1047:
Buriat
Migration, the Selenge Valley, as before, was inhabited by Mongol clans under the rule of the Khalkha khans. By 1652 the Khalkha khans were protesting the Russian incursions into Transbaikalia, and from 1666 on Khalkha raiding parties reached as far as Bratsk, Ilimsk, Yeravninsk, and Nerchinsk, while the khans besieged the forts on the Selenge. At the same time, however, the Khoris along the Uda River in 1647 surrendered as a block to the Russians to escape paying tribute to the Khalkhas. Smaller Mongol clan fragments also defected north to the protection of Cossack forts. The invasion of Khalkha by Galdan Boshogtu Khan in 1688 stopped Khalkha resistance to the Cossack advance and sent more Mongol refugees fleeing into Russian control.
849:
361:
3936:
647:
631:
78:
1051:
Tavnanguud; Yungsiebu; O'zeed; Uuld; Tsongool. The
Tsongool subclans are as follows: 1. Uriankhad, 2. Bolingud, 3. Baatud, 4. Ashibagad, 5. Avgachuud, 6. Sharnuud, 7. Nomkhod, 8. Khamnigan, 9. Arshaantan, 10. Khorchid, 11. Naimantan, 12. Yunshööbü, 13. Khotgoid, 14. Eljiged, 15. Örlüüd, 16. Tavnanguud, 17. Orongoi, 18. Tsookhor, 19. Sartuul, 20. Sharaid, 21. Temdegten.
55:
949:
1038:
Chinese, as the surrounding districts are held by
Mongols. The tribe, which has a prince of its own, was founded by immigrants from the Jasakto Khan division of Outer Mongolia, who fled to Inner Mongolia and offered submission to the Manchus in 1662, during the wars between the Northern (Khalkha) and Western (Ulot) Mongols.
1030:
This banner was popularly known as the "Chokhor Halh" and the ruler of this banner was the descendant of Gombo-Ilden, the fifth generation grandson to
Gersenz Jalair Khan. They fled from the Zasakto Khan Aimak of Outer Mongolia to Inner Mongolia in 1664. Its boundaries as given by the Mongol Pastures
1008:
on the way to
Qinghai. After Ligdan's death, Tsogtu Taiji began attacking dGe-lugs-pa monasteries. When Tsogtu sent 10,000 men under his son Arslang against the Dalai Lama in Lhasa, Arslang switched sides and supported the Dalai Lama. The dGe-lugs-pa hierarch, the Fifth Dalai Lama (1617–82), summoned
1046:
During the rise of
Genghis Khan in the 12th to 13th centuries, neither the Selenge valley in today's southern Buriatia or the Aga steppe had at this time any connection with the Buriats; these were the lands of the Merkid tribe and the Mongol tribe proper. Starting 1628 with the Russian Conquest and
1050:
Finally, the
Selenge Mongols, cut off by the new border from their Khalkha kinsmen and mixed with displaced Buriats and Khori, gradually accepted the Russian designation as Buriat. These groups are: Descendants of Okhin Taij (grandson of Khalkha's Tsogtu Khan); Khatagin; Atagan; Ashabagad; Sartuul;
617:
that independently exists besides the ethnic group's name. In a similar manner, the sub-ethnic groups within the
Khalkha Unit have been historically recorded in books, journals, and documents as "Jalair Khalkha", "Sartuul Khalkha", "Tanghut Khalkha" etc. Even the word order in the phrases Southern
1037:
This Banner formerly subordinated for administrative purposes to the East Wing Tumet (Monggoljin) Banner, is popularly known as
Tanggot Khalkha. This tiny territory, of not more than 19 by 24 kilometres (12 by 15 miles), is said to have a population of about 500 people. There are practically no
999:
with his subjects sometime after 1624. Ligdan Khan and Tsogtu Khong Taiji were supposed to meet in
Qinghai and eventually build a Mongol base that is independent of the Manchu rule which was geographically far from the Manchu emperor's reach. Moreover, it was clear to the two Mongol Khans that
790:. To commemorate and signify their origin, every new lunar year all southern Khalkhas perform special Khangai Mountain worshipping ceremonies and they face northwest and pray. This special ceremony is maintained by only southern khalkhas and no other southern Mongols have such rituals.
618:
Five Khalkha and Northern Thirteen Khalkha implies that the word Халх correlates to the units within the Southern and Northern tribal federations, but it does not stand for the group as a whole. Lastly, Mongolians have always linked the term Халх to the name of the
613:("Halh, Khalkha") has always puzzled linguists and historians. One possible interpretation is that it shares the same root as the words xалхавч "shield" and халхлах "to protect; to cover; to shield; to hide; to intercept", although there is no noun or verb
1023:
This banner was popularly known as the Darkhan Beili Banner and the ruler of this banner was the descendant of Gersenz Jalair Khan's grandson Bunidari. In 1653 they migrated into Inner Mongolia from the Tusheet Khan Aimak of Outer Mongolia.
1004:'s influence in Mongol affairs was increasing. So the two decided to end the influence of Dalai Lama and the "Yellow Hat" order by supporting the "Red Hat" order. However, majority of Ligdan Khan's subjects and soldiers died because of
1013:" or the "ДЭЭД МОНГОЛ", and they still reside in Qinghai forming 21 banners. The remnants of Tsogtu Khong Taiji's Halhs form only one banner and are known as the "Lower Mongols" or "ДООД МОНГОЛ". Tsogtu Khong Taiji is known as Tsogtu
809:
on the Khalkha. The former became the founder of the Five Halh of Southern Mongolia and the latter became the founder of the Seven Halh of the Northern Mongolia. They were called Inner Khalkha and Outer Khalkha respectively, by the
825:", which indicates that the core part of the Khalkha were descendants of the Jalayir tribe. By extension, some scholars consider that the Halh had a close connection with the Five Ulus of the Left Wing of the former
973:. There are also several groups among the Buriats in Russia, however, they no longer retain the Khalkha self-identity, culture, and language. The Halh Mongols in Qinghai, China and the ones among the
1009:
the Oirat Güshi Khan Toro-Baiku, whose 10,000 men in early 1637 crushed Tsogtu’s 30,000 at Ulaan-Khoshuu; Tsogtu Taiji was killed. Today the Oirats of Gushi Khan is also known as the "
4438:
343:
who had formed the ruling class of the Khalkha Mongols prior to the 20th century, but they were and still also regarded as Khalkha Mongols rather than belonging to a special unit.
