148:
22:
308:
243:
on modes of transport entering the city, therefore representing a fiscal and legal as well as physical limit to the city. The suburbs inside of the walls were thus taxed at a higher rate than those outside the walls even before their formal incorporation into the city in 1850. One consequence of
373:
Walter Blasi, Franz Sauer: Die
Kuruzzenschanze zwischen Petronell und Neusiedl am See. In: Bundesdenkmalamt (publ.): Fundberichte aus Österreich - Materialhefte. Reihe A, Sonderheft 19 (FÖMat A/Sonderheft 19), Berger & Söhne, Vienna, 2012. ISSN 1993-1271 (false ISSN-number, correct ISSN
264:
had become militarily obsolete, Vienna was growing at a rapid rate. As railway and road construction kept pace with this growth, eventually the space occupied by the fortifications was replaced with transportation facilities. For example, in 1846 the terminus for the
298:
were removed in March 1894, leaving behind a very wide belt around the city. Starting in 1895 this area was filled with a second ring road as well as the viaduct for the Vienna
Metropolitan Railway, which is how the area remains today.
175:
was built at each of the 18 city gates. These chapels were intended to provide a place for all travellers to and from the city to pray or hear mass at the city limit. The only remaining chapel still in its original position is the
94:
All of the residents of Vienna and its suburbs between the age of 18 and 60 years old were required to work (or provide a replacement worker) on the fortifications, which consisted of a zigzagging, palisade-reinforced, earthen
400:
Wien seit 60 Jahren. Zur
Erinnerung an die Feier der 60jährigen Regierung Seiner Majestät des Kaisers Franz Josef I. der Jugend Wiens gewidmet von dem Gemeinderate ihrer Heimatstadt. Gerlach & Wiedling, Vienna, 1908, p.
294:. On 18 December 1890 the decision was made to incorporate the remaining outlying suburbs from 1 January 1892. This decision rendered the fortifications as a duty control limit obsolete. The remainders of the
126:
or outlying places (today’s 10th through 19th districts, incorporated 1892). The most important arterial roads entered the city via drawbridges and gates; each of these locations additionally included a
446:
541:
536:
551:
252:) right outside of the wall (dubbed the "Holy Roman Empire’s biggest pub") who took advantage of the lower taxes to sell food and drinks at a significantly cheaper rate.
546:
482:
521:
227:
465:
434:
290:
In 1874, the unincorporated parts of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th districts that lay outside of the wall were incorporated as a new 10th district,
556:
388:
531:
226:, but it did discourage raids by the aforementioned Kuruc. It did, however, protect dangerous revolutionary rabble during
43:, that lay between the city’s suburbs and outlying villages. Constructed in 1704, it was razed in 1894 to make way for the
103:. Construction was completed in only four months. In 1738, the earthworks were reinforced with a layer of bricks.
233:
From 1829 on, the walls (specifically the gates leading into the city) primarily served as a location to charge a
383:
Otto
Antonia Graf: Otto Wagner. Band 1: Das Werk des Architekten 1860–1902. 2nd edn., Böhlau, Vienna etc., 1994,
188:
at the border between the 2nd and 20th districts, but it has been moved a few metres from its original position.
266:
96:
270:
75:
rebels). It was part of a defensive line that followed the Austro-Hungarian border as delineated by the
100:
64:
147:
234:
526:
391:, S. 253 (Schriften des Instituts fĂĽr Kunstgeschichte. Akademie der Bildenden KĂĽnste Wien. 2, 1).
283:
was built outside of
Mariahilfer Gate. From 1862 to 1873, the first part of the ring roads (the
144:
helped a group of 2,600 Viennese residents along with 150 students repel an attack by the Kuruc.
274:
430:
384:
320:
156:
72:
60:
21:
473:
450:
280:
199:
195:
118:(part of the 9th District), a distance of 13.5 km. It thus separated physically the
172:
122:
or suburbs (today’s 3rd through 9th districts, incorporated into Vienna in 1850) from the
40:
456:
207:
80:
44:
515:
339:
316:
203:
111:
88:
128:
416:
Der Wiener
Linienwall aus historischer, topographischer und archäologischer Sicht
349:
In the area of a former cattle market in the Sankt Marx area of the 3rd
District.
198:
in 1898. A replacement chapel was built at this time which now stands near the
192:
244:
this was the establishment of a great number of restaurants and hotels in the
239:
181:
133:
115:
107:
497:
484:
291:
249:
155:
on a 1790 map; part of the first comprehensive survey of the lands of the
307:
168:
84:
76:
306:
222:
A foreign army never seriously tested the military utility of the
146:
68:
20:
230:
from legitimate government forces attempting to restore order.
99:, four metres high by four metres wide, and a three-metre-deep
429:. Wien Archäologisch 9. Stadtarchäologie Wien, Vienna, 2012,
287:
mentioned above) was built directly outside of the walls.
