120:"Man must be educated, and education does not distinguish in society between young and old, high and low. He who is educated is not a coward in front of the supposed superiors and does not torture his inferiors. An educated person is one who puts himself in second place to serve his neighbor. Educated is the man who suffers for their sorrow and rejoices for their joy. Education is something divine, he is the god who dwells in us."
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was imprisoned for being a communist in April 1937. While in prison, Lioudaki wrote
Soukatzidis letters, which were intercepted by the Metaxas regime. These letters were used as evidence against her and described as an offense "concerning the security of the social status." The Ministry of Education
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In
Lioudaki's writings, lectures, and teaching spread Greek language and literature with the aim of communicating and educating the poor, contributing to the struggle for their spiritual upliftment. She translated Sophocles' play Electra into a measured elementary school play, presented in 1929 by
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As a result of her refusal to sign the statement, Lioudaki was demoted from
Principal to regular teacher at Ierapetra. The new principal at the school intervened to bring new disciplinary proceedings against Lioudaki claiming "the social regime is plotting!" Lioudaki was punished with six months
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and asked them to renounce communism. Those who did not do so were arrested. Among the detainees were
Lioudaki and Drandaki. The two women were first taken to the Badouva stables and then to the Heraklion gendarmerie, where they were tortured, raped, and hanged on 4 December 1947. Drandaki was
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was signed on 12 February 1945. According to the treaty, EAM had agreed to disarm as long as they would be allowed full participation in political activities. Ultimately, the promises enshrined in the Treaty of
Varkiza were not upheld. The main problem was that the treaty gave amnesty only for
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After four years of
Italian occupation followed by German occupation, Ierapetra was liberated on 12 September 1944. EAM made efforts to rebuild the city and support efforts to feed inhabitants in the city. Lioudaki played a leading role in supporting food and culture. Tensions rose between the
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After graduating, from 1927–1937, she took over as
Principal of the Girls' School of Ierapetra which was housed in the old Turkish school in Mehtepi. She sought to fix the school, which was in a miserable state and put the schoolgirls in danger. She complained about the poor condition of the
345:. Six months later, the bodies of the two women were identified on the roof of the Prefecture of Heraklion. They were found by a farmer near the stables of Baduwa and identified by the braids in their clothing.
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were viewed as nonpolitical. After the signing of the
Varkiza pact, there was widespread persecution of communists and former EAM members and supporters. This period, immediately prior to the outbreak of the
255:. She became a resistance coordinator along with Maria Drandaki and Maria Athanasaki to provide assistance to victims. Their activities included supporting orphans and homeless individuals resulting from the
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about whom she writes: "I especially thank the most noble and progressive child
Napoleon Soukatzidis, who worked tirelessly in the collection of mantinades. Most of these are among the thousands he found… ”
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the students of
Ierapetra High School. At the same time she took part in the trade union struggles: to improve the position of teachers and to provide a better Education to the children of the people.
177:, fairy tales, obituaries, opinions, tongue twisters and all the customs of the Cretan people. Hundreds of fairy tales and other works of Lioudaki are currently in the Folklore Archive of the
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In May 1947, Lioudaki was arrested, together with Drandaki by the armed group of Bandouvas on 26 November 1947. Bandouvas and his team gathered a large number of citizens in the courtroom of
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The author Manolis Milt. Papadakis in his book "Maria Lioudaki. The Priestess of Education" writes with what enthusiasm the martyr teacher Lioudaki recorded throughout her life thousands of
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Apart from being a teacher, Maria Lioudaki was the author of 21 textbooks and a distinguished folklorist. She published children's works, such as the collections of children's fairy tales,
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forces against the civilian residents of around 20 villages near Crete, killing more than 500 people. In Drandaki's home and shop, Lioudaki would listen to illegal radio broadcasts from
57:) to farmer Georgios Lioudakis and Aikaterini Papazachariadi (maiden name), and was the oldest of their 8 children. Growing up in a rural family, she experienced the sounds of the "
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and prepare daily news bulletins which were distributed widely with other members of KKE. As a result of her resistance efforts, she was expelled from the Folklore Archives.
