137:
265:, especially from the early 1st century BC, as a way to reward Roman army veterans created smaller landholdings, which would then be acquired by large landowners in times of economic distress. Such consolidation into fewer hands, mainly patricians, was not universally approved of, but efforts to reverse the trend by
362:(died AD 79) as he travelled, seeing only slaves working the land, not the sturdy Roman farmers who had been the backbone of the Republic's army. His writings can be seen as a part of the "conservative" reaction to the profit-oriented new attitudes of the upper classes of the Early Empire. He argued that the
373:
As small farms were bought up by the wealthy with their vast supply of slaves, the newly landless peasantry moved to the city of Rome, where they became dependent on state subsidies. Free peasants did not completely disappear; many became tenants on estates that were worked in two ways: partly
650:
occurs but once (in Pliny's
Natural History 13.92, with the meaning "estate", suggesting to Anton J.L. van Hooff an undefined, colloquial deprecating term, rather than a description of a particular type of farm. To the linguistic evidence presented by K.D. White,
324:
and productivity, and senator owners did not pay land taxes. Owners re-invested their profits by purchasing smaller neighbouring farms, since smaller farms had lower productivity and could not compete, in an ancient precursor of
269:
were generally unsuccessful. Later in the Empire, as leases were inherited, ownership of the former common lands became established by tradition, and the leases became taxable. Ownership of land, organised in the
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class as it was their only acceptable source of wealth., though they would set up their freedmen as merchant traders and participate as silent partners in businesses from which senators were disqualified.
728:
A. Carandini, Il latifondo in epoca romana, fra Italia e province, in Du
Latifundium au latifondo, Un héritage de Rome, une creation médiévale ou modèrne, Actes de la table ronde (Bordeaux 1992), Paris,
255:(state-owned land) that accumulated from the spoils of war, confiscated from conquered peoples beginning in the 3rd century BC. As much as a third of the arable land of a new province was taken for
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and then divided up with at least the fiction of a competitive auction for leased estates rather than outright ownership. Later, the practice of establishing agricultural
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469:
123:), in their empires. The forced recruitment of local labourers allowed by colonial law made these land grants particularly lucrative for their owners.
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went into crisis between the 1st and 2nd century as the supply of slaves dwindled due to lack of new conquests. Nevertheless, by the 2nd century AD,
370:, which may be a piece of rhetorical exaggeration as the North African cities were filled with flourishing landowners who filled the town councils.
445:
of Muslim territories provided the
Christian kingdom with sudden extensions of land, which the kings ceded as rewards to nobility, mercenaries and
775:
Laura
Tedeschi. Ville romane tardoantiche della regione Marche, Master's thesis submitted to obtain the degree of Master in Archeology 2013–2014.
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dominated the island from medieval times. They were only abolished by sweeping land reform mandating smaller farms in 1950–1962, funded from the
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and wine. Nevertheless, Rome had to import grain (in the
Republican period, from Sicily and North Africa; in the Imperial era, from Egypt).
291:, including an often luxurious owner's residence, and operation of the farm relied on a large number of slaves, sometimes kept in an
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446:
220:
461:. The gifts finished the traditional small private ownership of land, eliminating a social class that had also been typical of the
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had ruined Italy and would ruin the Roman provinces as well. He reported that at one point, just six owners possessed half of the
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Pierre Grimal, La Vie à Rome dans l'Antiquité, in Que sais-je ?, n° 596, 10ª ed., Presses universitaires de France, 1994.
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were the closest approximation to industrialised agriculture in antiquity, and their economics depended upon
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495:, landless peasants who are hired by the latifundists as "day workers" for specific seasonal campaigns. The
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88:
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specialising in agriculture destined for sale: grain, olive oil, or wine. They were characteristic of
882:
877:
669:,1 (1st Quarter 1982:126-128), and found that two were "in a neutral, almost technical way" (p. 128).
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In the
Iberian peninsula, the possessions of the Church did not pass to private ownership until the
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608: – A concept in the social sciences describing the civil organization of latin america
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I. The Slave
Economy, Book Two: Society In The Roman Empire, Foundations of Christianity.
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Very extensive parcel of privately owned land both in antique Rome and in modern days
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directly controlled by the owner and worked by slaves and partly leased to tenants.
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275:
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507:. Still today, among the main Andalusian trade unions is the Rural Workers Union (
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had replaced many small and medium-sized farms in some areas of the Roman Empire.
