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966:"...During which time they also drive their Cattel towards the Mountain of Elbours, where they find not only a more temperate air, but also as good Meadow-ground as any in all Persia. That Mountain is part of Mount Caucasus, and it is of such height, that though it be at a very great distance from thence, in as much as it lies on one side of Tabristan, towards Georgia, yet may it be discovered from Kale Kuhestan, and the other neighbouring Mountains of Scamachie. It was upon this Mountain of Elbours, as it is reported, that the Persians kept and antiently Worshiped their perpetual Fire: but now there is not the least track to be seen of it, neither there, nor near Jesche, though Texeira, and those who follow him, would have us believe the contrary. True indeed it is, that there are, to this day, in the Indies, certain Religious men, who have a Veneration for the Fire, and keep it in with the same care that the Persians did here to fore..."
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990:. In 1988 a young hunter, called Babaali Babaaliyev, and still alive today, was hiding in one of the caves near Khynalyg: he was hunting the wild goats, which wandered into the caves to lick the rock salt. Whilst he was taking a nap, the hunter was awakened by someone who blocked the cave entrance with his body. Babaali said that a large and hairy human-like being had stared at him in absolute silence. Terrified, he did not dare to move. His hands became numb, and he could not even make the single step necessary to reach his nearby rifle. Still looking at him, the being decided to leave. Since this occurrence, Babaali has long been in shock, has never recovered and has always avoided the place where the appalling encounter took place.
813:. The name 'Khinalug' started to be used in the 1950s and 1960s. It derives either from the colour of the henna of the surrounding rocks or the name of a Hun tribe. The hair-style, which in the past was popular amongst Hun and Turkic warriors, remains fashionable. One can never see the same in any other place in Azerbaijan. Similar styles are today only retained in Siberia and Mongolia, although they may also be seen in history films. These films show young boys with heads fully shaven except for a long braided single tress that hangs from the top. Young boys used to live with this tress until their adolescence, when they were obliged to cut it off when they were drafted into the Army.
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transhumance route called Köç Yolu ("Migration Route"). The village of
Khinalig is home to the semi-nomadic Khinalig people, whose culture and lifestyle are defined by the seasonal migration between summer and winter pastures, and who retain the ancient way of long-distance vertical transhumance. The organically evolved network including ancient routes, temporary pastures and camping sites, mausoleums, and mosques illustrates a sustainable eco-social system adapted to extreme environmental conditions
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attitude to domestic animals, weddings and funerals, as well as to celestial bodies. The rites and traditions that have become an integral part of life are linked closely to natural phenomenon. The villagers are mainly involved with sheep breeding. A different weaving technique is well known here. Shawls woven with wool in
Khinaliq are famous throughout the entire region of Guba. Neighboring villagers used to buy this raw material to make outer clothes. In the past,
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1441:"The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy, and the King of Persia: Begun in the Year M.DC.XXXIII, and Finish'd in M.DC.XXXIX : Containing a Compleat History of Muscovy, Tartary, Persia, and Other Adjacent Countries : with Several Publick Transactions Reaching Near the Present Times: in VII Books, p. 167, "The perpetual fire of the ancient Persians"
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phraseology of the
Khinalug language. In order to learn the Khinalug language, a special branch of the Institute of Linguistics of the USSR was established in the village in the 20th century. The linguists who worked there compiled the entire alphabet of this Latin script language, which contains seventy-two letters. The people of Khinalug call their village
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532:'s 2008 Watch List of the 100 Most Endangered Sites due to concern over the building of a road between Khinalug and Guba. The listing is not intended to criticise potential tourist and commercial activity in Khinalug, rather it is intended as a warning that new development should not come at the cost of the site's essential, historic character.
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956:, at the foot of the Gizil-gaya rock. The temple was restored on the site of the former ruins by the efforts of the World Zoroastrian Organization and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Azerbaijan in 2016. It was listed in the "List of state-protected historical and cultural monuments of the Republic of Azerbaijan", ID #4647.
