Martone - Knowledge (XXG)

1019:

remained stationary for lack of wind. The animals, restless, were running from place to place. Suddenly we heard a confused noise in the air; then, came a strong wind, and the earth began to tremble; at first, it produced light shakes, then a very violent one. The houses were torn from their foundations, and stones and bricks were catapulted into enormous distances. Another most potent wave uprooted secular trees which splintered and shuttered as they fell. Deep crevices opened up in which men and things were swallowed. Several chasms opened and quickly closed, like monstrous jaws, that later on, when digging, persons and houses were found almost bonded into terrifying mush. The sea also precipitated onto the shore with furious waves, overthrowing hundreds of people that had gathered there to seek safety".

1074:

abduct some young girls from Martone. The people were not indifferent to such a deed and responded with weapons. But the Sicilian adventurer, having distinguished himself for valour and courage in the ranks of General Lamarmora's army, found the opportune moment to ask for the general's help and demanded the total destruction of Martone. All was to take place as planned, but on the dawn of 30 August the decree was revoked and the town was saved. The inhabitants of Martone, pious and devoted, attributed their freedom from that nightmare to the divine intercession of Saint George. Up to today 30 August is regarded as the day of the miracle.

2342: 1043:, Bourbon rule was re-established. They maintained, in general lines, the stable administrative structure of the Drench, and Gerace was confirmed as the capital of the district. The profound civil and social transformation of the brief innovative French period had prepared an atmosphere not altogether ready to accept the Bourbons' absolutism, from which was to follow the beginning of the 1847 insurrection, which in the District of Gerace had a quick and unfortunate conclusion in the execution of the Five Martyrs in the Piana di Gerace who had fought for liberty. For as much as Vittorio Visalli writes in 1382:

Angelo Theotino in October 1608. At his death, January 1619, the church passed on to Francesco Mercurio (Russo, o.c., n. 28135). On 23 February 1730, the reverend medical doctor Francesco Catanaci, a local, was authorised to erect and endow the a chapel to the church dedicated to S. Maria del Monte Carmelo, S. Francesco di Paulo, and S.Caterina of Alessandra V.M., though retaining the patronage of the Casata Catanaci family. The first in charge was D. Giuseppe Panetta, parish priest from 1699 who died in 1737, and who was succeeded by priest D. Antonio Panetta from Grotteria on 28 February 1737.

417: 772:"These monasteries were not only intended to preserve the relicts of antiquity, as in Vico's expressions, but also a school of agriculture and trades, reforesting, land-reclaiming, cultivating, ploughing, sowing, intensifying the cultivation of olive trees, of vines and of chestnuts, building aqueducts and mills, opening the way to the first artisan activities and representing, therefore, the heralds of the protection of the rural population, in a calamitous and decentralized age which was the Byzantine". 1168:

accommodate the faithful; in it, we can see some frescos which express, with a variety of colours, the technique and the style of the Church-Rocca of Göreme, particularly in the figures followed by symbolic decorations in red. One of my detailed reconstructing surveys allows to realize its originating architectonic structure, whose stereo-metric elements are typical of the architecture developed in Anatolia-Cappadocia and in the Christian Orient of Mesopotamia, Syria, Iraq, Sudan and along the Nile."

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subsequently the Lucà family. It seems that during the summer periods the palace gave hospitality to the bishops of the Locri–Gerace dioceses, who preferred the more temperate climate of Martone to that of the seaside enclaves. In the past it must have belonged to the domain of Cerchietto as well as the region of Licone or Torre or Cavalleria di S. Giovanni di Gerace, then was the property of the episcopal

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were to take place in 1905 and 1908, destroying the majority of the township including the church of the Assumption which was rebuilt on the same site in 1932. The same year, a revolt by the people against the government took place due to high taxation. During this insurrection, many casualties were recorded and a number of citizens were unjustly arrested and prosecuted.

1049:('Fight and martyrdom of the Calabrese people') – Ruffo and Pier Domenico Mazzone, two of the Five Martyrs of Gerace, in their flight in order to avoid being caught, sought refuge in the territory of Martone, in one of Mazzone's properties, but soon departed as they realized that both the local and S. Giovanni's di Gerace's Civic Guards were searching for them. 457: 424: 280: 233: 70: 1218:

ducats for whoever found them dead. Several days later, however, the Civic Guard of General Nunziante was able to capture them and they were executed on 2 October 1847 in the Plane of Gerace together with the other leaders of the revolt: Michele Bello of Siderno, Domenico Salvadori of Caraffa del Bianco and Rocco Verducci of Bianco.

