Landour - Knowledge (XXG)

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convalescent depot. Nearby Sisters Bazaar likewise referred to the nurses' dormitory at the location; nurses are still addressed as 'Sister' in the Subcontinent, from a time in the 19th century when most nurses were Anglican, Methodist or Catholic nuns. The Cantonment is also home to the well-known Landour Community Hospital, founded by American missionaries. At the time of its founding in 1931 it was one of the first good non-military hospitals in the region. It has been run by the Emmanuel Hospital Association, an indigenous Christian health and development agency, since 1981, and continues to provide affordable (or free) medical care to the people of Landour and the surrounding hills.

1270: 536:, Landour receives almost daily rainfall, often heavy. Additionally, pre- and post-monsoon showers mean a rainy season that can run from May to September, though it can be shorter. Before the rains arrive, April–May is the warmest period, with the temperatures rising to over 30 °C. (~85 °F) on hotter days. December to February is downright cold, especially if one does not receive enough direct sunlight, as on the northern slopes. It can snow anywhere between 3 and 15 times in the winter, at times heavily. In a given year Landour receives perhaps twice the snow that Mussoorie does; it also takes longer to melt especially on the north-facing slopes. 1471: 1718:, Landour had an "official" population of roughly 3,500. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Landour has an average literacy rate of 78%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 85%, and female literacy is 70%. In Landour, 8% of the population is under 6 years of age. However, these statistics do not account for the transient population of the Cantonment, which includes military personnel on study tours, or the "second home" crowd that owns many of the properties in Landour Cantonment. Nor does it account for the student population at Woodstock or the language school. 1672:

has a somewhat better record, Doordarshan and All India Radio (both state-owned, revealingly) are notorious for calmly dumping most of their garbage down the hillsides of the Cantonment. Few in Landour Bazaar seem to take the environment seriously; that is for the "rich" of the Cantonment to worry about. Woodstock School, which remains the largest landowner in Landour behind the Indian Army, has sought to be progressive on this score (e.g., by collecting used plastics from across Landour) but its efforts are more effective within and around their own large campus than elsewhere in Landour.

739:. Both had lost their spouses, and would meet and remarry in Landour (see below). His mother had moved from Meerut, where her first husband had been killed in action in 1857. Thousands of Europeans, mostly Britons, are buried in the twin towns. The Cantonment has adjacent Protestant and Catholic cemeteries, though due to overcrowding in the former, the latter has of late become non-denominational – they are managed by the same committee. In 1901, the town had a population of 1720, which climbed up to 3700 in the summers, when the heat of the Indian plains became unbearable. 1298: 630:; the hospital closed soon after 1947. Also within the ITM premises is the former Soldiers' Furlough Home, a holiday home for British and Irish soldiers and JCOs in Indian regiments who lacked the means to return to Europe regularly. Or, the holidaying soldiers were serving in British regiments on rotation in India, their tours of duty lasting anywhere from 6 to 48 months. In terms of area, Landour Cantonment comprises about two-thirds of Landour; the remainder includes Landour Bazaar, which stretches along the spur that connects to Mussoorie. 136: 147: 692:

has been no logging in Landour since in over a century, as can be seen. By definition, all non-military and non-governmental buildings built after 1924 are 'illegal'. Therefore, there are few 'modern' homes in Landour, though renovations and reconstruction of pre-existing houses are permitted. Thanks to the 1924 Act, Landour Cantonment is—unlike Landour Bazaar—largely free of the commercialization that can be seen in much of Mussoorie proper, especially along the 'main drag' of Mall Road where tourists throng in the summer.

671:, Mullingar was leased by the army to house the overflow of convalescing soldiers from the sanatorium, given the huge increase in war-related injuries. The hotel was bursting at the seams, as a number of British civilian evacuees from Burma, the Andamans, Manipur & Nagaland, which were occupied by Japanese forces, were also housed in Mullingar before being shipped out elsewhere. Mullingar finally fell into disuse after 1947 when Britons began to leave India, with the army already having vacated it after the postwar 200: 22: 156: 1849: 1322: 634: 167: 1752: 498: 1334:, it was not deforested for that very reason. It is also called Burnt Hill, referring to the unusual number of lightning strikes it has taken over the years, which has given rise to local superstitions and also helped keep it free of humans. The hill remains a popular hiking spot for the local boarding schools, but not having motorable roads is blessedly free of "tourism". Due north of Landour, 16 km (9.9 mi) away as the crow flies is 233: 1763: 1346:

hundred hotels at various price points, though). There were never any entertainments in Landour – all the Raj-era theaters, cinemas, dance halls, skating rinks and public gardens were in Mussoorie. Accordingly, the decibel level was – and is – markedly lower (thanks to the military's zoning rules) than in Mussoorie, where it is ever-rising thanks to the explosion in middle-class tourism.

