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Leucocytozoon

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The nuclei of the schizonts is enclosed in a trilaminar membrane with peripherally arranged chromatin. The schizonts also contain numerous cytomers also with trilaminar membranes and containing multiple ribosomes. Repeated invagination of the cytomeres gives rise to the merozoites which also have a
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Two gametocyte forms are recognised: an elongated (sail-like) form and a compact spherical form. These are usually 12–14 micrometres long. The large gametocytes tend to grossly distort the infected cells and make cell identification difficult. A pseudopigment known as volutin may be present.
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Nooroong, Pornpiroon; Watthanadirek, Amaya; Minsakorn, Sutthida; Poolsawat, Napassorn; Junsiri, Witchuta; Srionrod, Nitipon; Sangchuai, Siriphan; Chawengkirttikul, Runglawan; Anuracpreeda, Panat (2022).
1352:, spleen and liver due to occlusion of blood vessels by megaloschizonts in endothelial cells. Ruptured schizonts may induce granulomatous reactions in the surrounding tissues. 1032:
through the bite of the blood-sucking black fly. The sporozoites invade host cells in the liver where they undergo asexual replication, forming numerous daughter cells called
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Like many protist species and genera this genus is subject to ongoing revision especially in the light of DNA based taxonomy. Described species may be subject to revision.
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Oocysts develop rapidly in 3–5 days. The oocysts are small and nonexpanding, reaching 13 micrometres in diameter and typically have less than 100 short, thick sporozoites.
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within 4–5 days. The duration of this stage depends in part upon the species. In some species this stage may occur in the endothelial cells instead of the liver.
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Evans, M; Otter, A (18 July 1998). "Fatal combined infection with Haemoproteus noctuae and Leucocytozoon ziemanni in juvenile snowy owls (Nyctea scandiaca)".
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Clinically the majority of birds affected with leucocytozoonosis exhibit no signs. Among those that do the signs include mild to severe signs of
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as their intermediate host. There are over 100 species in this genus. Over 100 species of birds have been recorded as hosts to these parasites.
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Bunbury, N.; Barton, E.; Jones, C.G.; Greenwood, A.G.; Tyler, K.M.; Bell, D.J. (2007). "Avian blood parasites in an endangered columbid:
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Sato Y, Tamada A, Mochizuki Y, Nakamura S, Okano E, Yoshida C, Ejiri H, Omori S, Yukawa M, Murata K (2009). "Molecular detection of
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The gametocytes are taken up by a blood-sucking fly as it bites the bird host. Gametocytes then mature in the insect
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Ortego J, Cordero PJ (2009). "PCR-based detection and genotyping of haematozoa (Protozoa) parasitizing eagle owls,
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contains vesicular cristae. There may be one or two paranuclear bodies in some species. Their function is unknown.
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in adult birds seems to occur as a result of debilitation and increased susceptibility to secondary infection.
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n. sp., from chickens observed in a survey of blood parasites in domestic animals in South Carolina".
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cause marked enlargement and distortion of the infected cell producing a football-like appearance.
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Bennett, GF (1993). "Phylogenetic distribution and possible evolution of the avian species of the
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or spleen. Microscopically there is ischemic necrosis and associated inflammation in the heart,
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Blood from a chicken infected with a male gametocyte (left) and a female gametocyte (right).
3244:(Apicomplexa: Leucocytozoidae) from West African birds, with descriptions of two species". 93: 5574: 5152: 5120: 4940: 4936: 4899: 4877: 4842: 4553: 4352: 4284: 4214: 3945: 3938: 1968: 1836: 1794: 1686: 1524: 5469: 5385: 5295: 5216: 5156: 5126: 4909: 4853: 4830: 4653: 4414: 4369: 4202: 4182: 4071: 3837: 3690: 3642: 3342: 3289: 2497: 2106: 1848: 1674: 1056: 204: 191: 6082: 5980: 5735: 5644: 5484: 5433: 5420: 5403: 5327: 5174: 5062: 4983: 4904: 4859: 4847: 4812: 4604: 4515: 4445: 4357: 4340: 4060: 4047: 3879: 2484:
in honor of Danilewsky. N. M. Berestneff was the first to use the current genus name
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Berestneff, 1904 (Apicomplexa: Leucocytozoidae) from the avian family Artamidae".
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from several common birds. The genus was subsequently formally defined in 1908 by
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Hemozoin deposits (pigment) are not formed—a useful distinguishing feature for
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In 1977, Greiner and Kocan in an extensive examination of species in the order
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Valkiunas G (2004). "Life Cycle and Morphology of Leucocytozoidae Species".
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Merogony occurs in the parenchyma of liver, heart, kidney, or other organs.
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Gill, H.; Paperna, I. (2005). "Leucocytozoonosis in the Israeli sparrow,
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It has been suggested that this genus arose after the two others genera
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Savage, A.F.; Ariey, F.; Greiner, E.C. (2006). "Leucocytozoon atkinsoni
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n. sp. (Haemosporida, Leucocytozoidae) from the Bukharan great tit
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Savage, A.F.; Greiner, E.C. (2004). "Hematozoa of the avian family
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was published in 1894 by N. Sakharoff from the blood of birds near
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Peirce, M.A.; Adlard, R.D.; Lederer, R. (2005). "A new species of
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is considered to be restricted to several passiform families; and
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The typical pathology of infection with these parasites includes
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sp. n. (Haemosphorida: Leucocytozoidae) from a Thailand thrush,
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declared that the only valid species infecting this order was
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n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Leucocytozoidae) from the avian family
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The remaining species in the genus use members of the genus
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sp. n. (Sporozoa: Leucocytozoidae) from a sandhill crane,
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Megaloschizonts appear as grey-white nodules found in the
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independently discovered black flies to be the vector of
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Rodhain, Pons, Vandenbranden and Bequaert 1913—chicken (
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have a life cycle that involves both a bird host, and a
2607:(Haemosporida; Leucocytozoidae) of the falconiformes". 2462:). A more detailed description of parasites resembling 1249:
Form gamonts in white blood cells and/or erythrocytes.
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ValkiĂĽnas, G.; Iezhova, T.A.; Mironov, S.V. (2002). "
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Savage, A.F. (2004). "Hematozoa of the avian family
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Barraclough, R.K.; Robert, V.; Peirce, M.A. (2008).
