687:, and was quick to say that less had changed than should have: "there is the reality," he said in a 1992 interview, "that the South Africa that alienated black people to a very large extent still exists." Kgositsile was quick to criticize black leaders as well as white for this status quo, accusing the ANC of "being criminally backward when it comes to questions of culture and its place in society or struggle." In the early 1990s he served as vice president of COSAW, fostering the careers of young writers while continuing his steady critique of South African politics.
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373:, other than having to go to school outside of his neighborhood for reasons he did not then understand, was a conflict with a local white family after he fought a white friend of his who hesitated when other friends refused to join a boxing club that denied Kgositsile membership. The experience was a formative one, and joined with other experiences of exclusion that increased throughout his teenage years. For Kgositsile, adulthood meant an entrance into apartheid.
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670:. In 1990, however, it was still a place of great confusion, particularly for the many exiled black writers, artists, and intellectuals pouring into the country. In a 1991 essay, "Crossing Borders Without Leaving", Kgostitsile describes his first trip back to Johannesburg, where he was sponsored by COSAW: "Here are my colleagues and
547:, and many others in the jazz clubs of New York, and wrote to them and of them in his poems. Jazz was crucial to Kgositsile's most influential idea: his sense of a worldwide African diaspora united by an ear for a certain quintessentially black sound. He wrote of the black aesthetic he pursued and celebrated:
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Usually, when we met, there would be a little amused giggle or mischievous grin from them as we shook hands and hugged or kissed, depending on the gender. When I would want to find out what the joke was so that we could share it if I also found it funny, one or several of them would recite some of my
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Kgositsile's most recent poems are more conversational and perhaps less lyrical than his earlier work, and, compared to his once-fiery nationalism, they are muted, and even skeptical. They speak of doubt rather than certainty, a doubt often reinforced by rhythmical understatement, as in the short,
637:, who was also living in Tanzania. Still from exile, he renewed his activities with the ANC, founding its Department of Education in 1977 and its Department of Arts and Culture in 1983; he became Deputy Secretary in 1987. Kgositsile taught at several schools in different parts of Africa, including
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literature and culture, becoming particularly interested in jazz. During the 1970s he was a central figure among
African-American poets, encouraging interest in Africa as well as the practice of poetry as a performance art; he was well known for his readings in New York City jazz clubs. Kgositsile
611:, a purely aesthetic conception of black culture, on the grounds that it was dependent on white aesthetic models of perception, a process he called "fornicating with the white eye." This work took place while Kgositsile was teaching at Columbia in the earlier 1970s; he left to work briefly at
674:. Can you deal with that? Hosts! In my own country." But it is not his country anymore: "there are no memories here. The streets of Johannesburg cannot claim me. I cannot claim them either." Still, he returned to the country as a kind of hero to young black writers and activists:
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Any early interest in fiction was replaced by the sheer urgency of communication that
Kgositsile felt. As he said later, "In a situation of oppression, there are no choices beyond didactic writing: either you are a tool of oppression or an instrument of liberation."
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In July 1990, after 29 years in exile, Kgositsile returned to South Africa. He arrived in a country wholly different from the one he had left, transformed by the beginning of the end of apartheid and the release and later the political triumph of
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in Harlem. He saw black theater as a fundamentally revolutionary activity, whose ambition must be the destruction of the ingrained habits of thought responsible for perceptions of black people both by white people and by themselves. He wrote:
396:), he began writing stories, though not yet with any intention of doing so professionally. After working at a series of odd jobs after high school, he took to writing more seriously, getting a job with the politically charged newspaper
786:(they had married in 1978, while both living in exile in Tanzania), is the former Deputy President of South Africa; Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa since 21 May 2014 and chairperson of the
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Freedom from a constricting white aesthetic sensibility and the discovery of the rhythmic experience common to black people of all the world were, for
Kgositsile, two sides of the same struggle.
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work, complete with the sound of my voice to the degree that had I heard the recitation without seeing who was reciting, I would probably have said, "Wonder when I recorded that."
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The Black Arts
Theatre was part of a larger project aimed at the creation of literary black voice unafraid to be militant. Kgositsile argued persistently against the idea of
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Poetry Award. He graduated from
Columbia in 1971, and remained in New York, teaching and giving his characteristically dynamic readings in downtown clubs and as part of the
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We will be destroying the symbols which have facilitated our captivity. We will be creating and establishing symbols to facilitate our necessary and constant beginning.
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867:(OIS) "For excellent achievements in the field of literature and using these exceptional talents to expose the evils of the system of apartheid to the world."