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Landour Bazaar only goes up by perhaps 1,000, given the paucity of hotels. But the summertime population of the Cantonment goes up by only 500, if that; there is no place for outsiders to stay. Indeed, the weekend population of Mussoorie proper too now spurts—year-round—to near-summertime levels, given the improvements in India's highways and the ever-rising numbers of private cars.

1664:) was the answer, as even a casual observer can still see, except in the Cantonment, thanks to the 1924 Act (see above). Many reforestation initiatives began in various hill stations in the late 19th century, thanks to some enlightened Raj administrators, but not in Mussoorie. Of late, the Indian Army has done yeoman service via its 'Eco-Battalions' in terms of re-forestation. 1685: 306: 240: 207: 506: 528:. On average, Landour is about 984 ft (300 m) above Mussoorie, which itself is mostly at an altitude of 6,800 to 7,798 ft (2,073 to 2,377 m). The town lies largely on an east–west ridge, with a prominent southerly spur connecting its western end to Mussoorie. The altitude differential, aided by Landour being partly 715:(from whom the region was seized by the British) had no residence in Landour, though the family later did acquire some properties from Britons who sold out. These racial barriers, while quite real were more informal than formal; they began to weaken after World War I as the Indian freedom movement gained steam. The author 691:

further clarified the rights of the property owners; new construction of any kind, especially of private homes, was virtually banned. Conservation was also a key goal, given the excesses of the 19th century (see below); the Act clearly states that title to all trees remains with the army, hence there

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A prominent local landmark was the Clock Tower at the start of Landour Bazaar. It was of little architectural merit, but informally marked the boundary between Landour and Mussoorie (others say it is the former Picture Palace movie theater a bit lower down). Demolished in 2011, the tower is expected

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There are no commercial hotels in Landour Cantonment, and only a handful of rudimentary, quasi-legal "guest houses". Landour Bazaar has fewer than 10 equally rudimentary hotels, none of which would merit a single star, with all of them together having perhaps 125 rooms. (Mussoorie proper has over a

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Among natural features in the area, the local peaks are the most prominent. ('Tibba' is a local word for hill/peak). Other than "Old" Lal Tibba and Landour hill themselves (which lie within the Cantonment), there is the hunched, heavily forested Pari Tibba (also called Fairy Hill or Witches' Hill),

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by train or bus, a switch at Dehradun is needed. Buses and taxis, and even "shared taxis", are easily available. There are also direct buses from New Delhi, and one can easily negotiate with taxis at any of New Delhi's railway stations or at the Delhi airport. One can also fly from Delhi in just 40

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The year-round population of the Cantonment is under 1,200, and if you include Landour Bazaar it is under 4,000. The summertime population of Mussoorie triples to perhaps 90,000 with the influx of budget tourists (and hotel staff, shopkeepers, tradesmen etc. to service them), but the population of

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refuse. While there have been some steps by the citizenry (without much help from the authorities) to combat this, it remains a challenge. Much refuse is just dumped down hillsides by many locals—langurs, macaques, civets, stray dogs and other animals forage these open dumps. While the Indian Army

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which is under the control of the Ministry of Defence. The Station Commander of the Cantonment is the ex-officio president of the board, and an officer of the IDES or Defence Estates Organisation is the chief executive officer who is also the member-secretary of the board. The President of Landour

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edition: 1938; informal stencil copies since c. 1900) though the Landour Community Center—once the locus of Anglo-American community life—is itself moribund. A half-dozen bakers in Landour still offer various breads, cookies/biscuits and cakes from 'The Cookbook', though with the rise of packaged

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families also put down roots in Landour, and in Barlowganj just below Mussoorie, in the 19th century. They were attracted in part by the schools, and by the sense of 'otherness' versus quotidian India. A handful remain, most having emigrated after 1947, but the few who remain (most are in their

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The legal distinction between Mussoorie and Landour did not arise until the 1860s, when after the historic events of 1857 cantonments were properly surveyed and formalized. In particular, control of the ridge-lines and water sources was crucial, given rising British anxieties over their grip on

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had already been wiped out by the British in the 19th century. Unsurprising, given the British penchant for 'blood sport', especially among the soldiery. After all, Mussoorie was first 'discovered' by Captain Young on a shooting expedition from his garrison in Dehradun. The ecology of the area