2470:. Soon thereafter in 1898, Hans Ziemann described a 1028:). Parasites enter the bird host in a form called a 5935: 5877: 5848: 5823: 5814: 5765: 5756: 5697: 5688: 5620: 5561: 5536: 5393: 5384: 5343: 5318: 5281: 5272: 5139: 4999: 4974: 4885: 4876: 4821: 4810: 4709: 4684: 4603: 4473: 4377: 4368: 4331: 4320: 4309: 4242: 4181: 4172: 4157: 4146: 4117: 4108: 4027: 3816: 3807: 3782: 3773: 3023:
Bennett, G.F.; Khan, R.A.; Campbell, A.G. (1974). "
1086:. The male gametocytes normally give rise to eight 60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 982:The species of this genus use either blackflies ( 3522:Valkiunas G (2004). "Brief historical summary". 3240:Jones, H.I.; Sehgal, R.N.; Smith, T.B. (2005). " 3524:Avian Malaria Parasites and Other Haemosporidia 3517: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3509: 2533:Avian Malaria Parasites and Other Haemosporidia 1389:in some areas, including the upper Midwestern 3623: 3427:) collected in the alpine regions of Japan". 2971: 2969: 2416:seems likely to be a cryptic species complex. 1260:occurs in either leucocytes or erythrocytes. 1215:is considered to be restricted to the family 979:(which also includes the malaria parasites). 8: 3235: 3233: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2520: 1039:The newly released merozoites infect either 5923: 5820: 5762: 5694: 5390: 5278: 5269: 4882: 4818: 4479: 4374: 4328: 4317: 4178: 4169: 4165: 4154: 4114: 3813: 3779: 3770: 3630: 3616: 3608: 2442:Drawing of owl blood cells parasitized by 1059:. The megaloschizonts divide into primary 144: 133: 3341: 3197: 2840: 2535:(1 ed.). CRC Press. pp. 36–45. 1405:farms in the southeastern United States. 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 3526:(1 ed.). CRC Press. pp. 9–16. 1162:The genus is divided into two subgenera— 2516: 1385:is suspected to be a major parasite of 1229:is considered restricted to the family 1138:, the latter originating from the late 1078:(female) with red-staining nuclei and 1024:which cycles between a bird host and a 156:in a stained blood smear from a turkey 1173:The only known member of the subgenus 2488:while describing parasites he called 2450:The first described observation of a 7: 6043:af60a318-6d53-4d5d-aa51-db3b4a180b12 3423:from probable vectors, black flies ( 2980:(the asities and sunbird asities)". 58:adding citations to reliable sources 2474:parasite from the blood of the owl 1267:may form large bodies divided into 25: 3294:based on the mitochondrial genes 2407:is considered to be a synonym of 2398:is considered to be a synonym of 2381:are considered to be synonyms of 2351:are considered to be synonyms of 2337:is considered to be a synonym of 2327:are considered to be synonyms of 2299:are considered to be synonyms of 3357: 2864: 1311:The vertebrate hosts are birds. 1181:which uses members of the genus 165: 34: 1918:Mathis and LĂ©ger 1910—chicken ( 1576:Mathis and Leger 1909—chicken ( 1179:Leucocytozoon (Akiba) caulleryi 45:needs additional citations for 2603:Greiner EC, Kocan AA (1977). " 2313:are considered to be synonyms. 1654:—rufous-headed ground-roller ( 1170:—based on the vector species. 1: 3180:in the Mauritian Pink Pigeon 992:as their definitive host and 3588:Leucocytozoon—elongate forms 3573:Leucocytozoon in thrombocyte 2426:are considered a synonym of 1678:), white winged crossbills ( 1370:The excess mortality due to 1114:and three apical rings. The 554:Leucocytozoon fringillinarum 3472:"Some remarks on the genus 2842:10.1051/parasite/2008152105 2110:), white-tailed sea eagle ( 794:Leucocytozoon neotropicalis 611:Leucocytozoon huchzermeyeri 6135: 2928:Passer domesticus biblicus 2454:parasite may have been by 1942:Prowazek 1912- chicken ( 1759:Cyanolanius madagascarinus 1693:Passer domesticus biblicus 1594:species), cuckoo-shrikes ( 1367:and difficulty breathing. 1146:at about the same time as 446:Leucocytozoon chloropsidis 356:Leucocytozoon beaurepairei 284:Leucocytozoon acridotheris 5268: 4482: 4279: 4168: 4082: 3769: 3653: 3492:10.1017/S0031182000001931 3441:10.1007/s00436-008-1183-1 3390:10.1007/s00436-008-1207-x 3208:10.1017/s0031182006002149 2944:10.1007/s00436-005-1352-4 2791:10.1007/s11230-005-9023-5 2742:10.1007/s11230-004-1387-4 2490:Leucocytozoon danilewskyi 2482:Leukocytozoen danilewskyi 2444:Leukocytozoen danilewskyi 2104:), Red-shouldered hawks ( 1783:Centrocercus urophasianus 929:Leucocytozoon trachyphoni 890:Leucocytozoon struthionis 860:Leucocytozoon schoutedeni 788:Leucocytozoon nectariniae 581:Leucocytozoon giovannolai 488:Leucocytozoon danilewskyi 416:Leucocytozoon cambournaci 368:Leucocytozoon berestneffi 280: 275: 162:Scientific classification 160: 152: 143: 136: 3470:Wenyon CM (April 1910). 3326:10.1051/parasite/2022022 2277:Austrosimulium ungulatum 2119:Haliaeetus leucocephalus 2092:), sharp-shinned hawks ( 1945:Gallus gallus domesticus 1933:Gallus gallus domesticus 1921:Gallus gallus domesticus 1885:Pogoniulus subsulphureus 1846:—Mauritian pink pigeon ( 1825:Gallus gallus domesticus 1798:), wild rock ptarmigan ( 1579:Gallus gallus domesticus 1429:Gallus gallus domesticus 975:belonging to the phylum 947:Leucocytozoon zosteropis 935:Leucocytozoon whitworthi 866:Leucocytozoon schuffneri 854:Leucocytozoon sakharoffi 683:Leucocytozoon liothricis 587:Leucocytozoon grallariae 569:Leucocytozoon gallinarum 542:Leucocytozoon francolini 428:Leucocytozoon caprimulgi 314:Leucocytozoon anellobiae 6104:Veterinary protozoology 5308:Vitrella brassicaformis 3292:Leucocytozoon sabrazesi 3178:Leucocytozoon marchouxi 3125:Greiner, E.C. (1976). " 3076:Leucocytozoon hamiltoni 2883:(the ground-rollers)". 2685:Atchley, F.O. (1951). " 2446:by Hans Ziemann in 1898 1957:Phoenicurus phoenicurus 1714:—common sunbird asity ( 1498:—yellow-billed magpie ( 1474:species), bushshrikes ( 1329:and enlargement of the 1022:Leucocytozoon caulleryi 1020:(with the exception of 1012:Parasites in the genus 884:Leucocytozoon squamatus 830:Leucocytozoon pycnonoti 824:Leucocytozoon pogoniuli 770:Leucocytozoon muscicapa 764:Leucocytozoon molpastis 728:Leucocytozoon marchouxi 647:Leucocytozoon kerandeli 605:Leucocytozoon hamiltoni 530:Leucocytozoon eurystomi 524:Leucocytozoon enriquesi 513:Mathis & Leger 1911 509:Leucocytozoon dubreuili 497:Leucocytozoon deswardti 470:Leucocytozoon coracinae 434:Leucocytozoon caulleryi 422:Leucocytozoon capitonis 410:Leucocytozoon bucerotis 398:Leucocytozoon bouffardi 350:Leucocytozoon balmorali 344:Leucocytozoon atkinsoni 332:Leucocytozoon artamidis 290:Leucocytozoon alcedinis 3593:Megaloschizont in lung 3563:Illustrated life cycle 3127:Leucocytozoon maccluri 2687:Leucocytozoon andrewsi 2447: 2392:is open to some doubt. 