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engulfed in flames, as well as pebbles scattered all over, create an impression of a fallen tower. Those who come here not to pray, but to have a picnic, like cooking kebabs right on these stones, and then, to sunbathe under the sun's rays, whilst looking at the beauty of the highlands. A horse ride from
Khynalyg to
498:. Khinalug is also the highest, most remote and isolated village in Azerbaijan and among the highest in the Caucasus. The weather changes dramatically during summer and winter, ranging from −20 °C to 18 °C. Khinalug has a population of about 2,000 people. This small group of people speaks the
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built at that time is named after him. This holy place, located on the hill in the centre of the village, is considered to be the precursor of all local mosques. Two rocks, two meters high, on the right-hand side of the entrance to this Mosque have runic inscriptions. A plaque situated on the wall on
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is a wandering holy person in
Azerbaijani). It is located in a cave which is two kilometers away from the village, and where a spring comes out of the ground. This spring is also considered as holy. A pipeline supplies water from the spring to the villagers' houses and the central square. During the
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in
Azerbaijani made of manure. In the past, this type of bio-fuel was widely used in Azerbaijan. The manure is piled up and mixed with hay, formed into special shapes and then pressed. The bricks formed are dried in the sun and then, used to build high walls. The bricks are the main fuel used by the
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This cultural landscape is comprised of the high-mountain
Khinalig village in northern Azerbaijan, high-altitude summer pastures and agricultural terraces in the Greater Caucasus Mountains, winter pastures in the lowland plains in central Azerbaijan, and the connecting 200-kilometre-long seasonal
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takes thirty minutes, whereas on foot it can take up to two or three hours. The legend about
Ateshgah relates that a shepherd, who came here on a freezing day with his flock, had collected a lot of wood with which to make a bonfire. However, as he made it, the entire area was suddenly ablaze: the
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Eight ancient graveyards surround the village, covering an area several times greater than that of the village. Most graves conceal three or four burial layers. The tombstones' inscriptions are written in various alphabets. In order to defend themselves in the 10th century against various nomadic
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The inhabitants of
Khinaliq have preserved their traditional way of life. Weddings and other ceremonies are held in strict conformity with the rites inherited from one generation to another. This area abounds with the richest traditions linked to rain and land cultivation coupled with a special
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This actually is 'a burning' mountain, situated at 2600 meters above sea level and five kilometers away from
Khynalyg. This mountainous territory is rich with natural gas deposits. According to the local inhabitants, there are more such places in the outskirts of Khynalyg. Well polished rocks
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than to other Northeast Caucasian groups, but that relationship has not been shown. The first description of the Khinalug language is provided in the writings of R.F. von Erkert. In his book, 'Languages of Caucasian Origins', published in German in Vienna in 1895, he describes the grammar and
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located opposite Khynalyg, is considered to be holy. As a rule, its summit is covered by mists, and winds are always blowing. According to one of the legends, the ruins of the former ancient village destroyed a thousand years ago by an earthquake are located on the mountain. Certainly, the
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August marks the beginning of the honey season in Khinaliq. Local honey differs by its unforgettable taste and odor. The local people say that honey is a remedy for curing seventy diseases. In autumn, they celebrate the season of goat's meat which also differs due to its special taste.
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tribes, special defense facilities, including a fortress, were built in Khynalyg: the main watchtower also included the Zoroastrian Temple. Local elders relate that the priest who lived in this Temple was called "Piajomard" and that he used to watch an eternal flame burning there.