4247:
4337:
4342:
1354:
1110:
965:
The overwhelming majority of Khalkha Mongols now reside in the modern state of Mongolia. However, there are four small banners in China: two in Inner Mongolia; one in
677:("The Beads of Jewel") it clearly stated how the Khalkha Tumen was created and where these people resided at the time of its creation. The statement goes as follows:
4486:
2525:
346:
The Thirteen Khalkhas of the Far North are the major subethnic group of the independent state of Mongolia. They number 2,659,985 (83.8% of Mongolia's population).
4377:
3071:
4405:
4585:
3851:
360:
766:"Dwelling in the Hangai Mountains" (Central Mongolian Mountain range called Hangai Mountain Range, near which Harakorum, the ancient capital, was built)
872:. They clashed with but were eventually conquered by the rising Manchus. The Five Khalkha except for the Jarud and the Baarin were organized into the
4608:
4192:
3304:
3143:
592:
292:
and the O'zeed (Ujeed) became Dayan Khan's fifth son Achibolod's subjects, thus formed the Southern Five Halhs. Seven northern Khalkha otogs: 1)
4420:
4357:
1198:
1152:
848:
1347:
4087:
2518:
2482:
4634:
4521:
3064:
880:
4400:
4292:
3266:
1066:) is a representative of this ethnic group. His father belonged to the Yungshiebu tribe and his mother was a direct descendant of
945:
in the 20th century. After enduring countless hardships, they established the independent state of Mongolia in northern Mongolia.
4598:
4458:
4267:
4117:
4092:
2492:
2754:
4478:
3844:
1340:
942:
4531:
4468:
4443:
4329:
4082:
2511:
1376:
1363:
1106:
883:
786:
It is also believed that the Southern Khalkha who now reside in Inner Mongolia were moved south from its original territory
4516:
4453:
4382:
4300:
4232:
4207:
4104:
3868:
3096:
3057:
2769:
876:. Khalkha Left Banner of Juu Uda League and Khalkha Right Banner of Ulaanchab League were offshoots of the Seven Khalkha.
1092:
4539:
4262:
4052:
2749:
2395:
4430:
4227:
4177:
3814:
3148:
2551:
4603:
4593:
4501:
4496:
3837:
4372:
4257:
4147:
3175:
3018:
4277:
1776:
864:
The Five Halh consisted of five tribes called Jarud, Baarin, Onggirat, Bayaud and Öjiyed. They lived around the
4112:
2702:
2457:
4222:
2779:
2759:
4310:
3136:
3023:
2320:
1675:
120:
4569:
4463:
4315:
4212:
4157:
3163:
2308:
2036:
1746:
1454:
1384:
2784:
2048:
4410:
4272:
4217:
3962:
3818:
3116:
3111:
1425:
857:
419:
60:
3822:
Mongolized ethnic groups.Ethnic groups of Mongolian origin or with a large Mongolian ethnic component.
4506:
4392:
4362:
4325:
4242:
3185:
2860:
2855:
2774:
2487:
2462:
1760:
1254:
982:
651:
547:
112:
4152:
3566:
3433:
3088:
2429:
116:
4511:
4305:
4237:
4202:
4167:
3170:
3131:
3121:
3013:
2706:
2682:
2584:
2358:
2328:
2244:
1822:
1754:
1208:
1162:
1059:
865:
802:
474:
325:
225:
214:
1300:ダヤン・ハーンの六万戸の起源, Enoki Hakushi Kanreki Kinen Tōyōshi Ronsō 榎博士還暦記念東洋史論叢, pp. 127–137, 1975.
806:
4367:
4162:
3944:
3473:
3101:
2865:
2845:
2819:
2390:
2351:
2333:
1558:
1393:
1194:
1148:
927:
787:
669:
out of Mongols residing in the territory of present-day central Mongolia and northern part of
558:
536:
494:
99:
38:
4639:
4629:
4551:
4448:
4352:
4347:
4252:
4182:
4028:
4018:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3751:
3536:
3531:
3503:
3218:
3106:
3080:
2621:
2408:
2385:
2338:
2255:
2166:
1933:
1923:
1867:
1856:
1541:
1505:
1413:
834:
735:
463:
262:
166:
838:
4047:
3974:
3782:
3588:
2966:
2850:
2445:
2419:
2380:
2295:
2262:
2249:
2000:
1571:
1510:
1408:
1221:
1175:
1055:
935:
869:
655:
503:
386:
375:
4545:
3614:
3224:
2911:
2744:
2642:
931:
895:
272:
The two original major Khalkha groups were ruled by the direct male line descendants of
4562:
4282:
4187:
4057:
3903:
3891:
3767:
3619:
3526:
3357:
3180:
3153:
2467:
2450:
2276:
2234:
2221:
2115:
2080:
2075:
2018:
1958:
1903:
1721:
1715:
1705:
1616:
1595:
1444:
1439:
907:
670:
514:
485:
452:
258:
4623:
4197:
4140:
4077:
4008:
3979:
3762:
3756:
3696:
3673:
3609:
3551:
3322:
3312:
3281:
3271:
3203:
3195:
3158:
3126:
2906:
2630:
2613:
2534:
2203:
2189:
2155:
2127:
2109:
2063:
2057:
1995:
1983:
1873:
1646:
1639:
1633:
1610:
1493:
1474:
1463:
1191:Монгольские этнонимы: вопросы происхождения и этнического состава монгольских народов
1145:Монгольские этнонимы: вопросы происхождения и этнического состава монгольских народов
1010:
919:
911:
873:
408:
313:
242:
124:
646:
4130:
4062:
4042:
3730:
3724:
3663:
3561:
3342:
2829:
2690:
2674:
2424:
2400:
2364:
2343:
2269:
2239:
2229:
2196:
2181:
2121:
2095:
2010:
1831:
1796:
1784:
1684:
1660:
1653:
1604:
1584:
1566:
1528:
1250:"This photo was taken from a movie scene depicting the Mongolian queen's execution"
1067:
1014:
915:
826:
818:
798:
666:
630:
619:
441:
397:
340:
31:
3418:
853:
1131:
4125:
4013:
3957:
3952:
3920:
3915:
3735:
3658:
3413:
3261:
2870:
2814:
2804:
2789:
2210:
2149:
2137:
2132:
2102:
1973:
1838:
1790:
1710:
1700:
1695:
1577:
1516:
1499:
1487:
1480:
1469:
1419:
988:
903:
899:
1249:
948:
4575:
4172:
4135:
3969:
3787:
3740:
3231:
2931:
2840:
2824:
2764:
2576:
2412:
2143:
2088:
2069:
2024:
1943:
1928:
1845:
1811:
1804:
1728:
1433:
1402:
1001:
992:
794:
662:
273:
639:
4491:
4072:
3935:
3881:
3860:
3488:
3443:
3377:
2922:
2875:
2799:
2656:
2652:
2605:
2503:
1735:
1547:
1535:
580:
333:
321:
281:
879:
349:
The Khalkha or Halh dialect is the standard written language of Mongolia.