2152:), great horned owls ( 2137:Trachyphonus purpureus 2122:), Chimango Caracara ( 2074:—Old World babblers ( 1822:Sambon 1908—chickens ( 1780:—greater sage-grouse ( 1768:—Old World babblers ( 1316:Leucocytozoon ziemanni 1009: 941:Leucocytozoon ziemanni 914:Leucocytozoon timaliae 842:Leucocytozoon roubaudi 746:Leucocytozoon mcclurei 701:Leucocytozoon macleani 695:Leucocytozoon maccluri 671:Leucocytozoon leboeufi 665:Leucocytozoon laverani 641:Leucocytozoon jakamowi 593:Leucocytozoon greineri 464:Leucocytozoon communis 452:Leucocytozoon coccyzus 440:Leucocytozoon centropi 404:Leucocytozoon brimonti 374:Leucocytozoon bishopae 362:Leucocytozoon bennetti 326:Leucocytozoon ardeolae 320:Leucocytozoon apiaster 308:Leucocytozoon andrewsi 4029:Postciliodesmatophora 3532:10.1201/9780203643792 2644:The Veterinary Record 2541:10.1201/9780203643792 2441: 2249:Cnephia ornithophilia 2098:), Eurasian buzzard ( 2020:), trumpeter swans ( 1978:), white Pekin duck ( 1879:Pogoniulus atroflavus 1792:), willow ptarmigan ( 1744:—Bukharan great tit ( 1717:Neodrepanis coruscans 1672:), dark-eyed Juncos ( 1531:Canachites canadensis 1103:trilaminar membrane. 1007: 902:Leucocytozoon sunibdu 872:Leucocytozoon simondi 848:Leucocytozoon sabrezi 836:Leucocytozoon rimondi 806:Leucocytozoon oriolis 800:Leucocytozoon numidae 758:Leucocytozoon mesnili 740:Leucocytozoon mathisi 734:Leucocytozoon martini 722:Leucocytozoon mansoni 713:Leucocytozoon majoris 677:Leucocytozoon leitaoi 629:Leucocytozoon iowense 623:Leucocytozoon icteris 575:Leucocytozoon gentili 548:Leucocytozoon frascai 536:Leucocytozoon francae 518:Leucocytozoon dutoiti 392:Leucocytozoon bonasae 380:Leucocytozoon bishopi 338:Leucocytozoon anseris 296:Leucocytozoon alcedis 6114:Parasites of Diptera 4731:Eleutheroschizonidae 3843:Cariacothrix caudata 3421:Leucocytozoon lovati 3306:and co-infection of 2424:L. turtur orientalis 2226:Prosimulium hirtipes 2113:Haliaeetus albicilla 2029:Somateria mollissima 1966:—ring-necked ducks ( 1906:—estrildid finches ( 1789:Dendragapus obscurus 1486:—hook-billed vanga ( 1363:, weakness, anemia, 1106:The merozoites have 908:Leucocytozoon tawaki 896:Leucocytozoon sturni 878:Leucocytozoon smithi 818:Leucocytozoon pittae 812:Leucocytozoon otidis 782:Leucocytozoon neavei 752:Leucocytozoon melloi 689:Leucocytozoon lovati 659:Leucocytozoon lanium 653:Leucocytozoon lairdi 635:Leucocytozoon irenae 503:Leucocytozoon dinizi 482:Leucocytozoon dacelo 476:Leucocytozoon costai 458:Leucocytozoon colius 302:Leucocytozoon anatis 154:Leucocytozoon smithi 54:improve this article 4976:Blastogregarinorina 4933:Oligochaetocystinae 3583:Leucocytozoon image 3578:Leucocytozoon image 3025:Leucocytozoon grusi 2656:10.1136/vr.143.3.72 2422:and its subspecies 2266:Simulium nigritarse 2215:Culicoides arakawae 2008:), Emperor Goose ( 1861:Nectarinia olivacea 1735:Antigone canadensis 1723:Philepitta castanea 1684:), yellow wagtail ( 1657:Atelornis crossleyi 1245:Diagnostic criteria 920:Leucocytozoon toddi 776:Leucocytozoon mutus 707:Leucocytozoon major 617:Leucocytozoon ibisi 599:Leucocytozoon grusi 563:Leucocytozoon galli 6109:Parasites of birds 6094:Apicomplexa genera 5071:Amphiplatysporidae 5023:Cephaloidophoridae 4823:Archigregarinorida 3818:Intramacronucleata 3131:Zoothera marginata 2582:10.1007/bf00009646 2448: 2232:Simulium japonicum 2167:Strix occidentalis 2095:Accipiter striatus 2089:Accipiter cooperii 1993:Anas platyrhynchos 1834:—yellow wagtails ( 1813:Zoothera marginata 1810:—Thailand thrush ( 1732:— sandhill crane ( 1690:), house sparrow ( 1633:Turdus migratorius 1609:Strix occidentalis 1528:), spruce grouse ( 1489:Vanga curvirostris 1196:as their vectors. 1010: 386:Leucocytozoon bisi 6076: 6075: 5929:Taxon identifiers 5920: 5919: 5916: 5915: 5912: 5911: 5908: 5907: 5873: 5872: 5752: 5751: 5684: 5683: 5380: 5379: 5264: 5263: 5260: 5259: 5256: 5255: 5149:Schizogregarinina 5135: 5134: 4806: 4805: 4711:Protococcidiorida 4680: 4679: 4676: 4675: 4595:Selenococcidiidae 4585:Elleipsisomatidae 4549:Cryptosporidiidae 4410:Haemogregarinidae 4333:Agamococcidiorida 4305: 4304: 4301: 4300: 4142: 4141: 4138: 4137: 4104: 4103: 3904:Oligohymenophorea 3803: 3802: 3603:Gametocyte images 3598:Gametocyte images 3541:978-0-415-30097-1 3080:Parus bokharensis 2881:Brachypteraciidae 2550:978-0-415-30097-1 2502:Louis V. Skidmore 2456:Vasily Danilewsky 2339:L. fringillinarum 2255:Simulium rugglesi 2164:), spotted owls ( 2005:Branta canadensis 1990:), mallard duck ( 1984:), Mexican duck ( 1876:—tinker barbets ( 1747:Parus bokharensis 1720:), velvet asity ( 1705:Passer domesticus 1669:Fringilla coelebs 1664:L. fringillinarum 1630:—American robin ( 1513:Paradoxornithidae 1223:L. fringillinarum 1053:endothelial cells 954: 953: 925: 718: 559: 514: 493: 130: 129: 122: 104: 27:Genus of protists 16:(Redirected from 6126: 6099:Poultry diseases 6069: 6068: 6056: 6055: 6046: 6045: 6036: 6035: 6023: 6022: 6010: 6009: 5997: 5996: 5984: 5983: 5971: 5970: 5969: 5956: 5955: 5954: 5924: 5821: 5763: 5695: 5587:Duboscquellaceae 5391: 5279: 5270: 5141:Neogregarinorida 5117:Actinocephalidae 5113:Stylocephaloidea 5107:Trichorhynchidae 4951:Schaudinnellidae 4895:Aikinetocystidae 4883: 4819: 4748:Eleutheroschizon 4590:Lankesterellidae 4539:Calyptosporiidae 4529:Atoxoplasmatidae 4480: 4392:Dactylosomatidae 4375: 4329: 4318: 4179: 4170: 4166: 4155: 4115: 3934:Parablepharismea 3909:Ichthyophthirius 3814: 3780: 3771: 3682: 3662: 3632: 3625: 3618: 3609: 3558:Veterinary notes 3546: 3545: 3519: 3504: 3503: 3467: 3461: 3460: 3416: 3410: 3409: 3369: 3363: 3362: 3361: 3355: 3345: 3284: 3278: 3277: 3237: 3228: 3227: 3201: 3173: 3167: 3166: 3122: 3116: 3115: 3071: 3065: 3064: 3020: 3014: 3013: 2973: 2964: 2963: 2923: 2917: 2916: 2876: 2870: 2869: 2868: 2862: 2844: 2820: 2814: 2811: 2768: 2762: 2761: 2721: 2715: 2714: 2682: 2676: 2675: 2639: 2633: 2632: 2600: 2594: 2593: 2561: 2555: 2554: 2528: 2238:Simulium uchidai 2204:Simulium latipes 2161:Nyctea scandiaca 2155:Bubo virginianus 2125:Milvago chimango 2116:), bald eagles ( 2017:Mergus merganser 1786:), blue grouse ( 1702:—house sparrow ( 1681:Loxia leucoptera 1522:—ruffed grouse ( 1459:Neomixis tenella 1444:—wood-swallows ( 1296:The vectors are 1187:as its vectors. 