529:'s mother, took residence. The Serer kings are buried elsewhere in Sine. Only the lingeers are buried in Tioupane. Non-crowned lingeers are also buried in Tioupane, but in a different section within the graveyard, away from the crowned lingeers. Like the graves of the Serer kings, the graves of the lingeers are also marked and there are historian on site that narrates their genealogy and history. Like the other Serer historic and sacred grounds, the burial site of Tioupane has been added to the list of sites of historic importance by the Senegalese Ministry of Culture (2006 decree).
36:
690:
450:. The alliance was prompted not by the threat of Moorish expansion – a position encouraged by the opposition – but rather to construct a more resistant bloc against colonial invasion. The marriage faced a not insignificant amount of opposition within Waalo, yet was carried through by Djembet in order to halt French political expansion in the region. In 1841, she chose the king to succeed Fara Penda Adam Sal upon his death.
662:
648:
473:: “The Most Royal Lady is a female figure belonging to pre-Islamic society, recalling the 'Linguere' ... She is the reflection of the historical heroines of the Senegalese past such as the heiress of the Waalo throne, Lingeer Jombot who was in charge of the political affairs of the Waalo region and was succeeded by her sister Nade Yalla, wife of Maroso, the Prince of Kajoor”.
676:
593:. Following the kidnappng of the Serer Princes, she was forcefully married off to Abdoulaye Ouli Bâ—one of Maba's brothers without her father's permission. After Kumba Ndoffene's victory at Fandane-Thiouthioune, the King gave the order to have Abdoulaye Ouli Bâ castrated for his audacity in entering his daughter into a forced marriage.
311:(King of Sine and Saloum respectively) after his own coronation ceremony. In the economic realm, like her Wolof counterpart, the Lingeer of Serer societies controlled several villages, the contributions of which she was free to utilize. The inhabitants of such villages would traditionally cultivate a field of grain for their Lingeer.
456:
was the sister of
Djembet and succeeded her in 1846. Her political action was similarly momentous and controversial; she is notable for her refusal of a French alliance. She prevented her son from contesting the accession of Djembet's son to the throne. One scholar attributes this choice to N’Daate
287:
Historians are careful to not understate her influence in the pre-colonial period; the
Lingeer is said to both make and unmake kings. In the Wolof state, the Lingeer's political significance traditionally included: control of some of the king's land, which they would administer by using captives;
240:
system, as a candidate for kingship could not succeed to the throne if he was not a member of the reigning materlineage, and thus, the
Lingeer's maternal lineage was highly significant. In similarity, a candidate could not succeed to the throne as king if he was not a member of the noble reigning
335:
The power position that the
Lingeer occupied was a bi- and sometimes tri-cameral one: her leadership activities were carried out at the highest tier, as a co-monarch. In the case of a conflict between a Lingeer and the king, a Lingeer would sometimes create new political alliances.
429:
descent, was offered marriage and military alliance from a
Lingeer who had been recently deposed by a new king. Together, they defeated and killed the king. They then proceeded to select a new candidate, royal by birth, but also potentially more malleable to their control.
504:
features the character
Linguere Ramatou as its protagonist. Her first name is an alternate spelling of Lingeer and she has in fact been described as a royal of sorts: film scholars write that she is “an outcast-cum-queen who sits contemplating the horizon”.
343:, a vast grouping of Saharan immigrants that established a commercial network linking Senegambia with North Africa and the western Sahara. In these instances, the Idaw al-Hajj served as the queen's religious advisors.
279:(a man who could trace royal descent on both his paternal and maternal line). It is from these Lingeers (a woman of pure royal blood) that a king would seek to marry. The king himself was a member of the Garmi class.