54:
4415:
3910:
3701:
3678:
3428:
3402:
3372:
3367:
3347:
3337:
2809:
2794:
1938:
1878:
1851:
1332:
1293:ハルハ・トゥメンとその成立について, Tōyō Gakuhō 東洋学報 Vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 32–63, 1972.
1005:
906:. They preserved their independence until they had to seek help from the
842:
830:
635:
309:
297:
250:
234:
146:
83:
1042:
Loss of Khalkha territory to Imperial Russia and the Buriatized Khalkhas
4556:
4067:
4023:
3986:
3745:
3688:
3668:
3653:
3640:
3634:
3629:
3603:
3546:
3521:
3516:
3493:
3478:
3468:
3460:
3392:
3382:
3362:
3352:
3317:
3287:
3276:
3251:
3241:
3208:
2735:
2698:
2634:
2601:
2571:
2288:
1990:
1978:
1968:
1948:
1908:
1898:
1893:
1888:
996:
974:
970:
966:
953:
822:
366:
317:
301:
293:
238:
230:
142:
138:
17:
1275:
C.P.Atwood-Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, Tsogtu Taij
3925:
3792:
3772:
3646:
3598:
3593:
3580:
3541:
3397:
3387:
3332:
3327:
3246:
3213:
2686:
2678:
2670:
2660:
2282:
2175:
1953:
1913:
1883:
1861:
1766:
1031:
run 125 by 230 "li", or about 66 by 122 kilometres (41 by 76 miles).
923:
891:
811:
525:
430:
305:
289:
285:
277:
254:
150:
3049:
3898:
3886:
3876:
3798:
3707:
3624:
3556:
3438:
3423:
3407:
3256:
3236:
2901:
2694:
2638:
2617:
2302:
2030:
2005:
1963:
1690:
1522:
947:
878:
847:
645:
629:
266:
246:
1303:
Atwood, Christopher. "Khalkha.", "Tsogtu Taiji.", and "Buriats."
3511:
3294:
886:
of Khalkha, a leader of the National Liberation Movement of 1911
852:"The Country of the Khalkha" (Pays des Kalkas) on a 1734 map by
779:"A blade towards those who come, a guard towards those who look"
3833:
3053:
2507:
1336:
977:
in Russia were subjects to Khalkha's Tsogtu Khan and his sons.
324:
became Dayan Khan's youngest (could be third) son Geresenje's (
952:
Image of a Mongolian nobility lady (incorrectly identified as
890:
The Seven Khalkha were involved in regular fights against the
196:
3829:
205:
184:
1093:"2020 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS OF MONGOLIA /summary/"
894:
in the west. Geresenje's descendants formed the houses of
336:
are close in culture and language to the Khalkha Mongols.
175:
1328:Буриадын Нүүдэл-Хэл Аялгууны Учир, pp. 67–70, 2005.
829:, which was led by the five powerful tribes of Jalayir,
773:
means "shield" or "protection") against alien enemies"
801:
of the Left Wing. Dayan Khan installed the fifth son
308:, Keregut; 4) Khuree, Khoroo, Tsookhor; 5) Khukhuid,
202:
193:
181:
172:
199:
178:
4584:
4530:
4477:
4429:
4391:
4324:
4291:
4103:
3943:
3867:
3717:
3687:
3579:
3502:
3459:
3452:
3303:
3194:
3087:
2438:
2373:
2319:
2220:
2165:
2047:
1821:
1775:
1745:
1674:
1626:
1594:
1557:
1453:
1392:
1383:
995:'s "Yellow Hat" order, Tsogtu Khong Taiji moved to
237:since the 15th century. The Khalkha, together with
190:
169:
131:
105:
93:
73:
68:
1321:. New York: Praeger Publishers, Inc., 2nd ed. 1972
59:Territory of the Khalkha Mongols during the early
4343:Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia
1107:"2020 Population and housing census of Mongolia"
4487:Association of East Asian Research Universities
1314:. Rahway: Quinn & Boden Company, Inc., 1934
339:There were also numerous direct descendants of
37:"Khalkha" redirects here. For the dialect, see
1305:Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire
1236:Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire
4439:China–Japan–Korea Friendship Athletic Meeting
3845:
3065:
2519:
1348:
797:, the Khalkha were organized as one of three
752:ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ
597:The Khalkhas and contemporary Asian polities
8:
930:gave Tsering independence from the house of
47:
1109:. National Statistical Office of Mongolia.