1080:microgametocytes 1076:macrogametocytes 923: 716: 557: 512: 491: 170: 169: 148: 134: 125: 118: 114: 111: 105: 103: 62: 38: 30: 21: 6134: 6133: 6129: 6128: 6127: 6125: 6124: 6123: 6079: 6078: 6077: 6072: 6064: 6059: 6051: 6049: 6041: 6039: 6031: 6026: 6018: 6013: 6005: 6000: 5992: 5987: 5979: 5974: 5965: 5964: 5959: 5950: 5949: 5944: 5931: 5921: 5904: 5869: 5844: 5810: 5804:Rhizellobiopsis 5748: 5680: 5657:Pronoctilucidae 5616: 5575:Amoebophryaceae 5557: 5532: 5483:Without theca: 5376: 5339: 5314: 5252: 5153:Caulleryellidae 5131: 5121:Stylocephalidae 5099:Sphaerocystidae 5083:Dactylophoridae 5079:Cnemidosporidae 5075:Brustiophoridae 4995: 4970: 4941:Stomatophorinae 4937:Rhynchocystinae 4900:Allantocystidae 4878:Eugregarinorida 4872: 4843:Selenidioididae 4815: 4802: 4705: 4672: 4631:Toxoplasmatinae 4599: 4554:Cryptosporidium 4469: 4364: 4353:Rhytidocystidae 4325: 4314: 4297: 4285:Cardiosporidium 4275: 4238: 4215:Leucocytozoidae 4162: 4151: 4134: 4100: 4078: 4023: 3946:Phyllopharyngea 3939:Parablepharisma 3799: 3765: 3764: 3680: 3658: 3649: 3636: 3568:Black fly image 3554: 3549: 3542: 3521: 3520: 3507: 3469: 3468: 3464: 3418: 3417: 3413: 3371: 3370: 3366: 3356: 3286: 3285: 3281: 3258:10.1645/ge-3409 3239: 3238: 3231: 3199:10.1.1.391.9645 3175: 3174: 3170: 3147:10.2307/3279409 3124: 3123: 3119: 3096:10.2307/3285453 3073: 3072: 3068: 3045:10.2307/3278486 3029:Grus canadensis 3022: 3021: 3017: 2994:10.1645/ge-228r 2975: 2974: 2967: 2930:Hartert 1904". 2925: 2924: 2920: 2897:10.1645/ge-227r 2878: 2877: 2873: 2863: 2822: 2821: 2817: 2779:Syst. Parasitol 2770: 2769: 2765: 2730:Syst. Parasitol 2723: 2722: 2718: 2703:10.2307/3273257 2684: 2683: 2679: 2641: 2640: 2636: 2621:10.1139/z77-099 2602: 2601: 2597: 2570:Syst. Parasitol 2563: 2562: 2558: 2551: 2530: 2529: 2518: 2514: 2436: 2286: 2198:Simulium aureum 2189: 2158:), snowy owls ( 2086:—Coopers hawk ( 2026:), eider duck ( 2023:Olor buccinator 2014:), mergansers ( 1996:), black duck ( 1969:Aythya collaris 1952:L. shaartusicum 1837:Motacilla flava 1795:Lagopus lagopus 1687:Motacilla flava 1540:—weaver birds ( 1525:Bonasa umbellus 1411: 1380: 1323: 1247: 1160: 1128: 1100: 1057:megaloschizonts 1002: 944: 938: 932: 926: 917: 911: 905: 899: 893: 887: 881: 875: 869: 863: 857: 851: 845: 839: 833: 827: 821: 815: 809: 803: 797: 791: 785: 779: 773: 767: 761: 755: 749: 743: 737: 731: 725: 719: 710: 704: 698: 692: 686: 680: 674: 668: 662: 656: 650: 644: 638: 632: 626: 620: 614: 608: 602: 596: 590: 584: 578: 572: 566: 560: 551: 545: 539: 533: 527: 521: 515: 506: 500: 494: 485: 479: 473: 467: 461: 455: 449: 443: 437: 431: 425: 419: 413: 407: 401: 395: 389: 383: 377: 371: 365: 359: 353: 347: 341: 335: 329: 323: 317: 311: 305: 299: 293: 287: 258:Leucocytozoidae 164: 126: 115: 109: 106: 69:"Leucocytozoon" 63: 61: 51: 39: 28: 23: 22: 18:Leucocytozoidae 15: 12: 11: 5: 6132: 6130: 6122: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6081: 6080: 6074: 6073: 6071: 6070: 6057: 6047: 6037: 6024: 6011: 5998: 5985: 5972: 5957: 5941: 5939: 5933: 5932: 5927: 5918: 5917: 5914: 5913: 5910: 5909: 5906: 5905: 5903: 5902: 5883: 5881: 5875: 5874: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5867: 5854: 5852: 5846: 5845: 5843: 5842: 5829: 5827: 5818: 5812: 5811: 5809: 5808: 5792:Parallobiopsis 5780:Elliobiocystis 5771: 5769: 5760: 5754: 5753: 5750: 5749: 5747: 5746: 5731:Rastromonadida 5728: 5716: 5703: 5701: 5692: 5686: 5685: 5682: 5681: 5679: 5678: 5666: 5654: 5642: 5637: 5624: 5622: 5618: 5617: 5615: 5614: 5596: 5584: 5567: 5565: 5559: 5558: 5556: 5555: 5542: 5540: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5530: 5512: 5480: 5479: 5470:Prorocentrales 5467: 5449: 5431: 5402:With a theca: 5399: 5397: 5388: 5386:Dinoflagellata 5382: 5381: 5378: 5377: 5375: 5374: 5362: 5353:Alphamonadidae 5349: 5347: 5341: 5340: 5338: 5337: 5324: 5322: 5316: 5315: 5313: 5312: 5300: 5296:Chromera velia 5287: 5285: 5276: 5266: 5265: 5262: 5261: 5258: 5257: 5254: 5253: 5251: 5250: 5238: 5217:Schizocystidae 5214: 5172: 5160: 5157:Ophryocystidae 5145: 5143: 5137: 5136: 5133: 5132: 5130: 5129: 5127:Blabericolidae 5124: 5110: 5060: 5050: 5047:Uradiophoridae 5031:Didymophoridae 5027:Cephalolobidae 5016: 5005: 5003: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4993: 4980: 4978: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4910:Enterocystidae 4907: 4902: 4897: 4891: 4889: 4880: 4874: 4873: 4871: 4870: 4854:Meroselenidium 4840: 4831:Exoschizonidae 4827: 4825: 4816: 4811: 4808: 4807: 4804: 4803: 4801: 4800: 4782: 4773:Mackinnoniidae 4770: 4752: 4728: 4719:Angeiocystidae 4715: 4713: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4703: 4690: 4688: 4682: 4681: 4678: 4677: 4674: 4673: 4671: 4670: 4654:Nephroisospora 4628: 4609: 4607: 4601: 4600: 4598: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4558: 4546: 4544:Caryotrophidae 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4483: 4477: 4471: 4470: 4468: 4467: 4455: 4443: 4431: 4419: 4415:Haemogregarina 4407: 4389: 4383: 4381: 4372: 4370:Eucoccidiorida 4366: 4365: 4363: 4362: 4350: 4337: 4335: 4326: 4321: 4315: 4310: 4307: 4306: 4303: 4302: 4299: 4298: 4296: 4295: 4288: 4280: 4277: 4276: 4274: 4273: 4261: 4248: 4246: 4240: 4239: 4237: 4236: 4224: 4212: 4203:Haemoproteidae 4200: 4187: 4185: 4183:Haemospororida 4176: 4163: 4158: 4152: 4147: 4144: 4143: 4140: 4139: 4136: 4135: 4123: 4121: 4112: 4106: 4105: 4102: 4101: 4083: 4080: 4079: 4077: 4076: 4072:Tracheloraphis 4058: 4033: 4031: 4025: 4024: 4022: 4021: 4003: 3991: 3973: 3961: 3943: 3931: 3901: 3889: 3877: 3859: 3847: 3838:Cariacotrichea 3835: 3822: 3820: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3801: 3800: 3788: 3786: 3777: 3767: 3766: 3763: 3762: 3761: 3760: 3759: 3758: 3755:Mesomycetozoea 3752: 3747: 3737: 3727: 3726: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3704: 3703: 3691:Diaphoretickes 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3655: 3654: 3651: 3650: 3637: 3635: 3634: 3627: 3620: 3612: 3606: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3553: 3552:External links 3550: 3548: 3547: 3540: 3505: 3462: 3429:Parasitol. Res 3411: 3378:Parasitol. Res 3364: 3279: 3252:(2): 397–401. 3229: 3192:(6): 797–804. 3182:Columba mayeri 3168: 3117: 3090:(3): 577–581. 3066: 3039:(2): 359–363. 3015: 2965: 2932:Parasitol. Res 2918: 2891:(6): 1468–72. 2871: 2835:(2): 105–110. 2815: 2763: 2716: 2677: 2634: 2595: 2566:Haemoproteidae 2556: 2549: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2435: 2432: 2431: 2430: 2417: 2411: 2402: 2393: 2386: 2356: 2342: 2332: 2314: 2311:L. schoutedeni 2304: 2285: 2282: 2281: 2280: 2269: 2258: 2241: 2218: 2207: 2188: 2185: 2184: 2183: 2171: 2141: 2132:L. trachyphoni 2129: 2107:Buteo lineatus 2081: 2069: 2057: 2045: 2033: 1972:), wood duck ( 1961: 1949: 1937: 1928:L. schoutedeni 1925: 1913: 1901: 1889: 1871: 1865: 1856:L. nectariniae 1853: 1849:Columba mayeri 1841: 1829: 1817: 1805: 1775: 1763: 1751: 1739: 1727: 1709: 1697: 1675:Junco hyemalis 1661: 1649: 1637: 1625: 1613: 1604:L. danilewskyi 1601: 1583: 1571: 1559: 1547: 1535: 1517: 1510:—parrotbills ( 1505: 1496:L. berestneffi 1493: 1481: 1463: 1456:—common jery ( 1451: 1439: 1433: 1421: 1410: 1407: 1379: 1376: 1322: 1319: 1314:Type species: 1246: 1243: 1241:infects owls. 1159: 1156: 1127: 1124: 1099: 1096: 1001: 998: 988:species) or a 958:Leucocytozoon 952: 951: 278: 277: 273: 272: 265: 261: 260: 