1491:
Suivie de notes sur les traditions orales et les sources Ă©crites concernant le royaume du Sine par
Charles Becker et Victor Martin. (1972). Bulletin de l'Ifan, Tome 34, Série B, n° 4, (1972). pp. 726–729 (PDF:
1381:
Suivie de notes sur les traditions orales et les sources Ă©crites concernant le royaume du Sine par
Charles Becker et Victor Martin. (1972). Bulletin de l'Ifan, Tome 34, Série B, n° 4, (1972). pp. 726-729 (PDF: pp.
433:
Historians have cited instances in which the
Lingeer's role extended into negotiating the relationship between the Wolof and Serer kingdoms. One such example involves the Lingeer Djembet (many variations: Jembet,
288:
provision of food and maintenance for their retainers; and integration into the clan system. Members of the community needed to charm and persuade a
Lingeer if they held hopes of acquiring a political career.
1404:
Ba-Curry, Ginette (July 2008). "African Women, Tradition and Change in Cheikh Hamidou Kane's Ambiguous Adventure and Mariama Bâ's So Long a Letter". Journal of Pan African Studies, July 2008, vol 2, no.5.
1460:
Adande, Alexis B.A., & Arinze, Emmanuel, "The place of Women in the Museum of Saint-Louis, Museums & urban culture in West Africa, Institut africain international, Oxford, 2002, p. 145-146
879:
Zucarelli, François (1973-01-01). "De la chefferie traditionnelle au canton: évolution du canton colonial au Sénégal, 1855-1960 (Evolution of the Colonial "Canton" (County) in Senegal, 1885-1960)".
351:
While many of the Lingeer are no longer known of, some of these women made their way into the historical record for their leadership and, in later cases, resistance to colonial incursions.
273:. In Wolof and Serer tradition, a woman who could trace royal descent on both her paternal and maternal line automatically became a Lingeer. The male equivalent was
245:
where women played a significant role compared to the Wolof who adopted Islam. Various Lingeers have been noted for their resistance efforts to colonial conquest.
2426:
2117:
775:
2132:
1053:
James L. A. Webb, Jr. (1995-01-01). "The Evolution of the Idaw al-Hajj Commercial Diaspora (L'Ă©volution de la diaspora marchande Idaw al-Hajj)".
325:. The géwél sang listeners to sleep at night and awakened them in the morning. The types of songs sung to honor a Lingeer's sovereignty include:
2222:
2127:
2112:
2107:
1541:
1414:(Sénégal), (Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker), Version légèrement remaniée par rapport à celle qui est parue en 1986–87.
574:
375:
156:
2232:
834:. Quote: "The Serer determine descent by both the mother's and father's lines, but matrilineage plays a more important role in Serer life."
2227:
1514:
1482:
1465:
1455:
1442:
1432:
1422:
1366:
1331:
1115:
1099:
982:
759:
732:
339:
Towards the end of the seventeenth century, a relationship was established throughout many Wolof lands between the Lingeers and the
1427:
Klein, Martin A. "Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum, 1847–1914." Edinburgh University Press (1968) pp 11–15 & 262,
1509:, Éd. des Archives contemporaines, Paris ; Agence universitaire de la francophonie, Paris, Montréal, 2006, pp. 327–328
314:
Many noble families sent forth their daughters to be followers of the Lingeer; however, captives often filled this role as well.
2411:
1886:
1881:
831:
811:
586:
465:
The character of the Lingeer has been featured in Senegambian literature. Ginette Ba-Curry writes of the Lingeer presence in
2421:
1026:
Buri Mboup, Samba (2008). "Conflicting leadership paradigms in Africa: A need for an African Renaissance perspective1".
1691:
2018:
776:"African Women, Tradition and Change in Cheikh Hamidou Kane's Ambiguous Adventure and Mariama Bâ's So Long a Letter"
1933:
1928:
1769:
1534:
1450:
Sheldon, Kathleen E., "Historical dictionary of women in Sub-Saharan Africa, vol. 1, Scarecrow Press, 2005, p. 148
1417:
Sheldon, Kathleen E., "Historical dictionary of women in Sub-Saharan Africa", vol. 1, Scarecrow Press, 2005, p 148
751:
149:
2177:
2028:
570:
2396:
2122:
1896:
1641:
1140:
Colvin, Lucie Gallistel (1974-01-01). "Islam and the State of Kajoor: A Case of Successful Resistance to Jihad".
