258:
507:
274:
20:
358:"The History of Currency, 1252-1894: Being an Account of the Gold and Silver Moneys and Monetary Standards of Europe and America, Together with an Examination of the Effects of Currency and Exchange Phenomena on Commercial and National Progress and Well-being"
314:"The History of Currency, 1252-1894: Being an Account of the Gold and Silver Moneys and Monetary Standards of Europe and America, Together with an Examination of the Effects of Currency and Exchange Phenomena on Commercial and National Progress and Well-being"
330:
The
History of Currency, 1252-1894: Being an Account of the Gold and Silver Moneys and Monetary Standards of Europe and America, Together with an Examination of the Effects of Currency and Exchange Phenomena on Commercial and National Progress and
39:) and which became a popular trade coin in early 19th century Europe. Most examples show the bust of the Austrian ruler on the obverse and three or four crowns on the reverse, hence the name which means "crown thaler" (also
174:(with 9.74 grams of silver per gulden). The kronenthaler was minted prolifically in the 19th century precisely because it yielded the issuer the maximum amount of guilders for a fixed quantity of coined silver.
74:
while the écu had a value of 56 sols (stuivers) or 2.8 gulden. French écus with 27 grams of fine silver can be theoretically melted and reissued into kronenthalers with 27x
154:
in 1815 as the conversion of 2.7-guilder
Kronenthalers into 2.7 Dutch guilders was guaranteed. At about the same time from 1807-1837, several German states (e.g.,
95:
A deliberate minting of below-standard French écus, however, also resulted in a decreased silver content for the
Kronenthaler. The French annexation of the
372:"Livre de poche du Voyageur en Suisse faisant connâitre toutes les curiosités ... De la Suisse d'un partie de la Savoye et de la Valtelline, etc"
257:
1026:
903:
551:
151:
36:
420:
827:
948:
1031:
913:
570:
477:
215:
and currency union of 1837. The kronenthaler was thus retired in favor of the new Dutch and South German guilders.
1021:
482:
467:
455:
170:
by choosing to mint 2.7-gulden
Kronenthalers (with 9.52 grams of silver per gulden) rather than the 2.4-gulden
908:
472:
489:
443:
990:
985:
527:
413:
96:
32:
969:
938:
918:
820:
625:
596:
584:
167:
244:
is accepted at a higher rate of 3.9 livres. The rate of conversion to the new Swiss currency was 5
672:
590:
495:
872:
769:
748:
702:
637:
539:
533:
371:
357:
328:
313:
296:
171:
933:
867:
841:
791:
712:
697:
564:
386:
19:
1016:
877:
780:
720:
558:
406:
195:
805:
185:
to 9.45 grams, and in the
Southern German states by adopting a new parity of 1 gulden =
953:
923:
898:
813:
660:
163:
105:
506:
1010:
943:
882:
707:
692:
643:
631:
578:
521:
461:
862:
857:
726:
687:
681:
666:
602:
449:
279:
208:
182:
147:
100:
85:
70:
928:
619:
223:
219:
178:
344:
269:
212:
99:
in 1794 resulted in the conversion of
Kronenthalers and 6-livre écus into new
146:
This reduced-value
Belgian gulden doomed the introduction of the 9.61-gram
298:
Monnaies européennes et monnaies coloniales américaines entre 1450 et 1789
836:
55:
The kronenthaler was initially issued with the same weight as the French
155:
89:
64:
743:
429:
113:= 4.5 grams fine silver. This implies a fine silver equivalence of 26
57:
218:
The kronenthaler was also the most favorable medium of exchange in
753:
256:
159:
18:
809:
402:
84:= 26 grams of fine silver, matching the silver content of the
398:
978:
962:
891:
850:
736:
653:
612:
514:
436:
261:Kronenthaler with 3 crowns in 1797 - Franciscus II
166:) engaged in a competitive depreciation of the
31:was a silver coin first issued in 1755 in the
821:
414:
61:at around 29.5 grams, but with a value of 54
8:
181:by reducing the fine silver content of the
828:
814:
806:
421:
407:
399:
226:in 1850. French écus accepted at 4 Swiss
301:. Smithsonian Institution. p. 213.