255: 251: 250: 245: 241: 240: 235: 231: 230: 225: 221: 220: 215: 208: 207: 202: 195: 194: 192:Diaphoretickes 189: 182: 181: 176: 172: 171: 158: 157: 150: 149: 141: 140: 128: 127: 110:September 2015 42: 40: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6131: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6086: 6084: 6067: 6062: 6058: 6054: 6048: 6044: 6038: 6034: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5990: 5986: 5982: 5981:Leucocytozoon 5977: 5973: 5968: 5967:Leucocytozoon 5962: 5958: 5953: 5947: 5943: 5942: 5940: 5938: 5937:Leucocytozoon 5934: 5930: 5925: 5900: 5899: 5894: 5893: 5888: 5885: 5884: 5882: 5880: 5876: 5865: 5864: 5859: 5856: 5855: 5853: 5851: 5847: 5840: 5839: 5834: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5813: 5806: 5805: 5800: 5799: 5798:Thalassomyces 5794: 5793: 5788: 5787: 5782: 5781: 5776: 5775:Ellobiopsidae 5773: 5772: 5770: 5768: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5758:Protalveolata 5755: 5744: 5743: 5738: 5737: 5736:Parvilucifera 5732: 5729: 5726: 5725: 5720: 5717: 5714: 5713: 5708: 5705: 5704: 5702: 5700: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5687: 5676: 5675: 5670: 5667: 5664: 5663: 5658: 5655: 5652: 5651: 5646: 5645:Oxyrrhinaceae 5643: 5641: 5640:Ichthyodinium 5638: 5635: 5634: 5629: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5619: 5612: 5611: 5606: 5605: 5600: 5597: 5594: 5593: 5588: 5585: 5582: 5581: 5576: 5572: 5569: 5568: 5566: 5564: 5560: 5553: 5552: 5547: 5544: 5543: 5541: 5539: 5535: 5528: 5527: 5522: 5521: 5516: 5513: 5510: 5509: 5504: 5503: 5498: 5497: 5492: 5491: 5486: 5485:Gymnodiniales 5482: 5481: 5477: 5476: 5471: 5468: 5465: 5464: 5459: 5458: 5453: 5450: 5447: 5446: 5441: 5440: 5435: 5434:Gonyaulacales 5432: 5429: 5428: 5423: 5422: 5421:Ornithocercus 5417: 5416: 5411: 5410: 5405: 5404:Dinophysiales 5401: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5383: 5372: 5371: 5366: 5365:Voromonadidae 5363: 5360: 5359: 5354: 5351: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5342: 5335: 5334: 5329: 5328:Colpodellidae 5326: 5325: 5323: 5321: 5317: 5310: 5309: 5304: 5301: 5298: 5297: 5292: 5289: 5288: 5286: 5284: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5271: 5267: 5248: 5247: 5242: 5239: 5236: 5235: 5230: 5229: 5224: 5223: 5218: 5215: 5212: 5211: 5206: 5205: 5200: 5199: 5194: 5193: 5188: 5187: 5182: 5181: 5176: 5175:Lipotrophidae 5173: 5170: 5169: 5164: 5161: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5147: 5146: 5144: 5142: 5138: 5128: 5125: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5111: 5108: 5104: 5103:Stenophoridae 5100: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5063:Stenophoricae 5061: 5058: 5054: 5051: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5039:Hirmocystidae 5036: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5017: 5014: 5010: 5007: 5006: 5004: 5002: 4998: 4991: 4990: 4985: 4984:Siedleckiidae 4982: 4981: 4979: 4977: 4973: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4905:Diplocystidae 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4875: 4868: 4867: 4862: 4861: 4860:Selenidioides 4856: 4855: 4850: 4849: 4848:Merogregarina 4844: 4841: 4838: 4837: 4832: 4829: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4820: 4817: 4814: 4813:Gregarinasina 4809: 4798: 4797: 4792: 4791: 4790:Myriosporides 4786: 4785:Myriosporidae 4783: 4780: 4779: 4774: 4771: 4768: 4767: 4762: 4761: 4756: 4753: 4750: 4749: 4744: 4743: 4738: 4737: 4732: 4729: 4726: 4725: 4720: 4717: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4708: 4701: 4700: 4695: 4692: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4683: 4668: 4667: 4662: 4661: 4656: 4655: 4650: 4649: 4644: 4643: 4638: 4637: 4632: 4629: 4626: 4625: 4620: 4619: 4614: 4613:Sarcocystinae 4611: 4610: 4608: 4606: 4605:Sarcocystidae 4602: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4580: 4579: 4574: 4573: 4568: 4567: 4562: 4559: 4556: 4555: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4524: 4523: 4518: 4517: 4516:Pseudoklossia 4512: 4511: 4506: 4505: 4500: 4499: 4494: 4493: 4488: 4485: 4484: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4472: 4465: 4464: 4459: 4456: 4453: 4452: 4447: 4446:Klossiellidae 4444: 4441: 4440: 4435: 4432: 4429: 4428: 4423: 4420: 4417: 4416: 4411: 4408: 4405: 4404: 4399: 4398: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4367: 4360: 4359: 4358:Rhytidocystis 4354: 4351: 4348: 4347: 4342: 4341:Gemmocystidae 4339: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4330: 4327: 4324: 4319: 4316: 4313: 4308: 4294: 4293: 4289: 4287: 4286: 4282: 4281: 4278: 4271: 4270: 4265: 4262: 4259: 4258: 4253: 4250: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4241: 4234: 4233: 4228: 4225: 4222: 4221: 4220:Leucocytozoon 4216: 4213: 4210: 4209: 4204: 4201: 4198: 4197: 4192: 4189: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4164: 4161: 4156: 4153: 4150: 4145: 4132: 4131: 4126: 4125:Colponemadida 4122: 4120: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4107: 4098: 4097: 4092: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4074: 4073: 4068: 4067: 4062: 4061:Karyorelictea 4059: 4056: 4055: 4050: 4049: 4048:Climacostomum 4044: 4043: 4038: 4037:Heterotrichea 4035: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4026: 4019: 4018: 4013: 4012: 4007: 4004: 4001: 4000: 3995: 3992: 3989: 3988: 3983: 3982: 3977: 3974: 3971: 3970: 3965: 3962: 3959: 3958: 3953: 3952: 3947: 3944: 3941: 3940: 3935: 3932: 3929: 3928: 3923: 3922: 3917: 3916: 3911: 3910: 3905: 3902: 3899: 3898: 3893: 3890: 3887: 3886: 3881: 3880:Muranotrichea 3878: 3875: 3874: 3869: 3868: 3863: 3860: 3857: 3856: 3851: 3848: 3845: 3844: 3839: 3836: 3833: 3832: 3827: 3824: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3806: 3797: 3796: 3791: 3790:Acavomonadida 3787: 3785: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3742: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3732: 3731: 3728: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3718:Stramenopiles 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3702: 3699: 3698: 3697: 3694: 3693: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3681:(major groups 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3661: 3657: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3633: 3628: 3626: 3621: 3619: 3614: 3613: 3610: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3555: 3551: 3543: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3506: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3475: 3474:Leucocytozoon 3466: 3463: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3415: 3412: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3384:(2): 467–70. 