1245:(cylindrical elements of clay). The attic is made of wooden beams (chestnut and oak) on which is laid a flooring of the same woods. The palace today is in a state of neglect; therefore, a project has been approved for its restoration, the construction of other structures and the utilization of the surrounding area. 751:, Syria, Palestine, Libya, Egypt, and Greece proper, chased by Syrian persecution, to find refuge in Sicily and Calabria. For the monks the locality must have been the ideal ambience, being an isolated place far from worldly passions, suitable for the ascetic life of prayer, study, meditation and work. 1328:

The ancient writings speak of the edifice as a monastery, but it appears to be confirmed that it was only a church with an annexe. On another hand, the Canon A. Oppedisano, (Chronohistory, page 372) writes: "Monastery of S Maria di Bucita, it was situated on the high part of the town (Martone). Today

1154:

The most severe destruction by the Saracens in the Locride area took place between 952 when under the walls of Gerace a bloody battle was fought between the Byzantine troops commanded by Milacron, and the Saracen ones led by Abu-l-Kasem, who renounced its occupation, and 986, the year in which Gerace

1082:

Calabria was in a state of neglect because after the annexation of the Kingdom of Sardinia, the few existing industries were all transferred to the north. It was lacking in roads, aqueducts and a sewer network and taxes were very high. Hard times had not ended for Martone because two more earthquakes

999:

From 1767 onwards, in Martone, jurisdiction of Grotteria, the following Lord-Mayors had taken office: Francesco Parlà, Giuseppe Antonio Belcastro, Saverio Infusini, Giuseppe Antonio Fuda, Giuseppe Sorbara, Giacomo Calvi and Felice Oppedisano (Sectione Archivio di Stato di Locri.Fondo notarile, notaio

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with the title of First Marquis. The usurpation perpetrated by the Caracciolo to the detriment of the Episcopal Curia provoked the intervention of the royal authority, which stopped many abuses of power and fighting. The Marquis Caracciolo accused of: 'offender of the person of the King', by order of

1381:

In the beginning, it was self-managed, then governed until 19 March 1540 by Antonio Sirleto with the qualification of the parish priest (Russo, Regesto n. 18210). Also D. Nicola Augurace, in a bull from 30 August 1583, is called rector of the parish church of the area of Martone, followed by D.

1314:

The veneration of the Madonna is of Greek origin and was perhaps introduced to Italy by monks who took refuge at the time of the iconoclastic wars. The first church dedicated to her was situated in the lower part of the town in the suburb Fontana Vecchia, not far from the Basìa or Batìa, a low area,

1276:

On the ground floor was a large room where the horses were kept during the night, with adjacent stables. On the ground floor was a cellar with storage for oil, which was kept in four large terracotta jars. In fear that one of the jars could crack and the oil be lost, they cemented another very large

1096:

with an uncertain style of writing and interpretation. At the same site, several skeletons were also found, one of about 1.9 metres (6.2 ft) in height, laying at random in tombs which were rudimentarily covered with large terracotta tiles, very much like the ones uncovered at the excavations in

938:

Being part of the territory of Grotteria, it followed its feudal events, passing from a possession of the Correale family (1458–1501) to the Carafas (1501–1558) and, then, to the Loffresos (1558–1573, to the Ruffos (1573–1576) to Elias (1576–1577) to the Aragonas (1577–1631) and again to the Carafas

897:

According to certain testimonies, the history of Martone was related in a 12-volume opus, unfortunately lost in the transfer from the old to the new municipal building. Not even the author is remembered. Parlà and Cutrone must have written something about Martone but their manuscripts have also been

813:

from Bucito (Cod. Vat. Lat. 10606, page 14, with Latin translation on page 15 and page 17; in an act from 1139 and in a document of sale by Teodata, daughter of Giovanni Konges and of his family (originating from the region of Bucita) to the monastery of S. Michele and Nicodemo del Kellerana, dated

1462:

Above the edifice rises the bell tower with its pointed arched windows. The inside consists of three naves divided by pylons. The main altar is of inlaid polychrome marble. Behind the altar is a monumental pavilion to the patron saint, the work of Raffaele Pata, in which is kept the wooden statuary

1447:

The Church of Saint George the Martyr has been situated in the lower part of the town since 1500. It appears it was assigned to the Canon Simone Gentile. The same year it was entrusted to don Giovannello Pittari, rector of the parish church of S. Giovanni of Gerace, who died on 9 September 1582. On

1385:

After the earthquake of 5 February 1783, the residential centre started to move towards the high area, where the new parochial church dedicated to the Assumption was erected through the donations of the parishioners; later on, it was damaged by the 1905 and 1908 earthquakes. In 1923 it was restored

1238:

The palace consists of three buildings built in different periods; the construction plan is in the form of an "L" in two stories. The ground floor of the southeast zone embodied a colonnade that was used as a summer lounge and had another room annexed. The central zone was employed as a depository,

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Even now, around the palace can be noted the remains of a large garden with a circular pool and palm trees. It is not known when the edifice was built, but it is said to date back to the 18th century, conjectured from the style of the principal façade and architectonic elements that characterize it

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area, was part of Greek monasticism; it is known for certain that "the monks were living solitarily in grottos or in convents bound by the oath of chastity in the communal bond of prayer and work. The emaciated Christ which the Byzantine iconography was perpetuating for centuries, the suave darkish

1217:

Two of the five martyrs of Gerace, Pietro Mazzone of Roccella Jonica and Gaetano Ruffo of Bovalino, during the revolutionary upsurge of 1847 found refuge in a property of Mazzone to avoid Spanish troops. There was a bounty placed on them of 1,000 ducats each for whoever captured them alive and 300

945:

An exponent of this family, namely Don Carlo Maria Carafa, gave some laws to his lands; one was prompted by "an iniquity" committed very often in Martone, where trees were being cut and burnt. For this crime, innocent persons were prosecuted. To prevent such an occurrence, Don Antonio ordered that

1333:

writes: "Monastery of S.Maria di Bucita, near Martone. Founded in Byzantine times. On 19 October 1106 it was entrusted to the Tempio della Deipara e sempre Vergine Maria". There is also a mention of the monastery by Salvatore Gemelli: "Monastero di S. Maria di Bucita. Described as very old in the

1263:

cultivation. The villa had two stories and the access was a stone-paved driveway about 100 metres (330 ft) long, flanked by evergreen trees and bushes interspersed by grey columns, with an oil lantern hanging from each tree. The lanterns were lit at sunset and extinguished a few hours later.

1226:

The bishop's palace, built in a vast olive plantation, is situated to the north of the shire at 200 metres (660 ft) above sea level in a position dominating the valley of the Levadio stream with views of the residences in Martone and S. Giovanni di Gerace. It was owned by the baron Macri and

1186:

Almost certainly, Martone, together with the neighbouring S. Giovanni di Gerace, was part of a highly defensive system of watchtowers. Still today, in the suburb of Solleria (Sujeria) the remains of a tower which may be dated to the 16th century still stand. During the kingdom of the Bourbons, an

831:

In the bios of San Nicodemo, Codex Messanensis XXX, folio 247 r-v, it states: "There is, therefore, in the area of Bucito a temple dedicated to the Mather of God, very famous, and the site is very suitable for us." The day the monks arrived, however, they were met with great confusion because the

1140:

The church of S. Anania is situated in the locality of Gullune or Gujune, a short distance from the bed of the Livadio stream, in the hollow of a huge rock of slalattic origin, also called "Grotto of the Saracens", where the remains of the Basilian monastic oratorio of St Anania can be observed,

1262:

In the Pilligori locality, one can still visit what used to be the villa belonging to the baron Ilario Asciutti of High Caulonia. He resided with his family there in the summer, whilst in the winter months, he would only visit occasionally to supervise the work of his dependents engaged in land

1073:

Every year on 30 August it is customary to celebrate in honour of Saint George a feast of thanksgiving for having miraculously averted the incumbent danger of General Lamarmora's artillery. On 1 July 1860, a gang of young men from Gioiosa led by a Sicilian attempted in the heart of the night to

1018:

The residential centre located in the low zone (Basia) which was completely destroyed was relocated to the high zone on the hill where it still exists. A Calabrese writer of that time described the violent earthquake, stating: "Around midday, a dense fog enveloped the entire region; the clouds

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which is now in the church of Maria SS. Assunta. It consists of a metallic tablet with a handle depicting Christ Resurrected and the Virgin Mary, and was offered to the newly wedded to be kissed at the end of the nuptial ceremony. This is a very ancient Byzantine rite still in use today in the

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writes, "Chiesa-Grotta sul fiume Livadio, that laps Martone, a town on the rising slopes above the Chiesa-Grotto, was used as a refuge by the first local Christians escaping the Roman centuries. Later on, around 600–700, at the entrance of the grotto an external structure was added, to better

1091:

In the late 20th century the territory of Martone revealed a number of geological and archaeological findings. In 1954, during excavation for roads connecting to Croceferrata, an ancient necropolis was brought to light in the area called La Vigna. It has not yet been sufficiently studied, but

1324:

The first nucleus of Màrtone's residential centre must have developed around that church and the monastic Basilian community originally called Bùcita, Bucito or S. Maria di Bùcita ('of the Buceti', meaning the inhabitants of Vùcita). The dedicated name was "of the Assumption", so, it must be

918:, became a feudal domain of various families. The first known family is the Spanish Aragona de Ajerbis, in whose possession it remained from 1431 to 1450. At that time, Martone was one of the four "castles of the Baronage of Grotteria" together with S. Giovanni, Mammola and Gioiosa. 1210:, 'Old Tower'); the other, closer, was Torre Galea or Cavalleria. Torre Elisabetta, instead, appears to have risen on the road leading to Gioiosa Ionica in the suburb of the same name, whilst, higher on the rock the castle which formed part of the defensive system dominates imposingly. 1108:, which have become part of the corpus of Byzantine inscriptions from South Italy and Sicily. The three inscriptions have not yet been interpreted, although it is agreed that their significance is entirely of a religious nature (considering the signs and the site where they were found. 1362:

Casertam et Terracinem, episcopis ac Vicario generali Episcopi Hieracen. Bernardino Brazano, cleric Napoletano. Familiari suo, providetur de una in S. Johannis de Castro Martone, et alia in S. Johannis de Pidoga {?} et reliquia in S. De Cofrano {?} ecclesiis Hieracem Archiep.i

