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977:"...During which time they also drive their Cattel towards the Mountain of Elbours, where they find not only a more temperate air, but also as good Meadow-ground as any in all Persia. That Mountain is part of Mount Caucasus, and it is of such height, that though it be at a very great distance from thence, in as much as it lies on one side of Tabristan, towards Georgia, yet may it be discovered from Kale Kuhestan, and the other neighbouring Mountains of Scamachie. It was upon this Mountain of Elbours, as it is reported, that the Persians kept and antiently Worshiped their perpetual Fire: but now there is not the least track to be seen of it, neither there, nor near Jesche, though Texeira, and those who follow him, would have us believe the contrary. True indeed it is, that there are, to this day, in the Indies, certain Religious men, who have a Veneration for the Fire, and keep it in with the same care that the Persians did here to fore..."
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1001:. In 1988 a young hunter, called Babaali Babaaliyev, and still alive today, was hiding in one of the caves near Khynalyg: he was hunting the wild goats, which wandered into the caves to lick the rock salt. Whilst he was taking a nap, the hunter was awakened by someone who blocked the cave entrance with his body. Babaali said that a large and hairy human-like being had stared at him in absolute silence. Terrified, he did not dare to move. His hands became numb, and he could not even make the single step necessary to reach his nearby rifle. Still looking at him, the being decided to leave. Since this occurrence, Babaali has long been in shock, has never recovered and has always avoided the place where the appalling encounter took place.
824:. The name 'Khinalug' started to be used in the 1950s and 1960s. It derives either from the colour of the henna of the surrounding rocks or the name of a Hun tribe. The hair-style, which in the past was popular amongst Hun and Turkic warriors, remains fashionable. One can never see the same in any other place in Azerbaijan. Similar styles are today only retained in Siberia and Mongolia, although they may also be seen in history films. These films show young boys with heads fully shaven except for a long braided single tress that hangs from the top. Young boys used to live with this tress until their adolescence, when they were obliged to cut it off when they were drafted into the Army.
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transhumance route called Köç Yolu ("Migration Route"). The village of
Khinalig is home to the semi-nomadic Khinalig people, whose culture and lifestyle are defined by the seasonal migration between summer and winter pastures, and who retain the ancient way of long-distance vertical transhumance. The organically evolved network including ancient routes, temporary pastures and camping sites, mausoleums, and mosques illustrates a sustainable eco-social system adapted to extreme environmental conditions
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attitude to domestic animals, weddings and funerals, as well as to celestial bodies. The rites and traditions that have become an integral part of life are linked closely to natural phenomenon. The villagers are mainly involved with sheep breeding. A different weaving technique is well known here. Shawls woven with wool in
Khinaliq are famous throughout the entire region of Guba. Neighboring villagers used to buy this raw material to make outer clothes. In the past,
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1452:"The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy, and the King of Persia: Begun in the Year M.DC.XXXIII, and Finish'd in M.DC.XXXIX : Containing a Compleat History of Muscovy, Tartary, Persia, and Other Adjacent Countries : with Several Publick Transactions Reaching Near the Present Times: in VII Books, p. 167, "The perpetual fire of the ancient Persians"
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phraseology of the
Khinalug language. In order to learn the Khinalug language, a special branch of the Institute of Linguistics of the USSR was established in the village in the 20th century. The linguists who worked there compiled the entire alphabet of this Latin script language, which contains seventy-two letters. The people of Khinalug call their village
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543:'s 2008 Watch List of the 100 Most Endangered Sites due to concern over the building of a road between Khinalug and Guba. The listing is not intended to criticise potential tourist and commercial activity in Khinalug, rather it is intended as a warning that new development should not come at the cost of the site's essential, historic character.
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967:, at the foot of the Gizil-gaya rock. The temple was restored on the site of the former ruins by the efforts of the World Zoroastrian Organization and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Azerbaijan in 2016. It was listed in the "List of state-protected historical and cultural monuments of the Republic of Azerbaijan", ID #4647.