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invaded and began occupying Greece. During this period, KKE sought to reform the party with additional subsidiary groups and an anti-axis focus. In 1941, Lioudaki joined the
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executed with a spear, and Lioudaki was strangled. Then Drandaki and Lioudaki were beheaded and their bodies crushed with stones and then thrown into a ravine in
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She studied at the Girls' School of Naples and in 1908, immediately after graduation at the age of 14, began her career as a sub-teacher at the primary school of
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98:. Triantaphyllides also supported and instilled in Lioudaki the then-new ideas of educational reform. She received her postgraduate degree with honors.
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In 1914 she graduated with honors from the School of Heraklion. From 1925–1927, after successfully passing her examinations, she studied at the
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422:"Στου χάροντα τους σταύλους: Μικρό ελεγείο για τη φρικτή δολοφονία της παιδαγωγού, λαογράφου και αγωνίστριας της Αντίστασης Μαρίας Λιουδάκη"
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At the same time, she was also financially supporting her family including her siblings' educations and her youngest sister Hara's fiancé
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The Library of the Educational Home of Ierapetra was named after Lioudaki, as well as the Association of Primary Education Teachers.
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Lioudaki refers to those who helped her in the work of collecting mantinadas in various ways. She makes a special reference to
33:(22 November 1894 – 4 December 1947) was a Greek educator, folklorist, and resistance fighter. She promoted social action in
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In the square of Latsida Mirabello, a village near Neapoli, Lassithi, there is a sculpture monument in memory of Lioudaki.
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asked Lioudaki to sign a statement denouncing communism and dissolving her sister's engagement, but Lioudaki refused.
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building, and in 1929, sent a letter to the parents, who were mostly workers, fishermen, and farmers, saying.
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She shared her food with the poorest children in the school, and conducted extra classes without pay.
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In April 1937 she became the assistant sorter under George Megas in the Folklore Archive of the
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with her friend, Maria Drandaki (1914–1947), with whom she was arrested and killed during the
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Lioudaki was born on 22 November 1894, in Latsida of Apano Mirabello, in the countryside of
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from 3 December 1944 to 11 January 1945. As a solution to these clashes, the
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distinguished Lioudaki for her spiritual interests and introduced her to
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109:"Make sure you find your masters, move, work for your children."
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Revolt in Athens: The Greek Communist "Second Round" 1944-1945
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political reasons, but many actions by communists during the
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A street in Ierapetra is named after Lioudaki and Drandaki.
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Maria's sister, Chara Lioudaki, survived and died in 2000.
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Communist Forces and the Greek government, culminating in
574:(in Greek). Συλλαγος Βιαννιτων Ηρακλειου "Ο παταουΧας".
453:"rizospastis.gr - Η κληρονομιά της ανήκει στο μέλλον..."
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Epochi, rizospastis gr | Synchroni (7 October 2001).
571:ΕπαρΧια Βιαννου, 1940-1945: το ολοκαυτωμα του 1943
218:and established an authoritarian, nationalist and
27:Greek educator, folklorist, and resistance fighter
144:and others. She received the First Prize of the
80:. In her postgraduate studies she was taught by
386:(in Greek). Athina: Morfotiki Steyi Ierapetras.
139:Grandmother's Knees (Στης γιαγιάς τα γόνατα),
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320:in March 1946, which lasted until 1949. The
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623:A People's History of the Second World War
384:Maria Lioudaki: The Priestess of Education
599:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
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235:suspension and a 50% cut in her salary.
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382:Papadakis, Manolis Milt. (1992).
276:Dekemvriana and Treaty of Varkiza
717:20th-century Greek women writers
224:Communist Party of Greece (KKE)
568:Χρηστακης, Γεωργιος Δ (2000).
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549:(in Greek). 5 December 2018
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620:Gluckstein, Donny (2012).
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328:until 27 December 1947.
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243:During April–May 1941,
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512:Alexiou, Elli (1983).
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476:Kokkinidis, Anestis.
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737:People from Lasithi
312:, was known as the
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156:Mantinades of Crete
154:In the prologue of
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606:978-0-691-61965-1
581:978-960-86018-1-9
426:Αγώνας της Κρήτης
343:Myrtia, Heraklion
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