142:
166:
4508:
4071:
4077:
4083:
116:
2174:
O'Leary, Maureen A.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Flynn, John J.; Gaudin, Timothy J.; Giallombardo, Andres; Giannini, Norberto P.; Goldberg, Suzann L.; Kraatz, Brian P.; Luo, Zhe-Xi; Meng, Jin; Ni, Michael J.; Novacek, Fernando A.; Perini, Zachary S.; Randall, Guillermo; Rougier, Eric J.; Sargis, Mary T.;
688:, which likely had a wide range of diets. The oldest known Australian marsupials are from the early Eocene, and are thought to have arrived in the region after having dispersed via Antarctica from South America. The only known Antarctic metatherians are from the Early Eocene
570:
as an early member of
Eutheria. The oldest uncontested metatherians are now 110 million year old fossils from western North America. Metatherians were widespread in Asia and North America during the Late Cretaceous, including both
2175:
Silcox, Nancy b.; Simmons, Micelle; Spaulding, Paul M.; Velazco, Marcelo; Weksler, John R.; Wible, Andrea L.; Cirranello, A. L. (8 February 2013). "The
Placental Mammal Ancestor and the Post–K-Pg Radiation of Placentals".
575:
and
Marsupialiformes, with fossils also known from Europe during this time. During the Late Cretaceous, metatherians were more diverse than eutherians in North America. Metatherians underwent a severe decline during the
461:
in 1880, it is a more inclusive group than the marsupials; it contains all marsupials as well as many extinct non-marsupial relatives. It is one of two groups placed in the clade
501:, the dentary has a posterior masseteric shelf, and the lower 5th premolar has a "very trenchant" cristid obliqua/ectolophid. The permanent deciduous lower 5th premolars are
5189:
5100:
577:
562:
around 125 million years ago (mya). This makes it a contemporary to some early eutherian species that have been found in the same area. However, Bi
5087:
672:
and underwent a major diversificiation, with South
American metatherians including both the ancestors of extant marsupials as well as the extinct
2883:"What are "opossum-like" fossils? The phylogeny of herpetotheriid and peradectid metatherians, based on new features from the petrosal anatomy"
2420:
2292:
S. Bi; X. Zheng; X. Wang; N.E. Cignetti; S. Yang; J.R. Wible (2018). "An Early
Cretaceous eutherian and the placental–marsupial dichotomy".
591:
remained low in comparison to eutherians throughout the
Cenozoic. The two major groups of Cenozoic Laurasian metatherians, the opossum-like
2937:
541:, favors a closer evolutionary relationship between marsupials and placental mammals than either has with the monotremes, as does most
2506:
5159:
5194:
5184:
5092:
2669:"The southernmost Miocene occurrence of the last European herpetotheriid Amphiperatherium frequens (Metatheria, Mammalia)"
2630:"An emerging consensus in the evolution, phylogeny, and systematics of marsupials and their fossil relatives (Metatheria)"
5179:
5164:
2438:"The platypus is in its place: nuclear genes and indels confirm the sister group relation of monotremes and therians"
627:
from Asia being the youngest
Laurasian non-marsupial metatherians (with marsupials invading North America during the
165:
5169:
5066:
4507:
636:
5105:
5079:
2667:
Furió, Marc; Ruiz-Sánchez, Francisco J.; Crespo, Vicente D.; Freudenthal, Matthijs; Montoya, Plinio (July 2012).
5174:
2930:
4070:
141:
4082:
2558:"Deep time diversity of metatherian mammals: implications for evolutionary history and fossil-record quality"
2240:"Deep time diversity of metatherian mammals: implications for evolutionary history and fossil-record quality"
696:, where they are the most diverse group of mammals, and include marsupials as well as polydolopimorphians.
4988:
4947:
4663:
5126:
4609:
4076:
651:
124:
3861:
3331:
2628:
Eldridge, Mark D B; Beck, Robin M D; Croft, Darin A; Travouillon, Kenny J; Fox, Barry J (23 May 2019).
485:, the development of a capitular tail on the humerus, the loss of tooth replacement on the 2nd and 5th
4853:
4672:
4353:
3211:
1961:
645:
5048:
5035:
4595:
4567:
4560:
3572:
3402:
2882:
2837:
2680:
2569:
2355:
2301:
2251:
2186:
2124:
2043:
1293:
538:
530:
4938:
4822:
4774:
4736:
4638:
4616:
4346:
4290:
4252:
4180:
4162:
3875:
3745:
3738:
3683:
3669:
3461:
3392:
2065:
2032:
1705:
1276:
1233:
623:
381:
5154:
4729:
4708:
4699:
4574:
4245:
4210:
4203:
3847:
3662:
3634:
3627:
3585:
3471:
3190:
3170:
3042:
2923:
2135:
1950:
1928:
1092:
693:
689:
458:
362:
235:
4913:
4790:
4763:
4747:
4581:
4196:
4134:
3940:
3918:
3882:
3653:
3501:
3382:
1983:
325:
299:
4954:
4906:
4871:
4838:
4797:
4652:
4645:
4380:
4332:
3961:
3903:
3868:
3854:
3759:
3697:
3180:
3015:
2826:"A large carnivorous mammal from the Late Cretaceous and the North American origin of marsupials"
2806:
2747:
2707:
2668:
2605:
2325:
2220:
2073:
2054:
1939:
1333:
542:
526:
421:
397:
160:
4927:
4920:
4899:
4892:
4804:
4783:
4602:
4588:
4401:
4297:
4266:
4169:
4148:
4127:
3977:
3817:
3810:
3676:
3612:
3558:
2146:
2021:
1972:
1607:
1452:
1313:
1250:
5131:
4811:
4623:
4552:
4259:
4231:
3910:
3641:
3432:
1999:
1376:
661:
335:
5113:
4885:
4538:
4525:
4373:
4238:
4224:
3991:
3932:
3690:
3452:
3443:
3160:
3069:
2902:
2863:
2798:
2739:
2649:
2597:
2533:
2459:
2416:
2391:
2373:
2317:
2212:
2177:
1340:
1320:
1023:
685:
581:
405:
276:
2629:
4631:
4155:
4034:
3840:
3831:
3365:
3271:
2894:
2853:
2845:
2788:
2778:
2729:
2719:
2688:
2641:
2587:
2577:
2523:
2515:
2449:
2381:
2363:
2309:
2269:
2259:
2202:
2194:
1793:
1759:
777:
611:
592:
559:
505:
like and were historically identified as 1st molars, with the third premolar found in basal
498:
389:
41:
5118:
5026:
4189:
2556:
Bennett, C. Verity; Upchurch, Paul; Goin, Francisco J.; Goswami, Anjali (6 February 2018).
