:3 Baruch
2896:2 Baruch
2891:1 Baruch
2749:LibriVox
2488:(2012).
2480:: 37â58.
2400:(1902).
2388:(1895).
2040:Jubilees
1816:(1913).
1724:áá˝áá áŠáá
1677:See also
1558:Jubilees
1546:Jubilees
1538:Jubilees
1536:adopted
1518:Jubilees
1511:Jubilees
1488:Jubilees
1415:Nephilim
1385:Jubilees
1370:Hassidic
1366:Jubilees
1343:Jubilees
1339:Jubilees
1333:Jubilees
1325:Jubilees
1321:Jubilees
1314:Jubilees
1300:Jubilees
1296:Pharisee
1292:Jubilees
1288:Jubilees
1273:Jubilees
1261:Jubilees
1222:Jubilees
1173:such as
1167:Jubilees
1064:Catholic
964:Josippon
949:Jubilees
901:2 Esdras
896:1 Esdras
786:Habakkuk
718:Jeremiah
669:Proverbs
630:Nehemiah
485:Daniyyel
403:Megillot
377:Proverbs
371:Tehillim
303:Habakkuk
234:Jeremiah
203:Melakhim
183:Shofetim
173:Yehoshua
117:Bemidbar
87:Bereshit
18:Jubilees
4001:Studies
3969:Related
3940:Vulgate
3810:Pauline
3788:Gospels
3705:2 Peter
3700:1 Peter
3690:Hebrews
3593:Matthew
3483:Syriac
3369:Susanna
3272:Malachi
3232:Obadiah
3207:Ezekiel
3112:Numbers
3097:Genesis
3070:of the
2912:Ketuvim
2873:Nevi'im
2837:3 Enoch
2832:2 Enoch
2827:1 Enoch
2042:, 5:21"
1947:: 106f.
1851:(1992).
1664:Sources
1496:Messiah
1389:Genesis
1380:Content
1238:Genesis
1226:Genesis
1058:by the
1046:by the
806:Malachi
766:Obadiah
728:Ezekiel
566:Numbers
551:Genesis
452:Qohelet
381:Mishlei
343:Ketuvim
323:Malachi
283:Obadiah
244:Ezekiel
193:Shemuel
143:Nevi'im
127:Devarim
113:Numbers
107:Wayiqra
83:Genesis
4034:Portal
3911:Targum
3720:3 John
3715:2 John
3710:1 John
3618:Romans
3571:Jewish
3396:Others
3355:Baruch
3350:Sirach
3345:Wisdom
3325:Judith
3310:Others
3262:Haggai
3212:Daniel
3192:Isaiah
3172:Psalms
3162:Esther
3127:Judges
3122:Joshua
3102:Exodus
2664:
2645:
2626:
2596:
2577:
2541:
2500:
2455:
2354:
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