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hill, at over 7,700 ft. the highest point in all of Mussoorie-Landour. The transmitters are mounted on Landour's answer to Paris, an Eiffel-inspired orange-and-white tower that is the most recognizable feature in all of Landour. Lal Tibba was also known as Depot Hill, referring to the

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The ethnic mix of Landour has changed dramatically since 1947, and since the 1970s–1980s due to the departure of most missionaries, and also via the recent Indian economic boom. Many of the shopkeepers and small-business owners of Landour Bazaar and the Cantonment are descended from

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and other tree species. Landour's north-facing slopes have more deodar and fir than other species; the south-facing slopes have more oak than other species. Pines are at lower elevations than deodar and fir, true to form. Among introduced species, the adaptable

473:. During the Raj, it was common to give nostalgic English, Scottish, Welsh or Irish names to one's home (or even to British-founded towns), reflecting one's ethnicity. Names drawn from literary works were also common, as from those by 1652:

and other impressive species (all are now locally extinct) were well represented in Mussoorie-Landour before British colonization; 19th-century writings by British hunters boast of the countless trophies they collected in the area.

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children since the mid-19th century. (Hint: "Orphanage" was often a Raj-era euphemism for a school for illegitimate mixed-race children). Also, there were many missionary-run schools, of which the most well-known was (and remains)

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Aside from the obvious British legacy, Landour has a thick vein of Americana too, with American missionaries having had a strong footing in the town since the 1830s, when the policy changes introduced by the English administrator

1915:, seen as the "first Australian novelist". Lang's 1864 grave was rediscovered by Ruskin Bond in Camel's Back Cemetery in Mussoorie and was restored by the Australian High Commission in Delhi (which also has a bolthole nearby). 734:

Indeed, the events of 1857 led to a spurt in the European population of Mussoorie-Landour, with many families leaving the 'exposed' towns of the Gangetic Plain. Among the Britons who thus moved to Landour were the parents of

726:, wrote incisively about the biting racism of Britons towards all Indians (except Maharajas, whose over-the-top hospitality they craved), after spending much time in Landour, Shimla and Ooty in the late 1830s. Many 656:" (hinting at his Irish blood), was the family home during the hot summers in the plains. Young's Dehradun-based battalion, then called the Sirmour (or Sirmoor) Rifles, was initially raised in a Gurkha POW camp in 699:

were encouraged to build grand summer homes, but were directed towards Mussoorie. Among them were the ruling families of Kapurthala, Nabha, Alwar, Jind, Baroda, Kasmanda, Katesar, Kuchesar and other

703:. And this despite Maharajas being hand-in-glove with the Raj in terms of ruling the Indian masses; the former, who remained nominally 'autonomous', legitimized the rule of the latter. Tellingly, 1305:

There are under 100 detached private homes in the Cantonment, and under 200 buildings overall. The non-residential buildings belong to either the military, or to the state-owned broadcasters

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too was in the town in quasi-exile at various times in the early 20th century as Raj officials engaged in their customary machinations of map-drawing and re-drawing across the Subcontinent.

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foods and the departure of most missionaries, the bakeries are a pale shadow of their former selves. Landour was also one of the first places in India where an American classic such as

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church in Landour Bazaar fell into disuse after the Raj ended and was eventually seized by squatters for commercial purposes by way of 'kabza'. The fourth church is the once-Anglican

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Racially, Landour was distinctly more European than Mussoorie. It was no accident. First, the army presence (albeit non-regimental) offered an excuse to 'keep out' Indians. Second,

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in Sirmour District – hence the name. The huge L-shaped building, with an outsized courtyard inside the bend of the "L", sits prominently atop Mullingar Hill in Landour Cantonment.

2248: 607:, which stretched from Burma to the Khyber Pass; accordingly, early accounts show Landour as part of "Bengal", which was technically true though the description was incomplete. 2794: 1342:, itself the next-northerly of the five folds of the Himalaya. To the east of Landour are Tope Tibba and the oddly shaped Pepperpot mountain; both are hiking destinations. 2688: 1277:

Like Mussoorie and Dehradun, Landour has long been a center of secondary education. The towns have had several schools and "orphanages" for both European and mixed-race

626:; it is at the eastern end of the Landour ridge. In the early 20th century, a full British Military Hospital (BMH) was opened, with a medical staff that specialized in 1290:, St. George's School, Mussoorie Public School, Waverley Convent (now CJM) and Vincent Hill (now Guru Nanak 5th Centenary School) are in Mussoorie, not Landour. The 1261:

Cantonment Board is Brig. SN Singh while the CEO is Shri Abhishek Rathour, IDES. Councillors, or representatives of citizens, are elected from 6 wards in Landour.