4454:
4413:
4043:
3970:
3773:
3422:
617:
494:
482:
668:
Metatherians arrived in South
America from North America during the latest Cretaceous or
2841:
2684:
2573:
2478:
2359:
2305:
2255:
2190:
5074:
5061:
4878:
4681:
4422:
4387:
3889:
3796:
3752:
3704:
3295:
3288:
3280:
2858:
2825:
2528:
2501:
2386:
2347:
1816:
1491:
938:
897:
880:
757:
605:
478:
2436:
van Rheede, T.; Bastiaans, T.; Boone, D.; Hedges, S.; De Jong, W.; Madsen, O. (2006).
1919:
Below is a listing of metatherians that do not fall readily into well-defined groups.
115:
5148:
4862:
4484:
4463:
4436:
4339:
4277:
4113:
4100:
3787:
3596:
3542:
3519:
3412:
3323:
3246:
3200:
2810:
2751:
2224:
1720:
1676:
1584:
1476:
1362:
1116:
808:
747:
727:
673:
572:
502:
373:
353:
308:
285:
266:
129:
73:
2609:
2346:
Williamson, Thomas E.; Brusatte, Stephen L.; Wilson, Gregory P. (17 December 2014).
2329:
5040:
4477:
4443:
4364:
4325:
4141:
4020:
3729:
3302:
3259:
3221:
2502:"New basal eutherian mammal from the Early Cretaceous Jehol biota, Liaoning, China"
2106:
2095:
2084:
1654:
1045:
764:
659:
of Egypt and Oman. The youngest
African metatherian is the possible herpetotheriid
596:
490:
413:
2898:
2410:
5020:
4715:
4311:
4217:
3925:
3896:
3605:
3551:
3491:
3345:
3309:
3231:
2010:
1832:
1776:
1631:
1417:
1202:
1133:
856:
832:
632:
550:
522:
426:
316:
256:
48:
17:
5011:
2824:
Wilson, G.P.; Ekdale, E.G.; Hoganson, J.W.; Calede, J.J.; Linden, A.V. (2016).
2692:
4831:
4722:
4470:
3947:
3766:
3711:
3481:
2881:
Ladevèze, Sandrine; Selva, Charlène; de Muizon, Christian (1 September 2020).
2348:"The origin and early evolution of metatherian mammals: the Cretaceous record"
2313:
1068:
93:
58:
2906:
2802:
2743:
2653:
2645:
2601:
2412:
Platypus: The
Extraordinary Story of How a Curious Creature Baffled the World
2377:
2368:
676:, which were major predators in South American ecosystems during most of the
489:
and the retention of decidious teeth on the lower fifth premolars, the lower
4756:
4688:
4429:
4394:
4304:
4011:
3620:
3316:
2999:
2454:
2437:
2198:
1507:
1400:
921:
705:
669:
656:
640:
534:
518:
486:
454:
450:
177:
133:
98:
2867:
2724:
2537:
2519:
2463:
2395:
2321:
2216:
5005:
4318:
3803:
3338:
3027:
2970:
1469:
791:
681:
677:
628:
588:
466:
197:
88:
83:
68:
63:
53:
2849:
2793:
2783:
2766:
2765:
Crespo, Vicente D.; Goin, Francisco J.; Pickford, Martin (3 June 2022).
2734:
2582:
2557:
2264:
2239:
4027:
2592:
2274:
600:
151:
103:
78:
2207:
3054:
2982:
2976:
2964:
506:
462:
446:
217:
207:
187:
4982:
555:
442:
517:
The relationships between the three extant divisions of mammals (
5053:
603:
before becoming extinct, with the North American herpetotheriid
580:, more severe than that suffered by contemporary eutherians and
4986:
4523:
4098:
3124:
2957:
2919:
497:
on the dentary is equal to or less than half the length of the
2915:
2500:
Hu, Yaoming; Meng, Jin; Li, Chuankui; Wang, Yuanqing (2010).
2238:
C.V. Bennett; P. Francisco; F. J. Goin; A. Goswami (2018).
643:, probably from Europe, including the possible peradectoid
509:
being lost, leaving 4 premolars in the halves of each jaw.
2708:"Taxonomy and Affinities of African Cenozoic Metatherians"
649:
from the Early Eocene of Tunisia and the herpetotheriid
639:). Metatherians first arrived in Afro-Arabia during the
2706:
Crespo, Vicente D.; Goin, Francisco J. (21 June 2021).