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whilst the northeast zone was used as premises for the pressing of olives with a mill powered by animals. On the first level were the bed chambers. The walls were made of stone and mortar and plastered with sand and lime; in some portions, they show the use of bricks and of

1454:

Today the access to the church is via two doors, a main door and a secondary door. The main door is in wood with sculptured panels. The central ones depict on the left Saint George mounted on a horse and on the right a heraldic coat-of-arms. The entrance door is flanked by

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face of the Mother of God in the icons and frescos and the vast series of Saints, did make their solitude quite serene, did alleviate the heavy toils, and were reawakening the sign of the Orient in the peace of the ascetic dwellings and in the squalor of the grottos".

905:

invasions in Calabria. Fiore, on page 174 of his Calabria illustrate, calls it a "'very ancient village' together with S. Giovanni" (Enzo Dilena, 'Martone', in his "Storia e cultura della Locride" "History and culture of the Locride land", Messina, 1964, pp 519–520).

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30 August the following year, the church of Saint George, seat of the confraternity (accommodated in the ’Chapel of the Purgatory souls’), then abolished, was entrusted to don Nicola Augurace, rector of the parish church of the circumscription of Martone.

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origin was at first named S. Maria di Bùcita (Vùcita or Bucìto), as Ottaviano Pasqua (1574–1591) writes in the life of Nicola II, bishop of Gerace from 1219 to 1229, who claimed the rights of the Mensa vescovile on the Cerchietto's property,

1150:

In certain circumstances, the grotto of S. Anania is called "Grotto of the Saracens" in consideration that the Basilian monastic complex was plundered by Saracen raids on the Ionic foreshores of Calabria between the 7th and 10th centuries.

969:, and a slab of local granite was placed at the entrance of the town as a border marker. It has the date inscribed and the borders mapped, which no longer apply due to the continuous expansion of the residential area towards Goiosa Jonica. 769:, Martone and St. Giovanni di Gerace, there existed "small monastic churches, which though not competing in historic artefacts with those of Stilo and of the Paterion di Rossano, nevertheless they still preserve traces of Byzantine art". 1014:

The disastrous earthquake of 5 February 1783, which lasted about a quarter of an hour, destroyed the majority of Calabrian villages and caused around 30,000 casualties, produced quite a significant amount of damage in Martone as well.

843:. Furthermore, in the locality of Gujune the remains of the Basilian monastery of S. Anania are still visible, which have a cell isolated from the rest of the grotto by a wall that most certainly was used as a dormitory for the monks. 1302:

The house did not have a water supply, and the laundry, washed with water and ashes, had to be rinsed in the nearby Livadio stream because the baroness, for hygienic reasons, did not wish to make use of the public laundries.

780:

Many scholars identify Martone with the village of Santa Maria di Bucito, of which there are traces in numerous documents beginning in the 12th century. Santa Maria del Bucito is recorded in a notary act of 19 October 1106

1405:

Of interest are the "Madonna del Carmine" (with saints), two paintings from the 600s from the church of the Carmine, and San Giuseppe, a wooden statue sculptured in full size from a southern workshop of the XVII century.

1000:(notary) Tommasa Vumbaca di Grotteria, envelope 269, vol. 3010, year 1770). The relative document is inscribed, in appendix, in the vol. of D. Romeo, Il Comune Feudale in Calabria, AGE, Ardore M., 2002, pp. 152–153. 832:

local inhabitants were celebrating the feast of the Ascension of Saint Mary. Deluded by their aspirations for peace and serenity, the humble hermits went back to Kellerano. The Codex Messanensis XXX was drawn up in 1308.

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L'enigma delle arti "asittite" nella Calabria ultramediterranea : la storia ricostruita del muto racconto delle opere archeologiche d'arte e d'architettura dalla protostoria al paleocristianesimo in 600 disegni

1213:

From the tower, it was possible to communicate with the one in S. Giovanni di Gerace, situated in the locality of Torre or Licone, and with the Grotteria castle which closed the system of watching and transmissions.

866:(1622–1683) defined Martone as a very ancient town in his treaty on "Grotteria with two thousand inhabitants, with jurisdiction of two very ancient villages, Martoni and S. Giovanni". In his contribution, the Abbot 2366: 935:" (Quinternione V, folio 173) so that Martone was administered on behalf of the Royal House, first by Marino Correale, and subsequently by his brother Raimondo, nobles of Sorrento, with the title of Governor. 949:

During this period Martone underwent three severe earthquakes: one in 1659, another in 1663 in which the chapel of SS. Salvatore was destroyed, and one more in 1668 which destroyed the Church of San Nicola.

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vat underneath the flooring, still in place today, which is connected to the four above by means of a small drainage channel. Other rooms were used for wood storage and the breeding of domestic animals.