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Kgositsile returned to the United States several times, including for a visiting professorship at the New School. He was a member of the editorial board of
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artist under the stage name Earl
Sweatshirt. Kgositsile was posthumously featured, alongside Harris, on the song "Playing Possum" from his 2018 album
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Ro, Sigmund (1985). ""Desercrators" and "Necromancers": Black
American Writers and Critics in the Nineteen-Sixties and the Third World Perspective".
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Bethlehem, Louise (2001). ""A Primary Need as Strong as Hunger": The
Rhetoric of Urgency in South African Literary Culture under Apartheid".
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in 2006. Kgositsile lived in exile in the United States from 1962 until 1975, the peak of his literary career. He made an extensive study of
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In 1975, Kgositsile decided to return to Africa, despite his blossoming career in the United States, and took up a teaching position at the
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in
Johannesburg, as well as schools in other parts of the country. During that time he was able (with some difficulty) to find books by
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of the same name), but the following year emigrated to the United States. He studied at a series of universities, beginning with
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The many literary awards he received include the
Gwendolyn Brooks Poetry Prize, the Harlem Cultural Council Poetry Award, the
653:(COSAW), with which he was already associated, decided to attempt a publication within the country. The successful result was
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In 2013, he was elected as the Director of Culture Department and one of the first Executive Committee Members of the
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There is nothing like art—in the oppressor's sense of art. There is only movement. Force. Creative power. The walk of
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657:, a collection of poems from other volumes, which was Kgositsile's first book to be available in his native country.
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Jazz was particularly important to Kgositsile's sense of black American culture and his own place in it. He saw
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was one of the first to bridge the gap between African poetry and African-American poetry in the United States.
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582:. Anguished happiness. Creative power, in whatever form it is released, moves like the dancer's muscles.
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1448:, Interview with Keorapetse Kgositsile, 20 February 1992, in Kevin Goddard and Charles Wessels (eds),
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In 1961, under considerable pressure both for himself and as part of a government effort to shut down
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Rowell, Charles H. (1978). "'With Bloodstains to Testify': An Interview with Keorapetse Kgositsile".
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newspaper in Johannesburg, and remained at the forefront of contemporary South African literature.
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1471:"Keorapetse Kgositsile, Lebo Mashile, Don Mattera and Phillippa Yaa de Villiers to Tour the UK"
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Rowell, Charles H., "'With Bloodstains to Testify': An Interview with Keorapetse Kgositsile",
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Despite that sense of distance from the country, he dove immediately back into politics and
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1299:"Life's Truth Aesthetically Interpreted: Greg Snyder Talks With Keorapetse Kgositsile"
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After a short illness, Kgositsile died aged 79 on 3 January 2018 at Johannesburg's
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Keorapetse Kgositsile, South Africa's National Poet (charcoal on paper, by
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1122:"Black music and pan-African solidarity in Keorapetse Kgositsile’s poetry"
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1106:"Synaesthesia as Purposeful Distortion in Keorapetse Kgositsile's Poetry"
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Kgositsile also became active in theater while in New York, founding the
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1101:, Grahamstown: National English Literary Museum, 1992, pp. 79–91.
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in the 1960s and 1970s, he was inaugurated as South Africa's National
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poet, journalist and political activist. An influential member of the
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Brown, Lloyd W. (1974). "The Cultural Revolution in Black Theatre".
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1721:"Prof Keorapetse Kgositsile on the most important book in his life"
1581:"Baleka Mbete: The friendly first lady with claws of an alley cat"
1164:"Keorapetse Kgositsile, 79, South African Poet and Activist, Dies"
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495:. At the same time, he published his first collection of poems,
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1452:, Grahamstown: National English Literary Museum, 1992, p. 81.
519:, established Kgositsile as a leading African-American poet.
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with an unmuted call to arms, as in these lines from "Dawn":
1615:"National Poet Laureate and political activist dead at 79"
994:, Lebo Mashile and Phillippa Yaa de Villiers; foreword by
1723:, National Book Week TV. YouTube video, 1 September 2011.
794:) is a journalist and fiction writer who has written for
333:(19 September 1938 – 3 January 2018), also known by his
499:. The collection was well received, and he was given a
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Biography and selected poems from Poetry International
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Johannesburg: Congress of South African Writers, 1990.
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South African poet and political activist (1938–2018)
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Chicago: Third World Press, 1975. 2nd edition 1993.
1533:"Vibrancy & Urgency – New South African Poetry"
1353:"Towards our Theatre: A Definitive Act," quoted in
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1557:Keorapetse Kgositsile | Collected Poems, 1969–2018
1010:Keorapetse Kgositsile: Collected Poems, 1969–2018
962:, and Plumstead, South Africa: Snailpress, 2002.