587:
Morphological and species diversity of metatherians in
3988:
3958:
3828:
3784:
3726:
3569:
3539:
3516:
3497:
3487:
3477:
3467:
3457:
3449:
3439:
3428:
3418:
3408:
3398:
3388:
3378:
3243:
3227:
3217:
3207:
3196:
3186:
3176:
3166:
3156:
418:
410:
402:
394:
386:
378:
370:
358:
350:
342:
331:
321:
313:
305:
295:
282:
272:
262:
251:
4995:
4937:
4861:
4852:
4821:
4773:
4746:
4698:
4671:
4662:
4536:
4453:
4412:
4363:
4276:
4179:
4111:
4010:
3987:
3957:
3827:
3783:
3725:
3652:
3595:
3568:
3538:
3515:
3363:
3270:
3242:
3137:
3080:
3053:
3026:
2997:
2415:. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
2479:"Oldest Marsupial Ancestor Found, BBC, Dec 2003"
2931:
8:
548:The earliest possible known metatherian is
4983:
4858:
4668:
4544:
4533:
4520:
4282:
4119:
4108:
4095:
3577:
3512:
3371:
3251:
3149:
3145:
3134:
3121:
3059:
3032:
3005:
2994:
2954:
2938:
2924:
2916:
539:reproductive and waste elimination systems
140:
114:
31:
5190:Extant Early Cretaceous first appearances
2857:
2792:
2782:
2733:
2723:
2591:
2581:
2527:
2453:
2385:
2367:
2287:
2285:
2273:
2263:
2206:
584:, and were slower to recover diversity.
2166:
665:from the late Early Miocene of Uganda.
533:evidence comparing traits, such as the
493:outwardly diverge from each other, the
27:Clade of marsupials and close relatives
2623:
2621:
2619:
578:Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
7:
5080:26226554-59ee-472b-84eb-87709ad0d830
2551:
2549:
2547:
2341:
2339:
525:) was long a matter of debate among
2887:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
1808:
1751:
1744:
1698:
1691:
1669:
1647:
1623:
1599:
1577:
1569:
1392:
1368:
1309:
1225:
1218:
1194:
1108:
1084:
1060:
1038:
1016:
1009:
913:
872:
848:
824:
783:
753:
743:
719:
711:
680:, up until their extinction in the
2507:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
25:
2477:Rincon, Paul (12 December 2003).
469:, which contains the placentals.
4506:
4081:
4075:
4069:
2712:Spanish Journal of Palaeontology
164:
2442:Molecular Biology and Evolution
535:number and arrangement of teeth
2767:"The last African metatherian"
609:, the European herpetotheriid
1:
2899:10.1080/14772019.2020.1772387
2140:Marshall & de Muizon 1988
2129:Marshall & de Muizon 1984
1993:Ameridelphia incertae sedis:
477:Distinctive characteristics (
2118:Marsupialia incertae sedis:
2100:(Clemens 1966) Cifelli 1990a
1955:Sánches-Villagra et al. 2007
1962:Kasserinotherium tunisiense
1929:Archaeonothos henkgodthelpi
708:from Wilson et al. (2016):
481:) of Metatheria include: a
5211:
2693:10.1016/j.crpv.2012.01.004
2409:Moyal, Ann Mozley (2004).
2147:Numbigilga ernielundeliusi
2074:Progarzonia notostylopense
2066:Pascualdelphys fierroensis
2033:Iugomortiferum thoringtoni
637:Great American interchange
4547:
4532:
4519:
4504:
4285:
4122:
4107:
4094:
4067:
3580:
3511:
3374:
3254:
3152:
3148:
3133:
3120:
3062:
3035:
3008:
2993:
2953:
2314:10.1038/s41586-018-0210-3
2136:Mizquedelphys pilpinensis
2044:Marambiotherium glacialis
1830:
1813:
1806:
1791:
1773:
1756:
1749:
1742:
1718:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1674:
1667:
1652:
1645:
1628:
1621:
1604:
1597:
1582:
1575:
1505:
1488:
1475:
1466:
1449:
1414:
1397:
1390:
1373:
1366:
1337:
1317:
1307:
1290:
1273:
1247:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1199:
1192:
1130:
1113:
1106:
1089:
1082:
1065:
1058:
1043:
1036:
1021:
1014:
1007:
935:
918:
911:
894:
877:
870:
853:
846:
829:
822:
805:
788:
781:
761:
751:
741:
724:
717:
537:and the structure of the
248:
243:
161:Scientific classification
159:
148:
139:
122:
113:
34:
5160:Early Cretaceous mammals
2369:10.3897/zookeys.465.8178
1951:Ghamidtherium dimaiensis
449:more closely related to
2199:10.1126/science.1229237
2125:Itaboraidelphys camposi
1984:Perrodelphys coquinense
704:Below is a metatherian
5195:Mammal unranked clades
5185:Prehistoric marsupials
2725:10.7203/sjp.36.2.20974
2673:Comptes Rendus Palevol
2646:10.1093/jmammal/gyz018
2520:10.1098/rspb.2009.0203
5127:Paleobiology Database
2830:Nature Communications
2455:10.1093/molbev/msj064
2011:Cocatherium lefipanum
2004:(Fox 1971) Davis 2007
1973:Palangania brandmayri
652:Peratherium africanum
566:(2018) reinterpreted
543:genetic and molecular
125:Lycopsis longirostris
5075:Fauna Europaea (new)
2634:Journal of Mammalogy
615:and the peradectids
513:Evolutionary history
457:. First proposed by
132:, a relative of the
4948:Roberthoffstetteria
4664:Bonapartheriiformes
2850:10.1038/ncomms13734
2842:2016NatCo...713734W
2784:10.3897/fr.25.80706
2685:2012CRPal..11..371F
2583:10.1017/pab.2017.34
2574:2018Pbio...44..171B
2360:2014ZooK..465....1W
2306:2018Natur.558..390B
2265:10.1017/pab.2017.34
2256:2018Pbio...44..171B
2191:2013Sci...339..662O
2055:Marmosopsis juradoi
1944:Novacek et al. 1991
694:Antarctic Peninsula
690:La Meseta Formation
599:persisted into the
551:Sinodelphys szalayi
459:Thomas Henry Huxley
5180:Quaternary mammals
5165:Cretaceous mammals
4610:Procaroloameghinia
3962:Anatoliadelphyidae
3904:Maastrichtidelphys
2022:Dakotadens morrowi
521:, marsupials, and
445:that includes all
398:Anatoliadelphyidae
5170:Paleogene mammals
5142:
5141:
5114:Open Tree of Life
4989:Taxon identifiers
4980:
4979:
4976:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4848:
4847:
4539:Polydolopimorphia
4526:Polydolopimorphia
4515:
4514:
4502:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4090:
4089:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4053:
4052:
3992:Polydolopimorphia
3862:Ectocentrocristus
3721:
3720:
3453:Gurlin Tsav skull
3359:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3332:Prodeltitheridium
3116:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3099:
2893:(17): 1463–1479.
