149:
853:
762:
1983:
360:
876:, the establishment of a "priesthood of the faithful" and not least, Kowalski's own sexually predatory and abusive behaviour towards young nuns. The sexual allegations became the subject of a court case and public scandal surrounding the church and its reputation. Kowalski's brother bishops decided to put a stop to Kowalski's term of office and a schism ensued. The church split in two, so that the "Kowalski parishes", in the minority, became the "
490:
2625:
43:
2637:
663:
1174:
654:
1018:
Feldman led the opposition to
Kowalski and attracted the majority of Mariavite adherents. They decided to reverse most of the innovations introduced by Kowalski. They returned to Kozłowska's ideas and rules. The Old Catholic Mariavite Church is much the larger: as of 2011 it had about 23,500 members
895:
and remained based in the city of Płock. To this day, by reason of the number of worshippers and parishes, they are the larger of the two churches. After 1935, the leadership of the smaller church grouping, the
Catholic Mariavite Church, remained loyal to bishop Kowalski, and after his death in a
871:
Throughout its early tribulations with the Rome authorities, the church was led by Kozłowska's lieutenant, the catholic priest, later excommunicated, Michał Kowalski until 1935. Kowalski had become a bishop and archbishop in the meanwhile, headquartered in the city of Płock, among other
Mariavite
618:
From 1906 the newly independent denomination continued its development, in no small measure due to donations and support from the faithful. Kozlowska's own acquisition of 400 hectares of land in Płock, enabled not only the construction of a cathedral, completed "in-house" by two professionally
872:
diocesan bishops. His theological, doctrinal and ecclesiastical interpretations and innovations put pressure on the
Mariavite episcopate. Among these were the introduction of married clergy, the subsequent birth of 'mystical children' separated from their parents for early rearing, the
543:, the tsarist authorities forbade the establishment of any new Polish organisations. Religious orders were often banned or exiled. Catholic clergy in the Russian Partition could not be locally educated, in contrast to the priests in the
471:
in Poland. It continued as a unitary church until 1935 when a faction led by bishop Filip
Feldman challenged the church leader, Michał Kowalski, and successfully expelled him and his loyalists from the headquarters in the Polish city of
583:
Observing the spread of "Mariavitism" across their ecclesiastical territory, Polish
Catholic bishops were alarmed by the threat the movement posed to their apostolic authority and teachings and reported it to the
2667:
2532:
2276:
2039:
1239:
2410:
2081:
2280:
1153:
who was removed from office and demoted from episcopal status, effective 15-10-2023, by the Church's Main
Chapter following serious maladministration and financial irregularities.
567:. In it she understood she was to found a new religious movement expressing "Mariavitism". Further visions continued until 1918. Their content was gathered in a volume entitled
2662:
2284:
1890:
552:
840:". The leaders of the Mariavite Church were persecuted and sued in court. Kowalski himself appeared in 20 cases to answer charges. Among other allegations he was accused of
645:(1914) with adjoining monastic buildings, but the development of revenue raising enterprises, such as educational facilities, a printing press, bakery and animal breeding.
2106:
753:
In turn, Kowalski went on to consecrate: Fatôme (France), Feldman, Gołębiowski, Próchniewiski, Rostoworowski, Siedlecki, and his own wife, Maria
Izabela Wiłucka-Kowalska.
2343:
2211:
2061:
739:
832:
Kowalski's innovations disrupted and severed the connection with the Old
Catholics in Europe. The church struggled to maintain its reputation and standing during the
1367:
and occasionally flouted: "It is after all a swindle." Although Maas was investigated by
Mannheim police, the prosecutor did not issue an arrest warrant until the
769:
Following the death in 1921 of the foundress of the movement, Kozlowska, there was no effective inhibition on Kowalski's reforms and innovations which included:
2010:
884:, named in honour of the foundress. The dissident majority became known as the "Old Catholic Church of the Mariavites", which, after 1935, was led by bishop
852:
588:
probably in the late 1890s. After the election of a new pope, a final papal decision on the fate of the movement was made in September 1904. In April 1906,
379:, both of which can be dated from 1906 but which became distinct after 1935 as a result of doctrinal differences, and are collectively known as
2672:
1368:
728:
607:
456:
1202:
1958:
1932:
1884:
1814:
1779:
1757:
1482:
The designers of the project, Szymanowski and Przysiecki were rewarded, on completion in 1914, with ordination into the Mariavite priesthood.