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engulfed in flames, as well as pebbles scattered all over, create an impression of a fallen tower. Those who come here not to pray, but to have a picnic, like cooking kebabs right on these stones, and then, to sunbathe under the sun's rays, whilst looking at the beauty of the highlands. A horse ride from
Khynalyg to
509:. Khinalug is also the highest, most remote and isolated village in Azerbaijan and among the highest in the Caucasus. The weather changes dramatically during summer and winter, ranging from −20 °C to 18 °C. Khinalug has a population of about 2,000 people. This small group of people speaks the
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built at that time is named after him. This holy place, located on the hill in the centre of the village, is considered to be the precursor of all local mosques. Two rocks, two meters high, on the right-hand side of the entrance to this Mosque have runic inscriptions. A plaque situated on the wall on
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is a wandering holy person in
Azerbaijani). It is located in a cave which is two kilometers away from the village, and where a spring comes out of the ground. This spring is also considered as holy. A pipeline supplies water from the spring to the villagers' houses and the central square. During the
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in
Azerbaijani made of manure. In the past, this type of bio-fuel was widely used in Azerbaijan. The manure is piled up and mixed with hay, formed into special shapes and then pressed. The bricks formed are dried in the sun and then, used to build high walls. The bricks are the main fuel used by the
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This cultural landscape is comprised of the high-mountain
Khinalig village in northern Azerbaijan, high-altitude summer pastures and agricultural terraces in the Greater Caucasus Mountains, winter pastures in the lowland plains in central Azerbaijan, and the connecting 200-kilometre-long seasonal
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takes thirty minutes, whereas on foot it can take up to two or three hours. The legend about
Ateshgah relates that a shepherd, who came here on a freezing day with his flock, had collected a lot of wood with which to make a bonfire. However, as he made it, the entire area was suddenly ablaze: the
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Eight ancient graveyards surround the village, covering an area several times greater than that of the village. Most graves conceal three or four burial layers. The tombstones' inscriptions are written in various alphabets. In order to defend themselves in the 10th century against various nomadic
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The inhabitants of
Khinaliq have preserved their traditional way of life. Weddings and other ceremonies are held in strict conformity with the rites inherited from one generation to another. This area abounds with the richest traditions linked to rain and land cultivation coupled with a special
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This actually is 'a burning' mountain, situated at 2600 meters above sea level and five kilometers away from
Khynalyg. This mountainous territory is rich with natural gas deposits. According to the local inhabitants, there are more such places in the outskirts of Khynalyg. Well polished rocks
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than to other Northeast Caucasian groups, but that relationship has not been shown. The first description of the Khinalug language is provided in the writings of R.F. von Erkert. In his book, 'Languages of Caucasian Origins', published in German in Vienna in 1895, he describes the grammar and
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located opposite Khynalyg, is considered to be holy. As a rule, its summit is covered by mists, and winds are always blowing. According to one of the legends, the ruins of the former ancient village destroyed a thousand years ago by an earthquake are located on the mountain. Certainly, the
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August marks the beginning of the honey season in Khinaliq. Local honey differs by its unforgettable taste and odor. The local people say that honey is a remedy for curing seventy diseases. In autumn, they celebrate the season of goat's meat which also differs due to its special taste.
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tribes, special defense facilities, including a fortress, were built in Khynalyg: the main watchtower also included the Zoroastrian Temple. Local elders relate that the priest who lived in this Temple was called "Piajomard" and that he used to watch an eternal flame burning there.
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It is the name of one of the mountain chains of the Minor Caucasus, situated in the north of the country. In Azerbaijan, there are seven mountains whose heights exceed 4000 meters, and all of them are in the north – the region of Guba and Gusar. One of the summits of Mount
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terrified shepherd kissed the stones and started to pray to the Almighty. Since that time, the flame has never gone out, and the place is considered as holy, and subsequently became a Temple. Indeed, it may be understood from these places why Azerbaijan is known as
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Mammadova, Gulchohra; Alieva, Aliya; Nurmammadov, Mahammad; Hajiyeva, Sabina (9 March 2023). "A Unique Historical-Architectural Monument-The Village of Khynalyg". In Onyshchenko, V.; Mammadova, G.; Sivitska, S.; Gasimov, A. (eds.).
870:(Zoroastrian praying places' in Azerbaijani). Pirs can be seen everywhere. Each of them has a grave where a holy person - the yevliya - is interred. Almost every pir has a scene, depicted on its wall, of
988:"... a baghin (temple) was built in a Kuba district near the village of Khinalik near a volcano called Ateshgah, where various buildings were constructed on the ancient remains by newcomers from India."