2514:(1679): 229–236.
2422:978-0-8018-8052-0
2300:(7710): 390–395.
2185:(6120): 662–667.
2156:
2152:
2141:
2130:
2112:
2101:
2090:
2079:
2060:
2049:
2038:
2027:
2016:
2005:
2000:Apistodon exiguus
1989:
1978:
1967:
1956:
1945:
1940:Esteslestes ensis
1934:
1922:Basal Metatheria
1915:
1914:
1906:
1905:
1897:
1896:
1888:
1887:
1879:
1878:
1870:
1869:
1861:
1860:
1852:
1851:
1843:
1842:
1788:
1787:
1731:
1730:
1563:
1562:
1554:
1553:
1545:
1544:
1536:
1535:
1527:
1526:
1518:
1517:
1438:
1437:
1429:
1428:
1352:
1351:
1262:
1261:
1181:
1180:
1172:
1171:
1163:
1162:
1154:
1153:
1145:
1144:
1024:Gurlin Tsav skull
1005:Marsupialiformes
995:
994:
986:
985:
977:
976:
968:
967:
959:
958:
950:
949:
686:Polydolopimorphia
684:, as well as the
582:multituberculates
554:, which lived in
436:
435:
406:Polydolopimorphia
239:
149:A mouse opossum (
16:(Redirected from
5202:
5135:
5134:
5122:
5121:
5109:
5108:
5096:
5095:
5083:
5082:
5070:
5069:
5057:
5056:
5044:
5043:
5031:
5030:
5029:
5016:
5015:
5014:
4984:
4859:
4854:Polydolopiformes
4673:Bonapartheriidae
4669:
4545:
4534:
4521:
4510:
4354:Pseudothylacynus
4283:
4120:
4109:
4096:
4085:
4079:
4073:
4035:Paucituberculata
3990:
3960:
3841:Amphiperatherium
3832:Herpetotheriidae
3830:
3786:
3728:
3578:
3571:
3541:
3518:
3513:
3499:
3489:
3479:
3469:
3459:
3451:
3441:
3430:
3420:
3410:
3400:
3390:
3380:
3372:
3366:Marsupialiformes
3272:Deltatheridiidae
3252:
3245:
3229:
3219:
3212:Kasserinotherium
3209:
3198:
3188:
3178:
3168:
3158:
3150:
3146:
3135:
3122:
3060:
3033:
3006:
2995:
2988:
2987:
2955:
2940:
2933:
2926:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2861:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2796:
2786:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2737:
2727:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2625:
2614:
2613:
2595:
2585:
2553:
2542:
2541:
2531:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2457:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2389:
2371:
2343:
2334:
2333:
2289:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2267:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2210:
2171:
2155:Beck et al. 2008
2154:
2151:Beck et al. 2008
2150:
2139:
2128:
2110:
2099:
2088:
2077:
2059:Paula Couto 1962
2058:
2048:Goin et al. 1999
2047:
2036:
2025:
2015:Goin et al. 2006
2014:
2003:
1988:Goin et al. 1999
1987:
1977:Goin et al. 1998
1976:
1965:
1954:
1943:
1932:
1809:
1794:Herpetotheriidae
1760:Amphiperatherium
1752:
1745:
1699:
1692:
1670:
1648:
1624:
1600:
1578:
1570:
1566:Cladogram after:
1393:
1369:
1310:
1226:
1219:
1195:
1109:
1085:
1061:
1039:
1017:
1010:
914:
873:
849:
825:
784:
778:Deltatheridiidae
754:
744:
720:
712:
646:Kasserinotherium
612:Amphiperatherium
560:Early Cretaceous
420:
412:
404:
396:
390:Herpetotheriidae
388:
380:
372:
360:
352:
344:
333:
323:
315:
307:
297:
291:Marsupialiformes
284:
274:
264:
253:
234:
169:
168:
144:
118:
108:
45:
42:Early Cretaceous
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
18:Marsupialiformes
5210:
5209:
5205:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5175:Neogene mammals
5145:
5144:
5143:
5138:
5130:
5125:
5117:
5112:
5104:
5099:
5091:
5086:
5078:
5073:
5065:
5060:
5052:
5047:
5039:
5034:
5025:
5024:
5019:
5010:
5009:
5004:
4991:
4981:
4960:
4933:
4844:
4817:
4769:
4742:
4694:
4658:
4596:Hatcheritherium
4568:Caroloameghinia
4561:Bobbschaefferia
4541:
4528:
4511:
4490:
4455:Thylacosmilidae
4449:
4414:Proborhyaenidae
4408:
4359:
4272:
4175:
4116:
4103:
4086:
4049:
4044:Australidelphia
4028:Didelphimorphia
4006:
3983:
3971:Anatoliadelphys
3953:
3823:
3779:
3774:Siamoperadectes
3717:
3648:
3591:
3573:Archimetatheria
3564:
3534:
3507:
3423:Arcantiodelphys
3403:Anchistodelphys
3368:
3351:
3266:
3238:
3142:
3129:
3096:
3076:
3049:
3022:
3002:
2989:
2960:
2959:
2949:
2944:
2914:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2627:
2626:
2617:
2555:
2554:
2545:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2484:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2423:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2345:
2344:
2337:
2291:
2290:
2283:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2153:{Numbigilgidae
1918:
1916:
1907:
1898:
1889:
1880:
1871:
1862:
1853:
1844:
1789:
1732:
1564:
1555:
1546:
1537:
1528:
1519:
1439:
1430:
1353:
1294:Anchistodelphys
1263:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1155:
1146:
996:
987:
978:
969:
960:
951:
702:
655:from the Early