1218:
1189:
977:, which has about 3,000 members. The denomination confirmed all the decisions of Kowalski and introduced a public cult of Kozłowska, the
1862:
735:
501:
1234:
937:
of the Old Catholic Mariavite Church. By contrast, the Catholic Mariavite Church currently stands away from the ecumenical movement.
1604:
1413:, and certification as a Roman Catholic theologian; he also used two honorary doctorates that he was not entitled to use in Germany.
441:
126:
60:
901:
2003:
1685:
808:
801:
2583:
2272:
2197:
1866:
919:
224:
107:
79:
64:
970:
1528:
2371:
2204:
2178:
2116:
2066:
993:. His successor was his wife, Bishop Maria Izabela Wiłucka-Kowalska. From 1946 to 2005, the head of the church was Bishop
493:
267:
2615:
1223:
1213:
1096:
2500:
2482:
2111:
2101:
1647:
1037:
399:
86:
1996:
836:
in newly independent and sovereign Poland. Mariavites were actively discriminated against to the extent of "Mariavite
794:
683:
671:
642:
1574:
720:
1070:
703:
636:
1798:
2554:
1194:
1122:
402:(1871–1942), became convinced by Kozłowska's revelations and adopted her vision as his own project by her side.
93:
53:
2657:
2361:
2325:
2091:
2034:
1091:
1065:
986:
974:
912:
908:
877:
698:
631:
307:
228:
220:
31:
1117:
1005:
994:
2267:
2044:
1135:
897:
881:
687:
620:
148:
1104:
1057:
1052:
207:
202:
1282:
type association in Germany. Even in 1949, this association was not legally recognized as a sect by Germany.
1207:
1010:
999:
738:, assisted by two OKKN bishops, J. J. van Thiel of Haarlem and N. B. P. Spit of Deventer, one
75:
2464:
2446:
2391:
2353:
2173:
2086:
1130:
521:
330:
1322:
692:
625:
2527:
2428:
2249:
2142:
2076:
2071:
985:
of the world. The church is insular and does not participate in the ecumenical movement. Kowalski died in
833:
787:
468:
1109:
1046:
885:
857:
779:
1929: the Ordination of women, introduced in the Catholic Mariavite Church (with possibility of marriage)
30:
This article is about the larger Mariavite denomination. For the alternative Mariavite denomination, see
1767:
1078:
406:
296:
187:
1304:
1290:
1143:
761:
463:
to what by default had become a new catholic church, the "Mariavite Church", with the power to confer
2522:
2299:
2232:
2168:
2056:
1802:
1276:
1157:
923:
743:
505:
460:
387:
162:
641:) who brought into the church considerable personal 'dowries' for the construction in Płock, of the
2629:
1327:
873:
783:
1083:
2152:
2147:
2020:
1916:
1849:
1736:
945:
The original name of the church was in English translation, the "Old Catholic Mariavite Church" (
548:
544:
525:
513:
1295:
890:
862:
1954:
1928:
1880:
1841:
1810:
1775:
1753:
1728:
1382:
533:
391:
100:
1809:. Vol. 3. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. pp. 402–403.
2259:
2241:
1946:
1833:
1794:
1720:
826:
820:
564:
540:
405:
The movement represented an ideology whose aim was to imitate the simplicity of the life of
192:
1309:
551:. The only authorized Roman Catholic theological training in the Russian Empire was at the
2599:
2579:
2126:
2121:
1375:
1364:
1265:
1245:
946:
599:
509:
445:
172:
1612:
1148:
1873:
Churches, Denominations as well as National and Ethnic Associations in Poland, 2009–2011
2514:
1982:
1397:
1162:
934:
928:
517:
489:
436:, the Life of Mary, gave the movement its name. The movement became the subject of two
359:
1677:
2651:
2641:
2051:
1229:
532:
organizations became illegal. The situation of the Catholic Church was worst in the
383:. Mariavitism first emerged from the religious inspiration of Polish noblewoman and
2335:
2317:
2220:
1393:, Maas wanted to become a priest without a theological education, so he forged his
990:
916:
732:
373:
1837:
459:
which, after negotiations welcomed them and in 1909 granted both recognition and
2492:
1988:
1942:
1520:
1357:
589:
464:
376:
42:
2385:
1921:
1868:
Wyznania religijne stowarzyszenia narodowościowe i etniczne w Polsce 2009–2011
1824:Łagosz, Zbigniew (2013). "Mariavites and the Occult: A Search for the Truth".