1821: 787:), in which Leonzio, bishop of Gerace, gave away the monastery of the Santissima Madre di Dio di Bucito and the revenues of S. Anania "due to the Santissima Chiesa cattolica Locrese", " 942:

In 1501 Martone passed, together with Grotteria of which it was part, to the Neapolitan family Carafa, a branch of the Caracciolos, and in 1503 obtained the Principality of Roccella.

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between Augustus and Sextus Pompeus. Others yet say that Martone takes its name from an ancient family from Normandy, which landed in Calabria in the retinue of Robert the Guiscard.

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King Alfonso himself was deposed and imprisoned in 1445. After a long trial, in 1457 he was condemned to death. He was able, nevertheless, to escape and find refuge in Rome.

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and opened to the cult through the interest taken by the head priest Oliva. It consists of three naves divided by pylons. The central nave culminates with the semi-circular

901:

The origin of Martone is lost in the darkness of time, but, in the same way as the adjacent centres, Martone also must have undergone notable development at the time of the

996:

in 1799, Martone was a municipality in the canton of Roccella. The Bourbons enacted the law on 1 May 1816 by which it was transferred into the domain of Giosa Jonica.

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The inscriptions on the tombs have been set down by Mons. Vincenzo Nadile in his essay "S. Maria di Bucito", Chiar.lle C.le, 1973, and interpreted by prof. Mosino: 1)

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and the left to Saint James, the ancient protector of the town. The change happened before 1683, according to the writings of P. Giovanni Fiore da Cropani, who in

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dated 2 August 1806, the feudal system was abolished, after which the territory was subdivided into 13 provinces, and each one into districts and municipalities.

1194:. On the ground floor, on the left side of the access door, the evidence of the 'barrel-volt' ceiling that must have covered the inside rooms can still be seen. 880:

Nevertheless, there is disagreement as to the meaning of the name: some say it descends from a Greek family named Martis; others, instead, think it derives from

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is held. The church is enriched with holy statues derived from the now-destroyed churches of Carmine and San Nicola and from the little church of S. Giuseppe.

989:. Under them, there was a half-century of peace. This period was not altogether tranquil, however, because of both internal fighting and natural disasters. 1190:

The construction is a quadrangular tower dominating the beneath extending Vallata del Torbido, of which remains the ruins of the basement containing four

747:

The founders were Greek monks from the Byzantine Orient who made a deep impression on the social-economic fabric of the region. The monks travelled from

1204:

In the past, the Valle del Torbido had a system of defensive watchtowers. The first was erected in the vicinity of the train station of Gioiosa Ionica (

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1106 by the Bishop Leonzio from Gerace, near Martone". Furthermore, Mons. Vincenzo Nadile has dedicated an erudite and precise monograph to the topic (

250: 242: 1510: 1061:'s troupes which were welcomed with jubilation in the whole of the South of the Peninsula. The pro-Bourbons were trembling with fear displaying the 1412:

In the central nave, the pulpit protrudes in baroque style, supported by a shelf in the form of a shell. The ceiling is decorated to caissons with

1104:

emerged that can be dated to around the year 1000. Three items on small tablets of soft stone and redingote were discovered: three Greek-Byzantine

1286:) were the bedrooms, the kitchen and dining room, and the living room in which the baron would receive his peasants and friends and hold parties. 877:

thus writes: "Martone, one the lands of the Area (of Grotteria) called in the past S. Maria di Bucita; the other is named S. Giovanni."

2361: 802:"In that year the Church became aggregated to Santa Maria dei Buceti and entrusted to the Carthusian monks of Serra San Bruno". (Barillaro). 1840: 932:

cum Terris and Casalibus infrascriptis Moctǽ Jojosǽ,Mammulǽ, Sancti Johannis a Giraci, Salvi, Sideroni, Oiccoloni, Martoni, et Baptipedoni…

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before being able to request compensation for the damages, it was necessary to bring a certain number of witnesses in front of the judge.

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the guard corps and the horses. On the higher level, it was divided horizontally by wooden scaffolding interconnected by wooden ladders.

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On the side of the building were two columns, one of which is still in place. On the northeast side of the villa is a large area with a

1409:

A 7th-century canvas painted in oil depicting Saint Mary of the Assumption, the work of a southern painter, completes the apse.

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Another finding which could confirm the presence of Greek monks in the proximity of Martone is, perhaps, a small church dedicated to

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and the water spring, from which water was drawn for all necessities until the water from Crini eventually reached all the houses.

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group of Saint George with the queen and the dragon. In the lateral naves are two altars: the right altar is dedicated to Saint

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located above the main entrance. The ceiling is finished with two lateral paintings depicting Saint George the Martyr and the

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decorations. Behind the altar, a tall column of pink marble sustains the precious tabernacle of chiselled silver in which the

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would entertain his guests. The walls and ceiling were decorated with frescos depicting romantic scenes. A wooden staircase (

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obviously cut-pasted essay, has potentially valuable references and content but needs to be rewritten and properly rendered.