856:
817:
Recherches sur les agronomes latins et leurs conceptions Ă©conomiques et sociales
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https://www.academia.edu/19881526/Ville_romane_tardoantiche_della_regione_Marche
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in Roman texts, Van Hooff added five more instances in "Some More
Latifundia"
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quickly started economic consolidation as larger estates achieved greater
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859:. Hunter College Department of Economics Working Papers with number 02/1.
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453:, which had been first established as the commercial olive oil and grain
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Dr
Frithjof Kuhnen, (University of Göttingen), "Latifundia (Hacienda)"
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297:. They produced agricultural products for sale and profit such as
37:
130:
591: – Town whose workforce's main occupation is agriculture
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Jonathan
Conning (Hunter College), "Latifundia economics"
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The Roman Countryside (Duckworth Debates in Archaeology)
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Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
335:
also expanded with conquest, to the Roman provinces of
484:, which proceeded in pulses through the 19th century.
48:, "farm", "estate") was originally the term used by
658:), who found only seven instances of the rare word
161:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
841:The Technological Inferiority of the Slave Economy
757:, 13.92, 17.192, 18.17, 18.35, 18.261 and 18.296.
847:Published in English: Russell and Russell, 1953.
653:Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies
614: – Agricultural estate growing cash crops
685:. L'Erma di Bretschneider. pp. 333–336.
597: – Spanish labour system in its colonies
8:
822:John Paul Russo, "The Sicilian Latifundia",
788:John Paul Russo, "The Sicilian Latifundia",
103:for similar extensive land grants, known as
606:Latifundio–minifundio land tenure structure
470:ecclesiastical confiscations of Mendizábal
664:Historia: Zeitschrift fĂĽr Alte Geschichte
221:Learn how and when to remove this message
491:are still populated by an underclass of
480:), the "secularization" of church-owned
826:March 1999, Vol. 17 Issue 1, pp. 40–57.
795:March 1999, Vol. 17 Issue 1, pp. 40–57.
639:
626: – Former private estate in Mexico
91:, the word was borrowed in Portuguese
511:), a far-left group famous for their
7:
159:adding citations to reliable sources
499:class has been fertile ground for
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679:Marina, De Franceschini (2005).
620: – Byzantine revenue system
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146:needs additional citations for
766:Pliny Natural History 18.7.35.
241:(the south of Italy including
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377:The production system of the
747:Pliny's six occurrences of
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401:to support his short-lived
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624:Sánchez Navarro latifundio
509:Sindicato Obrero del Campo
397:was able to apply his own
515:campaigns in the town of
541:Villa Romana del Tellaro
421:Cassa per il Mezzogiorno
873:Economy of ancient Rome
536:Villa Romana del Casale
309:) or olive oil, grain,
682:Ville dell'Agro romano
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407:in the heel of Italy.
89:modern colonial period
551:Villa Romana di Patti
393:In the 6th century,
155:improve this article
601:Encomiendas in Peru
521:Province of Seville
824:Italian Americana,
808:Stephen L. Dyson,
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322:economies of scale
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358:distressed
285:included a
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93:latifĂşndios
33:latifundium
867:Categories
803:References
749:latifundia
660:latifundia
612:Plantation
595:Encomienda
529:latifundia
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482:latifundia
463:al-Andalus
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249:, was the
235:latifundia
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111:Portuguese
99:or simply
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52:for great
18:Latifundia
589:Agro-town
572:Casignana
570:Villa of
566:Realmonte
513:squatting
505:anarchism
501:socialism
497:jornalero
489:Andalusia
457:of Roman
438:Castilian
349:Andalusia
343:) and in
299:livestock
211:June 2021
116:haciendas
843:", from
839:(1908) "
717:34308399
691:62487134
578:See also
465:period.
404:Vivarium
347:(modern
339:(modern
262:coloniae
247:Hispania
106:fazendas
618:Pronoia
474:Spanish
432:In the
341:Maghreb
243:Sicilia
195:scholar
121:Spanish
87:In the
82:slavery
729:31–36.
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436:, the
412:Sicily
307:cattle
245:) and
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101:fundos
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389:Italy
311:garum
303:sheep
202:JSTOR
188:books
113:) or
66:Egypt
42:latus
38:Latin
713:OCLC
705:ISBN
687:OCLC
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