1790:
593:
437:
426:
1845:
1789:
Karski, Karol (2003). "Mariavites". In Fahlbusch, Erwin; Lochman, Jan Milič;
1732:
1611:(in Polish). Płock, Poland: Kościół Starokatolicki Mariawitów. Archived from
2624:
2474:
2456:
2420:
1711:
Appolis, Émile (1965). "Une Église des derniers temps: L'Église Mariavite".
841:
398:
in the late 19th-century. A young Catholic priest from a modest background,
1724:
1582:
2595:
2575:
2402:
2308:
2189:
1315:
961:
a grammatical change which does not affect the translation into English.
675:
585:
529:
473:
279:
253:
17:
1853:
1740:
1173:
420:
2438:
1333:
1185:
in Poland with 38 parishes and one province in France with 2 parishes:
1182:
724:
662:
423:
2224:
1407:
837:
747:
679:
395:
290:
283:
257:
243:
239:
1750:
Bishops Irregular: An International Directory of Independent Bishops
682:, headquarters of the Old Catholic Mariavite Church. The complex in
653:
1581:. Płock, Poland: Kościół Starokatolicki Mariawitów. Archived from
1253:
1172:
760:
455:
The leaders of the movement sought theological sanctuary with the
449:
417:
410:
786:, abolished in Old Catholic Mariavite Church (one reason for the
2193:
1992:
384:
36:
708:, later priests of the church, with Michał Kowalski as client
851:
1879:(in Polish). Warsaw: Statistical Publishing Establishment.
1250:
Province de France de l'Eglise Vieille-Catholique Mariavite
907:
The Old Catholic Mariavite Church remains a member of the
2533:
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Poland
1976:
352:
2668:
Christian denominations established in the 20th century
1466:
1464:
1462:
1449:
1447:
1177:
Dioceses of the Old Catholic Mariavite Church in Poland
1434:
1432:
1430:
2613:
880:". Its headquarters was moved to the small estate of
2545:
2513:
2491:
2473:
2455:
2437:
2419:
2401:
2384:
2352:
2334:
2316:
2307:
2298:
2258:
2240:
2231:
2161:
2135:
2027:
553:
Saint Petersburg Roman Catholic Theological Academy
347:
339:
329:
321:
313:
303:
289:
273:
263:
249:
235:
215:
198:
186:
178:
168:
158:
141:
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2107:Baptist Christian Church of the Republic of Poland
1920:
816:1931–1933: Simplification of liturgical ceremonies
1672:
1670:
1668:
467:. It therefore became a separate and independent
2062:Polish-Catholic Church in the Republic of Poland
1684:(in German). No. 52. 1949. pp. 10–11.
740:Catholic Diocese of the Old Catholics in Germany
813:1930: Suppression of prerogatives of the clergy
485:Polish Roman Catholic Church under Russian rule
432:, ("Let them imitate the Life of Mary"), thus
2411:Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession
2205:
2004:
8:
1405:
1395:
1387:
1373:
1355:
1274:
955:
575:), published by the Marinate Press in 1922.
2663:Christian organizations established in 1903
969:The Kowalski loyalists moved from Płock to
597:
508:between the three neighbouring powers, the
476:, thereby creating two Mariavite churches.
415:
2398:
2313:
2304:
2237:
2212:
2198:
2190:
2011:
1997:
1989:
1981:
773:1922–1924 - Marriage available for priests
358:
1772:Episcopi Vagantes and the Anglican Church
1648:"Mariawici wybrali dwóch nowych biskupów"
1549:
1300:on 4 September 1938 in Felicjanow, Poland
973:. The village is the headquarters of the
610:Kozłowska, Kowalski and their followers.
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1371:pointed out that Maas violated the 1933
1270:Orden der Mariaviten in Deutschland e.V.