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is visited by those who have sore teeth: it is also known as the Pir of toothache. People say that if you take one of the small, round-shaped stones found in this Pir, then your toothache will be ended.
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The Ministry of Culture and Tourism restored the roofs of nearly a hundred homes in Khinaluq in 2011, and the 9th-century mosque was restored in 2012–2014. The village and its surrounding "Köç Yolu"
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In the oldest part of the village with Zoroastrian traces is situated is the Burj sanctuary, which was built in the 7th century, and is only attended during Muslim religious celebrations.
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In 2007 Aliyev established Khinalug State historical-architectural and ethnographic reserve by presidential decree, to preserve the unique appearance, language and customs of the village.
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Atashgah (atash-kadeh), a Zoroastrian fire temple with a natural flame, located ~5 km far from the village, at an altitude of ~ 3000 m above sea level, on the spur of the mountain
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855:. Currently, there are almost ten mosques in the village. In the 12th century, Abu Muslim had started to preach about Islam in the region, and thus, the
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Cultural Landscape of Khinalig People and "Köç Yolu" Transhumance Route were added to the UNESCO World Heritage sites list in September 2023.
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To be fair, it is rare to find such an ecologically pure fuel. Whilst in Khinaliq, one may often notice a pile of cubes or bricks called
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inhabitants of this village founded the current Khynalyg. According to the Khynalyg people, this mountain also has on it a place called
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1368:. Baku, Azerbaijan: Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Azerbaijan Republic; Golden Book Publishing House. pp. 10–23.
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The existence of Zoroastrian religious buildings in this part of the Caucasus is repeatedly mentioned by various authors.
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Atashgah of Khinalig: the highest fire temple of the world. Hamazor Issue 1 2017 (1). World Zoroastrian Organisation
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The village of Khynalyg is known, not only for its ancient traditions but also because the villagers have seen a
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Armenian clergyman Makar Barkhudariants in 1893 provides information about the ancient fire temple of Khinalig:
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Azərbaycan Respublikası Nazirlər Kabineti tərəfindən təsdiq edilmiş tarix və mədəniyyət abidələrinin siyahısı
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ethnic group. They are mostly brown-haired, with brown or blue eyes, not very tall, and rather corpulent.
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467:. The municipality of Khinalug is part of the Quba District and consists of the villages of Khinalug and
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Khynalyg is surrounded by caves, pirs ('a holy place' or a 'shrine' in Azerbaijani), temples and
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inhabitants of Khynalyg: they are high-quality material and do not incur any additional costs.
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most important events and celebrations, all the Khynalyg inhabitants gather in this square.
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Parliamentary Assembly, Working Papers: 2007 Ordinary Session, Second Part 16-20 April 2007
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They were certainly among the 26 tribes living in Caucasian Albania that Greek philosopher
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As it follows from the description and the map, Olearius called Mount Shahdag as Elburs.
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1332:"Truth behind the myths': Amazon warrior women of Greek legend may really have existed"
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To learn about the history of Khynalyg and its ancient artifacts, one may visit the
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another mosque called Pirjomard shows the date of its construction - in 1388 AD.
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1185:"Cultural Landscape of Khinalig People and "Köç Yolu" Transhumance Route"
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was quoted linking the women of Khinalug with the ancient reports of the
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Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Building Innovations
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landscape were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site during the 45th
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Cultural Landscape of Khinalig People and "Köç Yolu" Transhumance Route
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Cultural Landscape of Khinalig People and "Köç Yolu" Transhumance Route
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This article is about the village in Azerbaijan. For the language, see
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940:. Tourists who wish to climb this mountain can enjoy touristic tours.
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Eyubov, Emil (2014). "Khynalyg architecture". In Angus Hay (ed.).
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for sacrifice. The most famous pir of this village is called
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language family, although many speak Azerbaijani as well.
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The World Monuments Fund 2008 Watch Listing for Khinalug
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Adam Olearius, a German traveler of the 17th century:
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is 4062.8 meters above sea level and is named after
894:. This was the place of prayer for forty dervishes (
1214:. Council of Europe. 28 February 2008. p. 80.