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On 1 January 1458, King Alfonso I invested his Councilor Marino Correale as Master of Arms for the Baronage of Grotteria, "

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In the inside of the large grotto, the monks had found other spaces and a small cell that was likely used as a dormitory.

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Between these two dates, the monasteries of S.Maria di Bucita and the nearby monastery of S. Anania were also destroyed.

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Traces of the cult of Saint Mary of the Assumption have been recorded in numerous documents since the 12th century.

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of Austria who remained until 1738. During this period, internal fighting continued, causing unrest in the country.

167: 2256: 1009: 717: 890:), the God of war in Roman mythology. If so, Martone could have been originally a soldier's encampment during the 141: 1799: 2071: 856: 174: 148: 94: 42: 2241: 2321: 2226: 1254:('Rural society museum') with the aim of maintaining local traditions which have disappeared in some areas. 978: 387: 914:

Already in the 1400s, Martone, although continuing to belong administratively to Grotteria and part of the

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quod circum locos, quibus a S. Johannis oppido, et S. Maria di Bucita, Martonem hodie vacant, continetur

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27 October 1181 in which appears a certain Ruggero, son of Giovanni Oto, lecturer and notary in Buceto.

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that states a Knowledge (XXG) editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.

1299:) connected this floor with the attic where there was an oven and where seasonal fruit was preserved. 754:

It is likely that the area has been inhabited since prehistoric times when cave-dwellers lived there.

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and Italian-styled-beards. Many citizens of Martone formed part of Giuseppe Garibaldi's army.

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optic telegraph was installed, intended for conventional signals to be sent across long distances.

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mentioned in the act of Leonzio, bishop of Gerace, of 19 October 1106, written in n. LXXI of the

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The name Bucito is recorded, also, in a document from 1119 signed by Nicola, son of Leone,

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In 1783 the church was destroyed by an earthquake, but three years later it was rebuilt.

2201: 2196: 2041: 1901: 1856: 966: 836: 818: 1155:– after being conquered and destroyed in 982 – was again captured and put to the sac. 1100:

In the suburbia area of San Nicola on 5 and 6 April 1973, during road construction, a

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The tower was made of stone consisting of one only square-shaped room, in which were

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From 1707, after Spanish rule ended, the South of Italy passed under the rule of the

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Oriental churches that could very well have come to Martone through the Greek monks.

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rite, suppressed on 29 March 1480 by the Bishop of Gerace, Anastasio Chalchèolulos.

2231: 1981: 1456: 1424:. The paintings and the restoration are the works of the painter Carrado Armocida. 1421: 1266:

In front of the edifice was a large clearing with three stone benches and seesaws.

965:

In 1723 a territorial boundary was drawn between the municipalities of Martone and

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All demographics and other statistics from the Italian statistical institute (

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providing shade on hot sunny days. A set of semicircular stairs led inside.

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by painter Corrado Armocida. The main altar, in precious marble, features

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Dat. Rome, apud Sanctum Petrum, an. MCXXV, VII, Kl. Ianuary, an.III

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Also in the Grotto Territory, which included the municipalities of

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Among the treasures of the church must be listed a large silver

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The possibility of other interpretations has not been excluded.

1069:

30 August 1860: Thanksgiving festivity in honour of Saint George

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originating from a 17th-century Dominican convent and a silver

1120:

M(eter) X(ristou) I(ésous) X(ristòs) Kù(rios) Th(eòs)

1428: 744:. Its origins date back to between the 7th and 8th centuries. 273: 226: 124: 63: 22: 1316: 1248:

When work is completed the complex should be used to house a

1164:

L'enigma delle arti asittite nella Calabria ultramediterranea

1124: 1118: 1112: 782: 1583:(in Italian). S.Giovanni di Gerace: Ed. Nossis. p. 23. 1355:

of 26 December 1525 (Russo, Regesto n. 16553), the spelling

1027:

At the beginning of the French occupation, with an edict by

796:

gloriosissime dominǽ nostre Deiparǽ et semper virginis Mariǽ

703: 1650:(in Italian). Chiaravalle Centrale: Frama Sud. p. 40. 1307:

Church matrix and the cult of the Madonna of the Assumption

1147:, of the Trinchera, Naples, 1865, parchment n.12, page 91. 291:

personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay

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Municipalities of the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria

992:

In the administrative ordinance set up at the time of the

846:

Proof of the presence of Greek monks in Martone is the

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Nearby is the Pietra di S. Anania, a gigantic mass of

