596:
He also notes that the fact that only
Muslims were eaten is at odds with hunger as sole or primary motive – presumably, desperate starving people would not have cared much about the religion of those they consumed. He concludes that the cannibalism at Ma‘arra likely went "beyond poor and hungry people eating from the dead" in secret, rather suggesting that "some of the soldiers must have recognized its potential utility and, hoping to drive the defenders into a quick surrender, made a spectacle of the eating, and made sure that Muslims were the only ones eaten." He notes, however, that the Tafurs were almost certainly "scapegoats" blamed for acts which were by no means particularly limited to them.
77:
61:
425:
3818:
2031:
3212:
1934:
3812:
527:(both of whom based their accounts on interviews with participants) state that the cannibalism happened during the siege and suggest that it was a public spectacle rather than a shameful, hidden episode. Ralph states that "a lack of food compelled them to make a meal of human flesh, that adults were put in the stewpot, and that were skewered on spits. Both were cooked and eaten."
146:
495:, feeding on the bodies of Muslims. This fact itself is not seriously in doubt, as it is acknowledged by nearly a dozen Christian chronicles written during the twenty years after the Crusade, all of which are based at least to some degrees on eyewitness accounts. The crusaders' cannibalism is also briefly mentioned in an Arab source, which explains it as due to hunger.
84:
603:
states that, while the "cannibalism at Marrat is among the most infamous of all the atrocities perpetrated by the First
Crusaders", it nevertheless had "some positive effects on the crusaders' short-term prospects". Reports and rumours of their brutality in Ma‘arra and Antioch convinced "many Muslim
595:
In concluding his discussion of the various accounts of the cannibalism, historian Jay
Rubenstein notes that the chroniclers clearly felt discomfort and tried to downplay what had happened, hence tending to give only part of the facts (but without agreeing on which part and interpretation to give).
498:
There is conflicting evidence on when exactly and why the cannibalism happened. Some sources state that enemies were eaten during the siege, others (a slight majority) state that it happened after the city had been conquered. Another source of tension exists regarding its motives – was it practised
687:
A hospital in
Maarrat al-Nu'man was struck by missiles on 15 February 2016. The hospital was targeted again by Syrian government and Russian planes in April 2017, on 19 September 2017 and in early January 2018. On 19 April 2016, at least 37 people were reportedly killed when the Syrian government
544:, interpret it as an deliberate act of psychological warfare, "intended to strike fear in the enemy". This implies it must have happened during rather than after the siege, "while there were still Muslims alive to witness it and to feel the horror that was its intended by-product".
651:
on 2 June 2011. On 25 October 2011, clashes occurred between loyalists and defected soldiers at a roadblock on the edge of the town. The defectors launched an assault on the government held roadblock in retaliation for a raid on their positions the previous night. The
452:
visited the city, and described it as a populous town with a stone wall. There was a Friday Mosque, on a height, in the middle of the town. The bazaars were full of traffic. Considerable areas of cultivated land surrounded the town, with plenty of fig-trees,
604:
commanders and garrisons that the crusaders were bloodthirsty barbarians, invincible savages who could not be resisted". Accordingly, many of them decided to "accept costly and humiliating truces with the Franks rather than face them in battle".
656:
took control in
December 2011–January 2012. The regime recaptured it at a later date. On 10 June 2012, the FSA took it back, but the military recaptured it in August. Finally the FSA captured the town again in October after the
719:
512:'s chronicle gives a similar description, though adding that only Muslims were eaten. Several other works include similar accounts, likewise stating that only Muslims or "Turks" were consumed.
1603:
6180:
347:(2004 census). In 2017, it was estimated to have a population of 80,000, including several displaced by fighting in neighbouring towns. It is located on the highway between
6185:
1572:
1863:
499:
secretly due to famine and lack of food, as some sources suggest, or publicly in front of the enemies in order to shock and frighten them, as others imply?
3200:
1237:
1457:
1922:
1634:
631:
passed by the town in 1185, and wrote that "Everywhere around the town are gardens... It is one of the most fertile and richest lands in the world".
1657:
491:
they found themselves with insufficient supplies of food. During or after the siege of Ma‘arra some of the starving crusaders therefore resorted to
1547:
1871:
1682:
1472:
696:, but was also the site of significant civil society protests against HTS in 2016 and 2017. The town's market was bombed in October 2017. The
2862:
1407:
689:
612:
508:. It states that because of great deprivations after the siege, "Some cut the flesh of dead bodies into strips and cooked them for eating."
108:
502:
The earliest of the texts suggesting that the cannibalism occurred after the end of the siege and was entirely motivated by hunger is the
76:
1900:
680:
was fought between the FSA and the government, causing numerous civilian casualties and severe material damage. The town was home to the
60:
704:
681:
1858:
1802:
1435:
1153:
3831:
1757:
3843:
3178:
769:
765:
739:
677:
658:
291:
3193:
1125:
1560:
1794:
1621:
1497:
392:
3880:
2677:
1915:
273:
5194:
187:
551:, a group of crusaders who followed strict oaths of poverty. One interpretation in this tradition is the French poem
5314:
3186:
1815:
3328:
3817:
6175:
5165:
1908:
175:
3853:
3811:
6021:
5806:
5177:
4315:
3067:
1938:
1522:
1399:
697:
51:
436:
described
Maarrat al-Nu‘man as "an ancient city, now a ruin. It lies in the Hims province." By the time of
403:
called it Marre. There are many towns throughout Syria with names that begin with the word Maarat, such as
5966:
5344:
4575:
3658:
3393:
2727:
2218:
1423:
1186:
1171:
480:
317:
229:
5941:
5474:
5259:
4495:
4365:
4020:
1946:
1769:
484:
252:
158:
635:
visited in 1355, and described the town as small. The figs and pistachios of the town were exported to
540:
440:(951) the place had recovered, as he described the city "very full of good things, and very opulent".