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945:Historical-ethnographic museum of Khinalug village
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459:period. It is located high up in the mountains of
1238:The Peoples of the USSR: An Ethnographic Handbook
529:On 7 October 2006, the President of Azerbaijan,
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1265:. Today.az. 7 October 2006. Archived from
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787:Learn how and when to remove this message
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489:Khinalug is located just south-west of
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1005:Addition to UNESCO World Heritage List
1366:Khynalyg: Ethno Tourism in Azerbaijan
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1524:Xinaliq language and culture website
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725:adding citations to reliable sources
617:mosque interior, Xinaliq, Azerbaijan
451:), is a municipality and an ancient
1263:"Azerbaijani President visits Guba"
601:masonry detail, Xinaliq, Azerbaijan
471:. The village was included in the
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1235:Wixman, Ronald (1 January 1984).
890:Another well-known pir is called
840:The village's population follows
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1406:"Azerbaijan: A Caucasian mosaic"
1404:Charlotte Cullen (31 May 2013).
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91:Municipality in Quba, Azerbaijan
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1183:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage.
712:needs additional citations for
609:Xinaliq, Azerbaijan, March 2023
593:Xinaliq, Azerbaijan, March 2023
552:UNESCO World Heritage Committee
803:that is an isolate within the
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805:Northeast Caucasian languages
539:Khinalug was included on the
1529:The official Xinaliq website
1488:10.1007/978-3-031-17385-1_36
1241:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 104.
1189:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
1160:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
303:2,180 m (7,150 ft)
1539:Xinaliq Tourism information
1534:Xinaliq.com Tourism website
1393:. Brill Archive. p. 8.
938:National Hero of Azerbaijan
565:On 24 March 2024 historian
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1391:The Encyclopaedia of Islam
1389:Sir H. A. R. Gibb (1954).
799:The Khinalug people speak
497:mountains that divide the
365:UNESCO World Heritage Site
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1334:. Guardian Media Group
1312:. World Monuments Fund
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493:in the middle of the
339: • Summer (
254:41.17806°N 48.12667°E
1520:at Wikimedia Commons
1482:. pp. 453–462.
1292:"History of Xinaliq"
993:Legend about Snowman
951:Atashgah fire temple
721:improve this article
541:World Monuments Fund
801:a distinct language
672:Northeast Caucasian
670:are related to the
629:Culture and customs
585:View in August 2009
519:Northeast Caucasian
479:World Heritage Site
250: /
1544:2017-01-27 at the
1298:on 8 October 2018.
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934:Chingiz Mustafayev
910:"the Land of Fire"
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668:people of Khynalyg
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548:Transhumance Route
457:Caucasian Albanian
411:Reference no.
313: • Total
259:41.17806; 48.12667
68:encyclopedic style
66:by introducing an
55:is written like a
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1516:Media related to
1497:978-3-031-17384-4
1375:978-9952-481-59-4
1248:978-0-87332-506-6
1221:978-92-871-6254-0
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732:Find sources:
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710:This section
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681:mentioned in