772:Keorapetse Kgositsile: Collected Poems, 1969–2018
365:Kgositsile was born in a mostly white section of
1716:Webcast at the Library of Congress, 3 April 2012
1421:Kgositsile, "Crossing Borders Without Leaving",
1147:Podcast with Poet Laureate Keorapetse Kgositsile
976:. Cape Town: Kwela Books, and Snailpress, 2004.
1391:Arnold, A. James (1983). "Cesaire at Seventy".
918:Oakland, California: Achebe Publications, 1975.
715:UK tour that also featured South African poets
1560:. University of Nebraska Press. January 2023.
1772:Columbia University School of the Arts alumni
1127:Journal of South African and American Studies
863:In 2008, Kgositsile was awarded the national
8:
511:. Kgositsile's most influential collection,
1097:Goddard, Kevin, and Charles Wessels (eds),
1036:The Word Is Here: Poetry from Modern Africa
916:Places and Bloodstains: Notes for Ipeleng.
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1450:Out of Exile: South African Writers Speak
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1099:Out of Exile: South African Writers Speak
922:The Present is a Dangerous Place to Live.
633:. In 1978, he married another ANC exile,
527:Influence of jazz and the black aesthetic
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
1650:"KZN icons to be honoured by Presidency"
1483:"Beyond Words: New South African Poetry"
1162:Russonello, Giovanni (16 January 2018).
854:Conrad Kent Rivers Memorial Poetry Award
752:SA-China People's Friendship Association
410:Remember in baton boot and bullet ritual
1757:21st-century South African male writers
1747:20th-century South African male writers
1523:, TheSouthAfrican.com, 2 November 2009.
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810:(given his middle name after the poet
1690:"Beyond Words: South African Poetics"
1521:"SA’s top poets to perform in London"
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820:University of California, Los Angeles
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1782:Recipients of the Order of Ikhamanga
1596:Thompson, Nicholas (7 January 2009)
1052:. Chicago: Third World Press, 1994.
711:In 2009, Bra Willie was part of the
661:"Your destination remains / Elusive"
55:adding citations to reliable sources
988:Beyond Words: South African Poetics
747:and the South African government).
423:with the indelible blood of infants
1587:of New Zealand, 21 September 2008.
1308:. New School for Social Research,
944:Chicago: Third World Press, 1995.
806:magazines. He had his second son,
485:The New School for Social Research
427:Not that they demand a hasty death
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1389:"Paths to the Future," quoted in
691:uneven lines of "Recollections":
651:Congress of South African Writers
1762:21st-century South African poets
1752:20th-century South African poets
1427:, Vol. 4, No. 2 (1991, 5–10), 6.
998:. Flipped Eye Publishing, 2009.
956:If I Could Sing: Selected Poems.
770:published the posthumous volume
425:So the young are no longer young
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1640:, South African History Online.
1357:Negro American Literature Forum
505:National Endowment for the Arts
491:program in creative writing at
42:needs additional citations for
1631:National Order Recipients 2008
1473:, Books Live, 26 October 2009.
1111:Comparative Literature Studies
1:
1598:"Looking for Earl Sweatshirt"
1149:, Books Live, 12 August 2008.
1130:, Volume 18, Number 4, 2017.
822:. Thebe is better known as a
326:Keorapetse William Kgositsile
167:Keorapetse William Kgositsile
1276:. Last Updated 21 July 2013.
1114:, Volume 46, Number 2, 2009.
1050:Approaches to Poetry Writing
1014:University of Nebraska Press
768:University of Nebraska Press
1767:Activists from Johannesburg
1604:. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
858:Herman Charles Bosman Prize
627:University of Dar es Salaam
481:University of New Hampshire
466:right-wing British magazine
464:magazine (unrelated to the
412:The bloodhounds of Monster
312:African-American literature
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1038:. New York: Anchor, 1973.
509:Uptown Black Arts Movement
199:Johannesburg, South Africa
1802:Writers from Johannesburg
1792:South African journalists
1502:"Beyond Words – Overview"
1250:10.1215/03335372-22-2-365
958:Roggebaai, South Africa:
865:Order of Ikhamanga Silver
788:African National Congress
725:Phillippa Yaa de Villiers
487:, Kgositsile entered the
421:over the belly of my land
346:African National Congress
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1797:South African male poets
1538:18 December 2014 at the
1507:18 December 2014 at the
1488:18 December 2014 at the
1304:8 September 2005 at the
792:Melba Johnson Kgositsile
705:Your destination remains
558:or my Harlem brother on
1787:South African activists
1710:Author information page
1667:"Honouring SA’s heroes"
1636:22 January 2016 at the
1274:Encyclopædia Britannica
1271:"Keorapetse Kgositsile"
1222:4 February 2012 at the
1184:, issue 2, 1978, p. 23.