1264:The Order of the Mariavites in Germany (
953:) between 1910 and 1967, when it became
488:
2620:
2567:
1491:
1470:
1426:
1346:
1633:
1561:
1453:
1438:
1369:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Freiburg
915:. It is not currently a member of the
729:Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands
606:In December 1906, the Catholic Church
520:. Under the Russian Empire, where the
457:Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands
138:
1752:. Bristol, England: A. M. Bain.
1531:from the original on 23 December 2012
1004:. He was succeeded in 2005 by Bishop
776:1922: Communion under the two species
343:Old Catholic Church of the Mariavites
7:
1713:Archives de sociologie des religions
1688:from the original on 24 October 2015
1507:
1495:
619:qualified architects and engineers (
65:adding citations to reliable sources
1927:. London: Oxford University Press.
1896:from the original on 8 October 2013
1575:"The Old Catholic Mariavite Church"
1118:Zdzisław Maria Włodzimierz Jaworski
440:in 1906 which resulted in the mass
1678:"Wenn man den Drang in sich spürt"
1105:Stanisław Maria Tymoteusz Kowalski
1092:Wacław Maria Innocenty Gołębiowski
1066:Wacław Maria Bartłomiej Przysiecki
951:Staro-Katolicki Kościół Mariawitów
25:
1363:in 1949, Maas had impersonated a
1023:Structure of the Mariavite church
975:Catholic Church of the Mariavites
957:Kościół Starokatolicki Mariawitów
819:1931–1933: Simplification of the
496:, founder of the Mariavite Church
372:refers to one of two independent
2635:
2623:
1953:. New York: Garland Publishers.
1807:The Encyclopedia of Christianity
661:
652:
563:In 1893 Kozłowska had her first
147:
41:
2273:Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
1521:"Old Church Catholic Mariavite"
981:, the Spouse of Christ and new
795:Priesthood of the people of God
765:Jan Michał Kowalski (1871-1942)
742:bishop, J. Demmel of Bonn, and
500:From 1795 the territory of the
225:Conference of European Churches
52:needs additional citations for
2040:Ukrainian Catholic Archdiocese
1260:Order of Mariavites in Germany
1053:Roman Maria Jakub Próchniewski
902:Maria Izabela Wiłucka-Kowalska
643:Sanctuary of Mercy and Charity
502:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
2673:1903 establishments in Poland
2372:Old Catholic Church in Poland
2179:Slavic Native Faith in Poland
2097:Old Catholic Mariavite Church
2067:Old Catholic Church in Poland
1131:Michał Maria Ludwik Jabłoński
1028:Old Catholic Mariavite Church
804:for new-born baptized infants
797:similar to Protestant concept
569:Dzieło Wielkiego Miłosierdzia
370:Old Catholic Mariavite Church
142:Old Catholic Mariavite Church
2555:Alians Ewangeliczny w Polsce
2501:Pentecostal Church in Poland
2483:Seventh-day Adventist Church
2112:Pentecostal Church in Poland
2102:Seventh-day Adventist Church
1838:10.5771/0257-9774-2013-1-256
1805:; Barrett, David B. (eds.).
757:Kowalski reforms (1921–1935)
719:Kowalski was consecrated in
27:Independent Christian church
2082:Evangelical-Augsburg Church
1951:The Old Catholic Sourcebook
1768:Brandreth, Henry R. T.
699:Maria Bartłomiej Przysiecki
672:Temple of Mercy and Charity
632:Maria Bartłomiej Przysiecki
614:Mariavite Church, 1906–1921
558:
452:adherents to the movement.