1054:Mongolian academician, writer, and scholar
707:Khalkha tumen chinu Ter bukhii beer ajaamuu
3852:
3838:
3830:
3499:
3456:
3072:
3058:
3050:
2897:
2892:
2728:
2723:
2566:
2561:
2544:
2526:
2512:
2504:
1389:
1355:
1341:
1333:
817:Mongolian chronicles called Geresenje as "
755:ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠪᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠶᠠᠮᠤ
673:. In Mongolian historical sources such as
53:
46:
4338:China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit
3001:Soloi Maqasamadi Sechen Khan (1577–1652)
658:in the heartland of the Khalkha territory
253:khans until the 20th century; unlike the
229:) have been the largest subgroup of the
1291:Haruha Tumen to Sono Seiritsu ni Tsuite
1084:
654:was established in the 16th century by
4358:East Asian Bureau of Economic Research
1217:
1206:
1171:
1160:
1147:. Элиста: КИГИ РАН. pp. 188–192.
1017:among the Khalkha Mongols in Qinghai.
782:"Your Khalkha Tumen is indeed for you"
730:Халх түмэн чинь тэр бүхий бээр ажаамуу
749:ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ
702:Irehiin uzuur, Harahiin haruul bolson
224:
7:
1326:Buriadyn Noudel Hel Ayalgouny Ouchir
746:ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ
727:Ирэхийн үзүүр, харахын харуул болсон
69:Regions with significant populations
2483:Unrecognized ethnic groups in China
1113:from the original on 17 August 2021
642:, 1672-1750). 18th century painting
776:"A support for your precious life"
25:
2940:Boshugtu Khung Taiji (1608–1636)
1193:. Элиста: КИГИ РАН. p. 222.
692:Hari daisind chinu Khalkha bolson
27:Largest subgroup of Mongol people
4522:Ludwigshafen East Asia Institute
3934:
2938:Namudai Sechen Khan (1586–1607)
2936:Sengge Düüreng Khan (1583–1585)
2488:Immigrant ethnic groups in China
697:Haluun amind chinu Tushee bolson
359:
165:
76:
2975:Chakhun Dorji Khan (1654–1698)
2971:Eriyekhei Mergen Khan (1589–?)
2954:Buyan Baatur Taiji (1573–1576)
1298:Dayan Hān no Rokumanko no Kigen
1070:through Khalkha's Tsogtu Khan.
943:Mongolian independence movement
4469:EAFF E-1 Football Championship
4444:East Asian Football Federation
2987:Norbu Bisireltü Khan (d. 1661)
1248:Sood, Amy (18 February 2022).
1021:The Khalkha Right Wing Banner:
724:Халуун аминд чинь түшээ болсон
221:
1:
4517:Journal of East Asian Studies
4454:East Asian Judo Championships
4301:East Asia Climate Partnership
2952:Noyandara Jinong (1543–1572)
1028:The Khalkha East Wing Banner:
743:ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ
721:Харь дайсанд чинь халх болсон
598:
4540:Horses in East Asian warfare
4083:other ethnic groups in China
2958:Erinchen Jinong (1624–1636)
2956:Boshugtu Jinong (1577–1624)
956:, Queen consort of Mongolia)
2805:Tayisung Khan Toghtoa Bukha
1035:The Tanggot Khalkha Banner:
4656:
4594:Needham Research Institute
4502:East Asia Image Collection
4497:East Asian Economic Review
3932:
2973:Gombodorji Khan (d. 1655)
2745:Ukhaantu Khan Toghun-Temur
687:Hangai Khand nutuglan suuj
36:
29:
4635:Ethnic groups in Mongolia
4373:Human rights in East Asia
4258:Sino-Xenic pronunciations
3811:
3019:Badma Erdeni Khong Tayiji
3003:Baba Sechen Khan (1653–?)
2895:
2750:Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara
2726:
2564:
2542:
2478:
1370:
1063:
769:"A shield (in Mongolian,
718:Хангай ханд нутаглан сууж
329:
249:, were directly ruled by
218:
136:
110:
98:
52:
2950:Mergen Jinong (d. 1542)
2458:Local ethnic nationalism
1377:recognized ethnic groups
1312:The Mongols of Manchuria
884:Tögs-Ochiryn Namnansüren
4459:East Asian martial arts
4406:Archaeological cultures
3024:Erinchin Lobsang Tayiji
2787:Bunyashiri (1403–1412)
2770:Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan
2755:Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür
985:'s Khalkhas (1 banner):
934:, forming the house of
121:Eastern Orthodox Church
4586:Science and technology
4570:The Book of Five Rings
4464:East Asian Youth Games
2948:Barsu-Bolod (d. 1521)
2856:Darayisung Gödeng Khan
2548:Political organization
2493:Historic ethnic groups
1364:Ethnic groups in China
1289:Morikawa Tetsuo 森川哲雄:
991:, and opponent of the
957:
887:
861:
659:
643:
3869:Countries and regions
3005:Sechen Khan (d. 1686)
2989:Chambun Khan (1670?–)
2822:(Ükegtü) (1454–1465)
2760:Jorightu Khan Yesüder
1324:Shirnen.B Б. Ширнэн:
1296:Okada Hidehiro 岡田英弘:
951:
926:in 1688. In 1725 the
882:
851:
805:and the eleventh son
649:
633:
496:TSARDOM OF RUSSIA
132:Related ethnic groups
4609:Traditional medicine
4507:East Asia Law Review
4363:East Asian Community
4053:Indigenous Taiwanese
2782:Gulichi (1402–1408)
2610:Three Western Tumens
2594:Three Eastern Tumens
1319:China's Changing Map
983:Choghtu Khong Tayiji
941:The Khalkha led the
860:' fieldwork ca. 1700
761:English translation:
665:created the Khalkha
652:Erdene Zuu Monastery
593:class=notpageimage|
265:, who were ruled by
257:, who were ruled by
119:(4.0%) and minority
4034:Khalkha in Mongolia
2861:Tümen Jasaghtu Khan
987:Poet, supporter of
868:valley east of the
117:Mongolian Shamanism
49:
4512:East Asian studies
4208:Hip-and-gable roof
4203:Chinese characters
3815:Donghu and Xianbei
3171:Mongolian nobility
3122:Slab Grave culture
3014:Ubasi Khong Tayiji
1317:Shabad, Theodore.