191:
One of the chapels was removed during the construction of
39:
was the outer line of the fortifications for the city of
184:
district. There is also an original chapel dedicated to
427:
Der Wiener
Linienwall. Vom Schutzbau zur Steuergrenze
202:
between the viaduct for the railway (now part of the
334:left which can be seen in the following locations:
425:Ingrid Mader, Ingeborg Gaisbauer, Werner Chmelar:
106:The fortifications encircled the suburbs from the
273:was built right outside the Belvedere Gate at
338:In the 3rd district along the tracks for the
330:Chapel, there are only a few sections of the
8:
542:1704 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
537:1704 establishments in the Habsburg monarchy
279:(South Station). In 1858 another station,
447:Wiener Zeitung – Der Vorläufer des Gürtels
63:in 1704 to protect against attacks by the
29:fortification (by August Stefan Kronstein)
552:1894 disestablishments in Austria-Hungary
476:, as the original is no longer available)
453:, as the original is no longer available)
260:By the mid-19th century, long after the
112:Sankt Marx (today Vienna’s 3rd District)
16:Vienna's outer fortification (1704-1894)
366:
547:18th-century establishments in Austria
7:
522:Buildings and structures in Vienna
14:
457:Wieden Provincial Museum – the
1:
196:Vienna Metropolitan Railway
573:
557:Military history of Vienna
186:Johannes Nepomuk am Tabor
167:Between 1740 and 1760, a
422:14, 2011 (2011) 144-163.
346:and SĂĽdbahnhof stations.
55:The construction of the
470:around Vienna, ca. 1850
356:13 in the 4th District.
532:18th century in Vienna
323:
159:
59:was begun by order of
30:
498:48.18861°N 16.37806°E
310:
150:
140:On June 11, 1704 the
87:rivers as well as by
24:
494: /
228:Revolutions of 1848
178:Hundsturmer Kapelle
151:The outline of the
503:48.18861; 16.37806
472:(version from the
449:(version from the
374:1993-1255). p. 27.
324:
321:LandstraĂźer GĂĽrtel
160:
131:where a toll, the
31:
435:978-3-85161-064-2
248:(now part of the
157:Habsburg monarchy
71:(a group of anti-
61:Emperor Leopold I
564:
509:
508:
506:
505:
504:
499:
495:
492:
491:
490:
487:
474:Internet Archive
451:Internet Archive
402:
398:
392:
381:
375:
371:
281:Wien Westbahnhof
200:Vienna Volksoper
25:Painting of the
572:
571:
567:
566:
565:
563:
562:
561:
512:
511:
502:
500:
496:
493:
488:
485:
483:
481:
480:
443:
411:
406:
405:
399:
395:
382:
378:
372:
368:
363:
352:In the yard of
311:Section of the
305:
258:
220:
218:Toll zone limit
206:) and the
173:John of Nepomuk
165:
53:
41:Vienna, Austria
17:
12:
11:
5:
570:
568:
560:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
514:
513:
478:
477:
466:Course of the
463:
461:auf der Wieden
454:
442:
441:External links
439:
438:
437:
423:
414:Ingrid Mader,
410:
407:
404:
403:
393:
376:
365:
364:
362:
359:
358:
357:
354:Weyringergasse
350:
347:
304:
301:
257:
254:
246:Neulerchenfeld
219:
216:
208:Vienna Beltway
164:
161:
52:
49:
45:Vienna Beltway
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
569:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
519:
517:
510:
507:
475:
471:
469:
464:
462:
460:
455:
452:
448:
445:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
421:
417:
413:
412:
408:
397:
394:
390:
389:3-205-98224-X
386:
380:
377:
370:
367:
360:
355:
351:
348:
345:
341:
340:Vienna S-Bahn
337:
336:
335:
333:
329:
322:
318:
317:Vienna S-Bahn
314:
309:
302:
300:
297:
293:
288:
286:
282:
278:
277:
272:
268:
267:South Railway
263:
255:
253:
251:
250:16th District
247:
242:
241:
236:
231:
229:
225:
217:
215:
213:
209:
205:
204:Vienna u-bahn
201:
197:
194:
193:Otto Wagner's
189:
187:
183:
179:
174:
171:dedicated to
170:
162:
158:
154:
149:
145:
143:
138:
137:was charged.
136:
135:
130:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
104:
102:
98:
92:
90:
89:Lake Neusiedl
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
50:
48:
46:
42:
38:
37:
28:
23:
19:
479:
467:
458:
426:
420:Fundort Wien
419:
415:
396:
379:
369:
353:
343:
331:
327:
326:Besides the
325:
312:
295:
289:
284:
275:
271:East Railway
261:
259:
245:
238:
232:
223:
221:
211:
190:
185:
177:
166:
152:
141:
139:
132:
129:custom house
123:
119:
108:Danube Canal
105:
93:
56:
54:
51:Construction
35:
34:
32:
26:
18:
501: /
328:Hundsturmer
527:City walls
516:Categories
489:16°22′41″E
486:48°11′19″N
468:Linienwall
459:Linienwall
409:Literature
361:References
332:Linienwall
313:Linienwall
296:Linienwall
276:SĂĽdbahnhof
262:Linienwall
240:Liniengeld
224:Linienwall
182:Margareten
153:Linienwall
142:Linienwall
134:Liniengeld
116:Lichtental
57:Linienwall
36:Linienwall
27:Linienwall
292:Favoriten
235:road toll
210:known as
120:Vorstädte
342:between
303:Remnants
73:Habsburg
67:and the
344:Rennweg
315:by the
256:Removal
180:in the
163:Chapels
124:Vororte
97:rampart
433:
418:, in:
387:
285:GĂĽrtel
237:, the
212:GĂĽrtel
169:chapel
85:Leitha
83:, and
77:Danube
319:near
101:ditch
81:March
69:Kuruc
65:Turks
431:ISBN
385:ISBN
269:and
33:The
401:27.
114:to
110:at
518::
214:.
91:.
79:,
47:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.