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It is the name of one of the mountain chains of the Minor Caucasus, situated in the north of the country. In Azerbaijan, there are seven mountains whose heights exceed 4000 meters, and all of them are in the north – the region of Guba and Gusar. One of the summits of Mount
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terrified shepherd kissed the stones and started to pray to the Almighty. Since that time, the flame has never gone out, and the place is considered as holy, and subsequently became a Temple. Indeed, it may be understood from these places why Azerbaijan is known as
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Mammadova, Gulchohra; Alieva, Aliya; Nurmammadov, Mahammad; Hajiyeva, Sabina (9 March 2023). "A Unique Historical-Architectural Monument-The Village of Khynalyg". In Onyshchenko, V.; Mammadova, G.; Sivitska, S.; Gasimov, A. (eds.).
859:(Zoroastrian praying places' in Azerbaijani). Pirs can be seen everywhere. Each of them has a grave where a holy person - the yevliya - is interred. Almost every pir has a scene, depicted on its wall, of
977:"... a baghin (temple) was built in a Kuba district near the village of Khinalik near a volcano called Ateshgah, where various buildings were constructed on the ancient remains by newcomers from India."
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is visited by those who have sore teeth: it is also known as the Pir of toothache. People say that if you take one of the small, round-shaped stones found in this Pir, then your toothache will be ended.
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The Ministry of Culture and Tourism restored the roofs of nearly a hundred homes in Khinaluq in 2011, and the 9th-century mosque was restored in 2012–2014. The village and its surrounding "Köç Yolu"
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In the oldest part of the village with Zoroastrian traces is situated is the Burj sanctuary, which was built in the 7th century, and is only attended during Muslim religious celebrations.
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In 2007 Aliyev established Khinalug State historical-architectural and ethnographic reserve by presidential decree, to preserve the unique appearance, language and customs of the village.
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Atashgah (atash-kadeh), a Zoroastrian fire temple with a natural flame, located ~5 km far from the village, at an altitude of ~ 3000 m above sea level, on the spur of the mountain
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614:(long oblong shaped pillows), as well as large and small sized mattresses. They don't have tables and by custom, the inhabitants sit on the floor.
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Cultural Landscape of Khinalig People and "Köç Yolu" Transhumance Route were added to the UNESCO World Heritage sites list in September 2023.
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To be fair, it is rare to find such an ecologically pure fuel. Whilst in Khinaliq, one may often notice a pile of cubes or bricks called
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inhabitants of this village founded the current Khynalyg. According to the Khynalyg people, this mountain also has on it a place called
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1357:. Baku, Azerbaijan: Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Azerbaijan Republic; Golden Book Publishing House. pp. 10–23.
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The existence of Zoroastrian religious buildings in this part of the Caucasus is repeatedly mentioned by various authors.
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Atashgah of Khinalig: the highest fire temple of the world. Hamazor Issue 1 2017 (1). World Zoroastrian Organisation
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The village of Khynalyg is known, not only for its ancient traditions but also because the villagers have seen a
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Armenian clergyman Makar Barkhudariants in 1893 provides information about the ancient fire temple of Khinalig:
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Azərbaycan Respublikası Nazirlər Kabineti tərəfindən təsdiq edilmiş tarix və mədəniyyət abidələrinin siyahısı
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ethnic group. They are mostly brown-haired, with brown or blue eyes, not very tall, and rather corpulent.
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456:. The municipality of Khinalug is part of the Quba District and consists of the villages of Khinalug and
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Khynalyg is surrounded by caves, pirs ('a holy place' or a 'shrine' in Azerbaijani), temples and
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inhabitants of Khynalyg: they are high-quality material and do not incur any additional costs.
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most important events and celebrations, all the Khynalyg inhabitants gather in this square.
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Parliamentary Assembly, Working Papers: 2007 Ordinary Session, Second Part 16-20 April 2007
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They were certainly among the 26 tribes living in Caucasian Albania that Greek philosopher
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As it follows from the description and the map, Olearius called Mount Shahdag as Elburs.
871:. Each pir is considered as the remedy for turning away the Evil Eye. For instance, the
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1321:"Truth behind the myths': Amazon warrior women of Greek legend may really have existed"
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To learn about the history of Khynalyg and its ancient artifacts, one may visit the
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another mosque called Pirjomard shows the date of its construction - in 1388 AD.