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of 1945–46. The building soon fell into disrepair, occupied largely if not entirely by squatters (see below). A number of the families now living in Mullingar are

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Deforestation itself dates from British times. There was also an early myth that "Indian forests are full of germs, which European constitutions cannot take";

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Birdlife is outstanding in its breadth of species; over 350 species may comfortably be seen at various elevations over the course of the year, including both

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transit the area from time to time; their prey are mainly dogs, including strays from Landour-Mussoorie and the neighboring villages. Also present are some

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in administrative, political or military terms, there are few 'grand official buildings' to speak of. The private homes are largely the common Raj-era

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built in Landour. (The only 'exception' was The Castle, see below, but it was built by the British as a quasi-prison). Even the ruling family of

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min to Jolly Grant Airport east of Dehradun, which saves a lot of time, but it takes another 90 minutes to drive up to Landour from the airport.

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merchants who came from far afield in the 19th century—as far away as Gujarat and Bombay—to service the then-growing Anglo-American community.

3029: 3014: 2714: 2461: 667:(see below). Mullingar was expanded, changed hands several times and by the early 20th century had become the Mullingar Estate Hotel. During 2062: 199: 2857: 2362: 1269: 1619:

has severely reduced the numbers of the larger wild mammals, though the habitat itself could support larger populations. Of course, most

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has a house in Landour and is the next door neighbour to Ruskin Bond. Another famous resident of this quaint town is the Indian actor

268: 2632: 2615: 2558: 1960: 1496:, with a wide vista of up to 200 km (120 mi) visible on a clear day. The visible massifs and peaks include (West to East) 600: 91: 1726:

Architecturally speaking, Landour is akin to other Raj-era hill stations of Northern India. Since Mussoorie-Landour never rivalled

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lurking due south of Woodstock School and due east of Wynberg-Allen School. Once a private hunting estate of the ruling family of

2847: 2683: 2584: 2512: 1840:, and now is disuse and occupied by squatters apparently with the 'permission' of the church committee; it is atop Landour hill. 2678: 318: 2201:

https://web.archive.org/web/20200215220604/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Normals%20%281971-2000%29.pdf

532:-facing, has a marked effect on the temperature, which can be 2–3 °C (36–37 °F) lower than in Mussoorie. During the 3019: 2662: 2482: 2522: 3024: 2652: 1817: 185: 1383:

worthwhile. Nowadays, many young Americans on gap years or on exchange programs spend time learning Hindi at the popular

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was made commercially; Plausibly, a number of houses in Landour have American (rather than British) names, among them

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India. The defensibility of garrisons was critical, especially in hill stations with large European populations. The

67: 43: 2637: 1946:. Landour has, in large part, survived "untouched" thanks to the military presence and also due to its small size. 1338:('Serpent's Peak'), at 3,022 m (9,915 ft) the highest peak in the local region. It lends its name to the 644:

The first permanent building in all of Mussoorie-Landour was also built in Landour in 1825. The house was built by

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of Trotter-Nama fame, down in the valley in Dehradun. And finally, Landour was the unlikely birthplace in 1918 of

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in northern India. Mussoorie-Landour was widely known as the "Queen of the Hills". The name Landour is drawn from

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About the only "architecturally significant" building was The Castle on the aptly named Castle Hill, now part of

2842: 2837: 2088: 1927: 1297: 571:(not to be confused with the town and district of the same name in Himachal Pradesh). And to the West lie the 1384: 688: 2983: 2968: 2553: 2537: 2365: 1935: 1376: 1789:, was often "kept" for convalescent purposes between 1849 and 1853. (The Castle was heavily modified in an 618:

was built in Landour, the town was a convalescent station for the military, and hence much of Landour is a

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Landour also has an outsized presence on the cultural map of India, its most famous resident being the

1848: 36: 2748: 2620: 2323:"Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)" 1923: 1884:" author, is often in town for long stretches. Stephen's father Rev. Bob Alter had been principal of 1629: 1464: 1412:

Landour is for the most part (unlike largely deforested Mussoorie) carpeted by old-growth forests of

1339: 1287: 1196: 383: 2326: 2042: 2927: 2887: 2753: 2527: 1809: 622:. The original sanatorium is now occupied by the Institute of Technology Management ("ITM") of the 611: 568: 391: 60: 2978: 2789: 2574: 2456: 2386: 2350: 1939: 1912: 1745: 1429: 652:(or Gorkha) battalion raised by the British after prevailing in the Gurkha War. Young's house, " 1314: 633: 603:. The United Provinces themselves were carved out of the former Northwest Province of the vast 2758: 2412: 2176: 1956: 1812:

in style. Of the four, two remain very much in use: Kellogg Church (built 1903, once American

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manner over the decades, rendering it unrecognizable as compared to early photographs). The

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to be rebuilt sometime in the future, having been delayed by local political wrangling.