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461:Quba District
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372:Official name
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235:Coordinates:
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53:This article
51:
42:
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19:
2405:Yuxarı Digah
2335:Vladimirovka
2280:Talabıqışlaq
2020:Mahmudqışlaq
1995:Küpçalqışlaq
1974:
1915:İbrahimhapıt
1900:Hacıhüseynli
1825:Ərməkiqışlaq
1815:Əliməmmədoba
1805:Əlibəyqışlaq
1595:
1475:
1458:
1447:
1436:
1425:
1413:. Retrieved
1409:
1399:
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1365:
1336:. Retrieved
1326:
1314:. Retrieved
1304:
1296:the original
1271:. Retrieved
1267:the original
1257:
1237:
1230:
1210:
1204:
1194:24 September
1192:. Retrieved
1188:
1165:24 September
1163:. Retrieved
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922:Pira-Mykhykh
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731:
719:Please help
714:verification
711:
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622:
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577:Architecture
564:
545:
538:
535:
531:Ilham Aliyev
528:
488:
472:
448:
432:
428:
427:
108:Municipality
77:
57:travel guide
54:
37:
2345:Xanagahyolu
2270:Susayqışlaq
2180:Qımılqışlaq
2145:Qasımqışlaq
2135:Qarovulüstü
2110:Qacar Zeyid
2045:Mirzəqışlaq
2025:Mehdiqışlaq
2015:Leyti-Kazma
2010:Küsnətqazma
1940:İsnovqışlaq
1920:İdrisqışlaq
1855:Gədikqışlaq
1645:Amsarqışlaq
1625:Alekseyevka
880:Khydyr Nabi
857:Juma Mosque
845:Sunni Islam
777:August 2016
517:within the
469:Galaykhudat
437:Azerbaijani
257: /
2300:Timiryazev
2290:Tekeshykhy
2260:Sukhtakala
2200:Qorxmazoba
2185:Qırızdəhnə
2175:Qımılqazma
2115:Qalayxudat
2105:Püstəqasım
2040:Mirzəqasım
2030:Məçkə-Xacə
1960:Kazmabudug
1895:Hacıağalar
1885:Güneyməhlə
1870:Gömürdəhnə
1840:Fətəli xan
1830:Əski İqrığ
1650:Aşağı Atuc
1415:8 December
1310:"Khinalug"
1142:References
822:Ketshmits'
747:newspapers
736:"Khinalug"
465:Azerbaijan
396:Designated
308:Population
282:Azerbaijan
245:48°07′36″E
242:41°10′41″N
80:April 2016
72:Wikivoyage
2295:Təngəaltı
2240:Sırt Çiçi
2210:Raziyələr
2195:Qonaqkənd
2125:Qarabulaq
2060:Nohurdüzü
1835:Əspərəsti
1735:Çayqışlaq
1675:Aydınkənd
1660:Aşağı Xuç
896:a dervish
868:ateshgahs
683:Geography
505:from the
481:in 2023.
453:Caucasian
322:Time zone
300:Elevation
2459:Category
2390:Yenikənd
2380:Yalavanc
2365:Xaspolad
2325:Uzunmeşə
2245:Sofikənd
2235:Səbətlər
2165:Qənidərə
2150:Qayadalı
2095:Pirvahid
2085:Orta Xuç
1975:Khinalug
1905:Hacıqaib
1790:Dəlləkli
1780:Davudoba
1775:Dalıqaya
1685:Bağbanlı
1596:Capital:
1542:Archived
1480:Springer
1410:euronews
1338:24 March
1316:10 March
1273:10 March
1017:—
930:Tufandag
917:Tufandag
905:Ateshgah
892:40 Abbal
836:Religion
693:Language
623:mutakkah
561:Panorama
485:Location
445:Khinalug
433:Khinalyg
429:Khinalug
388:Criteria
383:Cultural
289:District
223:Khinalug
98:Khinalug
18:Khinalig
2420:Zərqava
2415:Zərdabi
2375:Xucbala
2350:Xanəgah
2330:Vəlvələ
2215:Rəngdar
2160:Qələdüz
2130:Qaraçay
2090:Paşaoba
1985:Kunxırt
1970:Kələnov
1965:Kələbaq
1955:Kardash
1950:Karakyz
1880:Gültəpə
1860:Gənclər
1765:Dağüstü
1730:Çarxaçu
1725:Çartəpə
1720:Cağacıq
1690:Bağçalı
1518:Xınalıq
1027:Gallery
999:snowman
965:Shahdag
872:Ibrahim
842:Shafi'i
761:scholar
571:Amazons
525:History
515:isolate
441:Xınalıq
403:session
270:Country
62:Please
2400:Yergüc
2385:Yekdar
2355:Xaruşa
2340:Xaltan
2305:Toxmar
2275:Talabı
2230:Rustov
2155:Qəçrəş
2140:Qarxun
2120:Qamqam
2070:Nöydün
2005:Küsnət
2000:Kürkün
1990:Küpçal
1980:Küçeyi
1890:Gürdəh
1875:Güləzi
1820:Ərməki
1770:Dalaqo
1755:Cındar
1715:Cadarı
1700:Bərğov
1615:Afurca
1494:
1372:
1245:
1218:
915:Mount
876:Ismail
818:Kettid
763:
756:
749:
742:
734:
679:Strabo
644:chukha
503:Russia
476:UNESCO
401:(45th
391:iii, v
279:
2435:Zizik
2430:Zıxır
2425:Zeyid
2395:Yerfi
2315:Uçgün
2310:Tülər
2285:Talış
2265:Susay
2255:Şuduq
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