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1174:"Cultural Landscape of Khinalig People and "Köç Yolu" Transhumance Route"
1145:"Cultural Landscape of Khinalig People and "Köç Yolu" Transhumance Route"
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was quoted linking the women of Khinalug with the ancient reports of the
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Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Building Innovations
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landscape were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site during the 45th
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Cultural Landscape of Khinalig People and "Köç Yolu" Transhumance Route
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Cultural Landscape of Khinalig People and "Köç Yolu" Transhumance Route
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This article is about the village in Azerbaijan. For the language, see
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929:. Tourists who wish to climb this mountain can enjoy touristic tours.
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Eyubov, Emil (2014). "Khynalyg architecture". In Angus Hay (ed.).
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901:. Both water and earth burn with fire throughout the region.
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for sacrifice. The most famous pir of this village is called
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language family, although many speak Azerbaijani as well.
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The World Monuments Fund 2008 Watch Listing for Khinalug
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Adam Olearius, a German traveler of the 17th century:
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is 4062.8 meters above sea level and is named after
883:. This was the place of prayer for forty dervishes (
1203:. Council of Europe. 28 February 2008. p. 80.
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934:Historical-ethnographic museum of Khinalug village
562:, woman warriors at the edge of the known world.
448:period. It is located high up in the mountains of
1227:The Peoples of the USSR: An Ethnographic Handbook
518:On 7 October 2006, the President of Azerbaijan,
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925:, the journalist killed on the frontline and a
2454:Populated places in Quba District (Azerbaijan)
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8:
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1254:. Today.az. 7 October 2006. Archived from
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776:Learn how and when to remove this message
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444:village with origins dating back to the
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478:Khinalug is located just south-west of
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994:Addition to UNESCO World Heritage List
1355:Khynalyg: Ethno Tourism in Azerbaijan
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1513:Xinaliq language and culture website
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714:adding citations to reliable sources
606:mosque interior, Xinaliq, Azerbaijan
440:), is a municipality and an ancient
1252:"Azerbaijani President visits Guba"
590:masonry detail, Xinaliq, Azerbaijan
460:. The village was included in the
14:
1224:Wixman, Ronald (1 January 1984).
879:Another well-known pir is called
829:The village's population follows
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1395:"Azerbaijan: A Caucasian mosaic"
1393:Charlotte Cullen (31 May 2013).
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1103:
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1009:UNESCO World Heritage Convention
948:Restored atash-kadeh of Khinalig
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263:
205:
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197:
179:
168:
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80:Municipality in Quba, Azerbaijan
33:
1172:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage.
701:needs additional citations for
598:Xinaliq, Azerbaijan, March 2023
582:Xinaliq, Azerbaijan, March 2023
541:UNESCO World Heritage Committee
792:that is an isolate within the
1:
794:Northeast Caucasian languages
528:Khinalug was included on the
1518:The official Xinaliq website
1477:10.1007/978-3-031-17385-1_36
1230:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 104.
1178:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
1149:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
292:2,180 m (7,150 ft)
1528:Xinaliq Tourism information
1523:Xinaliq.com Tourism website
1382:. Brill Archive. p. 8.
927:National Hero of Azerbaijan
554:On 24 March 2024 historian
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1380:The Encyclopaedia of Islam
1378:Sir H. A. R. Gibb (1954).
788:The Khinalug people speak
486:mountains that divide the
354:UNESCO World Heritage Site
15:
2430:
1594:
1582:
411:
407:
347:
223:
192:
102:
95:
840:, had been followers of
53:help improve the article
59:or move the content to
1323:. Guardian Media Group
1301:. World Monuments Fund
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949:
821:
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607:
599:
591:
583:
575:
551:
429:
20:. For the people, see
947:
819:
809:, and their language
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605:
597:
589:
581:
573:
549:
482:in the middle of the
328: • Summer (
243:41.17806°N 48.12667°E
1509:at Wikimedia Commons
1471:. pp. 453–462.