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escaped to Tibet during World War II after breaking out of a British internment camp in

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Birding in the Doon Valley, by Nikhil Devasar, S.B. Dutta & Santanu Sarkar (2012).

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prompted the rapid growth of American missions across India, particularly those of the

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are among the more charismatic species that can be easily seen. As for wild mammals,

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All the Way to Heaven: An American Boyhood in the Himalaya, by Stephen Alter (1998).

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is about 70 miles (110 km) away as the crow flies; it is through Landour that

1497: 1474: 1437: 1360: 1278: 727: 668: 657: 576: 572: 482: 474: 458: 2222:. India Meteorological Department. October 2011. pp. 533–534. Archived from 2963: 2922: 1931: 1919: 1893: 1889: 1861: 1825: 1816:, now non-denominational, and also home to the Landour Language School) and the 1798: 1637: 1501: 1478: 1447: 1306: 1291: 736: 462: 454: 450: 323: 177: 2294: 2942: 2902: 2378: 2254:. India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M227. Archived from 2022: 1943: 1828:'s parents, Christopher and Mary Corbett, married on 13 October 1859. A third 1596: 1584: 1525: 1368: 716: 664: 619: 615: 453:

in India. The twin towns of Mussoorie and Landour, together, are a well-known

438: 2180: 283: 270: 2973: 2947: 2932: 2917: 1873: 1865: 1829: 1732: 1693: 1684: 1521: 1517: 1505: 1425: 1421: 1335: 653: 637: 564: 548: 540: 519: 442: 379: 374: 181: 2169:"What makes Landour so special? Old world charm, famous residents and more" 1872:

graduate, was a part-year resident, spending the remainder of his time in

648:, the "discoverer" of Mussoorie, who was also the Commandant of the first 2877: 2435: 2249:"Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" 1837: 1821: 1783: 1737: 1616: 1560: 1537: 1513: 1493: 1482: 1441: 696: 580: 525: 446: 2156:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 162. 2113: 1994:

Raj: The Making and Unmaking of British India, by Lawrence James (2000).

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Among distinguished house guests at Mullingar in the early decades were

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Mussoorie & Landour: Days of Wine and Roses, by Ruskin Bond (1992).

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Touching Upon the Himalaya, by Bill Aitken & Geeta Kapadia (2004).

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would be founded in America, after his murder in China at the hand of

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Climate data for Landour, Mussoorie (1971-2000, extremes 1901-1987)

1900:, also maintain a second home in Landour. The Hindi film director 1847: 1761: 1750: 1683: 1641: 1625: 1592: 1580: 1548: 1529: 1469: 1433: 1320: 1296: 1268: 680: 632: 560: 529: 504: 496: 470: 363: 311: 2043:

http://www.whereincity.com/india/pincode/uttarakhand/dehradun.htm

1955:

Landour Days: A Writer's Journal by Ruskin Bond. Penguin, 2002.

1897: 1794: 1649: 1375:) were educated at Woodstock School and/or born in Landour (see 623: 2408: 1808:

Landour has four Raj-era churches, two of them distinctly Indo-

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Landour was home in the 1850s and 1860s to the multi-talented

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Since Landour is a cantonment town, it is administered by the

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The Great Hill Stations of Asia, by Barbara Crossette (1999).

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If one travels the 290 km (180 mi) to Landour from

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Memsahibs: The Women of Victorian India, by Pat Barr (1976).

1463:) too are seen. A logging ban has long been in place in the 2404: 1988:

Magic Mountains: Hill Stations and the British Raj (1996).

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Hill Resorts of the U.P. Himalaya, by Nutan Tyagi (1991).

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who call Mussoorie (but not Landour) home are the writer

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around Landour, and the ban is reasonably well enforced.

1379:, below). Of late, their descendants have been deeming a 54:

and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as

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Landour Community Hospital, originally established 1931

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Mussoorie: Jewel of the Hills, by Ruskin Bond (1996).