635:as part of the
618:Siamoperadectes
593:herpetotheriids
515:
495:angular process
483:prehensile tail
475:
441:is a mammalian
346:Archimetatheria
233:
163:
109:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5208:
5206:
5198:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5147:
5146:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5136:
5123:
5110:
5097:
5084:
5071:
5062:Fauna Europaea
5058:
5045:
5032:
5017:
5001:
4999:
4993:
4992:
4987:
4978:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4958:
4951:
4943:
4941:
4939:Sillustaniidae
4935:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4924:
4917:
4910:
4903:
4896:
4889:
4882:
4879:Antarctodolops
4875:
4867:
4865:
4856:
4850:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4842:
4835:
4827:
4825:
4823:Rosendolopidae
4819:
4818:
4816:
4815:
4808:
4801:
4794:
4787:
4779:
4777:
4775:Prepidolopidae
4771:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4760:
4752:
4750:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4737:Proargyrolagus
4733:
4726:
4719:
4712:
4704:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4692:
4685:
4682:Bonapartherium
4677:
4675:
4666:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4649:
4642:
4639:Robertbutleria
4635:
4628:
4620:
4617:Protodidelphis
4613:
4606:
4599:
4592:
4585:
4578:
4571:
4564:
4557:
4548:
4542:
4537:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4517:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4481:
4474:
4467:
4459:
4457:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4440:
4433:
4426:
4423:Arminiheringia
4418:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4398:
4391:
4388:Australohyaena
4384:
4377:
4369:
4367:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4350:
4347:Pseudolycopsis
4343:
4336:
4329:
4322:
4315:
4308:
4301:
4294:
4291:Angelocabrerus
4286:
4280:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4263:
4256:
4253:Pseudonotictis
4249:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4221:
4214:
4207:
4200:
4193:
4185:
4183:
4181:Hathliacynidae
4177:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4166:
4163:Procladosictis
4159:
4152:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4123:
4117:
4112:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4092:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4031:
4016:
4014:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4004:
4003:
4002:
3996:
3994:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3974:
3966:
3964:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3944:
3937:
3929:
3922:
3915:
3907:
3900:
3893:
3890:Herpetotherium
3886:
3879:
3876:Galatiadelphys
3872:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3836:
3834:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3797:Albertatherium
3792:
3790:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3753:Mimoperadectes
3749:
3746:Didelphidectes
3742:
3739:Armintodelphys
3734:
3732:
3723:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3708:
3705:Scalaridelphys
3701:
3694:
3687:
3684:Monodelphopsis
3680:
3673:
3670:Austropediomys
3666:
3658:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3609:
3601:
3599:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3581:
3575:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3555:
3547:
3545:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3524:
3522:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3495:
3485:
3475:
3465:
3462:Iugomortiferum
3455:
3447:
3437:
3426:
3416:
3406:
3396:
3393:Aenigmadelphys
3386:
3375:
3369:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3296:Deltatheroides
3292:
3289:Deltatheridium
3285:
3281:Atokatheridium
3276:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3255:
3249:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3225:
3215:
3205:
3194:
3184:
3174:
3164:
3153:
3143:
3138:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3086:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3063:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3036:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3009:
3003:
2998:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2958:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2935:
2928:
2920:
2913:
2912:
2873:
2816:
2777:(1): 173–186.
2757:
2698:
2679:(5): 371–377.
2659:
2640:(3): 802–837.
2615:
2568:(2): 171–198.
2543:
2492:
2469:
2448:(3): 587–597.
2428:
2421:
2401:
2335:
2281:
2250:(2): 171–198.