1281:"History of Xinaliq"
982:Legend about Snowman
940:Atashgah fire temple
710:improve this article
530:World Monuments Fund
790:a distinct language
661:Northeast Caucasian
659:are related to the
618:Culture and customs
574:View in August 2009
508:Northeast Caucasian
468:World Heritage Site
239: /
1533:2017-01-27 at the
1287:on 8 October 2018.
950:
923:Chingiz Mustafayev
899:"the Land of Fire"
822:
657:people of Khynalyg
628:
608:
600:
592:
584:
576:
552:
537:Transhumance Route
446:Caucasian Albanian
400:Reference no.
302: • Total
248:41.17806; 48.12667
57:encyclopedic style
55:by introducing an
44:is written like a
2441:
2440:
1505:Media related to
1486:978-3-031-17384-4
1364:978-9952-481-59-4
1237:978-0-87332-506-6
1210:978-92-871-6254-0
863:bringing his son
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778:
760:
651:Ethnic background
500:Khinalug language
488:Northern Caucasus
415:
414:
395:
78:
77:
18:Khinalug language
2461:
2436:
2399:Yuxarı Tüləkəran
1569:
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1421:
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1333:
1332:
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1328:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1283:. Archived from
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1265:
1263:
1258:on 11 March 2014
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1098:
1089:
1080:
1071:
1062:
1053:
1044:
1035:
1026:
1011:
820:Khinalig village
798:Lezgic languages
781:
774:
770:
767:
761:
759:
718:
694:
686:
484:Greater Caucasus
389:
333:
269:
267:
266:
254:
253:
251:
250:
249:
244:
240:
237:
236:
235:
232:
208:
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112:
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37:
36:
29:
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2054:Novonikolayevka
2024:Mirzəməmmədkənd
1654:Ashagy Kharasha
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1576:Quba District
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721:Find sources:
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699:This section
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450:Quba District
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224:Coordinates:
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42:This article
40:
31:
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2394:Yuxarı Digah
2324:Vladimirovka
2269:Talabıqışlaq
2009:Mahmudqışlaq
1984:Küpçalqışlaq
1963:
1904:İbrahimhapıt
1889:Hacıhüseynli
1814:Ərməkiqışlaq
1804:Əliməmmədoba
1794:Əlibəyqışlaq
1584:
1464:
1447:
1436:
1425:
1414:
1402:. Retrieved
1398:
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1373:
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1325:. Retrieved
1315:
1303:. Retrieved
1293:
1285:the original
1260:. Retrieved
1256:the original
1246:
1226:
1219:
1199:
1193:
1183:24 September
1181:. Retrieved
1177:
1154:24 September
1152:. Retrieved
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911:Pira-Mykhykh
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708:Please help
703:verification
700:
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632:
629:
611:
609:
566:Architecture
553:
534:
527:
524:
520:Ilham Aliyev
517:
477:
461:
437:
421:
417:
416:
97:Municipality
66:
46:travel guide
43:
26:
2334:Xanagahyolu
2259:Susayqışlaq
2169:Qımılqışlaq
2134:Qasımqışlaq
2124:Qarovulüstü
2099:Qacar Zeyid
2034:Mirzəqışlaq
2014:Mehdiqışlaq
2004:Leyti-Kazma
1999:Küsnətqazma
1929:İsnovqışlaq
1909:İdrisqışlaq
1844:Gədikqışlaq
1634:Amsarqışlaq
1614:Alekseyevka
869:Khydyr Nabi
846:Juma Mosque
834:Sunni Islam
766:August 2016
506:within the
458:Galaykhudat
426:Azerbaijani
246: /
2289:Timiryazev
2279:Tekeshykhy
2249:Sukhtakala
2189:Qorxmazoba
2174:Qırızdəhnə
2164:Qımılqazma
2104:Qalayxudat
2094:Püstəqasım
2029:Mirzəqasım
2019:Məçkə-Xacə
1949:Kazmabudug
1884:Hacıağalar
1874:Güneyməhlə
1859:Gömürdəhnə
1829:Fətəli xan
1819:Əski İqrığ
1639:Aşağı Atuc
1404:8 December
1299:"Khinalug"
1131:References
811:Ketshmits'
736:newspapers
725:"Khinalug"
454:Azerbaijan
385:Designated
297:Population
271:Azerbaijan
234:48°07′36″E
231:41°10′41″N
69:April 2016
61:Wikivoyage
2284:Təngəaltı
2229:Sırt Çiçi
2199:Raziyələr
2184:Qonaqkənd
2114:Qarabulaq
2049:Nohurdüzü
1824:Əspərəsti
1724:Çayqışlaq
1664:Aydınkənd
1649:Aşağı Xuç
885:a dervish
857:ateshgahs
672:Geography
494:from the
470:in 2023.