1216:Unknown parameter
1170:Unknown parameter
958:
888:
862:
660:
644:
330:Гэрсэне Жалайр Хан
4617:
4616:
4368:Four Asian Tigers
3827:
3826:
3807:
3806:
3575:
3574:
3102:Mongolian Plateau
3047:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3032:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2866:Buyan Sechen Khan
2846:Bars Bolud Jinong
2720:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2556:Independent khans
2501:
2500:
1670:
1669:
1310:Lattimore, Owen.
1200:978-5-903833-93-1
1154:978-5-903833-93-1
928:Yongzheng Emperor
788:Khangai Mountains
157:
156:
39:Khalkha Mongolian
30:For a river, see
16:(Redirected from
4647:
4552:Miyamoto Musashi
4449:East Asian Games
4421:Former countries
4353:East Asia Summit
4183:Chinese knotting
3938:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3831:
3504:Southern Mongols
3500:
3457:
3107:Mongol heartland
3081:Mongolic peoples
3074:
3067:
3060:
3051:
2898:
2893:
2785:Öljei Temür Khan
2729:
2724:
2567:
2562:
2545:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2505:
2359:Tajiks (Pamiris)
1390:
1357:
1350:
1343:
1334:
1276:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1245:
1239:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1204:
1189:Очир А. (2016).
1186:
1180:
1179:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1158:
1143:Очир А. (2016).
1140:
1134:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1089:
1065:
961:Khalkha diaspora
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
736:Mongolian script
681:Transliteration:
603:
600:
587:
585:
576:
574:
565:
563:
554:
552:
543:
541:
532:
530:
521:
519:
510:
508:
499:
497:
490:
488:
481:
479:
470:
468:
459:
457:
448:
446:
437:
435:
426:
424:
415:
413:
404:
402:
393:
391:
382:
380:
371:
369:
363:
331:
269:'s descendants.
228:
226:[ˈχa̠ɬχ]
223:
220:
212:
211:
208:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
187:
186:
183:
180:
177:
174:
171:
86:
82:
80:
79:
57:
50:
21:
4655:
4654:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4644:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4613:
4580:
4526:
4473:
4425:
4387:
4383:Stock exchanges
4320:
4287:
4099:
3939:
3930:
3863:
3858:
3828:
3823:
3821:
3803:
3783:Sichuan Mongols
3713:
3683:
3589:Altai Uriankhai
3571:
3498:
3448:
3305:Medieval tribes
3299:
3190:
3176:Writing systems
3144:Medieval tribes
3083:
3078:
3048:
3043:
3034:
3029:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2996:
2994:
2993:Shara (d. 1687)
2992:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2967:Abtai Sain Khan
2961:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2885:
2880:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2851:Bodi Alagh Khan
2849:
2844:
2835:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2780:Örüg Temür Khan
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2716:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2538:
2532:
2502:
2497:
2474:
2446:Han nationalism
2434:
2381:African Chinese
2369:
2315:
2216:
2161:
2043:
2001:Sichuan Mongols
1817:
1771:
1741:
1666:
1622:
1590:
1553:
1449:
1379:
1366:
1361:
1331:
1285:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1260:
1258:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1233:
1229:
1215:
1205:
1201:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1169:
1159:
1155:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1126:
1116:
1114:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1056:Byambyn Renchin
1044:
963:
936:Sain Noyon Khan
870:Greater Khingan
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
656:Abtai Sain Khan
638:ruler Tsereng (
628:
607:
606:
605:
604:
601:
595:
589:
588:
581:
579:
577:
570:
568:
566:
561:
559:
557:
555:
550:
548:
546:
544:
539:
537:
535:
533:
528:
526:
524:
522:
517:
515:
513:
511:
506:
504:
502:
500:
495:
493:
491:
486:
484:
482:
477:
475:
473:
471:
466:
464:
462:
460:
455:
453:
451:
449:
444:
442:
440:
438:
433:
431:
429:
427:
422:
420:
418:
416:
411:
409:
407:
405:
400:
398:
396:
394:
389:
387:
385:
383:
378:
376:
374:
372:
367:
365:
355:
189:
168:
164:
77:
75:
74:
64:
45:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4653:
4651:
4643:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4622:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4590:
4588:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4573:
4566:
4563:The Art of War
4559:
4554:
4549:
4542:
4536:
4534:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4483:
4481:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4435:
4433:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4397:
4395:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4334:
4332:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4297:
4295:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4283:Chinese zodiac
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4188:Chinese dragon
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4148:Blepharoplasty
4145:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4120:
4115:
4109:
4107:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3972:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3955:
3949:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3873:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3834:
3825:
3824:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3754:
3749:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3705:
3699:
3693:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3638:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3585:
3583:
3577:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3527:Eastern Dorbet
3524:
3519:
3514:
3508:
3506:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3465:
3463:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3309:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3200:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3181:Soyombo symbol
3178:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3154:Nomadic empire
3151:
3146:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3137:Proto-Mongolic
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3093:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3054:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3011:
3009:
2999:
2997:
2985:Subandai Khan
2981:
2979:
2964:
2962:
2946:
2944:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2896:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2838:
2836:
2820:Markörgis Khan
2775:Gün Temür Khan
2742:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2668:
2666:
2650:
2648:
2628:
2626:
2622:Yunshebu Tümen
2591:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2581:Notable cities
2579:
2574:
2565:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2508:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2468:Zhonghua minzu
2460:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2226:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2171:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2152:
2147:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2118:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2066:
2061:
2053:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2027:
2022:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1827:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1787:
1781:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1680:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1613:
1608:
1600:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1569:
1563:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1544:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1520:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1496:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1459:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1398:
1396:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1337:
1330:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1268:
1240:
1227:
1199:
1181:
1153:
1135:
1124:
1098:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1043:
1040:
962:
959:
908:Kangxi Emperor
784:
783:
780:
777:
774:
767:
763:
762:
758:
757:
739:
738:
732:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
715:
714:
710:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
683:
682:
671:Inner Mongolia
627:
624:
596:
591:
590:
578:
567:
556:
545:
534:
523:
512:
501:
492:
487:KAZAKH KHANATE
483:
472:
461:
450:
439:
428:
417:
406:
395:
384:
373:
364:
358:
357:
356:
354:
351:
261:nobles or the
155:
154:
134:
133:
129:
128:
111:Predominantly
108:
107:
103:
102:
100:Halh Mongolian
96:
95:
91:
90:
87:
71:
70:
66:
65:
58:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4652:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4583:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4476:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4390:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4118:Architecture
4116:
4114:
4113:Age reckoning
4111:
4110:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3985:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3945:Ethnic groups
3942:
3937:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3855:
3850:
3848:
3843:
3841:
3836:
3835:
3832:
3820:
3816:
3810:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3777:Yunnan Mongol
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3709:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3674:Upper Mongols
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3453:Ethnic groups
3451:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3313:Khamag Mongol
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3296:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3196:Proto-Mongols
3193:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3159:Mongol Empire
3157:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3127:Ordos culture
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3075:
3070:
3068:
3063:
3061:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3028:
3025:
3020:
3016:(c.1609–1623)
3015:
3010:
3007:
2998:
2995:
2983:Laikhur Khan
2980:
2977:
2968:
2963:
2960:
2945:
2942:
2933:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2891:
2879:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2795:Oyiradai Khan
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2722:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2553:
2552:List of Khans
2550:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2535:Northern Yuan
2529:
2524:
2522:
2517:
2515:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2321:Indo-European
2318:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1984:Upper Mongols
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1676:Austroasiatic
1673:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1346:
1344:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1272:
1269:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1234:C. P. Atwood
1231:
1228:
1223:
1218:|agency=
1210:
1202:
1196:
1192:
1185:
1182:
1177:
1172:|agency=
1164:
1156:
1150:
1146:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1128:
1125:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1064:Бямбын Ренчин
1061:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1011:Upper Mongols
1007:
1003:
998:
994:
990:
986:
984:
978:
976:
972:
969:; and one in
968:
960:
955:
950:
946:
944:
939:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
885:
881:
877:
875:
874:Eight Banners
871:
867:
859:
855:
850:
846:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
815:
813:
808:
804:
800:
796:
791:
789:
781:
778:
775:
772:
768:
765:
764:
760:
759:
741:
740:
737:
734:
733:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
716:
712:
711:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
684:
680:
679:
678:
676:
675:Erdeniin Erih
672:
668:
664:
657:
653:
648:
641:
637:
632:
625:
623:
621:
616:
612:
594:
586:
584:
575:
573:
564:
553:
542:
531:
520:
509:
498:
489:
480:
469:
458:
447:
436:
425:
414:
403:
392:
381:
370:
362:
352:
350:
347:
344:
342:
337:
335:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
227:
216:
210:
162:
152:
148:
144:
140:
135:
130:
126:
125:Protestantism
122:
118:
114:
109:
104:
101:
97:
92:
88:
85:
72:
67:
62:
61:Northern Yuan
56:
51:
40:
33:
19:
4568:
4561:
4546:Bansenshūkai
4544:
4311:Rainy season
4088:unrecognized
4033:
3819:Turco-Mongol
3776:
3483:
3164:Turco-Mongol
3149:Modern clans
3012:
3000:
2982:
2969:(1567–1588)
2965:
2947:
2934:(1521–1582)
2930:
2878:(1634–1635)
2873:(1604–1634)
2868:(1592–1604)
2863:(1557–1592)
2858:(1547–1557)
2853:(1516–1547)
2843:(1480–1516)
2839:
2832:(1475–1479)
2830:Manduul Khan
2827:(1465–1466)
2817:(1453–1454)
2807:(1433–1452)
2802:(1425–1438)
2797:(1415–1425)
2792:(1411–1415)
2777:(1399–1402)
2772:(1394–1399)
2767:(1391–1394)
2762:(1388–1391)
2757:(1378–1388)
2752:(1370–1378)
2747:(1368–1370)
2743:
2691:Khong Tayiji
2669:
2651:
2643:Dörbet Oirat
2629:
2609:
2597:
2593:
2592:
2407:
2401:Kaifeng Jews
2357:
2350:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2174:
2154:
2142:
2120:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2068:
2056:
2029:
2017:
1918:
1866:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1810:
1803:
1789:
1759:
1747:Austronesian
1734:
1727:
1720:
1683:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1615:
1603:
1583:
1576:
1546:
1534:
1527:
1515:
1498:
1486:
1479:
1462:
1455:Lolo-Burmese
1432:
1418:
1401:
1385:Sino-Tibetan
1372:
1325:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1271:
1259:. Retrieved
1253:
1243:
1235:
1230:
1190:
1184:
1144:
1138:
1127:
1115:. Retrieved
1101:
1087:
1068:Genghis Khan
1053:
1049:
1045:
1034:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1019:
980:
979:
964:
940:
932:Tüsheet Khan
918:against the
916:Qing dynasty
896:Tüsheet Khan
889:
863:
827:Yuan dynasty
819:Khong Tayiji
816:
792:
785:
770:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
674:
661:
620:Khalkhyn Gol
614:
610:
608:
582:
571:
569:
348:
345:
341:Genghis Khan
338:
332:) subjects.