2172:
550:
2033:
1447:
Anyidoho, Kofi, "Cross rhythms", Volume 1, Occasional papers in African folklore, p 118, Trickster Press (1983)
1646:
1437:
Glinga, Werner, Diop, Papa Samba, "Sénégal-Forum. IKO-Verlag für Interkulturelle Kommunikation, 1996. p 110,
1175:
Ndiaye, Cheikh M. (2006-01-01). "Histoire et mythes du Pays Sérère dans la poésie de Léopold Sédar Senghor".
1110:
Glinga, Werner, Diop, Papa Samba, "Sénégal-Forum. IKO-Verlag für Interkulturelle Kommunikation, 1996. p 110,
960:
Introduction, bibliographie et Notes par Charles Becker, BIFAN, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3-4, 1986–1987, p. 28-30
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2023:
2013:
1953:
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was generally given to the mother or sister of the king, and sometimes the first wife of the king (the
241:
patriclans. That was particular so among the Serer who retained much of their old culture, customs and
35:
422:
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2063:
1686:
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525:(in modern-day Senegal). The historic village of Tioupane was where the crowned lingeer, usually the
488:
484:
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performers depict the Lingeer character as playing an important role in their society's functioning.
453:
407:
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in 1867 where the forces of Kumba Ndoffene defeated the Muslim Marabouts, killing their leader
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Barlet, Olivier; Thackway, Melissa (2015). "FESPACO 2015: After the Transition, What Next?".
1202:
Barlet, Olivier; Thackway, Melissa (2015). "FESPACO 2015: After the Transition, What Next?".
1028:
International Journal of African Renaissance Studies - Multi-, Inter- and Transdisciplinarity
236:. The Lingeer was considered the “great princess of royal courts.” These kingdoms utilized a
2391:
2153:
1963:
1871:
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1211:
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553:, 17th century Queen and Queen Mother of Cayor and Baol, and mother of Damel Lat Sukabe Fall
415:
411:
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213:
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1676:
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In artistic Serer expression, especially in oral poetry and the culture of the traditional
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1968:
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1983:
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442:), Mohamed El-Habib. This political marriage provided the couple with control over the
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242:
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229:
84:
55:
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1978:
1973:
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1841:
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Le fonctionnement de la justice indigène dans le Cercle du Sine-Saloum de 1903 à 1931
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804:
Ethnic Diversity and Integration in The Gambia: The Land, The People and The Culture,
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577:. She was kidnapped by the Senegambian Muslim forces during the surprise attack of
526:
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304:
205:
189:
70:
421:
The Lingeer's role sometimes extended to overthrowing the current king. In 1673,
237:
919:
Creevey, Lucy (1996-01-01). "Islam, Women and the Role of the State in Senegal".
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Bulletin de l'Institut français d'Afrique noire: Sciences humaines, Volume 34
265:. In this case, it meant a woman who could trace royal descent from both her
498:
1066:
892:
585:). That surprise attack against the Serer people of Sine precipitated the
2207:
1856:
1814:
1716:
1681:
262:
225:
129:
1342:
Adande, Alexis B.A., & Arinze, Emmanuel, "The place of Women in the
1188:
844:"DĂ©pendance et DĂ©veloppement Le Statut de la Femme en Afrique Moderne".
1759:
1666:
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1861:
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1477:, "The Cambridge history of Africa: From c. 1600 to c. 1790", p 486,
1343:
1127:
1094:, "The Cambridge history of Africa: From c. 1600 to c. 1790", p 486,
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185:
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110:
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Yaala's desire to not “break up the power of the unified kingdom.”