6131:
5629:
5594:
5564:
5509:
4585:
3378:
3338:
3057:
262:
2030:
688:
launched air strikes on markets. Dozens more were also injured during the attack. In 2016, the town
5639:
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5424:
5289:
4235:
4215:
3403:
2902:
516:
470:
5659:
5634:
5554:
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5214:
4982:
4580:
4520:
4285:
2777:
2039:
170:
2737:
1737:"As children freeze to death in Syria, aid officials call for major cross-border delivery boost"
424:
5721:
5559:
5117:
4375:
4200:
3703:
3216:
3077:
2997:
2937:
2842:
2517:
1798:
1403:
531:
492:
296:
163:
6001:
5986:
5956:
5916:
5901:
5841:
5534:
5187:
5032:
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4245:
4180:
4175:
4005:
3618:
3553:
3408:
3022:
2722:
2552:
2208:
2143:
2138:
1834:
1227:
715:
665:
653:
488:
344:
1811:
Palestine Under the
Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500
6141:
6081:
5921:
5896:
5746:
5544:
5484:
5389:
5334:
4690:
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2712:
2557:
2507:
2273:
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1387:
648:
600:
547:
Some chroniclers as well as various later sources blame the cannibalism at Ma'arra at the
535:
504:
408:
308:
220:
1809:
1443:
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4635:
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4320:
4300:
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4075:
3945:
3885:
3865:
3783:
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3588:
3573:
3473:
3458:
3383:
3318:
3241:
2792:
2652:
2647:
2632:
2502:
2447:
1822:
693:
509:
404:
1708:
1585:
6169:
6146:
6136:
6096:
5950:
5816:
5699:
5664:
5614:
5579:
5434:
5414:
5274:
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5112:
5062:
5017:
4920:
4815:
4780:
4740:
4720:
4305:
4230:
4165:
4145:
4084:
4029:
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3578:
3498:
3398:
3313:
3253:
3157:
3147:
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3037:
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2462:
2432:
2367:
2317:
1392:
1039:
753:
524:
520:
476:
449:
615:
received lands in Maarat al-Nuʿman in 1179 as part of his compensation for yielding
6126:
5881:
5801:
5776:
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5709:
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5603:
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4035:
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2587:
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2407:
2402:
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2337:
2173:
2148:
2118:
2098:
2053:
1211:
433:
1635:"Two of the largest factions in Syria's northwest merge, challenge HTS dominance"
519:(who was a participant of the Crusade though not personally present at Ma‘arra),
475:
The most infamous event from the city's history dates from late 1098, during the
5514:
5504:
5429:
5339:
5234:
5107:
5077:
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4170:
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4065:
4000:
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2802:
2637:
2617:
2562:
2497:
2467:
2392:
2382:
2248:
2213:
2068:
2010:
1970:
735:
632:
360:
356:
182:
1736:
647:
The town was the focus of intense protests against the government of
President
6061:
5981:
5609:
5464:
5459:
5364:
5354:
5239:
4800:
4695:
4665:
4625:
4529:
4465:
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4355:
4250:
4095:
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3990:
3940:
3738:
3718:
3678:
3593:
3568:
3563:
3513:
3438:
3418:
3167:
3127:
3112:
3097:
2942:
2882:
2772:
2767:
2692:
2657:
2547:
2452:
2362:
2347:
2312:
2283:
2278:
2108:
2093:
2015:
1980:
1838:
628:
624:
441:
1886:
1873:
1473:"Syrien: Ärzte-ohne-Grenzen-Krankenhaus bombardiert - ein gezielter Angriff?"
123:
110:
6121:
6116:
6041:
6026:
5926:
5911:
5736:
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5549:
5469:
5419:
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5244:
5002:
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4875:
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4700:
4640:
4384:
4345:
4195:
4160:
4115:
4060:
3915:
3860:
3723:
3508:
3453:
3448:
3423:
3413:
3368:
3162:
3142:
2912:
2857:
2807:
2732:
2682:
2672:
2662:
2582:
2537:
2492:
2487:
2477:
2412:
2342:
2268:
2238:
2228:
2223:
2133:
2113:
2103:
2048:
445:
400:
380:
243:
1232:
530:
Several medieval interpretations of the cannibalism during the
Crusade, by
6071:
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6010:
5891:
5851:
5791:
5726:
5529:
5519:
5454:
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4350:
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4120:
3970:
3905:
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3648:
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3627:
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3298:
3293:
3087:
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3042:
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2887:
2832:
2812:
2797:
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2752:
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2612:
2602:
2577:
2522:
2472:
2442:
2437:
2387:
2322:
2293:
2188:
2000:
1960:
1713:
1604:"Air strike on market kills around 40 in opposition-held northwest Syria"
744:
708:
669:
636:
437:
396:
364:
1864:
Telegraph.co.uk: "Syria-bloody-protests-over-the-slaying-of-30-children"
1853:
6101:
6090:
6051:
6016:
5991:
5961:
5931:
5906:
5886:
5876:
5861:
5856:
5786:
5781:
5731:
5584:
5539:
5493:
5449:
5444:
5329:
5264:
5219:
5127:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5072:
5012:
4960:
4945:
4935:
4890:
4845:
4840:
4825:
4810:
4745:
4550:
4510:
4500:
4415:
4400:
4390:
4240:
4100:
3975:
3935:
3762:
3708:
3688:
3673:
3558:
3523:
3503:
3492:
3468:
3373:
3363:
3308:
3288:
3283:
3047:
3012:
3007:
2967:
2952:
2922:
2817:
2787:
2702:
2572:
2542:
2512:
2482:
2457:
2417:
2397:
2352:
2303:
2288:
2243:
2203:
2193:
2183:
2178:
2168:
2163:
2088:
2083:
1995:
749:
620:
616:
281:
215:
17:
6111:
6106:
6066:
5976:
5971:
5866:
5835:
5761:
5644:
5499:
5408:
5309:
5304:
5254:
5209:
5204:
5137:
5102:
5057:
4992:
4977:
4965:
4955:
4950:
4895:
4880:
4725:
4615:
4535:
4505:
4490:
4480:
4475:
4440:
4420:
4210:
4135:
4040:
3985:
3980:
3930:
3900:
3895:
3792:
3693:
3683:
3633:
3608:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3278:
3273:
3137:
3092:
3002:
2977:
2972:
2962:
2927:
2897:
2747:
2707:
2687:
2597:
2567:
2332:
2253:
2233:
2198:
2158:
2153:
2128:
2078:
2063:
2058:
2020:
1955:
731:
673:
548:
458:
388:
376:
348:
269:
248:
714:
On 28 January 2020, Ma'arrat al-Nu'man was successfully captured by
575:
Help, for God's grace, these starving men with wherewithal to feed.
379:, has its present-day name combined from the Aramaic word for cave
6056:
5846:
5569:
5379:
5229:
5224:
5199:
5122:
5022:
4940:
4929:
4850:
4610:
4560:
4555:
4410:
4325:
4310:
4255:
4155:
4055:
4010:
3925:
3875:
3713:
3698:
3543:
3323:
3303:
3262:
3228:
3211:
3132:
3102:
2622:
2592:
2527:
2427:
2357:
2327:
2005:
1990:
1965:
1933:
1523:"MSF-backed hospital in Syria destroyed by air strikes: statement"
454:
423:
336:
332:
151:
6036:
5766:
5082:
4715:
4260:
4045:
3518:
2852:
2123:
2073:
1985:
1975:
1683:"'Boundless criminality': Dozens killed in Idlib market bombing"
1658:"Russia and Syria step up airstrikes against civilians in Idlib"
352:
340:
5685:
5163:
4766:
3829:
3239:
3182:
1904:
5771:
5047:
2372:
1709:"Syria war: Air strikes on town in rebel-held Idlib 'kill 31'"
580:
But Peter answered, 'Out, ye drones, a helpless pack that cry,
1498:"Un hôpital de MSF en Syrie touché par des frappes aériennes"
748:
built by Abu al-Farawis in 1199, and remains of the medieval
676:
made it a significant prize. Starting on 8 October 2012, the
1586:"Syria conflict: Air strikes on Idlib markets 'kill dozens'"
1346:
1344:
668:
followed, the town's strategic position on the road between
565:
Of men-at-arms, not one of them but hunger gnawed him sore.