300:; 2) Besut,
271:
160:
158:
44:Ethnic group
32:Khalkhin Gol
4401:Archaeology
4293:Environment
4158:Calligraphy
4002:in Sakhalin
3958:Han Chinese
3921:South Korea
3916:North Korea
3664:Sart Kalmyk
3414:Qara Khitai
3026:(1652–1667)
3021:(1623–1652)
2871:Ligdan Khan
2815:Esen Taishi
2790:Delbeg Khan
2537:(1368–1635)
2245:Fuyu Kyrgyz
1261:22 February
1117:22 November
989:Ligdan Khan
904:Setsen Khan
900:Zasagt Khan
866:Shira Mören
856:, based on
803:Alchu Bolad
602: 1700
4624:Categories
4576:Yi Sun-sin
4411:Bronze Age
4348:Capitalism
4273:Typography
4268:Television
4238:Philosophy
4223:Mādhyamaka
4218:Literature
4173:Sinosphere
4093:historical
3813:See also:
3788:Sogwo Arig
2932:Altan Khan
2841:Dayan Khan
2825:Molon Khan
2765:Engke Khan
2703:Councellor
2577:Four Oirat
2570:Six Tumen
2451:chauvinism
2430:Pakistanis
2413:Chaoxianzu
2025:Sogwo Arig
1944:Muumyangan
1929:Khishigten
1777:Hmong-Mien
1729:Vietnamese
1373:Underlined
1074:References
1002:Dalai Lama
993:Dalai Lama
795:Dayan Khan
663:Dayan Khan
334:Khotogoids
274:Dayan Khan
233:in modern
4492:CrossAsia
4479:Education
4233:Mythology
4213:Languages
4193:Festivals
4141:Taiwanese
4048:Ryukyuans
3963:subgroups
3882:Hong Kong
3861:East Asia
3741:Dongxiang
3489:Khotogoid
3474:Dariganga
3444:Uriankhai
3419:Qara'unas
3378:Khongirad
3132:Languages
2923:Khotogoid
2876:Ejei Khan
2848:(deputy)
2800:Adai Khan
2657:Karakorum
2653:Yingchang
2606:Uriankhai
2329:Armenians
2250:Ili Turks
1846:Dongxiang
1542:Qixingmin
1426:subgroups
1414:Chuanqing
1375:: the 56
1238:, Khalkha
1220:ignored (
1209:cite book
1174:ignored (
1163:cite book
1079:Citations
1060:Mongolian
854:d'Anville
807:Geresenje
713:Cyrillic:
609:The term
583:Altishahr
353:Etymology
326:Mongolian
322:Uriankhai
282:Khongirad
263:Khorchins
215:Mongolian
115:(92.7%),
94:Languages
89:2,659,985
4599:Printing
4532:Military
4416:Iron Age
4330:Politics
4278:Yogācāra
4263:Surnames
4243:Religion
4153:Buddhism
4131:Japanese
4058:Tibetans
4029:in China
4019:Mongolic
3997:in Japan
3992:in China
3975:Japanese
3911:Mongolia
3892:Mainland
3702:Hamnigan
3679:Zakhchin
3567:Üzemchin
3537:Khorchin
3532:Kharchin
3429:Taichiud
3403:Olkhonud
3338:Borjigin
3186:Religion
3097:Timeline
2991:Zenggün
2810:Agbarjin
2420:Macanese
2391:Japanese
2352:Russians
2334:Iranians
2230:Altaians
2167:Tungusic
1939:Khuuchid
1934:Khorchin
1924:Kharchin
1879:Abaganar
1852:Hamnigan
1823:Mongolic
1755:Filipino
1572:Gyalrong
1111:Archived
1006:smallpox
1000:Tibetan
843:Mangghud
831:Onggirat
636:Borjigin
634:Khalkha
572:Khalkhas
310:Khatagin
298:Olkhonud
251:Borjigin
235:Mongolia
147:Khotgoid
141:groups (
113:Buddhism
106:Religion
84:Mongolia
4640:Khalkha
4630:Mongols
4557:Sun Tzu
4393:History
4326:Economy
4306:Monsoon
4248:Scripts
4198:Gardens
4168:Cuisine
4126:Chinese
4105:Culture
4068:Uyghurs
4024:Mongols
3987:Koreans
3768:Monguor
3752:Kangjia
3689:Buryats
3669:Torghut
3654:Myangad
3630:Khoshut
3620:Dzungar
3604:Chantuu
3494:Sartuul
3484:Khalkha
3479:Eljigin
3469:Darkhad
3461:Mongols
3383:Manghud
3368:Katagan
3353:Eljigin
3348:Dughlat
3277:Didouyu
3252:Tuyuhun
3242:Kumo Xi
3225:Yujiulü
3209:Xianbei
3089:History
2916:Jasagtu
2912:Tüsheet
2812:(1453)
2732:Unified
2699:Tarkhan
2635:Torghut
2598:Khalkha
2572:Mongols
2439:Related
2409:Koreans
2386:Indians
2339:Nepalis
2309:Western
2289:Uyghurs
2190:Manchus
2081:Tai Nua
2076:Tai Lue
2049:Kra–Dai
2037:Eastern
2019:Monguor
1991:Onnigud
1979:Torghut
1969:Khoshut
1959:Dzungar
1949:Naimans
1919:Khalkha
1909:Jalaids
1899:Chahars
1894:Buryats
1889:Baarins
1868:Mongols
1857:Kangjia
1761:Gaoshan
1617:Tibetan
1596:Tibetic
1559:Qiangic
1506:Laomian
1445:Waxiang
1440:Longjia
1394:Sinitic
1307:. 2006.
1283:Sources
1132:Khalkha
997:Qinghai
975:Buryats
967:Qinghai
954:Genepil
922:leader
910:of the
858:Jesuits
823:Jalayir
821:of the
812:Manchus
771:khalkha
640:博爾濟吉特策凌
626:History
518:KHANATE
507:KHANATE
505:CRIMEAN
478:KHANATE
476:BUKHARA
467:KHANATE
454:OTTOMAN
443:SAFAVID
421:MADURAI
401:DYNASTY
390:KHANATE
388:KHOSHUT
379:KHANATE
377:DZUNGAR
318:Sartuul
314:Tanghut
302:Iljigin
294:Jalairs
259:Dzungar
239:Chahars
231:Mongols
161:Khalkha
143:Buryats
63:period.