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1126:
Anyidoho, Kofi, "Cross rhythms", Volume 1, Occasional papers in
638:
117:
63:
1523:
1519:
378:. She is an early ancestor of all the Joos who went on to rule
1301:
MINISTERE DE LA CULTURE ET DU PATRIMOINE HISTORIQUE CLASSE
321:, a professional singer or musician, regionally known as a
1305:
ARRETE MINISTERIEL n° 2711 mcphc-dpc en date du 3 mai 2006
1295:
1293:
1318:
Sheldon, Kathleen E., "Historical dictionary of women in
824:
Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum, 1847–1914.
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966:
299:, the Lingeer held significant power and was crowned
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2006:
1952:
1919:
1910:
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1768:
1740:
1705:
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1558:
438:). In 1833, Djembet married the king of Trarza (in
573:(French: Selbé Diouf), daughter of King of Sine—
410:was the mother of the possibly mythical monarch
977:. Indiana University Press. pp. 124–135.
1535:
150:
16:Title given to the mother or sister of a king
8:
21:
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1916:
1614:
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1520:
1275:, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, 2001, p. 12
157:
143:
826:Edinburgh University Press (1968) p. 13,
2118:Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof
1507:Les mots du patrimoine : le Sénégal
386:(c. 1367). Lingeer Ndoye Demba, also of
317:The Lingeer was accompanied by a female
2133:Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof
1299:Republic of Senegal, Official Journal,
1130:folklore, p 118, Trickster Press (1983)
708:
560:(active in 1830s; died September 1846).
547:(c. 1367) (granddaughter of Fatim Beye)
224:. The word "Lingeer" means "queen" or "
2223:The Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof
2128:Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali Jaxateh Manneh
2113:Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof
2108:Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof
1505:in Geneviève N'Diaye Corréard (dir.),
1008:
998:
861:
851:
575:Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof
402:as the region's queen and Princess of
20:
354:One of the earliest known Lingeer is
7:
2233:The Royal House of Semou Njekeh Joof
914:
912:
910:
769:
767:
1357:, Institut africain international,
717:"Historical dictionary of women in
461:Literary and filmic representations
973:Penna-Diaw, Luciana (2014-01-01).
745:"Islam and Imperialism in Senegal
14:
2228:The Royal House of Jogo Siga Joof
688:
674:
660:
646:
34:
2427:African traditional governments
1503:« linguère, linguer »
1352:Museums & urban culture in
774:Ba-Curry, Ginette (July 2008).
567:, succeeded her sister in 1846.
374:. She was once married to King
261:), the title could also mean a
1887:Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune
1882:States headed by Serer Lamanes
1142:The Journal of African History
587:Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune
513:All crowned Serer lingeers of
1:
1489:Chronique du royaume du Sine.
1379:Chronique du royaume du Sine.
1177:Nouvelles Études Francophones
921:Journal of Religion in Africa
494:feature a Lingeer character.
359:
327:taggate, mĂ dd, woy u lingeer,
180:) was the title given to the
2178:Lingeer Selbeh Ndoffene Joof
2095:(ancient kings / landowners)
571:Lingeer Selbeh Ndoffene Joof
382:, such as her granddaughter
362:1335), the matriarch of the
1259:10.2979/blackcamera.7.1.238
1251:10.2979/blackcamera.7.1.238
1224:10.2979/blackcamera.7.1.238
1216:10.2979/blackcamera.7.1.238
1055:Cahiers d'Études Africaines
881:Cahiers d'Études Africaines
754:(1968) pp 11-15 & 262,
2443:
2154:Queens & Queen Mothers
752:Edinburgh University Press
283:Characteristics and powers
2345:
2123:Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof
1897:Timeline of Serer history
1412:"Histoire du Sine-Saloum"
1154:10.1017/s002185370001389x
1040:10.1080/18186870802321608
414:, who was emperor of the
291:In the Serer Kingdoms of
253:Although the royal title
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1632:Classical Ndut teachings
958:Histoire du Sine-Saloum.