590:
A dainty dish is Paynim flesh, with salt and roasting due.
585:
While all unburied round about the slaughtered Paynim lie.
1573:
Syrian government defends Idlib campaign, condemns France
560:
Then came to him the King Tafur, and with him fifty score
1458:"Syria sends extra troops after rebels seize Idlib: NGO"
1548:
Air strike destroys hospital in Idlib's Maaret al-Numan
700:
took the town from HTS (Al-Qaeda) on 21 February 2018.
1149:
1147:
1145:
570:
Thou holy Hermit, counsel us, and help us at our need;
1471:
SPIEGEL ONLINE, Hamburg, Germany (15 February 2016).
1622:
At least 11 dead in Syria market air strike: Monitor
322:
234:
6080:
6000:
5940:
5825:
5745:
5698:
5593:
5483:
5398:
5176:
5031:
4919:
4779:
4649:
4519:
4374:
4074:
4019:
3842:
3782:
3752:
3657:
3617:
3482:
3337:
3252:
2302:
2038:
1945:
1436:"Assad forces fight deserters at northwestern town"
290:
280:
259:
242:
214:
206:
201:
193:
181:
169:
157:
139:
35:
1391:
428:Abû Zayd pleads before the Qadi of Ma`arra (1334)
343:, with a population of about 58,008 before the
1181:
1179:
1166:
1164:
1162:
707:was perpetrated on 22 July 2019. It killed 43
3194:
1916:
1220:Studies in 20th & 21st Century Literature
1154:A Small Syrian Town’s Revolt Against Al-Qaida
8:
6181:Populated places in Maarat al-Numan District
1212:"The Rewriting of History in Amin Maalouf's
40:
1561:Fighting the jihadists with unusual weapons
5695:
5682:
5173:
5160:
4776:
4763:
3839:
3826:
3249:
3236:
3201:
3187:
3179:
1923:
1909:
1901:
1374:
1362:
1350:
1322:
1310:
1298:
1286:
1274:
1262:
1250:
1197:
775:
32:
6186:Archaeological sites in Idlib Governorate
1231:
752:. The city is the birthplace of the poet
1859:Utah Indymedia: The Cannibals of Ma`arra
1141:
289:
279:
241:
213:
200:
192:
138:
103:
83:
69:
57:
1336:History and Literature of the Crusades
65:A collage of Maarat al-Numan landmarks
339:and 57 km (35 mi) north of
258:
205:
180:
168:
156:
7:
1854:Encyclopedia of the Orient: Crusades
399:, meaning “the Cave of Nu’man.” The
1825:(2008). "Cannibals and Crusaders".
1460:. English.ahram.org.eg. 2012-10-10.
779:Climate data for Ma'arat al-Nu'man
448:and vines were cultivated. In 1047
335:, 33 km (21 mi) south of
312:
224:
41:
1240:from the original on 19 July 2018.
711:, and injured another 109 people.
25:
1624:, Middle East Eye, 9 October 2017
1442:. 25 October 2011. Archived from
1338:; translated by Lady Duff Gordon.
730:Today the city has a museum with
3816:
3810:
3210:
2029:
1932:
1637:. Syria Direct. 22 February 2018
1394:The First Crusade: A New History
766:hot-summer Mediterranean climate
720:5th Northwestern Syria offensive
705:Ma'arrat al-Numan market bombing
678:Battle of Maarat al-Numan (2012)
659:Battle of Maarat al-Numan (2012)
555:, which contains lines such as:
465:Crusader Ma‘arra massacre (1098)
144:
82:
75:
59:
1656:Chulov, Martin (23 July 2019).
1126:Great Mosque of Maarat al-Numan
420:Abbasids to Fatimids (891–1086)
375:The city, known as Arra to the
1795:The Crusades Through Arab Eyes
1214:The Crusades Through Arab Eyes
479:. After the crusaders, led by
1:
3844:Maarrat al-Nu'man Subdistrict
770:Köppen climate classification
1770:"Climate: Ma'arat al-Nu'man"
331:, is a city in northwestern
5195:Al-Marj Al-Akhdar Al-Sharqi
5178:Jisr al-Shughur Subdistrict
3832:Ma'arrat al-Nu'man District
1575:, Reuters, 11 January 2018.
1156:, News Deeply, 15 June 2017
968:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
828:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
393:Nu'man ibn Bashir al-Ansari
323:
235:
6202:
3659:Maarrat Misrin Subdistrict
1816:Palestine Exploration Fund
1111:
778:
468:
197:522 m (1,713 ft)
27:City in northwestern Syria
5942:Kafr Takharim Subdistrict
5694:
5681:
5172:
5159:
4775:
4762:
4021:Khan Shaykhun Subdistrict
3838:
3825:
3808:
3329:Tab Issa Gharbi wa Sharki
3248:
3235:
3223:
2027:
1939:Cities and towns of Syria
1839:10.1215/00161071-2008-005
1827:French Historical Studies
1265:, pp. 533, 535, 541.
1112:Source: Climate-Data.org
1037:
967:
897:
827:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
515:Three other accounts, by
104:
70:
58:
49:
5166:Jisr al-Shughur District
3339:Abu al-Duhur Subdistrict
1808:le Strange, Guy (1890),
1550:, Al-Jazeera, 3 Apr 2017
1210:Bourget, Carine (2006).
387:) and that of its first
5807:Deir Hassan - Darhashan
4316:Shara - Sharat Elajayez
1739:. UN News. 2 March 2020
1400:Oxford University Press
698:Syrian Liberation Front
481:Raymond de Saint Gilles
5967:Bshendlaya - Rashadiya
5345:Sheikh Sindyan Fawqani
4576:Mashraf Rajmel Mashraf
3394:Hseiniyeh - Tell Kalba
2728:Khirbet al-Tin Mahmoud
2174:al-Mukharram al-Foqani
1233:10.4148/2334-4415.1633
764:Maarat al-Numan has a
690:came under the control
553:The Leaguer of Antioch
429:
313:مَعَرَّةُ النُّعْمَانِ
42:مَعَرَّةُ النُّعْمَانِ
5595:Janudiyah Subdistrict
5475:Sheikh Sndian Tahtani
4376:Kafr Nabl Subdistrict
4366:Umm Mweilat Janubiyah
1887:35.63861°N 36.67167°E
1563:, Qantara, 06.01.2018
1422:le Strange, 1890, p.
1226:(2, Article 3): 269.
1185:le Strange, 1890, p.
1170:le Strange, 1890, p.