1706:(in Italian). Reggio Calabria: Iiriti. p. 279. 1329:

some remains can be seen". And E. D'Agostino in his

1531:] (in Italian). Venice: F. Ongania. p. 9. 697: 689: 673: 663: 653: 632: 615: 601: 593: 585: 580: 572: 567: 551: 538: 526: 516: 357: 155:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1258:Country residential structure: Villa of the Baron 1123:('mother of Christ, Jesus Christ, Lord God'); 3) 1754:(in Italian). Vol. XXIV, 197. p. 143. 1673:(in Italian). Vol. I. Naples. p. 174. 1604:Syllabus grǽcarum membranarum, parchment No. 12 1416:and frames in white and gold, the same as the 721: 1815: 1294: 1281: 1249: 1240: 1205: 1162: 1136:Church of S. Anania or Grotto of the Saracens 1057:The Bourbons' rule ended with the arrival of 1044: 552: 366: 8: 839:where excavations have revealed a Byzantine 1373: 1367: 1360: 1142: 930: 881: 847: 823: 794: 788: 57:Learn how and when to remove these messages 1822: 1808: 1800: 1616:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1564:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1491:. Italian National Institute of Statistics 354: 1784:(in Italian). Vol. II. p. 4455. 1633:Sait-Nicodème de Kellerana 1023/1024–1232 1344:It was a high priest church in the Greek 939:until the abolition of feudalism. 338:Learn how and when to remove this message 320:Learn how and when to remove this message 215:Learn how and when to remove this message 113:Learn how and when to remove this message 1688:(in Italian). Vol. VI. p. 187. 1339:. Chiaravalle Centrale: Frama Sud. 1973. 1737:The Sanctuary of Maria SS. Delle Grazie 1480: 1235:such as doors, windows, and balconies. 696: 672: 652: 614: 600: 579: 566: 550: 515: 480: 408: 381: 376: 1609: 1557: 1087:Geological and archaeological remains 1046:Lotta e Martirio del popolo Calabrese 973:Period under the Bourbons (1738–1806) 688: 662: 631: 592: 584: 571: 537: 525: 399: 7: 1841:Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria 1752:Buletttino Badia Greca Grottaferrata 1331:Buletttino Badia Greca Grottaferrata 954:The Habsburgs of Austria (1707–1738) 910:Aragon domination period (1442–1503) 828:" (Rossi, Sinodo, page 258). 255:move details into the article's body 153:adding citations to reliable sources 1325:identified with the church matrix. 1390:painted with large figures of the 1289:On these occasions, a modern horn- 1126:Th(eòs) K(aì) U(ios) Th(eou) 1039:In 1815 following the downfall of 14: 1321:in Greek means 'spring, source'. 994:Partenopean (Neapolitan) Republic 921:From 1450 to 1458 it belonged to 38:This article has multiple issues. 2340: 1796:Mural at the entrance to Martone 1222:The Episcopate (Bishop's Palace) 455: 448: 422: 415: 386: 278: 231: 129: 68: 27: 1635:. Vatican City. pp. 25–38. 1554:(in Italian). Rome. p. 34. 1435:from the 5th century worked in 1053:End of Bourbon rule (1860–1861) 456: 423: 140:needs additional citations for 46:or discuss these issues on the 1: 1602:Trinchera, Francesco (1865). 1375:Grata familiaritatis obsequia 1357:S. Johannis de Castro Martone 1251:Museo della civiltà contadina 1144:Syllabus grǽcarum membranarum 1035:Return of the Bourbons (1815) 1023:French domination (1806–1815) 576:8 km (3 sq mi) 2362:Cities and towns in Calabria 1317: 1161:N. Spatari, in his treatise 1125: 1119: 1113: 783: 436:Location of Martone in Italy 2267:Santo Stefano in Aspromonte 2262:Santa Cristina d'Aspromonte 1523:Musolino, Giovanni (1966). 734:province of Reggio Calabria 88:. The specific problem is: 16:For Martone amplifier, see 2383: 2247:Sant'Alessio in Aspromonte 1769:(in Italian). p. 101. 1579:Barillaro, Emilio (1969). 1552:Monasticism in the Locride 1029:Joseph Napoleone Bonaparte 1010:1783 Calabrian earthquakes 1007: 817:A very ancient village of 84:to meet Knowledge (XXG)'s 15: 2338: 2252:Sant'Eufemia d'Aspromonte 1847: 1782:Della Calabria illustrata 1671:Della Calabria illustrata 1646:Nadile, Vincenzo (1973). 1469:Della Calabria Illustrata 1459:surmounted by a timpano. 857:Giovanni Fiore of Cropani 481: 409: 400: 382: 377: 364: 352:Comune in Calabria, Italy 2072:Marina di Gioiosa Ionica 1669:Fiore, Giovanni (1691). 