1938:, in whose name the controversial arch-conservative 445:, is about 35 km (22 mi) from the city of 2956: 2870: 2830: 2814: 2807: 2777: 2731: 2707: 2689:

Uttaranchal Dental & Medical Research Institute

2593: 2567: 2546: 2470: 2449: 2442: 2213:"Station: Mussoorie Climatological Table 1971–2000" 683:celebrations are held in the courtyard every year. 417: 412: 402: 390: 373: 359: 354: 346: 341: 329: 317: 299: 111: 2000:Footloose in the Himalayas, by Bill Aitken (2003). 1294:also runs a primary school in Landour Cantonment. 679:. Prayer flags flutter in the wind every day, and 1969:Hill Stations of India, by Gillian Wright (1991). 731:golden years) are treasure troves of local lore. 1824:, now non-denominational) in Char Dukan, where 524:, the second of the five parallel folds of the 1273:A view of the valley from Landour, Uttarakhand 2420: 1852:Kellogg Memorial Church, Landour, built 1903. 8: 2648:Indian Institute of Aeronautical Engineering 2325:. Census Commission of India. Archived from 1926:and the husband-wife travel-writing team of 35:, which are uninformative and vulnerable to 2309:"Landour, Uttarakhand | Writer on the hill" 1966:Resorts of the Raj, by Vikram Bhatt (1998). 610:Landour was initially built by and for the 50:and maintains a consistent citation style. 2811: 2795:Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium 2774: 2704: 2679:University of Petroleum and Energy Studies 2446: 2427: 2413: 2405: 742: 108: 2493:Ecole Globale International Girls' School 1888:in the 1970s and 1980s. The media moguls 1587:. Among smaller mammals, yellow-throated 92:Learn how and when to remove this message 547:East of Landour lie the small hamlet of 2035: 2006:Stones of Empire, by Jan Morris (1995). 1766:Castle Hill and The Castle, Landour by 1744:England and of the resort towns of the 1615:are as present in Landour as anywhere. 411: 389: 372: 353: 340: 298: 263: 191: 127: 2136: 2134: 2055:"Man on the mountain - Times of India" 3010:Cities and towns in Dehradun district 2715:Luther W. New Jr. Theological College 2462:Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy 2389:from the original on 21 December 2021 2012:Knowing Dil Das, by Joe Alter (1999). 2009:India Unveiled, by Bob Arnett (2006). 1489:Landour offers striking views of the 401: 358: 345: 328: 316: 7: 3035:1827 establishments in British India 2379:"Walk the Talk with Vishal Bhardwaj" 2114:"History – LANDOUR CANTONMENT BOARD" 2059:articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com 1876:. His cousin Stephen Alter, also a 1547:species and migratory species from 42:Please consider converting them to 2658:Indian Institute of Remote Sensing 1583:(goat-antelope) and the secretive 1367:churches. Generations of American 1313:, who have repeater stations atop 184:View; Landour Community Hospital; 14: 2633:Himalayan Institute of Technology 2559:Rashtriya Indian Military College 1782:of Punjab, the son of the iconic 1559:. Quite a few endemic species of 2684:Uttarakhand Technical University 2606:Dev Bhoomi Group of Institutions 2220:Climatological Normals 1971–2000 513:Landour is located in the Lower 304: 238: 231: 205: 198: 165: 154: 145: 134: 20: 1868:, himself Landour-raised and a 1748:. Many have well-kept gardens. 239: 206: 2663:Kelvin Institute of Technology 2483:Colonel Brown Cambridge School 219:Location in Uttarakhand, India 46:to ensure the article remains 1: 2653:Indian Institute of Petroleum 2513:St Joseph's Academy, Dehradun 1981:Plain Tales from the Raj, by 1778:, where the deposed boy-king 1758:literally Four Shops, Landour 1603:are seen, and the occasional 1075:Average rainfall mm (inches) 3030:Cantonments of British India 3015:Hill stations in Uttarakhand 2508:SelaQui International School 1714:According to the 2001 India 1667:Another local menace is non- 587:bordering Himachal Pradesh. 2699:Wildlife Institute of India 2523:Tula's International School 935:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 865:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 3051: 2368:, Calcutta, 23 April 2005. 1243: 745: 186:St. Paul's Church, Landour 106:Town in Uttarakhand, India 2785:Abhimanyu Cricket Academy 2764:Guru Ram Rai Darbar Sahib 2616:Forest Research Institute 1520:, Satopanth, Chaukhamba ( 1350:Americana in the Himalaya 1188: 1144: 1074: 1004: 934: 864: 794: 789: 786: 783: 780: 777: 774: 771: 768: 765: 762: 759: 756: 753: 750: 555:temple; further east are 449:in the northern state of 428: 264: 192: 176:From top, left to right: 128: 121: 1928:Hugh and Colleen Gantzer 1688:The Himalayas from near 1528:. At its closest point, 2554:Indian Military Academy 2153:Encyclopædia Britannica 2025:, by Stan Brush (2002). 