808:Thebe Neruda Kgositsile
701:You must have somewhere
614:Black Dialogue Magazine
501:Harlem Cultural Council
66:"Keorapetse Kgositsile"
1511:, Apples & Snakes.
1436:"Crossing Borders" 10.
1312:, Vol. 6, no. 2, 1995.
936:When the Clouds Clear.
479:After studying at the
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340:, was a South African
1395:(17): 111–119 (118).
1327:(25): 563–576 (560).
974:This Way I Salute You
818:, a law professor at
766:In January 2023, the
655:When the Clouds Clear
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138:Keorapetse Kgositsile
1672:6 March 2014 at the
1542:, Sustained Theatre.
1492:, Sustained Theatre.
1363:(1): 159–165 (161).
745:Arts Council England
735:in association with
378:Madibane High School
376:Kgositsile attended
51:improve this article
1665:Mariechen Waldner,
733:Apples & Snakes
503:Poetry Award and a
493:Columbia University
489:Master of Fine Arts
394:D. H. Lawrence
1680:, 3 November 2008.
1656:, 21 October 2008.
1215:Vol. 9, No. 2, 15
1168:The New York Times
942:To the Bitter End.
904:; introduction by
882:Spirits Unchained.
876:Poetry collections
721:Lesego Rampolokeng
596:Black Arts Theatre
470:Lincoln University
448:The years of exile
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225:political activist
157:Kgositsile in 2012
1777:Kgositsile family
1621:, 3 January 2018.
1567:978-1-4962-2115-5
1022:978-1-4962-2115-5
902:My Name is Afrika
896:Third World Press
782:His former wife,
737:Sustained Theatre
695:Though you remain
685:cultural activism
513:My Name is Afrika
497:Spirits Unchained
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233:Years active
177:19 September 1938
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892:For Melba: Poems
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1602:The New Yorker
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1297:Snyder, Greg,
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829:Some Rap Songs
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62:Find sources:
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908:. New York:
901:
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812:Pablo Neruda
801:
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784:Baleka Mbete
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729:Lebo Mashile
713:Beyond Words
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560:Lenox Avenue
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367:Johannesburg
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248:Baleka Mbete
194:(2018-01-03)
181:Johannesburg
131:
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49:Please help
44:verification
41:
1742:2018 deaths
1737:1938 births
1654:The Witness
1285:Rowell, 28.
1029:Other books
992:Don Mattera
960:Kwela Books
894:. Chicago:
717:Don Mattera
699:To be alive
576:Marvin Gaye
537:Nina Simone
256:(separated)
250:(separated)
213:Occupations
1731:Categories
1692:at Amazon.
1678:City Press
1424:Staffrider
1321:Quoted in
1234:Quoted in
856:, and the
553:Sophiatown
545:B. B. King
361:Early life
338:Bra Willie
285:Bra Willie
222:journalist
173:1938-09-19
107:March 2024
77:newspapers
18:Kgositsile
1585:The Times
1258:145123245
1034:(editor)
910:Doubleday
884:Detroit:
697:Convinced
609:Négritude
568:The Blues
462:Spearhead
371:apartheid
236:1960–2018
1670:Archived
1634:Archived
1536:Archived
1505:Archived
1486:Archived
1393:Callaloo
1325:Callaloo
1302:Archived
1220:Archived
1211:"Dawn",
1182:Callaloo
1074:Callaloo
814:), with
760:This Day
707:Elusive.
643:Botswana
631:Tanzania
580:mbaqanga
404:lyricism
335:pen name
282:Pen name
264:Children
1409:3044017
1377:3041431
1341:2930827
1213:New Age
1091:2930769
990:, with
912:, 1971.
898:, 1970.
888:, 1969.
824:hip hop
803:Essence
454:New Age
414:Vorster
399:New Age
300:Subject
241:Spouses
91:scholar
1619:News24
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848:Awards
647:Zambia
645:, and
574:riff.
556:tsotsi
419:SOWETO
342:Tswana
93:
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64:
1405:JSTOR
1373:JSTOR
1337:JSTOR
1254:S2CID
1134:Notes
1087:JSTOR
836:Death
703:To go
672:hosts
639:Kenya
629:, in
572:Trane
416:wrote
290:Genre
269:Thebe
208:Kgosi
98:JSTOR
84:books
1562:ISBN
1054:ISBN
1040:ISBN
1018:ISBN
1000:ISBN
978:ISBN
964:ISBN
946:ISBN
926:ISBN
800:and
797:Vibe
727:and
570:. A
483:and
392:and
384:and
294:Jazz
219:Poet
189:Died
163:Born
70:news
1397:doi
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578:or
472:in
330:OIS
143:OIS
53:by
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20:)
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