3383: 3379: 3375: 3368: 3365: 3360: 3353: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3283: 3280: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3242:Leucocytozoon 3236: 3234: 3230: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3172: 3169: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3121: 3118: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3070: 3067: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3019: 3016: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2988:(6): 1473–4. 2987: 2983: 2979: 2978:Philepittidae 2972: 2970: 2966: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2922: 2919: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2875: 2872: 2867: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2778: 2774: 2767: 2764: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2726:Leucocytozoon 2720: 2717: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2681: 2678: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2638: 2635: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2615:(5): 761–70. 2614: 2610: 2606: 2605:Leucocytozoon 2599: 2596: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2560: 2557: 2552: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2517: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2506:Leucocytozoon 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2486:Leucocytozoon 2483: 2479: 2478: 2477:Athene noctua 2473: 2472:Leucocytozoon 2469: 2465: 2464:Leucocytozoon 2461: 2457: 2453: 2452:Leucocytozoon 2445: 2440: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2387: 2384: 2380: 2379:L. schuffneri 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2359:L. francolini 2357: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2308: 2305: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2291: 2290: 2289: 2283: 2279: 2278: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2267: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2256: 2251: 2250: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2239: 2234: 2233: 2228: 2227: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2216: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2205: 2200: 2199: 2194: 2191: 2190: 2186: 2181: 2180: 2176:—white-eyes ( 2175: 2174:L. zosteropis 2172: 2169: 2168: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2156: 2151: 2150: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2138: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2126: 2121: 2120: 2115: 2114: 2109: 2108: 2103: 2102: 2097: 2096: 2091: 2090: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2078: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2066: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2054: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2042: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2030: 2025: 2024: 2019: 2018: 2013: 2012: 2011:Chen canagica 2007: 2006: 2001: 2000: 1999:Anas rubripes 1995: 1994: 1989: 1988: 1983: 1982: 1977: 1976: 1971: 1970: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1958: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1946: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1934: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1922: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1898: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1886: 1881: 1880: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1862: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1850: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1838: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1826: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1814: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1802: 1801:Lagopus mutus 1797: 1796: 1791: 1790: 1785: 1784: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1772: 1767: 1766:L. liothricis 1764: 1761: 1760: 1756:—blue vanga ( 1755: 1752: 1749: 1748: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1724: 1719: 1718: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1706: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1694: 1689: 1688: 1683: 1682: 1677: 1676: 1671: 1670: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1658: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1646: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1634: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1618:—Sugarbirds ( 1617: 1614: 1611: 1610: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1597:Campephagidae 1593: 1592: 1591:Apodidaeavian 1587: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1567:Caprimulgidae 1563: 1562:L. caprimulgi 1560: 1557: 1556: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1544: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1532: 1527: 1526: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1514: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1502: 1501:Pica nuttalia 1497: 1494: 1491: 1490: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1478: 1477:Malaconotidae 1473: 1472: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1460: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1448: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1430: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1415: 1414: 1408: 1406: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1391:United States 1388: 1384: 1377: 1375: 1373: 1372:Leucocytozoon 1368: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1353: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1320: 1318: 1317: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1306: 1301: 1300: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1288: 1283: 1282: 1277: 1276:Leucocytozoon 1272: 1270: 1266: 1261: 1259: 1254: 1252: 1244: 1242: 1240: 1236: 1234: 1233: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1219: 1214: 1210: 1208: 1204: 1203: 1202:Falconiformes 1197: 1195: 1194: 1188: 1186: 1185: 1180: 1176: 1171: 1169: 1168:Leucocytozoon 1165: 1157: 1155: 1153: 1152:Coraciiformes 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1125: 1123: 1119: 1117: 1116:mitochondrion 1113: 1109: 1104: 1097: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1068: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1014:Leucocytozoon 1006: 999: 997: 995: 991: 987: 986: 980: 978: 974: 971:of parasitic 970: 966: 965: 964:Leukocytozoon 960: 959: 950: 949: 948: 943: 942: 937: 936: 931: 930: 922: 921: 916: 915: 910: 909: 904: 903: 898: 897: 892: 891: 886: 885: 880: 879: 874: 873: 868: 867: 862: 861: 856: 855: 850: 849: 844: 843: 838: 837: 832: 831: 826: 825: 820: 819: 814: 813: 808: 807: 802: 801: 796: 795: 790: 789: 784: 783: 778: 777: 772: 771: 766: 765: 760: 759: 754: 753: 748: 747: 742: 741: 736: 735: 730: 729: 724: 723: 715: 714: 709: 708: 703: 702: 697: 696: 691: 690: 685: 684: 679: 678: 673: 672: 667: 666: 661: 