48:Khalkha
18:Khalkha
4604:Swords
4431:Sports
4163:Cinema
4136:Korean
4078:Zhuang
4009:Manchu
3980:Yamato
3926:Taiwan
3904:Ryukyu
3773:Khatso
3763:Moghol
3757:Mughal
3746:Hazara
3647:Buzava
3645:incl.
3641:Kalmyk
3635:Khoton
3615:Dörbet
3610:Choros
3594:Baatud
3581:Oirats
3547:Naiman
3542:Jaruud
3522:Chahar
3517:Baarin
3393:Naiman
3388:Merkit
3373:Kerait
3363:Jalair
3358:Gorlos
3343:Chonos
3328:Barlas
3318:Baarin
3286:incl.
3282:Khitan
3272:Shiwei
3247:Murong
3223:incl.
3219:Rouran
3214:Wuhuan
3204:Donghu
3117:Rulers
3112:States
2919:Sechen
2736:Chahar
2687:Jinong
2683:Taishi
2679:Khatun
2671:Khagan
2661:Hohhot
2631:Choros
2602:Chahar
2585:Titles
2425:Nivkhs
2374:Others
2365:Wakhis
2296:Uzbeks
2283:Tuvans
2263:Kyrgyz
2256:Kazakh
2222:Turkic
2204:Oroqen
2176:Evenks
2156:Zhuang
2128:Qabiao
2110:Maonan
2064:Buyang
2058:Bouyei
1954:Oirats
1914:Jaruud
1904:Gorlos
1884:Aohans
1862:Khatso
1767:Utsuls
1722:Ta'ang
1647:Jingpo
1640:Derung
1627:Others
1611:Sherpa
1511:Laopin
1494:Kucong
1464:Achang
1409:Caijia
1197:
1151:
924:Galdan
920:Zungar
912:Manchu
892:Oyirad
835:Ikires
793:Under
516:KALMYK
456:EMPIRE
445:EMPIRE
423:NAYAKS
412:EMPIRE
410:MUGHAL
306:Gorlos
290:Bayaud
286:Jaruud
278:Baarin
276:. The
255:Oirats
222:ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ
151:Oirats
139:Mongol
137:Other
127:(2.3%)
81:
4378:Ports
4316:Flora
4228:Music
4178:Dance
4063:Tujia
4043:Qiang
3899:Japan
3887:Macau
3877:China
3799:Yugur
3793:Tuvan
3731:Bonan
3725:Aimaq
3718:Other
3708:Soyot
3697:Barga
3625:Khoid
3599:Bayad
3557:Tumed
3552:Ordos
3439:Tumed
3434:Tatar
3424:Sunud
3408:Ongud
3398:Oirat
3333:Bayad
3323:Barga
3257:Tuoba
3237:Yuwen
2907:Ordos
2902:Tumed
2695:Noyan
2639:Khoid
2618:Tumed
2614:Ordos
2463:Minzu
2344:Daman
2303:Yugur
2277:Tatar
2270:Salar
2240:Dolan
2211:Sibes
2197:Nanai
2182:Solon
2122:Mulao
2096:Gelao
2031:Yugur
2006:Sunud
1996:Ordos
1964:Khoid
1874:Abaga
1832:Bonan
1797:Hmong
1785:Gejia
1716:Pakan
1696:Kunge
1691:Bolyu
1685:Blang
1661:Tujia
1654:Lhoba
1605:Monpa
1585:Qiang
1567:Baima
1529:Nakhi
1523:Mosuo
914:-led
839:Uruud
799:tümen
667:Tumen
540:THAYA
538:AYUT-
465:KHIVA
432:CHAM-
320:; 7)
312:; 6)
304:; 3)
267:Qasar
247:Tumed
243:Ordos
4328:and
4253:Seal
4122:Art
4014:Miao
3953:Ainu
3736:Daur
3659:Olot
3562:Urad
3512:Asud
3295:Zubu
3288:Yelü
3267:Tufa
3262:Qifu
3232:Duan
2707:Wang
2675:Khan
2396:Jews
2235:Äynu
2150:Yang
2138:Shan
2116:Nùng
2089:Dong
2011:Urad
1974:Olot
1839:Daur
1791:Miao
1711:Mang
1701:Khmu
1634:Deng
1578:Pumi
1517:Lisu
1500:Lahu
1488:Jino
1481:Hani
1475:Bisu
1470:Akha
1263:2022
1222:help
1195:ISBN
1176:help
1149:ISBN
1119:2021
1015:Khan
981:The
971:Rehe
902:and
841:and
650:The
615:xалх
611:Халх
551:VIET
529:SEON
399:QING
368:1710
245:and
219:Халх
159:The
3970:Hui
2144:Sui
2133:Rau
2070:Dai
1812:Yao
1805:She
1706:Lai
1434:Hui
1420:Han
1403:Bai
1255:AFP
560:LAN
549:DAI
527:JO-
4626::
4073:Yi
3817:·
3795:**
3759:**
3748:**
3727:**
2103:Li
1736:Wa
1548:Yi
1536:Nu
1252:.
1213::
1211:}}
1207:{{
1167::
1165:}}
1161:{{
1062::
938:.
898:,
845:.
837:,
833:,
814:.
622:.
599:c.
562:NA
434:PA
328::
316:,
296:,
288:,
284:,
280:,
241:,
217::
213:;
197:ɑː
153:)
149:,
145:,
123:,
3853:e
3846:t
3839:v
3779:)
3775:(
3710:*
3704:*
3637:*
3606:*
3410:*
3073:e
3066:t
3059:v
2527:e
2520:t
2513:v
2415:)
2411:(
1356:e
1349:t
1342:v
1265:.
1224:)
1203:.
1178:)
1157:.
1121:.
1095:.
1058:(
209:/
206:ə
203:k
200:l
194:k
191:ˈ
188:,
185:ə
182:k
179:l
176:æ
173:k
170:ˈ
167:/
163:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
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