2689:
1863:Central Statistical Office
1203:Diocese of Podlasie-Lublin
1006:Maria Beatrycze Szulgowicz
995:Maria Rafael Wojciechowski
494:Maria Franciszka Kozłowska
390:(1862–1921) living in the
268:Maria Franciszka Kozłowska
29:
2563:
2362:Catholic Mariavite Church
2092:Catholic Mariavite Church
2035:Catholic Church in Poland
1038:Jan Maria Michał Kowalski
987:Dachau concentration camp
913:World Council of Churches
909:Polish Ecumenical Council
878:Catholic Mariavite Church
688:Maria Mateusz Szymanowski
621:Maria Mateusz Szymanowski
400:Jan Maria Michał Kowalski
308:Catholic Mariavite Church
229:Polish Ecumenical Council
221:World Council of Churches
146:
32:Catholic Mariavite Church
2268:Armenian Catholic Church
1385:in public. According to
1158:Jarosław Maria Jan Opala
727:, on 5 October 1909, by
721:St. Gertrude's Cathedral
325:23,436 in Poland (2011),
203:Jarosław Maria Jan Opala
2465:United Methodist Church
2447:Baptist Union of Poland
2174:Protestantism in Poland
2087:United Methodist Church
1219:Diocese of Silesia-Łódź
1199:with cathedral in Płock
1190:Diocese of Warsaw-Płock
898:Nazi concentration camp
686:was designed by Feliks
573:The Work of Great Mercy
559:Kozłowska's revelations
522:Russian Orthodox Church
2344:Polish Catholic Church
2250:Polish Orthodox Church
2077:Polish Reformed Church
2072:Polish Orthodox Church
1725:10.3406/assr.1965.2572
1406:
1396:
1388:
1374:
1356:
1332:on 31 October 1987 in
1285:Apostolic succession:
1275:
1269:
1249:
1178:
1144:Marek Maria Karol Babi
1079:Jan Maria Michał Sitek
956:
950:
868:
834:Second Polish Republic
766:
598:
497:
469:religious denomination
416:
2598:with the rest of the
2578:with the rest of the
2326:Roman Catholic Church
1803:Bromiley, Geoffrey W.
1605:"Sukcesja Apostolska"
1323:Maria Norbert Szuwart
1314:on 9 October 1949 in
1289:Kowalski consecrated
1181:organized into three
1176:
965:After the 1935 schism
900:to his widow, bishop
855:
809:ecclesiastical titles
764:
492:
335:4 bishops; 25 priests
297:Roman Catholic church
2523:New Apostolic Church
2300:Western Christianity
2233:Eastern Christianity
2169:Irreligion in Poland
2136:Not state-recognised
2057:Native Polish Church
1381:by wearing Catholic
1277:Eingetragener Verein
1252:) with cathedral in
825:?: Reduction of the
744:Arnold Harris Mathew
715:Apostolic succession
461:Apostolic succession
163:Independent Catholic
61:improve this article
2546:Interdenominational
2528:Jehovah's Witnesses
2143:Jehovah's Witnesses
2021:religions of Poland
1917:Peterkiewicz, Jerzy
1748:Bain, Alan (1985).
1303:Fatôme consecrated
1047:Maria Filip Feldman
941:Polish name changes
886:Maria Filip Feldman
874:ordination of women
858:Maria Filip Feldman
784:ordination of women
549:Prussian Partitions
448:of both clergy and
1585:on 25 October 2015
1494:, pp. 58–59;
1235:Province of France
1228:with cathedral in
1212:with cathedral in
1179:
911:, and also of the
869:
767:
731:(OKKN) Archbishop
528:, Polish Catholic
526:established church
514:Kingdom of Prussia
498:
317:44 parishes (2011)
76:"Mariavite Church"
2611:
2610:
2541:
2540:
2509:
2508:
2380:
2379:
2294:
2293:
2187:
2186:
1960:978-0-8240-9111-8
1947:Melton, J. Gordon
1934:978-0-19-212198-1
1886:978-83-7027-519-8
1816:978-0-8028-2415-8
1795:Pelikan, Jaroslav
1781:978-0-912134-06-2
1759:978-0-9510298-0-0
1646:Bruncz, Dariusz.
1636:, pp. 44–45.