390:origin, established the
425:, a marabout of likely
376:Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali
2412:African female royalty
2143:Maad Semou Njekeh Joof
2138:Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof
715:Sheldon, Kathleen E.,
496:Djibril Diop Mambety's
370:Princess and Queen of
2218:Joos Maternal Dynasty
1067:10.3406/cea.1995.1456
893:10.3406/cea.1973.2710
392:Joos Maternal Dynasty
364:Joos Maternal Dynasty
200:, and previously the
2422:African noble titles
2183:Serer maternal clans
1287:, IFAN, 1972, p. 742
1061:(138/139): 455–475.
975:Songs by Wolof Women
800:Mwakikagile, Godfrey
624:Brak (African kings)
485:Abderrahmane Sissako
243:traditional religion
2173:Lingeer Ngoné Dièye
2168:Lingeer Ndoye Demba
1892:Battle of Logandème
1857:Kingdom of Biffeche
1487:Diouf, Niokhobaye.
1377:Diouf, Niokhobaye.
1361:, 2002, p. 145-146
556:Lingeer Djembet or
551:Lingeer Ngoné Dièye
545:Lingeer Ndoye Demba
471:Ambiguous Adventure
467:Cheikh Hamidou Kane
384:Lingeer Ndoye Demba
30:
2163:Lingeer Fatim Beye
1320:Sub-Saharan Africa
719:Sub-Saharan Africa
539:Lingeer Fatim Beye
356:Lingeer Fatim Beye
98:Line of succession
2379:
2378:
2375:
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2362:Toucouleur people
2334:
2333:
2103:Lamane Jegan Joof
2002:
2001:
1862:kingdom of Saloum
1823:
1822:
1800:Point of Sangomar
822:Klein, Martin A.
782:. Itibari M. Zulu
743:Klein, Martin A.
565:Ndaté Yalla Mbodj
454:Ndaté Yalla Mbodj
188:of a king in the
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1872:Serer prehistory
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533:List of Lingeers
423:Ndyai Sal or Sar
412:Ndiadiane Ndiaye
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220:in pre-colonial
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122:Religious titles
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2019:Chere (or saay)
1998:
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1867:Kingdom of Sine
1852:Kingdom of Baol
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1727:Kopé Tiatie Cac
1707:Supreme deities
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1492:pp. 16–18)
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1326:, 2005, p. 148
1324:Scarecrow Press
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887:(50): 213–238.
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848:. No 139. 1973.
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806:(2010), p 231,
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696:Monarchy portal
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408:Fatoumata Sall
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2367:Wolof people
2296:Maad a Sinig
2275:
2248:royal titles
2195:royal houses
2087:
1969:Lehar/Laalaa
1912:Demographics
1837:Amar Godomat
1770:Sacred sites
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1399:Bibliography
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1239:Black Camera
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1203:
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1183:(2): 23–32.
