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209:). The Mongols were defeated, and Kitbuqa was captured. When he was brought, bound, before the Mamluk sultan he was defiant, describing the Mongol vengeance that would befall the victors. He taunted the Mamluk emirs, saying how he had always been loyal to his master, whilst they had betrayed theirs. Kitbuqa was executed by veteran
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Mamluk histories speak of
Kitbuqa with respect, painting him as a great warrior who refused to retreat when the Mongols were clearly being overpowered at Ain Jalut, and who favored death in battle over retreat and shame. It was expected that Kitbuqa's death would be avenged by Hulagu, but an internal
402:, Città del Vaticano, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1952, p.162. Quoted in "Histoire des Croisades III", René Grousset, p.593; Nam ipse fuerat de progenie trium regum, qui uenerunt natiuitatem domini adorare (For he was a descendant of the Three Kings who came to the Nativity to adore the Lord).
162:
Kitbuqa, who had been left by Hulagu in Syria and
Palestine, held the Land in peace and in state of rest. And he greatly loved and honoured the Christians because he was of the lineage of the Three Kings of Orient who came to Bethlehem to adore the nativity of Our Lord. Kitbuqa worked at recovering
225:
prevented this from happening. Kitbuqa's death and the defeat of the
Mongols at Ain Jalut marked the beginning of the end for the Westward expansion of the Mongol Empire. It was the first occasion they had been decisively defeated and failed to avenge such a loss, though the Mongols continued to
242:"On 1 March Kitbuqa entered Damascus at the head of a Mongol army. With him were the King of Armenia and the Prince of Antioch. The citizens of the ancient capital of the Caliphate saw for the first time for six centuries three Christian potentates ride in triumph through their streets".
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When Hulagu Khan withdrew his forces, responding to internal events in the Mongol Empire (the death of Hulagu's brother, the Great Möngke Khan), Kitbuqa was left in charge of the Mongol army remaining in the Middle East:
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and even intended to ask Hulegu for possession of the town. (...) If this prince reached as far as
Baalbek, it is most probable that he also passed through Damascus." De Reuven Amitai-Preiss, "Mongols and Mamluks",
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in 1258. When Hulagu took the bulk of his forces back with him to attend a ceremony in
Mongolia, Kitbuqa was left in control of Syria, and was responsible for further Mongol raids southwards towards the
380:"While this report cannot be taken literally, it may contain a grain of truth. Armenian troops were part of Ketbuqa's force, while some time during the Mongol occupation Bohemond visited
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150:, and Kitbuqa) entering the city of Damascus together in triumph, though modern historians have characterized this story as
127:. He advanced with Hulagu into western Persia, mounting a series of sieges, and commanded one of the flanks that
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In command of a force including 100,000 Mongol troops, Kitbuqa attempted to continue the Mongol advance towards
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invade Syria, Japan, Hungary, Poland and
Southeast Asia for the next several decades.
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A History of the
Crusades: Volume 3, The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades
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197:. In this way, the Mamluks were able to engage the depleted Mongol army near
26:"Kitboga" redirects here. For the Internet personality and scam baiter, see
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Historical accounts, quoting from the writings of the medieval historian
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This article is about
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Kitbuqa to lead the advance guard of Hulagu Khan's army
189:. However, the Mamluks had negotiated a passive truce with the
441:(first edition). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
398:, tome II, Paris, 1906; quoted in Ugo Monneret de Villard,
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Novus orbis regionum ac insularum veteribus incognitarum,
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Recueil des historiens des croisades, Document Arméniens
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Mongols and
Mamluks: The Mamluk-Ilkhanid War, 1260–1281
267:
The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia
142:, would often describe the three Christian rulers (
367:Peter Jackson, "Crisis in the Holy Land in 1260,"
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345:"Histoire des Croisades III", Grousset, p. 588
321:"Histoire des Croisades III", Grousset, p. 581
297:"Saudi Aramco World "The Battle of Ain Jalut""
125:against the fortresses of the Nizari Ismailis
8:
410:De Cobila Can quinto Imperatore Tartarorum
400:Le leggende orientali sui Magi evangelici
173:La flor des estoires de la terre d'Orient
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217:conflict between Hulagu and his cousin
299:. Saudiaramcoworld.com. Archived from
58:, a group that was subservient to the
271:. Rutgers University Press. pp.
7:
404:Simon Grynaeus Johannes Huttichius,
131:before assisting in the conquest of
504:Military personnel killed in action
66:and confidant of the Mongol Ilkhan
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213:Jamal al-Din Akoush al-Shamsy.
459:. Cambridge University Press.
1:
489:Generals of the Mongol Empire
113:Fleur des histoires d'orient
525:
38:(died 1260), also spelled
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16:Mongol general (died 1260)
509:Generals of the Ilkhanate
455:Runciman, Steven (1987).
394:in Charles Kohler (ed.),
369:English Historical Review
494:Mongol Empire Nestorians
408:Basel, 1532, caput XXX,
83:. He was killed at the
263:René Grousset (1970).
178:
148:Bohemond VI of Antioch
129:sacked Baghdad in 1258
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499:13th-century soldiers
435:Amitai-Preiss, Reuven
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303:on 12 February 2012
203:Battle of Ain Jalut
181:Battle of Ain Jalut
144:Hethum I of Armenia
85:Battle of Ain Jalut
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28:Kitboga (streamer)
201:, at the pivotal
169:Hayton of Corycus
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221:of the Mongol
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163:the Holy Land.
107:in 1260. From
105:Julian Grenier
103:: Kitbuqa vs.
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305:. Retrieved
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205:(spring of
121:Möngke Khan
62:. He was a
478:Categories
307:26 January
250:References
152:apocryphal
64:lieutenant
358:(2nd ed.)
191:Crusaders
135:in 1260.
119:In 1252,
99:Siege of
91:Biography
87:in 1260.
79:based in
50:, was an
412:, p.445.
166:—
133:Damascus
48:Ketbugha
40:Kitbogha
382:Baalbek
199:Galilee
175:(1307).
56:Naimans
54:of the
44:Kitboga
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211:Mamluk
207:Gideon
68:Hulagu
230:Notes
219:Berke
187:Egypt
101:Sidon
81:Cairo
46:, or
461:ISBN
385:p.31
309:2013
277:ISBN
195:Acre
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