1615:on 30 August 2004
1383:clerical clothing
1321:Maas consecrated
1305:Marie Paulus Maas
1291:Marie Marc Fatôme
807:1930: Removal of
534:Russian Partition
392:Russian Partition
388:Feliksa Kozłowska
366:
365:
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
2680:
2658:Mariavite Church
2640:
2639:
2638:
2628:
2627:
2619:
2602:
2592:
2586:
2584:Union of Utrecht
2572:
2399:
2395:
2367:Mariavite Church
2314:
2305:
2281:Wrocław–Koszalin
2242:Eastern Orthodox
2238:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2191:
2028:State-recognised
2013:
2006:
1999:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1979:
1977:Official website
1964:
1938:
1926:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1895:
1878:
1857:
1820:
1785:
1763:
1744:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1674:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1652:www.ekumenizm.pl
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1457:
1451:
1442:
1436:
1414:
1411:
1401:
1391:
1379:
1361:
1351:
1331:
1313:
1299:
1280:
1243:
1227:
1211:
1198:
1170:Administration:
1166:
1152:
1139:
1126:
1113:
1100:
1087:
1074:
1061:
1014:
1003:
959:
932:
920:Union of Utrecht
894:
866:
827:Eucharistic fast
821:Lenten sacrifice
707:
696:
665:
656:
640:
629:
603:
592:promulgated the
565:religious vision
541:January Uprising
430:
362:
357:
354:
348:Official website
299:
231:
211:
153:Mariavite emblem
151:
139:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2636:
2634:
2622:
2614:
2612:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2600:Catholic Church
2593:
2589:
2580:Catholic Church
2573:
2569:
2559:
2547:
2537:
2505:
2487:
2469:
2451:
2433:
2429:Reformed Church
2415:
2389:
2388:
2376:
2348:
2330:
2290:
2277:Przemyśl–Warsaw
2254:
2227:
2218:
2188:
2183:
2157:
2131:
2023:
2017:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1961:
1941:
1935:
1915:
1912:
1910:Further reading
1899:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1876:
1860:
1823:
1817:
1788:
1782:
1774:. Borgo Press.
1766:
1760:
1747:
1710:
1707:
1702:
1701:
1691:
1689:
1676:
1675:
1666:
1657:
1655:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1632:
1628:
1618:
1616:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1588:
1586:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1560:
1556:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1532:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1469:
1460:
1452:
1445:
1437:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1376:Reichskonkordat
1365:Catholic priest
1352:
1348:
1343:
1325:
1307:
1293:
1262:
1237:
1221:
1205:
1192:
1160:
1146:
1133:
1120:
1107:
1094:
1081:
1068:
1055:
1030:
1025:
1008:
997:
967:
943:
926:
924:Maria Jan Opala
888:
860:
850:
759:
717:
712:
711:
710:
709:
701:
690:
668:
667:
666:
658:
657:
634:
623:
616:
600:Tribus circiter
581:
579:Excommunication
561:
539:After the 1863
510:Austrian Empire
487:
482:
446:Catholic Church
442:excommunication
351:
295:
278:
227:
223:
219:
205:
173:Old Catholicism
154:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2686:
2684:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2632:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2587:
2582:, part of the
2566:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2551:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2515:Restorationist
2511:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2497:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2479:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2461:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2443:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2425:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2407:
2405:
2396:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2358:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2340:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2322:
2320:
2311:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2285:Olsztyn–Gdańsk
2270:
2264:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2246:
2244:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2194:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1970:
1969:External links
1967:
1966:
1965:
1959:
1939:
1933:
1923:The Third Adam
1911:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1885:
1858:
1832:(1): 256–266.
1821:
1815:
1799:Vischer, Lukas
1786:
1780:
1764:
1758:
1745:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1664:
1638:
1626:
1596:
1566:
1554:
1550:Brandreth 2007
1542:
1512:
1500:
1484:
1475:
1458:
1456:, p. 402.
1443:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1398:Mittlere Reife
1345:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1319:
1301:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1232:
1216:
1200:
1168:
1167:
1154:
1140:
1127:
1114:
1101:
1088:
1075:
1062:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
966:
963:
942:
939:
935:primate bishop
922:. Since 2023,
849:
846:
830:
829:
823:
817:
814:
811:
805:
798:
791:
790:in the church)
780:
777:
774:
758:
755:
716:
713:
684:English Gothic
670:
669:
660:
659:
651:
650:
649:
648:
647:
615:
612:
608:excommunicated
580:
577:
560:
557:
518:Russian Empire
486:
483:
481:
478:
364:
363:
349:
345:
344:
341:
337:
336:
333:
327:
326:
323:
319:
318:
315:
311:
310:
305:
301:
300:
293:
291:Separated from
287:
286:
275:
271:
270:
265:
261:
260:
251:
247:
246:
237:
233:
232:
217:
213:
212:
200:
196:
195:
190:
184:
183:
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
160:
159:Classification
156:
155:
152:
144:
143:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2685:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2643:
2633:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2617:
2601:
2597:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2562:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2548:organisations
2544:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2383:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2052:Rodzima Wiara
2050:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2014:
2009:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1984:
1978:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1925:
1924:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1719:(19): 51–67.