660: 655: 654: 649: 648: 643: 642: 637: 636: 631: 630: 625: 624: 619: 618: 613: 612: 607: 606: 601: 600: 595: 594: 589: 588: 583: 582: 577: 576: 571: 570: 565: 564: 558:Woodcock 1910 556: 555: 550: 549: 544: 543: 538: 537: 532: 531: 526: 525: 520: 519: 511: 510: 505: 504: 499: 498: 490: 489: 484: 483: 478: 477: 472: 471: 466: 465: 460: 459: 454: 453: 448: 447: 442: 441: 436: 435: 430: 429: 424: 423: 418: 417: 412: 411: 406: 405: 400: 399: 394: 393: 388: 387: 382: 381: 376: 375: 370: 369: 364: 363: 358: 357: 352: 351: 346: 345: 340: 339: 334: 333: 328: 327: 322: 321: 316: 315: 310: 309: 304: 303: 298: 297: 292: 291: 286: 285: 279: 274: 271: 270: 269:Leucocytozoon 266: 263: 262: 259: 256: 253: 252: 249: 246: 243: 242: 239: 236: 233: 232: 229: 226: 223: 222: 219: 216: 213: 210: 209: 206: 203: 200: 197: 196: 193: 190: 187: 184: 183: 180: 177: 174: 173: 168: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 142: 139: 138:Leucocytozoon 135: 132: 124: 121: 113: 102: 99: 95: 92: 88: 85: 81: 78: 74: 71: â€“  70: 66: 65:Find sources: 59: 55: 49: 48: 43:This article 41: 37: 32: 31: 19: 6089:Haemosporida 5936: 5898:Platyproteum 5896: 5890: 5861: 5858:Chilovoridae 5836: 5802: 5796: 5790: 5784: 5778: 5740: 5734: 5722: 5710: 5672: 5662:Pronoctiluca 5660: 5648: 5631: 5628:Acrocoelidae 5608: 5604:Hematodinium 5602: 5599:Syndiniaceae 5592:Duboscquella 5590: 5578: 5549: 5546:Noctilucales 5526:Symbiodinium 5524: 5518: 5506: 5500: 5494: 5488: 5475:Prorocentrum 5473: 5461: 5455: 5452:Peridiniales 5443: 5437: 5425: 5419: 5413: 5407: 5368: 5356: 5345:Voromonadida 5331: 5320:Colpodellida 5306: 5303:Vitrellaceae 5294: 5291:Chromeraceae 5274:Apicomonadea 5244: 5234:Schizocystis 5232: 5226: 5222:Lymphotropha 5220: 5208: 5202: 5196: 5190: 5186:Farinocystis 5184: 5178: 5166: 5163:Gigaductidae 5091:Monoductidae 5057:Porosporidae 5053:Porosporicae 5035:Gregarinidae 5019:Gregarinicae 4987: 4961:Thiriotiidae 4956:Selenidiidae 4945:Zygocystinae 4929:Monocystinae 4925:Monocystidae 4887:Aseptatorina 4864: 4858: 4852: 4846: 4834: 4794: 4788: 4776: 4764: 4758: 4746: 4742:Defretinella 4740: 4734: 4724:Angeiocystis 4722: 4697: 4664: 4658: 4652: 4648:Hyaloklossia 4646: 4640: 4634: 4622: 4616: 4576: 4570: 4564: 4552: 4534:Barrouxiidae 4520: 4514: 4508: 4502: 4496: 4490: 4487:Aggregatidae 4461: 4458:Legerellidae 4449: 4437: 4434:Karyolysidae 4425: 4422:Hepatozoidae 4413: 4401: 4395: 4356: 4344: 4290: 4283: 4267: 4264:Theileriidae 4255: 4244:Piroplasmida 4230: 4227:Plasmodiidae 4219: 4218: 4208:Haemoproteus 4206: 4194: 4174:Aconoidasida 4128: 4119:Colponemadea 4110:Colponemidia 4094: 4088: 4070: 4064: 4052: 4046: 4040: 4015: 4009: 4006:Spirotrichea 3997: 3994:Protocruziea 3985: 3979: 3967: 3955: 3951:Chilodonella 3949: 3937: 3925: 3919: 3913: 3907: 3895: 3883: 3871: 3865: 3862:Litostomatea 3853: 3841: 3829: 3793: 3784:Acavomonadea 3775:Acavomonidia 3740:Opisthokonta 3523: 3486:(1): 63–72. 3483: 3480:Parasitology 3479: 3473: 3465: 3435:(2): 251–5. 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3414: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3367: 3317: 3313: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3282: 3249: 3246:J. Parasitol 3245: 3241: 3189: 3186:Parasitology 3185: 3181: 3177: 3171: 3141:(4): 545–7. 3138: 3135:J. Parasitol 3134: 3130: 3126: 3120: 3087: 3084:J. Parasitol 3083: 3079: 3075: 3069: 3036: 3033:J. Parasitol 3032: 3028: 3024: 3018: 2985: 2982:J. Parasitol 2981: 2977: 2938:(6): 373–7. 2935: 2931: 2927: 2921: 2888: 2885:J. Parasitol 2884: 2880: 2874: 2832: 2828: 2818: 2812: 2785:(2): 105–9. 2782: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2766: 2736:(2): 151–4. 2733: 2729: 2725: 2719: 2697:(5): 483–8. 2694: 2691:J. Parasitol 2690: 2686: 2680: 2647: 2643: 2637: 2612: 2609:Can. J. Zool 2608: 2604: 2598: 2576:(1): 39–44. 2573: 2569: 2565: 2559: 2532: 2505: 2494:Louis Sambon 2489: 2485: 2481: 2480:, naming it 2475: 2471: 2463: 2451: 2449: 2443: 2428:L. marchouxi 2427: 2423: 2419: 2413: 2408: 2404: 2399: 2396:L. molpastis 2395: 2389: 2388:The species 2382: 2378: 2375:L. sabrazesi 2374: 2370: 2366: 2363:L. kerandeli 2362: 2358: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2338: 2334: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2310: 2306: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2287: 2275: 2271: 2264: 2260: 2253: 2247: 2243: 2236: 2230: 2224: 2220: 2213: 2210:L. caulleryi 2209: 2202: 2196: 2192: 2179:Zosteropidae 2177: 2173: 2165: 2159: 2153: 2147: 2146:—eagle owl ( 2143: 2135: 2131: 2123: 2117: 2111: 2105: 2099: 2093: 2087: 2083: 2075: 2071: 2065:Spheniscidae 2063: 2059: 2051: 2050:—starlings ( 2047: 2039: 2035: 2027: 2021: 2015: 2009: 2003: 1997: 1991: 1985: 1979: 1973: 1967: 1963: 1955: 1951: 1943: 1940:L. schufneri 1939: 1931: 1927: 1919: 1916:L. sabrazesi 1915: 1907: 1903: 1897:Pycnonotidae 1895: 1892:L. pycnonoti 1891: 1883: 1877: 1874:L. pogoniuli 1873: 1870:—guinea fowl 1867: 1859: 1855: 1847: 1844:L. marchouxi 1843: 1835: 1831: 1823: 1819: 1811: 1807: 1799: 1793: 1787: 1781: 1777: 1769: 1765: 1757: 1753: 1745: 1742:L. hamiltoni 1741: 1733: 1729: 1721: 1715: 1711: 1703: 1699: 1691: 1685: 1679: 1673: 1667: 1663: 1655: 1651: 1645:Fringillidae 1643: 1639: 1631: 1628:L. dubreuili 1627: 1621:Promeropidae 1619: 1616:L. deswardti 1615: 1607: 1603: 1595: 1589: 1586:L. coracinae 1585: 1577: 1574:L. caulleryi 1573: 1565: 1564:—nightjars ( 1561: 1553: 1549: 1541: 1538:L. bouffardi 1537: 1534:), ptarmigan 1529: 1523: 1519: 1511: 1507: 1499: 1495: 1487: 1483: 1475: 1469: 1466:L. balmorali 1465: 1457: 1454:L. atkinsoni 1453: 1445: 1442:L. artamidis 1441: 1435: 1427: 1423: 1417: 1412: 1398: 1387:Canada geese 1382: 1381: 1378:Epidemiology 1371: 1369: 1354: 1339: 1324: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1303: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1285: 1281:Haemoproteus 1279: 1275: 1273: 1262: 1255: 1248: 1238: 1237: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1216: 1213:L. dubreuili 1212: 1211: 1206: 1200: 1198: 1191: 1189: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1172: 1167: 1163: 1161: 1136:Haemoproteus 1135: 1131: 1129: 1120: 1105: 1101: 1088:microgametes 1069: 1041:erythrocytes 1038: 1026:biting midge 1021: 1013: 1011: 990:biting midge 983: 981: 963: 962: 957: 956: 955: 945: 939: 933: 927: 918: 912: 906: 900: 894: 888: 882: 876: 870: 864: 858: 852: 846: 840: 834: 828: 822: 816: 810: 804: 798: 792: 786: 780: 774: 768: 762: 756: 750: 744: 738: 732: 726: 720: 717:Laveran 1902 711: 705: 699: 693: 687: 681: 675: 669: 663: 657: 651: 645: 639: 633: 627: 621: 615: 609: 603: 597: 591: 585: 579: 573: 567: 561: 552: 546: 540: 534: 528: 522: 516: 507: 501: 495: 492:Ziemann 1898 486: 480: 474: 468: 462: 456: 450: 444: 438: 432: 426: 420: 414: 408: 402: 396: 390: 