287:
16:Silver coin of the Austrian Netherlands
211:=9.545 grams of silver as part of the
7:
230:imply a kronenthaler valuation of 4x
240:livres = 3.86 livres. Instead the
177:The situation was resolved in the
14:
904:Austrian Netherlands kronenthaler
552:Austrian Netherlands kronenthaler
152:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
37:Austrian Netherlands Kronenthaler
505:
272:
103:at the rate of 1 franc = 1.0125
254:Swiss francs per kronenthaler.
385:Suisse, Confédération (1851).
1:
356:Shaw, William Arthur (1896).
327:Shaw, William Arthur (1896).
312:Shaw, William Arthur (1896).
222:prior to the adoption of the
133:grams per kronenthaler, and 9
914:Bohemian and Moravian koruna
571:Danish West Indian rigsdaler
150:as standard currency of the
1048:
1027:Modern obsolete currencies
143:or 9.52 grams per gulden.
949:Slovak koruna (1939–1945)
762:
503:
295:Clain-Stefanelli (1978).
23:Nassau Kronenthaler, 1817
456:Danish West Indian daler
654:15th and 16th centuries
388:Feuille fédérale suisse
909:Austro-Hungarian krone
391:(in French). Stämpfli.
262:
24:
490:Greenlandic rigsdaler
444:Norwegian speciedaler
260:
22:
1032:Currencies of Europe
528:Maria Theresa thaler
213:German Customs Union
97:Southern Netherlands
33:Austrian Netherlands
970:Greenlandic koruuni
939:Liechtenstein krone
919:Czechoslovak koruna
626:North German thaler
597:Norwegian rigsdaler
585:Hesse-Kassel thaler
168:South German gulden
678:Swiss Confederacy
673:Dutch rijksdaalder
591:Mecklenburg thaler
496:Westphalian thaler
263:
25:
1004:
1003:
979:As a denomination
803:
802:
638:Swedish riksdaler
540:Hanoverian thaler
534:Conventionsthaler
172:Conventionsthaler
123:grams per écu, 25
1039:
1022:Crown (currency)
934:Hungarian korona
830:
823:
816:
807:
796:
790:
785:
779:
774:
768:
565:Danish rigsdaler
509:
423:
416:
409:
400:
393:
392:
382:
376:
375:
368:
362:
361:
353:
347:
342:
336:
335:
324:
318:
317:
309:
303:
302:
292:
282:
277:
276:
275:
253:
252:
248:
239:
238:
234:
207:
206:
202:
194:
193:
189:
142:
141:
137:
132:
131:
127:
122:
121:
117:
83:
82:
78:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1000:
974:
958:
887:
878:Norwegian krone
873:Icelandic króna
846:
834:
804:
799:
794:
788:
783:
777:
772:
766:
758:
732:
721:Stolberg thaler
649:
608:
559:Prussian thaler
510:
501:
432:
427:
397:
396:
384:
383:
379:
370:
369:
365:
355:
354:
350:
343:
339:
326:
325:
321:
311:
310:
306:
294:
293:
289:
278:
273:
271:
268:
250:
246:
245:
236:
232:
231:
204:
200:
199:
196:Prussian thaler
191:
187:
186:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
80:
76:
75:
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1045:
1043:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1009:
1008:
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
993:
988:
982:
980:
976:
975:
973:
972:
966:
964:
960:
959:
957:
956:
954:Yugoslav krone
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
924:Estonian kroon
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
899:Austrian krone
895:
893:
889:
888:
886:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
854:
852:
848:
847:
835:
833:
832:
825:
818:
810:
801:
800:
798:
797:
786:
775:
763:
760:
759:
757:
756:
751:
746:
740:
738:
734:
733:
731:
730:
724:
718:
717:
716:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
676:
670:
664:
661:Reichsguldiner
657:
655:
651:
650:
648:
647:
641:
635:
629:
623:
616:
614:
610:
609:
607:
606:
600:
594:
588:
582:
576:
575:
574:
562:
556:
555:
554:
543:
537:
531:
525:
518:
516:
512:
511:
504:
502:
500:
499:
493:
487:
486:
485:
480:
475:
470:
459:
453:
447:
440:
438:
434:
433:
428:
426:
425:
418:
411:
403:
395:
394:
377:
363:
348:
345:de:Kronentaler
337:
319:
304:
286:
285:
284:
283:
267:
264:
242:écu de Brabant
106:livre tournois
52:
49:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1044:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1012:
997:
994:
992:
991:English crown
989:
987:
986:British crown
984:
983:
981:
977:
971:
968:
967:
965:
961:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
944:Slovak koruna
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
896:
894:
890:
884:
883:Swedish krona
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
868:Faroese króna
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
855:
853:
849:
844:
843:
838:
831:
826:
824:
819:
817:
812:
811:
808:
793:
787:
782:
776:
771:
765:
764:
761:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
741:
739:
737:See also
735:
728:
725:
722:
719:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
683:
680:
679:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
658:
656:
652:
645:
644:Wechselthaler
642:
639:
636:
633:
632:Speciesthaler
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
617:
615:
611:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
579:Danzig thaler
577:
572:
569:
568:
566:
563:
560:
557:
553:
550:
549:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
522:Bremen thaler
520:
519:
517:
513:
508:
497:
494:
491:
488:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
465:
463:
462:Vereinsthaler
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
441:
439:
435:
431:
424:
419:
417:
412:
410:
405:
404:
401:
390:
389:
381:
378:
373:
367:
364:
359:
352:
349:
346:
341:
338:
333:
332:
323:
320:
315:
308:
305:
300:
299:
291:
288:
281:
270:
265:
259:
255:
243:
229:
225:
221:
216:
214:
210:
197:
184:
180:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
144:
112:
108:
107:
102:
101:French francs
98:
93:
91:
87:
73:
72:
67:
66:
60:
59:
50:
48:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
21:
996:Kronenthaler
995:
863:Danish krone
858:Czech koruna
840:
839:units named
795:}}
789:{{
784:}}
778:{{
773:}}
767:{{
727:Wendenthaler
667:Reichsthaler
613:17th century
603:Saxon thaler
546:Kronenthaler
545:
515:18th century
478:Hesse-Kassel
450:Baden thaler
437:19th century
387:
380:
366:
351:
340:
329:
322:
307:
297:
290:
280:Money portal
241:
227:
217:
209:Cologne mark
183:Dutch gulden
176:
148:Dutch Gulden
145:
110:
104:
94:
92:convention.
86:Reichsthaler
69:
62:
56:
54:
44:
40:
29:Kronenthaler
28:
26:
929:Fiume krone
851:Circulating
620:Bancothaler
567:(late 18C)
468:Mecklenburg
224:Swiss franc
220:Switzerland
179:Netherlands
164:Württemberg
47:(Italian).
1011:Categories
845:or similar
723:(late 15C)
703:St. Gallen
675:(late 16C)
599:(late 18C)
331:Well-being
266:References
109:= 0.16875
698:Solothurn
334:. Putnam.
68:) or 2.7
41:Brabanter
963:Proposed
837:Currency
770:Groschen
483:Hannover
65:stuivers
45:crocione
892:Defunct
792:Pfennig
548:(1755)
473:Prussia
464:(1857)
374:. 1840.
249:⁄
235:⁄
203:⁄
190:⁄
156:Bavaria
138:⁄
128:⁄
118:⁄
90:Leipzig
88:of the
79:⁄
51:History
1017:Thaler
781:Gulden
744:Dollar
713:Zürich
708:Valais
693:Geneva
684:(1542)
669:(1566)
663:(1559)
646:(1670)
640:(1604)
634:(1622)
628:(1690)
622:(1619)
605:(18C?)
593:(18C?)
587:(18C?)
581:(18C?)
573:(1784)
561:(1750)
542:(1754)
536:(1754)
530:(1741)
524:(1740)
498:(1807)
492:(1874)
458:(1849)
452:(1821)
446:(1816)
430:Thaler
228:livres
71:gulden
63:sols (
842:crown
754:Tolar
729:(16C)
715:(16C)
688:Berne
682:Basel
160:Baden
35:(see
749:Tālā
205:24.5
43:and
27:The
111:écu
58:écu
1013::
237:28
233:27
198:=
162:,
158:,
140:21
136:11
81:28
77:27
829:e
822:t
815:v
422:e
415:t
408:v
360:.
316:.
251:7
247:5
201:1
192:7
188:4
130:7
126:5
120:3
116:2
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