1718:
1715:(in French).
1714:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1653:
1649:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1627:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1555:
1552:, p. 60.
1551:
1546:
1543:
1530:
1526:
1525:Mariavite.org
1522:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1485:
1479:
1476:
1473:, p. 53.
1472:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1441:, p. 44.
1440:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1420:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1390:
1384:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1353:According to
1350:
1347:
1340:
1335:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1271:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1225:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1209:
1204:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1175:
1171:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1001:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
964:
962:
960:
958:
952:
948:
940:
938:
936:
930:
925:
921:
918:
914:
910:
905:
903:
899:
892:
887:
883:
879:
875:
864:
859:
854:
848:Church schism
847:
845:
843:
839:
835:
828:
824:
822:
818:
815:
812:
810:
806:
803:
799:
796:
792:
789:
785:
781:
778:
775:
772:
771:
770:
763:
756:
754:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
734:
730:
726:
722:
714:
705:
700:
694:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
664:
655:
646:
644:
638:
633:
627:
622:
613:
611:
609:
605:
602:
601:
595:
591:
587:
578:
576:
574:
570:
566:
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
495:
491:
484:
479:
477:
475:
470:
466:
462:
458:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
429:
428:
425:
422:
419:
412:
408:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
386:
382:
378:
375:
371:
361:
356:
350:
346:
342:
340:Other name(s)
338:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
314:Congregations
312:
309:
306:
302:
298:
294:
292:
288:
285:
281:
276:
272:
269:
266:
262:
259:
255:
252:
248:
245:
241:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
209:
204:
201:
197:
194:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
174:
171:
167:
164:
161:
157:
150:
145:
140:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2630:Christianity
2590:
2570:
2392:Main article
2366:
2336:Old Catholic
2318:Latin Church
2221:Christianity
2096:
1950:
1943:Pruter, Karl
1922:
1898:. Retrieved
1872:
1867:
1829:
1825:
1806:
1771:
1749:
1716:
1712:
1690:. Retrieved
1681:
1656:. Retrieved
1651:
1641:
1629:
1617:. Retrieved
1613:the original
1609:mariawita.pl
1608:
1599:
1587:. Retrieved
1583:the original
1579:mariawita.pl
1578:
1569:
1557:
1545:
1533:. Retrieved
1524:
1515:
1503:
1492:Appolis 1965
1487:
1478:
1471:Appolis 1965
1404:
1394:
1386:
1372:
1354:
1349:
1284:
1273:
1263:
1180:
1169:
1031:
1017:
991:World War II
982:
978:
968:
954:
944:
917:Old Catholic
906:
870:
831:
768:
752:
733:Gerardus Gul
718:
617:
596:
582:
572:
568:
562:
538:
499:
454:
433:
414:
404:
380:
369:
367:
250:Headquarters
216:Associations
199:Prime bishop
123:
117:October 2008
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
2493:Pentecostal
2354:Independent
1791:Mbiti, John
1682:Der Spiegel
1654:(in Polish)
1634:Poland 2013
1562:Łagosz 2013
1535:19 November
1454:Karski 2003
1439:Poland 2013
1389:Der Spiegel
1358:Der Spiegel
1326: [
1308: [
1294: [
1238: [
1222: [
1206: [
1193: [
1161: [
1156:from 2023:
1147: [
1142:2015–2023:
1134: [
1129:2007–2015:
1121: [
1116:1997–2007:
1108: [
1103:1972–1997:
1095: [
1090:1965–1972:
1082: [
1077:1955–1965:
1069: [
1064:1953–1955:
1056: [
1051:1945–1953:
1045:1935–1945:
1042:1935 Schism
1036:1906–1935:
1019:in Poland.