427:
261: • Summer (
96:Location within Syria
6132:Kuwaro - Umm Elriyah
6002:Qurqania Subdistrict
5630:Hamama - Kafr Debbin
5565:Sheikh Issa Elashury
5510:Andnaniyeh - Farjein
5033:Muhambal Subdistrict
4586:Mushayrifa Shamaliya
3619:Taftanaz Subdistrict
3379:Busra - Zafar Saghir
3058:al-Surah al-Saghirah
1446:on February 1, 2016.
1402:. pp. 274–275.
1200:, pp. 526, 537.
608:Late medieval period
30:City in Idlib, Syria
6082:Armanaz Subdistrict
5525:Ghazala - Mgheidleh
5485:Darkush Subdistrict
5290:Maalaqa - Bishlamon
4521:Tamanah Subdistrict
4236:Mardagana Burtuqala
4216:Lweibdeh Shamaliyah
3754:Binnish Subdistrict
3484:Saraqib Subdistrict
3404:Jdidhe Abu Elthohur
2903:Rasm Harmil al-Imam
1883: /
1814:, Committee of the
1797:. Schocken, 1989,
1325:, pp. 539–542.
1301:, pp. 534–536.
1289:, pp. 532–533.
1277:, pp. 530–531.
898:Daily mean °C (°F)
517:Fulcher of Chartres
485:Bohemond of Taranto
120: /
5827:Salqin Subdistrict
5660:Qaderiyeh - Qayqun
5635:Hassaniyeh - Hatya
5555:Sadiyeh - Bsentiya
5400:Bidama Subdistrict
5295:Marj Akhdar Gharbi
5215:Bsheiriyeh - Bello
4581:Msheirfeh Qabliyeh
4076:Sinjar Subdistrict
3854:Ma'arrat al-Nu'man
3784:Sarmin Subdistrict
1892:35.63861; 36.67167
541:Chanson d'Antioche
430:
324:Maʿarrat an-Nuʿmān
207: • Total
6163:
6162:
6159:
6158:
6155:
6154:
5722:Besnaya - Bseineh
5700:Harem Subdistrict
5677:
5676:
5673:
5672:
5560:Sawadiya - Nabhan
5155:
5154:
5151:
5150:
5118:Ora Qabli - Edwan
4921:Ihsim Subdistrict
4781:Ariha Subdistrict
4758:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4201:Khayriyeh Saghira
3806:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3704:Maarrat al-Ikhwan
3254:Idlib Subdistrict
3217:Idlib Governorate
3176:
3175:
2518:al-Hajar al-Aswad
1409:978-0-19-517823-4
1116:
1115:
716:government forces
532:Guibert of Nogent
395:, a companion of
327:), also known as
321:
302:
301:
233:
124:35.633°N 36.667°E
16:(Redirected from
6193:
5987:Kuku - Ein Eljaj
5917:Kafrahlat Jallad
5902:Hir Jamus Saghir
5747:Dana Subdistrict
5696:
5683:
5535:Matleh - Batlaya
5188:Jisr ash-Shughur
5174:
5161:
4777:
4764:
4651:Hish Subdistrict
4596:Qleiat Eltubiyeh
4246:Mreijeb Elmashad
4181:Karatin al-Kabir
4176:Kafraya Elmaarra
4006:Thahrat Talamnas
3840:
3827:
3820:
3814:
3250:
3237:
3215:
3214:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3180:
3023:al-Shaykh Maskin
2723:Khirbet Ghazaleh
2553:Harran al-Awamid
2144:Maarat al-Numaan
2139:Jisr ash-Shughur
2033:
1937:
1936:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1842:
1818:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1766:
1760:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1631:
1625:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1610:. 19 April 2016.
1600:
1594:
1593:
1592:. 19 April 2016.
1582:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1559:Kristin Helberg
1557:
1551:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1397:
1388:Asbridge, Thomas
1384:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1339:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1235:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1174:
1168:
1157:
1151:
776:
666:Syrian Civil War
654:Free Syrian Army
643:Syrian Civil War
521:Albert of Aachen
489:besieged Antioch
471:Siege of Ma'arra
326:
316:
314:
266:
238:
228:
226:
150:
148:
147:
135:
134:
132:
131:
130:
125:
121:
118:
117:
116:
113:
86:
85:
79:
63:
44:
43:
33:
21:
6201:
6200:
6196:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6191:
6190:
6176:Cities in Syria
6166:
6165:
6164:
6151:
6076:
5996:
5936:
5897:Hir Jamus Kabir
5821:
5741:
5690:
5669:
5589:
5479:
5394:
5390:Shughur Tahtani
5168:
5147:
5027:
4915:
4771:
4750:
4691:Jabala Sharqiya
4645:
4571:Khwein al-Kabir
4515:
4486:Rasha Shamaliya
4370:
4276:Rabeeah Brennan
4221:Lweibdeh Sharki
4070:
4015:
3834:
3821:
3815:
3798:
3778:
3748:
3653:
3639:Maaret Elnaasan
3613:
3478:
3389:Hmeimat Eldayer
3333:
3244:
3231:
3219:
3209:
3207:
3177:
3172:
3028:Shayukh Tahtani
3018:Shaykh al-Hadid
2868:Qalaat al-Madiq
2738:Ma'arrat Misrin
2713:Kuwayris Sharqi
2298:
2264:al-Suqaylabiyah
2259:ash-Shaykh Badr
2034:
2025:
1941:
1931:
1929:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1850:
1845:
1823:Rubenstein, Jay
1821:
1807:
1789:
1784:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1758:Middle East Eye
1756:
1752:
1742:
1740:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1720:
1718:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1692:
1690:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1666:
1664:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1640:
1638:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1619:
1615:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1558:
1554:
1546:Diana Al Rifai
1545:
1541:
1532:
1530:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1506:
1504:
1502:Radio-Canada.ca
1496:
1495:
1491:
1481:
1479:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1375:Rubenstein 2008
1373:
1369:
1363:Rubenstein 2008
1361:
1357:
1351:Rubenstein 2008
1349:
1342:
1333:
1329:
1323:Rubenstein 2008
1321:
1317:
1311:Rubenstein 2008
1309:
1305:
1299:Rubenstein 2008
1297:
1293:
1287:Rubenstein 2008
1285:
1281:
1275:Rubenstein 2008
1273:
1269:
1263:Rubenstein 2008
1261:
1257:
1251:Rubenstein 2008
1249:
1245:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1198:Rubenstein 2008
1196:
1192:
1184:
1177:
1169:
1160:
1152:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1122:
1117:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
762:
728:
682:FSA Division 13
649:Bashar al-Assad
645:
613:Ibn al-Muqaddam
610:
601:Thomas Asbridge
536:William of Tyre
505:Gesta Francorum
487:, successfully
473:
467:
422:
417:
409:Maarat Saidnaya
373:
305:Maarat al-Numan
260:
188:Maarat al-Numan
176:Maarat al-Numan
145:
143:
128:
126:
122:
119:
114:
111:
109:
107:
106:
100:
99:
98:
97:
94:
93:
92:
91:
90:Maarat al-Numan
87:
66:
54:
45:
38:
37:Maarat al-Numan
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6199:
6197:
6189:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6168:
6167:
6161:
6160:
6157:
6156:
6153:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6086:
6084:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6047:Merat Elshalaf
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6006:
6004:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5946:
5944:
5938:
5937:
5935:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5831:
5829:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5819:
5814:
5812:Hezreh - Hezri
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5751:
5749:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5704:
5702:
5692:
5691:
5688:Harem District
5686:
5679:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5650:Mudiah - Luxin
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5599:
5597:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5489:
5487:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5404:
5402:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5350:Shghur Fawqani
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5285:Kniset Nakhleh
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5260:Al-Ghassaniyah
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5182:
5180:
5170:
5169:
5164:
5157:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5037:
5035:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4925:
4923:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4785:
4783:
4773:
4772:
4769:Ariha District
4767:
4760:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4655:
4653:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4636:Umm Elkhalayel
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4525:
4523:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4496:Sheikh Mustafa
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4406:Dara al-Kabira
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4380:
4378:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4321:Sheikh Barakeh
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4301:Sarja Sharkiya
4298:
4296:Sarja Gharbiya
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4226:Magharet Merza
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4206:Khwein Elshaer
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4186:Karatin Saghir
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4080:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4025:
4023:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3886:Deir al-Gharbi
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3848:
3846:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3823:
3822:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3788:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3758:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3668:Maarrat Misrin
3663:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3623:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3488:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3474:Zafar al-Kabir
3471:
3466:
3461:
3459:Tawil Elsheikh
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3343:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3319:Ora Shamaliyah
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3258:
3256:
3246:
3245:
3242:Idlib District
3240:
3233:
3232:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3198:
3191:
3183:
3174:
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3171:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
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3040:
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3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2938:al-Sabe' Biyar
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
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2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
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2815:
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2805:
2800:
2795:
2793:Mashta al-Helu
2790:
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2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
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2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
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2633:Jubb al-Jarrah
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
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2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
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2535:
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2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2503:al-Ghizlaniyah
2500:
2495:
2490:
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2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
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2036:
2035:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1950:
1943:
1942:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1905:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1849:
1848:External links
1846:
1844:
1843:
1833:(4): 525–552.
1819:
1805:
1793:Amin Maalouf,
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1761:
1750:
1728:
1717:. 22 July 2019
1700:
1689:. 22 July 2019
1674:
1648:
1626:
1613:
1595:
1577:
1565:
1552:
1539:
1514:
1489:
1477:SPIEGEL ONLINE
1463:
1449:
1427:
1415:
1408:
1379:
1377:, p. 551.
1367:
1365:, p. 529.
1355:
1353:, p. 550.
1340:
1327:
1315:
1313:, p. 536.
1303:
1291:
1279:
1267:
1255:
1253:, p. 537.
1243:
1202:
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1128:
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761:
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727:
724:
644:
641:
609:
606:
593:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
510:Peter Tudebode
469:Main article:
466:
463:
457:, pistachios,
421:
418:
416:
413:
405:Maarrat Misrin
372:
369:
300:
299:
294:
288:
287:
284:
278:
277:
267:
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167:
166:
161:
155:
154:
141:
137:
136:
129:35.633; 36.667
102:
101:
95:
89:
88:
81:
80:
74:
73:
72:
71:
68:
67:
64:
56:
55:
50:
47:
46:
39:
36:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6198:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6173:
6171:
6148:
6147:Sheikh Yousef
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6097:Biret Armanaz
6095:
6093:
6092:
6088:
6087:
6085:
6083:
6079:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6012:
6008:
6007:
6005:
6003:
5999:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5952:
5951:Kafr Takharim