2230:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2142:
2131:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2102:
2080:
2069:
2061:
2050:
2039:
2028:
2017:
2006:
1991:
1990:
1979:
1968:
1957:
1946:
1935:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1817:Herpetotherium
1812:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1755:
1750:
1748:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1706:Pucadelphyidae
1702:
1697:
1695:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1673:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1651:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1627:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1603:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1585:Deltatheriidae
1581:
1576:
1574:
1568:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1492:Albertatherium
1487:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1316:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1277:Aenigmadelphys
1272:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1234:Iugomortiferum
1229:
1224:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1002:
1001:
998:
997:
993:
992:
989:
988:
984:
983:
980:
979:
975:
974:
971:
970:
966:
965:
962:
961:
957:
956:
953:
952:
948:
947:
944:
943:
939:Atokatheridium
934:
931:
930:
927:
926:
917:
912:
910:
907:
906:
903:
902:
898:Deltatheridium
893:
890:
889:
886:
885:
881:Deltatheroides
876:
871:
869:
866:
865:
862:
861:
852:
847:
845:
842:
841:
838:
837:
828:
823:
821:
818:
817:
814:
813:
804:
801:
800:
797:
796:
787:
782:
780:
774:
773:
770:
769:
760:
758:Pappotheriidae
752:
750:
742:
740:
737:
736:
733:
732:
723:
718:
716:
710:
701:
700:Classification
698:
624:Sinoperadectes
606:Herpetotherium
514:
511:
479:synapomorphies
474:
471:
434:
433:
432:
431:
430:
429:
424:
416:
408:
400:
392:
384:
382:Pucadelphyidae
376:
368:
367:
366:
356:
340:
329:
319:
311:
303:
288:
280:
270:
260:
246:
245:
241:
240:
228:
221:
220:
215:
211:
210:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
157:
156:
146:
145:
137:
136:
120:
119:
111:
110:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
46:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5207:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5133:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5115:
5111:
5107:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5063:
5059:
5055:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5037:
5033:
5028:
5022:
5018:
5013:
5007:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4990:
4985:
4957:
4956:
4952:
4950:
4949:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4940:
4936:
4930:
4929:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4904:
4902:
4901:
4897:
4895:
4894:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4876:
4874:
4873:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4864:
4863:Polydolopidae
4860:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4841:
4840:
4836:
4834:
4833:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4820:
4814:
4813:
4809:
4807:
4806:
4802:
4800:
4799:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4788:
4786:
4785:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4749:
4745:
4739:
4738:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4730:Microtragulus
4727:
4725:
4724:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4709:Anargyrolagus
4706:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4700:Argyrolagidae
4697:
4691:
4690:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4655:
4654:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4607:
4605:
4604:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4575:Carolocoutoia
4572:
4570:
4569:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4549:
4546:
4543:
4540:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4522:
4518:
4509:
4487:
4486:
4485:Thylacosmilus
4482:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4464:Anachlysictis
4461:
4460:
4458:
4456:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4437:Paraborhyaena
4434:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4404:
4403:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4362:
4356:
4355:
4351:
4349:
4348:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4340:Prothylacinus
4337:
4335:
4334:
4330:
4328:
4327:
4323:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4287:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4278:Borhyaenoidea
4275:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4246:Perathereutes
4243:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4211:Chasicostylus
4208:
4206:
4205:
4204:Borhyaenidium
4201:
4199:
4198:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4124:
4121:
4118:
4115:
4114:Sparassodonta
4110:
4106:
4102:
4101:Sparassodonta
4097:
4093:
4084:
4080:
4078:
4072:
4046:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3956:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3848:Asiadidelphis
3845:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3788:Alphadontidae
3782:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3724:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3663:Aquiladelphis
3660:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3651:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3635:Hoodootherium
3632:
3630:
3629:
3628:Fumodelphodon
3625:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3597:Stagodontidae
3594:
3588:
3587:
3586:Iqualadelphis
3583:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3543:Asiatheriidae
3537:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3520:Sparassodonta
3514:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3472:Jaskhadelphys
3466:
3464:
3463:
3456:
3454:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3413:Andinodelphys
3407:
3405:
3404:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3362:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3324:Oklatheridium
3321:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3247:Deltatheroida
3241:
3234:
3233:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3201:Holoclemensia
3195:
3193:
3192:
3191:Ghamidtherium
3185:
3183:
3182:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3171:Archaeonothos
3165:
3163:
3162:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3123:
3119:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3071:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2996:
2992:
2984:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2941:
2936:
2934:
2929:
2927:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2877:
2874:
2869:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2820:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2771:Fossil Record
2768:
2761:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2702:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2663:
2660:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2496:
2493:
2480:
2473:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2432:
2429:
2424:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2405:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2354:(465): 1–76.
2353:
2349:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2234:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2170:
2167:
2161:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2078:Ameghino 1904
2076:
2075:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2037:Cifelli 1990b
2035:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1911:
1910:
1902:
1901:
1893:
1892:
1884:
1883:
1875:
1874:
1866:
1865:
1857:
1856:
1848:
1847:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1811:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1754:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1721:Sparassodonta
1716:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1677:Stagodontidae
1672:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1626:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1602:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1559:
1558:
1550:
1549:
1541:
1540:
1532:
1531:
1523:
1522:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1477:Alphadontidae
1473:
1472:
1471:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1434:
1433:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1395:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1370:
1364:
1363:Stagodontidae
1361:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1228:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1177:
1176:
1168:
1167:
1159:
1158:
1150:
1149:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1117:Andinodelphys
1111:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1093:Jaskhadelphys
1087:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1063:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1004:
1003:
1000:
999:
991:
990:
982:
981:
973:
972:
964:
963:
955:
954:
946:
945:
942:
941:
940:
933:
932:
929:
928:
925:
924:
923:
916:
915:
909:
908:
905:
904:
901:
900:
899:
892:
891:
888:
887:
884:
883:
882:
875:
874:
868:
867:
864:
863:
860:
859:
858:
851:
850:
844:
843:
840:
839:
836:
835:
834:
827:
826:
820:
819:
816:
815:
812:
811:
810:
809:Oklatheridium
803:
802:
799:
798:
795:
794:
793:
786:
785:
779:
776:
775:
772:
771:
768:
767:
766:
759:
756:
755:
749:
748:Deltatheroida
746:
745:
739:
738:
735:
734:
731:
730:
729:
728:Holoclemensia
722:
721:
714:
713:
709:
707:
699:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
674:Sparassodonta
671:
666:
664:
663:
658:
654:
653:
648:
647:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
625:
620:
619:
614:
613:
608:
607:
602:
598:
594:
590:
585:
583:
579:
574:
573:Deltatheroida
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
552:
546:
544:
540:
536:
532:
531:morphological
528:
524:
520:
512:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
472:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
428:
425:
423:
417:
415:
409:
407:
401:
399:
393:
391:
385:
383:
377:
375:
374:Sparassodonta
369:
365:
364:
363:Iqualadelphis
357:
355:
354:Stagodontidae
349:
348:
347:
341:
338:
337:
330:
328:
327:
320:
318:
312:
310:
309:Alphadontidae
304:
302:
301:
294:
293:
292:
289:
287:
286:Deltatheroida
281:
279:
278:
271:
269:
268:
267:Holoclemensia
261:
259:
258:
250:
249:
247:
242:
237:
232:
229:
226:
223:
222:
219:
216:
213:
212:
209:
206:
203:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
167:
162:
158:
154:
153:
147:
143:
138:
135:
131:
128:, an extinct
127:
126:
121:
117:
112:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
43:
33:
30:
19:
4996:
4953:
4946:
4926:
4919:
4914:Parabderites
4912:
4905:
4898:
4891:
4884:
4877:
4870:
4837:
4830:
4810:
4803:
4796:
4791:Perrodelphys
4789:
4782:
4764:Thylacotinga
4762:
4755:
4748:Chulpasiinae
4735:
4728:
4721:
4714:
4707:
4687:
4680:
4651:
4644:
4637:
4630:
4622:
4615:
4608:
4601:
4594:
4587:
4582:Guggenheimia
4580:
4573:
4566:
4559:
4551:
4483:
4478:Patagosmilus
4476:
4469:
4462:
4444:Proborhyaena
4442:
4435:
4428:
4421:
4400:
4393:
4386:
4379:
4372:
4365:Borhyaenidae
4352:
4345:
4338:
4331:
4326:Pharsophorus
4324:
4317:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4289:
4265:
4258:
4251:
4244:
4237:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4197:Australogale
4195:
4188:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4142:Hondadelphys
4140:
4135:Argyrolestes
4133:
4126:
4074:
4042:
4033:
4026:
4021:Ameridelphia
4019:
3976:
3969:
3946:
3941:Swaindelphys
3939:
3931:
3924:
3919:Nortedelphys
3917:
3909:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3883:Golerdelphys
3881:
3874:
3867:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3730:Peradectidae
3710:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3654:Pediomyoidea
3640:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3611:
3604:
3584:
3557:
3550:
3502:Sinbadelphys
3500:
3490:
3480:
3470:
3460:
3442:
3431:
3421:
3411:
3401:
3391:
3383:Adelodelphys
3381:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3322:
3315:
3308:
3303:Gurbanodelta
3301:
3294:
3287:
3279:
3260:Pappotherium
3258:
3230:
3222:Protalphadon
3220:
3210:
3199:
3189:
3179:
3169:
3159:
3139:
3126:
3081:
2946:
2890:
2886:
2876:
2833:
2829:
2819:
2794:10362/151025
2774:
2770:
2760:
2735:11336/165007
2715:
2711:
2701:
2676:
2672:
2662:
2637:
2633:
2565:
2562:Paleobiology
2561:
2511:
2505:
2495:
2483:. Retrieved
2472:
2445:
2441:
2431:
2411:
2404:
2351:
2297:
2293:
2247:
2244:Paleobiology
2243:
2233:
2182:
2176:
2169:
2145:
2134:
2123:
2117:
2111:Johnson 1996
2105:
2094:
2089:Cifelli 1990
2085:Protalphadon
2083:
2072:
2064:
2053:
2042:
2031:
2020:
2009:
1998:
1992:
1982:
1971:
1966:Crochet 1989
1960:
1949:
1938:
1927:
1921:
1917:
1831:
1815:
1814:
1775:
1774:
1758:
1757:
1719:
1704:
1675:
1655:Peradectidae
1653:
1630:
1629:
1606:
1605:
1583:
1565:
1506:
1490:
1489:
1468:
1467:
1451:
1450:
1416:
1415:
1399:
1398:
1375:
1374:
1339:
1338:
1319:
1318:
1292:
1291:
1275:
1274:
1249:
1248:
1232:
1231:
1201:
1200:
1132:
1131:
1115:
1114:
1091:
1090:
1067:
1066:
1046:Borhyaenidae
1044:
1022:
937:
936:
920:
919:
896:
895:
879:
878:
855:
854:
831:
830:
807:
806:
790:
789:
765:Pappotherium
763:
762:
726:
725:
703:
667:
660:
650:
644:
622:
616:
610:
604:
586:
567:
563:
549:
547:
516:
476:
438:
437:
414:Peradectidae
361:
345:
334:
326:Sinbadelphys
324:
300:Adelodelphys
298:
290:
275:
265:
254:
230:
224:
150:
130:sparassodont
123:
29:
5021:Wikispecies
4955:Sillustania
4907:Kramadolops
4872:Amphidolops
4839:Rosendolops
4798:Prepidolops
4716:Argyrolagus
4653:Zeusdelphys
4646:Wamradolops
4381:Arctodictis
4333:Plesiofelis
4312:Fredszalaya
4218:Cladosictis
4012:Marsupialia
3926:Peratherium
3897:Indodelphis
3869:Entomacodon
3855:Copedelphys
3760:Nanodelphys
3698:Protolambda
3606:Didelphodon
3552:Asiatherium
3492:Pucadelphys
3346:Tsagandelta
3310:Lotheridium
3232:Sinodelphys
3181:Esteslestes
2593:11336/94590
2275:11336/94590
1833:Marsupialia
1777:Peratherium
1632:Asiatherium
1573:Metatheria
1508:Marsupialia
1418:Didelphodon
1334:Pediomyidae
1203:Asiatherium
1134:Pucadelphys
857:Lotheridium
833:Tsagandelta
715:Metatheria
633:Pleistocene
597:peradectids
568:Sinodelphys
558:during the
527:taxonomists
473:Description
427:Marsupialia
422:Pediomyidae
317:Asiadelphia
257:Sinodelphys
5155:Metatheria
5149:Categories
5041:Metatheria
5027:Metatheria
4997:Metatheria
4928:Pseudolops
4921:Polydolops
4900:Hypodolops
4893:Eurydolops
4832:Hondonadia
4805:Punadolops
4784:Incadolops
4723:Hondalagus
4603:Palangania
4589:Gashternia
4471:Eomakhaira
4402:Eutemnodus
4298:Chlorocyon
4267:Sipalocyon
4170:Stylocynus
4149:Nemolestes
4128:Allqokirus
4001:see below↓
3978:Orhaniyeia
3948:Thylacodon
3818:Turgidodon
3811:Eoalphadon
3767:Peradectes
3712:Unnuakomys
3677:Dakotadens
3613:Eobrasilia
3559:Kokopellia
3529:see below↓
3482:Mayulestes
3140:Metatheria
3127:Metatheria
3091:see below↓
3082:Metatheria
3043:Cynodontia
3028:Cynodontia
2981:Subclass:
2947:Metatheria
2481:. BBC News
2208:11336/7302
2162:References
2026:Eaton 1993
1608:Kokopellia
1453:Turgidodon
1314:Glasbiidae
1251:Kokopellia
1069:Mayulestes
545:evidence.