442:Caucasian
311:Time zone
289:Elevation
2448:Category
2379:Yenikənd
2369:Yalavanc
2354:Xaspolad
2314:Uzunmeşə
2234:Sofikənd
2224:Səbətlər
2154:Qənidərə
2139:Qayadalı
2084:Pirvahid
2074:Orta Xuç
1964:Khinalug
1894:Hacıqaib
1779:Dəlləkli
1769:Davudoba
1764:Dalıqaya
1674:Bağbanlı
1585:Capital:
1531:Archived
1469:Springer
1399:euronews
1327:24 March
1305:10 March
1262:10 March
1006:—
919:Tufandag
906:Tufandag
894:Ateshgah
881:40 Abbal
825:Religion
682:Language
612:mutakkah
550:Panorama
474:Location
434:Khinalug
422:Khinalyg
418:Khinalug
377:Criteria
372:Cultural
278:District
212:Khinalug
87:Khinalug
2409:Zərqava
2404:Zərdabi
2364:Xucbala
2339:Xanəgah
2319:Vəlvələ
2204:Rəngdar
2149:Qələdüz
2119:Qaraçay
2079:Paşaoba
1974:Kunxırt
1959:Kələnov
1954:Kələbaq
1944:Kardash
1939:Karakyz
1869:Gültəpə
1849:Gənclər
1754:Dağüstü
1719:Çarxaçu
1714:Çartəpə
1709:Cağacıq
1679:Bağçalı
1507:Xınalıq
1016:Gallery
988:snowman
954:Shahdag
861:Ibrahim
831:Shafi'i
750:scholar
560:Amazons
514:History
504:isolate
430:Xınalıq
392:session
259:Country
51:Please
2389:Yergüc
2374:Yekdar
2344:Xaruşa
2329:Xaltan
2294:Toxmar
2264:Talabı
2219:Rustov
2144:Qəçrəş
2129:Qarxun
2109:Qamqam
2059:Nöydün
1994:Küsnət
1989:Kürkün
1979:Küpçal
1969:Küçeyi
1879:Gürdəh
1864:Güləzi
1809:Ərməki
1759:Dalaqo
1744:Cındar
1704:Cadarı
1689:Bərğov
1604:Afurca
1483:
1361:
1234:
1207:
904:Mount
865:Ismail
807:Kettid
752:
745:
738:
731:
723:
668:Strabo
633:chukha
492:Russia
465:UNESCO
390:(45th
380:iii, v
268:
2424:Zizik
2419:Zıxır
2414:Zeyid
2384:Yerfi
2304:Uçgün
2299:Tülər
2274:Talış
2254:Susay
2244:Şuduq
2239:Söhüb
2209:Ruçuq
2159:Qımıl
2089:Puçuq
2069:Ördüc
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