1408:Ecology and environment 1385:Landour Language School 707:princely residence was 689:Cantonments Act of 1924 646:Captain Frederick Young 579:, the military town of 222:Show map of Uttarakhand 2708:Religious Universities 2694:Uttaranchal University 2628:Himgiri Zee University 1853: 1771: 1759: 1696: 1486: 1326: 1302: 1274: 641: 563:(now submerged by the 510: 502: 487:Robert Louis Stevenson 180:from Landour; Landour 3020:Geography of Dehradun 2744:Mindrolling Monastery 2643:IMS Unison University 1851: 1765: 1754: 1687: 1621:charismatic megafauna 1473: 1324: 1300: 1272: 636: 508: 500: 441:town contiguous with 360: • Official 3025:Cantonments of India 2858:Yog Nagari Rishikesh 2621:FRI and College Area 2538:Welham Girls' School 2118:landour.cantt.gov.in 1930:. And then there is 1630:Himalayan black bear 1288:Wynberg Allen School 1252:Civic administration 795:Record high °C (°F) 493:Location and climate 404:Vehicle registration 2888:Dehradun Cantonment 2754:Rashtrapati Ashiana 2585:St. Thomas' College 2533:Welham Boys' School 2528:Unison World School 2229:on 15 February 2020 2167:Rongmei, Precious. 2065:on 24 December 2012 1864:. Another thespian 1624:clearly shows that 1145:Average rainy days 1005:Record low °C (°F) 614:. From 1827 when a 612:British Indian Army 280: / 2790:Doon School Ground 2667:Quantum University 2575:Brightlands School 2457:Doon Sarla Academy 2363:Haven in the hills 2351:The Economic Times 2261:on 5 February 2020 2173:The Times of India 1940:John Birch Society 1854: 1834:St. Peter's Church 1820:(built 1840, once 1772: 1760: 1746:Scottish Highlands 1697: 1692:in Landour, upper 1487: 1440:, Himalayan manna 1430:West Himalayan fir 1373:Third Culture Kids 1327: 1303: 1275: 642: 640:and Landour, 1860s 595:Landour is within 583:and the region of 511: 503: 347: • Total 2997: 2996: 2866: 2865: 2803: 2802: 2759:Tapkeshwar Temple 2727: 2726: 2723: 2722: 2503:The Royal College 2089:"Mussoorie blues" 2085:Jalil, Rakhshanda 1818:St. Paul's Church 1455:) does well, and 1416:cedar, Himalayan 1265:A few local facts 1248: 1247: 1191:relative humidity 628:tropical diseases 605:Bengal Presidency 597:Dehradun District 489:and many others. 432: 431: 255:Show map of India 102: 101: 94: 52:Several templates 3042: 2871:Cities and Towns 2848:Raiwala Junction 2831:Railway Stations 2822:Dehradun Airport 2812: 2775: 2705: 2674:Tula’s Institute 2638:ICFAI University 2547:Military Schools 2518:The Asian School 2478:The Aryan School 2471:Boarding Schools 2447: 2429: 2422: 2415: 2406: 2399: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2375: 2369: 2360: 2354: 2345: 2339: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2319: 2313: 2312: 2305: 2299: 2298: 2291: 2285: 2284: 2277: 2271: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2260: 2253: 2245: 2239: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2228: 2217: 2209: 2203: 2198: 2192: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2164: 2158: 2157: 2149: 2138: 2129: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2110: 2104: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2087:(14 July 2012). 2081: 2075: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2061:. Archived from 2051: 2045: 2040: 1870:Woodstock School 1599:, and Himalayan 1465:reserved forests 1398:Aloha, Hollywood 1284:Woodstock School 1258:cantonment board 1200: 743: 721:Governor-General 719:, sister of the 601:United Provinces 515:Western Himalaya 479:Sir Walter Scott 424: 421: 419: 310: 308: 307: 295: 294: 292: 291: 290: 285: 281: 278: 277: 276: 273: 256: 242: 241: 235: 223: 209: 208: 202: 169: 158: 149: 138: 109: 97: 90: 86: 83: 77: 75: 64: 24: 23: 16: 3050: 3049: 3045: 3044: 3043: 3041: 3040: 3039: 3000: 2999: 2998: 2993: 2952: 2862: 2826: 2799: 2773: 2769:Dehradun canals 2719: 2703: 2611:Doon University 2589: 2568:Private Schools 2563: 2542: 2498:Marshall School 2488:The Doon School 2466: 2438: 2433: 2403: 2402: 2392: 2390: 2377: 2376: 2372: 2361: 2357: 2353:, 9 March 2008. 