384: 378: 372: 366: 360: 354: 348: 342: 336: 330: 324: 318: 312: 306: 300: 294: 288: 282: 281: 268: 267: 257: 248:Haemosporida 238:Aconoidasida 211: 198: 185: 153: 137: 131: 116: 107: 97: 90: 83: 76: 64: 52:Please help 47:verification 44: 5961:Wikispecies 5850:Chilovorida 5833:Algovoridae 5816:Myzomonadea 5786:Ellobiopsis 5767:Ellobiopsea 5742:Rastrimonas 5724:Phagodinium 5719:Phagodinida 5707:Perkinsidae 5690:Perkinsozoa 5669:Psammosidae 5580:Amoebophyra 5571:Syndiniales 5508:Karlodinium 5496:Gymnodinium 5490:Amphidinium 5395:Dinokaryota 5241:Syncystidae 5228:Machadoella 5087:Leidyanidae 5043:Metameridae 5001:Septatorina 4966:Urosporidae 4920:Lecudinidae 4915:Ganymedidae 4778:Mackinnonia 4760:Coelotropha 4736:Coelotropha 4686:Ixorheorida 4624:Sarcocystis 4475:Eimeriorina 4403:Dactylosoma 4397:Babesiosoma 4346:Gemmocystis 4312:Conoidasida 4292:Nephromyces 4160:Apicomplexa 4054:Blepharisma 4017:Stylonychia 3999:Protocruzia 3976:Prostomatea 3964:Plagiopylea 3921:Tetrahymena 3892:Nassophorea 3885:Muranothrix 3867:Balantidium 2650:(3): 72–6. 2498:Earl O'Roke 2400:L. brimonti 2383:L. macleani 2335:L. brimonti 2321:L. jakamowi 2307:L. andrewsi 2144:L. ziemanni 2101:Buteo buteo 2072:L. timaliae 2062:—penguins ( 1981:Anas bochas 1964:L. simondii 1954:—redstart ( 1909:Estrildidae 1904:L. roubaudi 1820:L. macleani 1808:L. maccluri 1712:L. greineri 1550:L. brimonti 1484:L. bennetti 1424:L. andrewsi 1413:Bird hosts 1251:Gametocytes 1239:L. ziemanni 1098:Description 1065:gametocytes 1049:macrophages 977:Apicomplexa 924:Sambon 1908 228:Apicomplexa 6083:Categories 5892:Filipodium 5887:Squirmidae 5879:Squirmidea 5825:Algovorida 5633:Acrocoelus 5538:Noctilucea 5515:Suessiales 5463:Peridinium 5457:Pfiesteria 5415:Histioneis 5409:Dinophysis 5358:Alphamonas 5333:Colpodella 5283:Chromerida 5210:Menzbieria 5198:Lipocystis 5192:Lipotropha 5168:Gigaductus 5095:Monoicidae 5013:Fusionidae 5009:Fusionicae 4989:Siedleckia 4866:Veloxidium 4836:Exoschizon 4796:Myriospora 4755:Grelliidae 4694:Ixorheidae 4666:Toxoplasma 4566:Cyclospora 4561:Eimeriidae 4504:Merocystis 4498:Grasseella 4451:Klossiella 4439:Karyolysus 4427:Hepatozoon 4379:Adeleorina 4252:Babesiidae 4232:Plasmodium 4096:Myrionecta 4090:Mesodinium 4085:Mesodiniea 3969:Plagiopyla 3927:Vorticella 3915:Paramecium 3826:Armophorea 3809:Ciliophora 3795:Acavomonas 3425:Simuliudae 3308:Plasmodium 2775:Timaliidae 2512:References 2460:leukocytes 2409:L. gentili 2405:L. monardi 2371:L. mesnili 2367:L. martini 2349:L. numidae 2325:L. mansoni 2317:L. bonasae 2301:L. simondi 2297:L. anseris 2244:L. simondi 2193:L. bonasae 2077:Timaliidae 2038:—turkeys ( 2002:), geese ( 1987:Anas diazi 1975:Aix sponsa 1894:—bulbuls ( 1858:—sunbird ( 1832:L. majoris 1771:Timaliidae 1700:L. gentili 1666:—finches ( 1652:L. frascai 1642:—finches ( 1640:L. dutoiti 1555:Pycnonotus 1552:—bulbuls ( 1520:L. bonasae 1508:L. bishopi 1468:—shrikes ( 1436:L. anseris 1426:—chicken ( 1409:Host range 1383:L. simondi 1365:emaciation 1305:Culicoides 1287:Plasmodium 1227:L. majoris 1184:Culicoides 1148:Piciformes 1132:Plasmodium 1112:micronemes 1045:leukocytes 1034:merozoites 1030:sporozoite 1000:Life cycle 973:alveolates 80:newspapers 5863:Chilovora 5712:Perkinsus 5699:Perkinsea 5610:Syndinium 5551:Noctiluca 5520:Polarella 5445:Gonyaulax 5427:Oxyphysis 5370:Voromonas 5246:Syncystis 5180:Apicystis 4642:Hammondia 4636:Besnoitia 4618:Frenkelia 4492:Aggregata 4463:Legerella 4387:Adeleidae 4269:Theileria 4191:Garniidae 4130:Colponema 3987:Holophrya 3957:Tokophrya 3735:Amoebozoa 3713:Alveolata 3701:Cryptista 3676:Eukaryota 3647:Alveolata 3639:Eukaryota 3374:Bubo bubo 3334:1776-1042 3194:CiteSeerX 2851:1252-607X 2508:species. 2420:L. turtur 2353:L. neavei 2345:L. costai 2329:L. lovati 2293:L. anatis 2272:L. tawaki 2261:L. smithi 2221:L. lovati 2149:Bubo bubo 2134:—barbet ( 2128:), grouse 2060:L. tawaki 2053:Sturnidae 2048:L. sturni 2041:Meleagris 2036:L. smithi 1868:L. neavei 1778:L. lovati 1754:L. lairdi 1588:—swifts ( 1543:Ploceidae 1447:Artamidae 1418:L. anatis 1399:L. smithi 1344:, liver, 1321:Pathology 1308:species. 1269:cytomeres 1142:or early 1140:Oligocene 1126:Evolution 1108:rhoptries 1061:cytomeres 1018:black fly 218:Alveolata 179:Eukaryota 6119:Simulium 5952:Q1708883 5946:Wikidata 5838:Algovora 5674:Psammosa 5650:Oxyrrhis 5563:Syndinea 5439:Ceratium 5204:Mattesia 5067:Acutidae 4699:Ixorheis 4660:Neospora 4578:Isospora 4522:Selysina 4323:Coccidia 4011:Euplotes 3873:Dileptus 3850:Colpodea 3730:Amorphea 3708:Rhizaria 3696:Hacrobia 3686:Excavata 3671:Bacteria 3500:84506447 3457:10885934 3449:18791737 3406:29793321 3398:18818949 3352:35475784 3314:Parasite 3266:15986615 3216:17201998 3133:Blyth". 3112:12099430 3010:24081599 3002:15715246 2960:23198260 2952:15940526 2905:15715245 2859:18642502 2829:Parasite 2807:11870669 2799:16612655 2750:15841351 2672:23546240 2590:35811974 2414:L. toddi 2390:L. galli 2182:species) 2084:L. toddi 2080:species) 2068:species) 2056:species) 2044:species) 1912:species) 1900:species) 1852:), doves 1774:species) 1730:L. grusi 1648:species) 1624:species) 1570:species) 1558:species) 1546:species) 1516:species) 1480:species) 1471:Laniidae 1450:species) 1401:affects 1357:anorexia 1299:Simulium 1258:merogony 1218:Turdidae 1207:L. toddi 1193:Simulium 1158:Taxonomy 1084:ookinete 985:Simulium 276:Species 254:Family: 224:Phylum: 175:Domain: 6020:1050823 6007:5428622 5994:2908745 5502:Karenia 4766:Grellia 4572:Eimeria 4510:Ovivora 4257:Babesia 4149:Myzozoa 4066:Loxodes 4042:Stentor 3897:Nassula 3855:Colpoda 3831:Metopus 3745:Animals 3666:Archaea 3343:9044968 3274:7661872 3224:8703315 3155:3279409 3104:3285453 3061:4206882 3053:3278486 3031:(L.)". 2913:3260365 2758:1135988 2711:3273257 2664:9717222 2468:Tbilisi 2434:History 2187:Vectors 1327:anaemia 1265:Meronts 1232:Paridae 967:) is a 264:Genus: 244:Order: 234:Class: 94:scholar 6066:722977 6053:277216 6050:uBio: 6040:NZOR: 6033:195944 4196:Garnia 3981:Coleps 3723:Plants 3660:Domain 3538:  3498:  3455:  3447:  3404:  3396:  3350:  3340:  3332:  3320:: 22. 3304:coxIII 3272:  3264:  3222:  3214:  3196:  3163:822146 3161:  3153:  3110:  3102:  3059:  3051:  3008:  3000:  2958:  2950:  2911:  2903:  2857:  2849:  2805:  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Index

Leucocytozoidae

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"Leucocytozoon smithi" in a stained blood smear from a turkey
Scientific classification
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Eukaryota
Diaphoretickes
SAR
Alveolata
Apicomplexa
Aconoidasida
Haemosporida
Leucocytozoidae
Leucocytozoon
Leucocytozoon acridotheris
Leucocytozoon alcedinis
Leucocytozoon alcedis
Leucocytozoon anatis
Leucocytozoon andrewsi
Leucocytozoon anellobiae

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