5948:
5947:
5945:
5943:
5939:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5837:
5833:
5832:
5830:
5828:
5824:
5818:
5817:Tell Elkarame
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5757:
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5752:
5750:
5748:
5744:
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5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5712:
5711:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5684:
5680:
5666:
5665:Tiba - Katrin
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5615:Al-Yacoubiyah
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5605:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5596:
5592:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
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5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
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5501:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5486:
5482:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5435:Kherbet Eljoz
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5401:
5397:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
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5373:
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5368:
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5308:
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5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5275:Jannet Elqora
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
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5248:
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5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5113:Matleh, Ariha
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
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5099:
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5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
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5079:
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5063:Baydar Shamsu
5061:
5059:
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4909:
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4778:
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4744:
4742:
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4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4721:Rakaya Sijneh
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
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4699:
4697:
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4692:
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4609:
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4507:
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4502:
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4479:
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4389:
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4367:
4364:
4362:
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4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
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4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
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4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4030:Khan Shaykhun
4027:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3961:Maar Shamarin
3959:
3957:
3956:Maar Shamshah
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3828:
3824:
3819:
3813:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3604:Tell Karatine
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3499:Khan al-Sabil
3497:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3227:
3222:
3218:
3213:
3204:
3199:
3197:
3192:
3190:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3158:al-Yaarubiyah
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3148:Urum al-Kubra
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3108:Tell al-Daman
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2863:al-Qahtaniyah
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2838:al-Nashabiyah
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2823:al-Musayfirah
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2698:Khan Shaykhun
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2668:Kafr Takharim
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2463:al-Darbasiyah
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2368:Assal al-Ward
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2318:Abu al-Thuhur
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1926:
1921:
1919:
1914:
1912:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1806:
1804:
1803:0-8052-0898-4
1800:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1771:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1754:
1751:
1738:
1732:
1729:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1663:
1659:
1652:
1649:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1528:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1478:
1474:
1467:
1464:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1411:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1110:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1041:
1040:precipitation
1036:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
966:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
896:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
826:
782:
777:
773:
771:
767:
759:
757:
755:
751:
747:
746:
741:
740:Friday mosque
737:
733:
725:
723:
721:
717:
712:
710:
706:
701:
699:
695:
691:
685:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
662:
660:
655:
650:
642:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
607:
605:
602:
597:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
557:
556:
554:
550:
545:
543:
542:
538:, and in the
537:
533:
528:
526:
525:Ralph of Caen
522:
518:
513:
511:
507:
506:
500:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
477:First Crusade
472:
464:
462:
460:
456:
451:
450:Nasir Khusraw
447:
443:
439:
435:
426:
419:
414:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
370:
368:
366:
362:
358:
355:and near the
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
325:
319:
310:
306:
298:
295:
293:
285:
283:
275:
271:
268:
264:
254:
250:
247:
245:
237:
231:
222:
219:
217:
209:
196:
189:
186:
184:
177:
174:
172:
165:
162:
160:
153:
142:
133:
105:Coordinates:
78:
62:
53:
48:
34:
19:
6089:
6009:
5949:
5882:Ein Elbikara
5834:
5802:Burj Elnumra
5777:Kafr Dariyan
5754:
5708:
5707:
5604:Al-Janudiyah
5602:
5492:
5425:Ein El-Bayda
5407:
5300:Marj Elzohur
5186:
5185:
5040:
4970:
4928:
4856:Kafr Shalaya
4821:Urum al-Jawz
4788:
4736:Sheikh Dames
4658:
4621:Tell Khanzir
4528:
4461:Maar Tamater
4456:Maar Tahroma
4383:
4281:Rabeeah Musa
4266:Qasr Elabyad
4131:Fahil Jallas
4083:
4028:
3996:Tell Kersyan
3852:
3851:
3791:
3761:
3666:
3626:
3599:Sheikh Idris
3549:Kafr Battikh
3491:
3429:Tell Elaghar
3348:Abu al-Duhur
3346:
3261:
3225:
3153:Wadi al-Oyun
2993:al-Shaddadah
2878:al-Qaryatayn
2828:al-Mushannaf
2628:al-Jawadiyah
2608:al-Janudiyah
2588:Ibbin Samaan
2533:al-Hamidiyah
2423:Bir al-Helou
2408:Barri Sharqi
2378:Ayn al-Fijah
2304:Sub-district
2219:Ra's al-'Ayn
2149:al-Malikiyah
1868:
1830:
1826:
1810:
1773:. Retrieved
1764:
1753:
1741:. Retrieved
1731:
1719:. Retrieved
1712:
1703:
1691:. Retrieved
1686:
1677:
1665:. Retrieved
1661:
1651:
1639:. Retrieved
1629:
1616:
1607:
1598:
1589:
1580:
1568:
1555:
1542:
1531:. Retrieved
1529:. 2016-02-15
1526:
1517:
1505:. Retrieved
1501:
1492:
1480:. Retrieved
1476:
1466:
1452:
1444:the original
1439:
1430:
1418:
1398:. New York:
1393:
1382:
1370:
1358:
1335:
1330:
1318:
1306:
1294:
1282:
1270:
1258:
1246:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1205:
1193:
1042:mm (inches)
763:
756:(973–1057).
743:
729:
713:
702:
686:
663:
646:
611:
598:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
552:
546:
539:
529:
514:
503:
501:
497:
474:
461:and grapes.
431:
384:
374:
328:
304:
303:
5515:Deir Othman
5430:Hanbushiyeh
5235:Ein Elhamra
5108:Laj Shamali
4983:Deir Sunbul
4706:Maar Hattat
4566:Hamadaniyeh
4341:Tell Halawa
4336:Tell Elojeh
4286:Rasm Elabed
4171:Jeb Elqasab
4066:Umm Zaytuna
4001:Tell Mannas
3966:Maar Shurin
3891:Deir Sharqi
3729:Kafr Yahmul
3434:Tell Fukhar
3359:Tell Touqan
3354:Tell Sultan
3269:Al-Mastumah
3123:Tell Salhab
3118:Tell Rifaat
2918:al-Ruhaybah
2803:al-Masmiyah
2778:al-Mansurah
2638:Jubb Ramlah
2618:al-Jarniyah
2498:al-Ghariyah
2468:Deir Atiyah
2393:Ayn al-Nasr
2383:Ayn Halaqim
2249:al-Sanamayn
2214:al-Qutayfah
2069:Ayn al-Arab
2011:Rif Dimashq
1971:Deir ez-Zor
1947:Governorate
1890: /
1641:22 February
1334:Von Sybel,
736:Dead Cities
718:during the
633:Ibn Battuta
623:'s brother
493:cannibalism
357:Dead Cities
183:Subdistrict
159:Governorate
127: /
6170:Categories
6062:Ras Elhisn
5982:Kafr Maris
5610:Al-Quniyah
5465:Tuffahiyeh
5460:Shaturiyeh
5365:Tell Hamki
5355:Sokkariyeh
5240:Ein Elsoda
4801:Kafr Latah
4696:Kafr Basin
4666:Abu Habbeh
4626:Tell Maraq
4530:Al-Tamanah
4466:Maar Tesin
4436:Kafr Oweid
4356:Umm Sehrij
4251:Mutawaseta
4096:Abul Eleij
4091:Abu Sharji
3991:Tell Dibis
3941:Kafr Rumah
3739:Ram Hamdan
3719:Kafr Jales
3679:Haranabush
3569:Maar Dibsi
3439:Tell Silmo
3419:Ras El Ein
3168:az-Ziyarah
3128:Tell Tamer
3113:Tell Hamis
3098:al-Tamanah
3078:al-Sukhnah
2998:al-Shajara
2943:al-Sabkhah
2883:al-Qurayya
2843:al-Nasirah
2773:al-Malihah
2693:al-Khafsah
2678:al-Karamah
2658:Kafr Batna
2548:Harbnafsah
2453:Darat Izza
2363:al-Asharah
2348:al-Arishah
2313:Abu Qilqil
2284:al-Thawrah
2279:Tell Abyad
2094:Dayr Hafir
2016:as-Suwayda
1981:al-Hasakah
1878:36°40′18″E
1875:35°38′19″N
1687:Al Jazeera
1533:2016-02-15
1132:References
754:Al-Maʿarri
629:Ibn Jubayr
625:Turan Shah
599:Historian
446:pistachios
391:governor,
329:al-Ma'arra
216:Demonym(s)
202:Population
6122:Haj Jomaa
6117:Hafasraja
6042:Kafr Aruq
6027:Qalb Loze
5957:Kafr Kila
5927:Al-Shiokh
5912:Kafr Hind
5842:Abu Talha
5737:Mira Shaq
5625:Foz - Zuf
5550:Ramadiyeh
5470:Yunesiyeh
5420:Baksariya
5370:Umm Elgar
5360:Tell Awar
5315:Msheirfeh
5270:Hseiniyeh
5245:Eshtabraq
5003:Kafr Haya
4988:Ein Laruz
4911:Al-Badria
4906:Thaheriya
4876:Majdaliya
4866:Maarbalit
4861:Kafraziba
4831:Bab Ellah
4711:Maysruneh
4701:Kafrsajna
4641:Umm Jalal
4431:Kafr Musa
4385:Kafr Nabl
4346:Tellemara
4196:Khayriyeh
4161:Jaberiyeh
4116:Dreibiyeh
4061:Qasabiyeh
3916:Hatamiyeh
3861:Abu Makki
3724:Kafr Nabi
3554:Kafr Amim
3509:Abul Khos
3454:Tawahineh
3449:Talkhatra
3424:Rasm Abed
3414:Mustariha
3409:Msheirfeh
3369:Baragethi
3163:al-Zirbah
3143:Uqayribat
2913:al-Riqama
2858:al-Qadmus
2808:al-Mazraa
2733:al-Kiswah
2683:al-Kasrah
2673:Kafr Zita
2663:Kafr Nabl
2583:al-Huwash
2538:al-Hamraa
2493:Ghandoura
2488:Ghabaghib
2478:al-Dumayr
2413:Beit Jinn
2343:al-Ariqah
2269:Talkalakh
2239:Salamiyah
2229:as-Safira
2224:al-Rastan
2209:al-Qusayr
2134:Jarabulus
2114:al-Haffah
2104:Duraykish
2049:Abu Kamal
1775:March 10,
734:from the
726:Landmarks
709:civilians
401:crusaders
345:Civil War
318:romanized
244:Time zone
230:romanized
194:Elevation
6142:Quneitra
6072:Tur Laha
6032:Boz Ghaz
6011:Qurqania
5922:Saidiyeh
5892:Hamziyeh
5852:Al-Alani
5792:Turmanin
5727:Kafr Hum
5545:Maryamin
5530:Jamiliya
5520:Dorriyeh
5455:Ramliyeh
5385:Al-Arien
5375:Umm Rish
5335:Salhiyeh
5320:Qaysiyeh
5133:Shagurit
5068:Beftamun
5042:Muhambal
5008:Kansafra
4886:Maataram
4731:Salhiyeh
4686:Babuline
4681:Armanaya
4676:Amudiyeh
4671:Ameriyeh
4546:Abu Omar
4541:Abu Dali
4471:Maarzita
4451:Lweibdeh
4446:Kawkabeh
4361:Umm Tini
4351:Thleijeh
4331:Tell Dam
4191:Karsanti
4141:Ghazileh
4121:Dwadiyeh
4051:Kafr Ein
3971:Maasaran
3951:Kuweires
3906:Hantutin
3769:Al-Fu'ah
3744:Taltuneh
3649:Talhiyeh
3644:Shallakh
3628:Taftanaz
3444:Taljineh
3299:Kafruhin
3294:Ein Shib
3226:Capital:
3088:Talbiseh
3083:al-Tabni
3073:al-Susah
3063:al-Suwar
3043:Sirghaya
2958:Saidnaya
2933:Sabburah
2888:Qurqania
2833:Muzayrib
2813:Muhambal
2798:Maskanah
2753:Maaloula
2743:Maabatli
2718:Khanaser
2643:Jindires
2613:Jaramana
2603:al-Jalaa
2578:Huraytan
2558:al-Hirak
2523:al-Hajib
2508:al-Hader
2473:al-Dimas
2438:Busayrah
2388:Ayn Issa
2323:Akhtarin
2294:Zabadani
2189:Qamishli
2040:District
2001:Quneitra
1961:Damascus
1714:BBC News
1662:Guardian
1590:BBC News
1507:20 April
1482:20 April
1390:(2004).
1238:Archived
1120:See also
1038:Average
772:: Csa).
745:madrassa
670:Damascus
637:Damascus
438:Estakhri
397:Muhammad
365:Serjilla
171:District
6102:Bsaliya
6091:Armanaz
6052:Rabeeta
6022:Barisha
6017:Banabil
5992:Taltita
5962:Abarita
5932:Al-Tlul
5907:Kafarna
5887:Foziyeh