2348:Landour Candour 2346: 2342: 2332: 2330: 2329:on 16 June 2004 2321: 2320: 2316: 2307: 2306: 2302: 2293: 2292: 2288: 2279: 2278: 2274: 2264: 2262: 2258: 2251: 2247: 2246: 2242: 2232: 2230: 2226: 2215: 2211: 2210: 2206: 2199: 2195: 2185: 2183: 2166: 2165: 2161: 2147:"Landour" 2140: 2139: 2132: 2122: 2120: 2112: 2111: 2107: 2097: 2095: 2083: 2082: 2078: 2068: 2066: 2053: 2052: 2048: 2041: 2037: 2032: 1952: 1906:Victor Banerjee 1902:Vishal Bhardwaj 1846: 1776:Survey of India 1724: 1712: 1678: 1609:rhesus macaques 1605:flying squirrel 1534:Heinrich Harrer 1410: 1352: 1340:Nag Tibba Range 1311:All India Radio 1267: 1254: 1249: 1194: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 999: 994: 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 929: 924: 919: 914: 909: 904: 899: 894: 889: 884: 879: 874: 869: 859: 854: 849: 844: 839: 834: 829: 824: 819: 814: 809: 804: 799: 701:princely states 593: 495: 467:Carmarthenshire 465:, a village in 416: 398: 305: 303: 288: 286: 284:30.47°N 78.10°E 282: 279: 274: 271: 269: 267: 266: 260: 259: 258: 257: 254: 253: 252:Landour (India) 250: 249: 248: 247: 243: 226: 225: 224: 221: 220: 217: 216: 215: 214: 210: 188: 174: 173: 172: 171: 170: 161: 160: 159: 151: 150: 141: 140: 139: 124: 117: 114: 107: 98: 87: 81: 78: 66: 55: 41: 25: 21: 12: 11: 5: 3048: 3046: 3038: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3002: 3001: 2995: 2994: 2992: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2960: 2958: 2954: 2953: 2951: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2874: 2872: 2868: 2867: 2864: 2863: 2861: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2834: 2832: 2828: 2827: 2825: 2824: 2818: 2816: 2809: 2808:Transportation 2805: 2804: 2801: 2800: 2798: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2781: 2779: 2772: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2735: 2733: 2729: 2728: 2725: 2724: 2721: 2720: 2718: 2717: 2711: 2709: 2702: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2624: 2623: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2601:DIT University 2597: 2595: 2591: 2590: 2588: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2571: 2569: 2565: 2564: 2562: 2561: 2556: 2550: 2548: 2544: 2543: 2541: 2540: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2500: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2474: 2472: 2468: 2467: 2465: 2464: 2459: 2453: 2451: 2444: 2440: 2439: 2434: 2432: 2431: 2424: 2417: 2409: 2401: 2400: 2370: 2355: 2340: 2314: 2300: 2286: 2272: 2240: 2204: 2193: 2159: 2144:, ed. (1911). 2142:Chisholm, Hugh 2130: 2105: 2076: 2046: 2034: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2027: 2026: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1951: 1948: 1896:, founders of 1882:Indo-nostalgic 1845: 1842: 1723: 1720: 1711: 1708: 1677: 1674: 1646:Himalayan tahr 1485:, from Landour 1457:Oriental plane 1409: 1406: 1371:children (see 1351: 1348: 1325:Sisters Bazaar 1266: 1263: 1253: 1250: 1246: 1245: 1241: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1186: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1142: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1072: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1002: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 976: 971: 966: 961: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 932: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 862: 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 836: 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2452: 2448: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2430: 2425: 2423: 2418: 2416: 2411: 2410: 2407: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2374: 2371: 2367: 2366:The Telegraph 2364: 2359: 2356: 2352: 2349: 2344: 2341: 2328: 2324: 2318: 2315: 2310: 2304: 2301: 2296: 2290: 2287: 2282: 2276: 2273: 2257: 2250: 2244: 2241: 2225: 2221: 2214: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2197: 2194: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2163: 2160: 2155: 2154: 2148: 2143: 2137: 2135: 2131: 2119: 2115: 2109: 2106: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2080: 2077: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2039: 2036: 2029: 2024: 2021:Farewell the 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1983:Charles Allen 1980: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1961:0-670-91170-4 1958: 1954: 1953: 1949: 1947: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1916: 1914: 1909: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1880:alum and an " 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1850: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1806: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1785: 1781: 1777: 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