1009: [
998: [
927: [
889: [
867:(1885-1971)
861: [
842:blasphemies
782:1929–1935:
702: [
691: [
635: [
624: [
590:Pope Pius X
506:partitioned
465:holy orders
438:Papal bulls
434:vita Mariae
304:Separations
206: [
182:Mariavitism
169:Orientation
2652:Categories
2386:Protestant
2019:Principal
1692:24 October
1658:2023-10-25
1619:23 October
1589:25 October
1421:References
983:Redemptrix
971:Felicjanów
882:Felicjanów
736:of Utrecht
674:(1914) in
594:encyclical
381:Mariavites
87:newspapers
2596:communion
2576:communion
2475:Adventist
2457:Methodist
2421:Calvinist
1846:0257-9774
1826:Anthropos
1733:0003-9659
1508:Bain 1985
1496:Bain 1985
1336:, Germany
1318:, Germany
1032:Leaders:
802:Eucharist
530:religious
504:had been
444:from the
427:imitantur
374:Christian
353:mariawita
331:Ministers
193:Episcopal
18:Mariavite
2403:Lutheran
2309:Catholic
2260:Catholic
2162:See also
2153:Hinduism
2148:Buddhism
2045:Armenian
1949:(1983).
1919:(1975).
1891:Archived
1865:(2013).
1861:Poland.
1854:23510279
1770:(2007).
1741:30120666
1686:Archived
1529:Archived
1316:Mannheim
1272:) is an
1183:dioceses
979:Mateczka
545:Austrian
524:was the
516:and the
377:churches
179:Theology
2616:Portals
2594:Not in
2574:Not in
2439:Baptist
2117:Judaism
1900:22 July
1705:Sources
1334:Cologne
989:during
933:is the
856:Bishop
838:pogroms
725:Utrecht
586:Vatican
480:History
322:Members
264:Founder
101:scholar
2642:Poland
2225:Poland
2127:Karaim
1957:
1931:
1883:
1875:]
1852:
1844:
1813:
1778:
1756:
1739:
1731:
1408:Abitur
1266:German
1246:French
1214:Cegłów
947:Polish
800:1930:
793:1930:
788:schism
748:London
680:Poland
512:, the
421:Mariae
396:Poland
284:Poland
274:Origin
258:Poland
244:France
240:Poland
236:Region
188:Polity
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
2122:Islam
1894:(PDF)
1877:(PDF)
1871:[
1850:JSTOR
1737:JSTOR
1341:Notes
1330:]
1312:]
1298:]
1254:Paris
1242:]
1226:]
1210:]
1197:]
1165:]
1151:]
1138:]
1125:]
1112:]
1099:]
1086:]
1073:]
1060:]
1013:]
1002:]
931:]
893:]
865:]
706:]
695:]
676:Płock
639:]
628:]
474:Płock
424:vitam
411:Latin
409:, in
280:Płock
277:1906
254:Płock
210:]
108:JSTOR
94:books
1955:ISBN
1929:ISBN
1902:2018
1881:ISBN
1842:ISSN
1811:ISBN
1776:ISBN
1754:ISBN
1729:ISSN
1694:2015
1621:2015
1591:2015
1537:2010
1230:Łódź
697:and
630:and
547:and
407:Mary
368:The
242:and
80:news
2223:in
1834:doi
1830:108
1721:doi
746:of
450:lay
418:qui
394:of
385:nun
355:.pl
63:by
2654::
2283:,
2279:,
1945:;
1889:.
1848:.
1840:.
1828:.
1801:;
1797:;
1793:;
1735:.
1727:.
1717:19
1680:.
1667:^
1650:.
1607:.
1577:.
1527:.
1523:.
1461:^
1446:^
1429:^
1403:,
1328:pl
1310:pl
1296:pl
1268::
1248::
1240:pl
1224:pl
1208:pl
1195:pl
1163:pl
1149:pl
1136:pl
1123:pl
1110:pl
1097:pl
1084:pl
1071:pl
1058:pl
1015:.
1011:pl
1000:pl
949::
929:pl
904:.
891:pl
863:pl
844:.
750:.
723:,
704:pl
693:pl
678:,
637:pl
626:pl
555:.
536:.
413:,
282:,
256:,
208:pl
2618::
2394:)
2390:(
2287:)
2275:(
2213:e
2206:t
2199:v
2012:e
2005:t
1998:v
1963:.
1937:.
1904:.
1856:.
1836::
1819:.
1784:.
1762:.
1743:.
1723::
1696:.
1661:.
1623:.
1593:.
1564:.
1539:.
1510:.
1498:.
1244:(
604:.
571:(
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