5877:Delbiya
5872:Bozanti
5862:Talamar
5857:Azmarin
5797:Aqrabat
5787:Taladah
5782:Sarmada
5756:Al-Dana
5732:Kafr Mu
5640:Judayda
5585:Zanbaqi
5540:Mazuleh
5494:Darkush
5450:Najiyeh
5445:Maraand
5330:Sabileh
5265:Hallouz
5220:Bteibat
5143:Al-Marj
5128:Sararif
5098:Kafrmid
5093:Jadraya
5088:Hmeimat
5073:Bsanqul
5013:Maghara
4961:Balshun
4946:Marayan
4936:Al-Rami
4891:Mseibin
4871:Maarzaf
4846:Berjhab
4841:Bazabur
4826:Abkally
4811:Nahlaya
4746:Tahtaya
4606:Rweideh
4551:Breiseh
4511:Umm Nir
4501:Shorlin
4416:Fleifel
4401:Basqala
4391:Hazarin
4241:Mreiheb
4111:Brennan
4101:Bashkun
3976:Qaratli
3946:Kanayes
3936:Jarjnaz
3881:Al-Dana
3866:Babilla
3763:Binnish
3709:Batenta
3689:Kafriya
3674:Zardana
3589:Salamin
3574:Maharem
3559:Khuwara
3524:Anqrati
3504:Mardikh
3493:Saraqib
3469:Taweila
3384:Harmala
3374:Barissa
3364:Ballisa
3309:Martein
3289:Arshani
3284:Aqrabat
3048:Slinfah
3013:Shathah
3008:Sharran
2968:Saraqib
2953:Sahnaya
2923:al-Saan
2818:Muhasan
2788:Markada
2703:Khasham
2653:al-Qabu
2648:al-Jiza
2573:al-Hawl
2543:Harasta
2513:Hadidah
2483:Furqlus
2458:Darkush
2448:al-Dana
2418:Binnish
2398:Babbila
2353:Armanaz
2306:centres
2289:Yabroud
2274:al-Tall
2244:Salkhad
2204:Qudsaya
2194:Qardaha
2184:Palmyra
2179:an-Nabk
2169:Mhardeh
2164:Mayadin
2089:Darayya
2084:Baniyas
2042:centres
1996:Latakia
1949:centres
1787:Sources
1743:5 March
1721:3 March
1693:3 March
1667:3 March
1608:Reuters
1527:Reuters
1440:Reuters
1107:(16.4)
1033:(51.0)
1028:(37.6)
1023:(42.8)
1018:(53.1)
1013:(61.5)
1008:(69.8)
1003:(69.8)
998:(64.0)
993:(55.8)
988:(47.1)
983:(41.2)
978:(35.8)
973:(33.8)
963:(62.3)
958:(45.1)
953:(53.6)
948:(66.0)
943:(75.4)
938:(82.9)
933:(82.4)
928:(77.5)
923:(69.3)
918:(59.2)
913:(51.1)
908:(44.1)
903:(40.8)
893:(73.6)
888:(52.7)
883:(64.6)
878:(79.2)
873:(89.2)
868:(96.1)
863:(95.2)
858:(91.0)
853:(82.9)
848:(71.2)
843:(61.0)
838:(52.5)
833:(47.8)
760:Climate
750:citadel
732:mosaics
664:As the
621:Saladin
617:Baalbek
459:almonds
434:Ya‘qubi
432:In 891
415:History
320::
292:Climate
282:Geocode
232::
140:Country
115:36°40′E
112:35°38′N
18:Maarrat
6137:Millis
6112:Ghafar
6107:Dweila
6067:Sardin
5977:Jadeen
5972:Helleh
5867:Betiya
5836:Salqin
5762:Salwah
5645:Maland
5580:Zahraa
5500:Zarzur
5415:Armala
5409:Bidama
5310:Mintar
5305:Matleh
5255:Ghanya
5250:Frikeh
5210:Bkafla
5205:Balmis
5138:Al-Sad
5103:Kniseh
5058:Baqlid
5018:Marata
4993:Farkya
4978:Bsames
4966:Balyun
4956:Arnaba
4951:Abdita
4896:Nahleh
4881:Moataf
4816:Shinan
4741:Al-Tah
4726:Sahyan
4616:Shatib
4536:Sukayk
4506:Tramla
4491:Sfuhen
4481:Qoqfin
4476:Milaja
4441:Karsaa
4421:Ftireh
4306:Sayadi
4231:Maksar
4211:Khyara
4166:Jahman
4146:Halban
4136:Ferwan
4085:Sinjar
4041:Baarbu
3986:Sarman
3981:Samkeh
3931:Jarada
3921:Hazzan
3911:Harran
3901:Halbeh
3896:Ghadqa
3793:Sarmin
3694:Kaftin
3684:Hizano
3634:Ketyan
3609:Tronba
3579:Rasafa
3539:Dadikh
3534:Bweiti
3529:Bijfas
3399:Jallas
3314:Nayrab
3279:Qminas
3274:Faylun
3138:Thiban
3093:Taldou
3038:Sinjar
3003:Shaqqa
2983:Sawran
2978:Sarrin
2973:Sarmin
2963:Salqin
2928:Saasaa
2908:al-Rai
2898:Rankus
2758:Madaya
2748:Maadan
2708:Kirnaz
2688:Kessab
2598:Jayrud
2568:Hisyah
2433:Bulbul
2333:Arbeen
2254:Shahba
2234:Safita
2199:Qatana
2159:Masyaf
2154:Manbij
2129:Jableh
2079:al-Bab
2064:Atarib
2059:Arihah
2021:Tartus
1956:Aleppo
1801:
1406:
1102:(3.3)
1097:(1.4)
1092:(0.8)
1087:(0.2)
1072:(0.2)
1067:(0.7)
1062:(1.3)
1057:(2.2)
1052:(2.9)
1047:(3.4)
784:Month
674:Aleppo
549:Tafurs
455:olives
389:Muslim
377:Greeks
349:Aleppo
309:Arabic
236:Maarri
221:Arabic
210:87,742
149:
6127:Kabta
6057:Radwa
5847:Isqat
5717:Ariba
5710:Harem
5655:Nasra
5620:Athar
5575:Turin
5570:Thahr
5440:Kinda
5380:Watba
5325:Rawda
5280:Kafir
5230:Dgali
5225:Bzeit
5200:Alyeh
5123:Sahen
5053:Bales
5023:Mozra
4998:Iblin
4941:Juzif
4930:Ihsim
4901:Sarja
4851:Ebneh
4836:Banin
4806:Kurin
4796:Iblin
4790:Ariha
4611:Sahal
4601:Raffa
4561:Farja
4556:Dajaj
4426:Jbala
4411:Faqie
4326:Sqiah
4311:Seraa
4291:Saree
4271:Qatra
4256:Nibaz
4156:Heisa
4056:Nqeir
4036:Abdin
4011:Tqana
3926:Hraki
3876:Bsida
3871:Barsa
3774:Ta'um
3734:Murin
3714:Bhora
3699:Killi
3584:Rayan
3544:Jobas
3464:Tweim
3324:Sijer
3304:Kreiz
3263:Idlib
3229:Idlib
3133:Tedef
3103:Tasil
3068:Suran
3053:Suluk
2988:Sebei
2948:Sadad
2873:Qarah
2783:Mare'
2768:Malah
2763:Mahin
2623:Jasim
2593:Ihsim
2528:Hajin
2443:Da'el
2428:Bosra
2403:Banan
2358:Arwad
2338:Arima
2328:Amuda
2124:Izra'
2119:Harem
2099:Douma
2054:Afrin
2006:Raqqa
1991:Idlib
1966:Daraa
1620:AFP,
1137:Notes
823:Year
385:mʿarā
337:Idlib
333:Syria
286:C3985
270:UTC+2
249:UTC+3
164:Idlib
152:Syria
6037:Htan
5767:Atme
5505:Amud
5340:Sali
5083:Hlul
5078:Hila
4972:Bara
4716:Moqa
4660:Hish
4631:Tama
4591:Niha
4396:Hass
4261:Ojeh
4151:Hawa
4126:Ejaz
4106:Borj
4046:Hbit
3519:Ajez
3033:Shin
2893:Rajo
2853:Nubl
2848:Nawa
2563:Hish
2074:Azaz
1986:Homs
1976:Hama
1799:ISBN
1777:2019
1745:2020
1723:2020
1695:2020
1669:2020
1643:2018
1509:2016
1484:2016
1404:ISBN
1082:(0)
1077:(0)
1031:10.6
1016:11.7
1011:16.4
1006:21.0
1001:21.0
996:17.8
991:13.2
961:16.8
951:12.0
946:18.9
941:24.1
936:28.3
931:28.0
926:25.3
921:20.7
916:15.1
911:10.6
891:23.1
886:11.5
881:18.1
876:26.2
871:31.8
866:35.6
861:35.1
856:32.8
851:28.3
846:21.8
841:16.1
836:11.4
820:Dec
817:Nov
814:Oct
811:Sep
808:Aug
805:Jul
802:Jun
799:May
796:Apr
793:Mar
790:Feb
787:Jan
742:, a
738:, a
703:The
672:and
523:and
483:and
442:Figs
407:and
381:ܡܥܪܗ
371:Name
363:and
361:Bara
353:Hama
351:and
341:Hama
274:EEST
225:معري
52:City
5772:Qah
5048:Anb
3594:San
3564:Lof
3514:Afs
2373:Awj
2109:Fiq
1835:doi
1424:497
1228:doi
1187:496
1172:495
1105:419
1026:3.1
1021:6.0
986:8.4
981:5.1
976:2.1
971:1.0
956:7.3
906:6.7
901:4.9
831:8.8
694:HTS
692:of
619:to
359:of
297:BSk
263:DST
253:EET
6172::
1831:31
1829:.
1711:.
1685:.
1660:.
1606:.
1588:.
1525:.
1500:.
1475:.
1438:.
1343:^
1236:.
1224:30
1222:.
1218:.
1178:^
1161:^
1144:^
1100:84
1095:35
1090:21
1065:19
1060:34
1055:55
1050:73
1045:87
722:.
684:.
661:.
639:.
627:.
534:,
444:,
411:.
367:.
315:,
311::
227:,
223::
3202:e
3195:t
3188:v
1924:e
1917:t
1910:v
1841:.
1837::
1779:.
1747:.
1725:.
1697:.
1671:.
1645:.
1536:.
1511:.
1486:.
1412:.
1230::
1216:"
1085:5
1080:0
1075:0
1070:6
768:(
383:(
307:(
276:)
272:(
265:)
255:)
251:(
20:)
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