523:placentals
519:monotremes
465:alongside
455:placentals
451:marsupials
439:Metatheria
244:Subgroups
231:Metatheria
214:Subclass:
134:marsupials
35:Metatheria
4812:Seumandia
4757:Chulpasia
4689:Epidolops
4624:Pujatodon
4553:Apeirodon
4430:Callistoe
4395:Borhyaena
4305:Dukecynus
4260:Sallacyon
4232:Notocynus
3911:Morotodon
3642:Pariadens
3621:Eodelphis
3433:Camptomus
3317:Nanocuris
3016:Synapsida
3000:Synapsida
2963:Kingdom:
2907:1477-2019
2836:: 13734.
2811:249349445
2803:2193-0074
2752:237387495
2744:2255-0550
2654:0022-2372
2602:0094-8373
2378:1313-2970
2225:206544776
1933:Beck 2015
1401:Eodelphis
1377:Pariadens
922:Nanocuris
706:cladogram
670:Paleocene
662:Morotodon
657:Oligocene
641:Paleogene
487:premolars
336:Camptomus
184:Kingdom:
178:Eukaryota
5012:Q1096960
5006:Wikidata
4886:Eudolops
4374:Acrocyon
4319:Lycopsis
4239:Notogale
4225:Notictis
3933:Rumiodon
3804:Alphadon
3691:Pediomys
3444:Glasbius
3339:Sulestes
3161:Adinodon
3070:Mammalia
3055:Mammalia
2977:Mammalia
2971:Chordata
2969:Phylum:
2965:Animalia
2868:27929063
2610:46796692
2538:19419990
2485:16 March
2464:16291999
2396:25589872
2330:49183466
2322:29899454
2217:23393258
2096:P. lulli
1470:Alphadon
1341:Pediomys
1321:Glasbius
792:Sulestes
682:Pliocene
678:Cenozoic
629:Pliocene
589:Laurasia
507:therians
467:Eutheria
453:than to
277:Adinodon
208:Mammalia
198:Chordata
194:Phylum:
188:Animalia
174:Domain:
44:–recent
5054:2844108
2975:Class:
2859:5155139
2838:Bibcode
2681:Bibcode
2570:Bibcode
2529:2842663
2387:4284630
2356:Bibcode
2352:ZooKeys
2302:Bibcode
2252:Bibcode
2187:Bibcode
2178:Science
2107:P. foxi
692:of the
601:Miocene
529:. Most
491:canines
447:mammals
204:Class:
152:Marmosa
5093:179917
4632:Reigia
4156:Patene
2983:Theria
2905:
2866:
2856:
2809:
2801:
2750:
2742:
2652:
2608:
2600:
2536:
2526:
2462:
2419:
2394:
2384:
2376:
2328:
2320:
2294:Nature
2223:
2215:
564:et al.
463:Theria
238:, 1880
236:Huxley
218:Theria
5132:39936
5119:16033
5067:12614
4190:Acyon
2807:S2CID
2748:S2CID
2718:(2).
2606:S2CID
2326:S2CID
2221:S2CID
556:China
503:molar
499:ramus
443:clade
225:Clade
5106:9263
5101:NCBI
5088:ITIS
3068:see
3041:see
3014:see
2903:ISSN
2864:PMID
2799:ISSN
2740:ISSN
2650:ISSN
2598:ISSN
2534:PMID
2487:2010
2460:PMID
2417:ISBN
2392:PMID
2374:ISSN
2318:PMID
2213:PMID
621:and
595:and
49:PreꞒ
5049:EoL
5036:ADW
2895:doi
2854:PMC
2846:doi
2789:hdl
2779:doi
2730:hdl
2720:doi
2689:doi
2642:doi
2638:100
2588:hdl
2578:doi
2524:PMC
2516:doi
2512:277
2450:doi
2382:PMC
2364:doi
2310:doi
2298:558
2270:hdl
2260:doi
2203:hdl
2195:doi
2183:339
5151::
5129::
5116::
5103::
5090::
5077::
5064::
5051::
5038::
5023::
5008::
2901:.
2891:18
2889:.
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2862:.
2852:.
2844:.
2832:.
2828:.
2805:.
2797:.
2787:.
2775:25
2773:.
2769:.
2746:.
2738:.
2728:.
2716:36
2714:.
2710:.
2687:.
2677:11
2675:.
2671:.
2648:.
2636:.
2632:.
2618:^
2604:.
2596:.
2586:.
2576:.
2566:44
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2560:.
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2532:.
2522:.
2510:.
2504:.
2458:.
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2444:.
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2390:.
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2362:.
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2338:^
2324:.
2316:.
2308:.
2296:.
2284:^
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2246:.
2242:.
2219:.
2211:.
2201:.
2193:.
2181:.
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227::
155:)
99:Pg
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2925:v
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2870:.
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2840::
2834:7
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2791::
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2754:.
2732::
2722::
2695:.
2691::
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2612:.
2590::
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2572::
2540:.
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2425:.
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2008:†
1997:†
1981:†
1970:†
1959:†
1948:†
1937:†
1926:†
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411:†
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387:†
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332:†
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104:N
94:K
89:J
84:T
79:P
74:C
69:D
64:S
59:O
54:Ꞓ
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