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854:cite journal
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784:. Retrieved
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604:Maad a Sinig
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366:. She was a
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192:kingdoms of
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71:Maad a Sinig
44:Royal titles
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18:
2357:Lebu people
2352:Jola people
2316:Sene family
2311:Sarr family
2306:Njie family
2301:Ngum family
2291:Maad Saloum
2266:Joof family
2261:Faye family
2213:Joof family
2203:Faye family
2029:Inheritance
1790:Sine-Saloum
1750:Kumba Njaay
1732:Roog (main)
1354:West Africa
1348:Saint-Louis
747:Sine-Saloum
609:Maad Saloum
579:Mbin o Ngor
398:kingdom of
309:Maad Saloum
216:, Baol and
138:This box:
78:Maad Saloum
23:Serer royal
2417:Matriarchy
2386:Categories
1934:Mauritania
1805:Tattaguine
1785:Sine River
1618:Key topics
1322:, vol. 1,
832:0852240295
812:9987932223
786:2016-11-29
723:, vol. 1,
440:Mauritania
406:. Lingeer
204:; and the
1954:Languages
1920:By region
1687:Symbolism
1647:Festivals
1642:Criticism
1011:ignored (
1001:cite book
583:Keur Ngor
541:(c. 1335)
469:'s novel
56:religious
27:religious
2244:Families
2208:Guelowar
2034:Marriage
1815:Yaboyabo
1717:Kokh Kox
1682:Saltigue
1672:Religion
1610:Religion
1580:Niominka
1303: :
1189:25701974
598:See also
563:Lingeer
519:Tioupane
490:Timbuktu
478:griotte,
446:and the
427:Tukuloor
267:paternal
238:bilineal
226:princess
178:Linguère
130:Saltigue
2392:Lingeer
2276:Lingeer
2093:Lamanes
2074:Royalty
2007:Culture
1939:Senegal
1829:History
1760:Tiurakh
1667:Pangool
1657:Junjung
1652:Jaaniiw
1560:Peoples
1128:African
1075:4392604
941:1581646
901:4391209
523:Diakhao
394:in the
347:History
303:by the
301:Lingeer
255:Lingeer
222:Senegal
172:(also:
170:Lingeer
92:Lingeer
2326:Thilas
2321:Teigne
2271:Lamane
2039:Mbalax
1964:Cangin
1929:Gambia
1847:Khasso
1780:Fatick
1755:Takhar
1662:Lamane
1570:Laalaa
1553:topics
1513:
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1464:
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1441:
1431:
1421:
1382:16—18)
1365:
1359:Oxford
1344:Museum
1330:
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1187:
1162:180992
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634:Thilas
502:(1992)
500:Hyènes
492:(2014)
448:Trarza
297:Saloum
198:Saloum
186:sister
182:mother
174:Linger
111:Thilas
85:Teigne
54:(also
52:Lamane
29:titles
2256:Buumi
2090:) and
2084:Kings
2059:Tassu
2049:Sabar
2044:Njuup
2024:Death
2014:Birth
1994:Serer
1989:Safen
1984:Palor
1810:Tukar
1692:Women
1677:Sadax
1595:Saafi
1590:Palor
1551:Serer
1255:JSTOR
1220:JSTOR
1185:JSTOR
1158:JSTOR
1071:JSTOR
989:JSTOR
937:JSTOR
897:JSTOR
703:Notes
629:Buumi
614:Damel
444:Waalo
416:Jolof
400:Waalo
396:Wolof
388:Serer
380:Waalo
368:Serer
331:buur.
323:griot
319:géwél
276:Garmi
230:Serer
228:" in
218:Waalo
214:Jolof
210:Cayor
206:Wolof
190:Serer
104:Buumi
2286:Maad
2281:Loul
2088:Maad
2064:Njom
2054:Tama
1979:Noon
1974:Ndut
1795:Somb
1722:Koox
1697:Xooy
1627:CiiÉ—
1600:Seex
1585:Noon
1575:Ndut
1511:ISBN
1479:ISBN
1462:ISBN
1452:ISBN
1439:ISBN
1429:ISBN
1419:ISBN
1363:ISBN
1328:ISBN
1112:ISBN
1096:ISBN
1013:help
979:ISBN
866:help
828:ISBN
808:ISBN
756:ISBN
729:ISBN
639:Loul
581:(or
515:Sine
404:Sine
372:Sine
329:and
307:and
295:and
293:Sine
269:and
232:and
194:Sine
158:edit
151:talk
144:view
118:Loul
64:Maad
25:and
2246:and
1350:,
1346:of
1247:doi
1212:doi
1150:doi
1063:doi
1036:doi
929:doi
889:doi
487:’s
184:or
176:or
2388::
1473:,
1410:,
1292:^
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1241:.
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1181:21
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1038::
1032:3
1015:)
995:.
943:.
931::
903:.
891::
868:)
789:.
721:"
358:(
58:)
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