1178:with an irregular form. 2322:Terranova Sappo Minulio 2257:Sant'Ilario dello Ionio 1581:Il mio bel San Giovanni 1221: 722: 2212:San Giovanni di Gerace 1797: 1684:Lupis, Orazio (1805). 1374: 1368: 1361: 1295: 1282: 1250: 1241: 1206: 1163: 1143: 1045: 931: 882: 848: 824: 795: 789: 784:Theotokou ton boukéton 757:Martone, like all the 597:75/km (190/sq mi) 553: 367: 300:by rewriting it in an 2242:Sant'Agata del Bianco 2097:Melito di Porto Salvo 2007:Feroleto della Chiesa 1795: 1699:Spatari, Nik (2002). 1648:Santa Maria di Bucito 1606:. Naples. p. 91. 1181: 979:1738 Treaty of Vienna 634: • Summer ( 2227:San Pietro di Caridà 2177:Roccaforte del Greco 2057:Laureana di Borrello 1765:Gemelli, Salvatore. 1443:Church of St. George 1359:appears. It reads: " 1280:On the floor above ( 594: • Density 472:Show map of Calabria 149:improve this article 95:improve this article 2207:San Giorgio Morgeto 497: / 403:Location of Martone 2332:Villa San Giovanni 2117:Motta San Giovanni 1952:Caraffa del Bianco 1798: 1550:Russo, F. (1979). 1529:Byzantine Calabria 1525:Calabria bizantina 923:Tommaso Caracciolo 586: • Total 573: • Total 469:Martone (Calabria) 302:encyclopedic style 289:is written like a 2349: 2348: 2112:Montebello Ionico 1922:Bruzzano Zeffirio 1780:Fiore, Giovanni. 1337:S Matia di Bucita 1117:, ('my son'); 2) 1063:tricolour cockade 987:Kingdom of Naples 916:diocese of Gerace 790:venerabili templo 711: 710: 665:Dialing code 540:Metropolitan city 501:38.350°N 16.283°E 439:Show map of Italy 378:Comune di Martone 348: 347: 340: 330: 329: 322: 272: 271: 251:length guidelines 225: 224: 217: 199: 123: 122: 115: 86:quality standards 77:This article may 61: 18:Doherty amplifier 2374: 2344: 2122:Oppido Mamertina 1824: 1817: 1810: 1801: 1786: 1785: 1777: 1771: 1770: 1762: 1756: 1755: 1747: 1741: 1740: 1732: 1726: 1725: 1696: 1690: 1689: 1686:Storia universal 1681: 1675: 1674: 1666: 1660: 1659: 1643: 1637: 1636: 1628: 1622: 1621: 1615: 1607: 1599: 1593: 1592: 1576: 1570: 1569: 1563: 1555: 1547: 1541: 1540: 1520: 1514: 1507: 1501: 1500: 1498: 1496: 1485: 1465:Anthony of Padua 1377: 1371: 1365: 1340: 1320: 1298: 1285: 1253: 1244: 1209: 1166: 1146: 1128: 1122: 1116: 1048: 934: 885: 876: 865: 851: 827: 798: 792: 786: 776:9th–15th century 726:) is a town and 725: 707: 706: 704:Official website 683:Santu San Giorgi 639: 558: 512: 511: 509: 508: 507: 502: 498: 495: 494: 493: 490: 473: 459: 458: 452: 440: 426: 425: 419: 390: 372: 355: 343: 336: 325: 318: 314: 311: 305: 282: 281: 274: 267: 264: 258: 249:Please read the 235: 234: 227: 220: 213: 209: 206: 200: 198: 157: 133: 125: 118: 111: 107: 104: 98: 72: 71: 64: 53: 31: 30: 23: 2382: 2381: 2377: 2376: 2375: 2373: 2372: 2371: 2352: 2351: 2350: 2345: 2336: 2182:Roccella Ionica 2162:Reggio Calabria 1882:Bagnara Calabra 1843: 1828: 1790: 1789: 1779: 1778: 1774: 1764: 1763: 1759: 1750:D'Agostino, D. 1749: 1748: 1744: 1734: 1733: 1729: 1714: 1698: 1697: 1693: 1683: 1682: 1678: 1668: 1667: 1663: 1645: 1644: 1640: 1630: 1629: 1625: 1608: 1601: 1600: 1596: 1578: 1577: 1573: 1556: 1549: 1548: 1544: 1522: 1521: 1517: 1508: 1504: 1494: 1492: 1487: 1486: 1482: 1477: 1445: 1335: 1309: 1260: 1224: 1184: 1182:Mazzone's Tower 1176:calcareous rock 1138: 1089: 1080: 1071: 1055: 1037: 1025: 1012: 1006: 1004:1783 earthquake 975: 956: 912: 870: 859: 778: 702: 701: 680: 659: 633: 545:Reggio Calabria 505: 503: 499: 496: 491: 488: 486: 484: 483: 477: 476: 475: 474: 471: 470: 467: 466: 465: 464: 460: 443: 442: 441: 438: 437: 434: 433: 432: 431: 427: 405: 404: 396: 395: 394: 393: 373: 360: 353: 344: 333: 332: 331: 326: 315: 309: 306: 298:help improve it 295: 283: 279: 268: 262: 259: 248: 245:may be too long 240:This article's 236: 232: 221: 210: 204: 201: 158: 156: 146: 134: 119: 108: 102: 99: 92: 73: 69: 32: 28: 21: 12: 11: 5: 2380: 2378: 2370: 2369: 2364: 2354: 2353: 2347: 2346: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2202:San Ferdinando 2199: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2042:Gioiosa Ionica 2039: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1857:Agnana Calabra 1854: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1829: 1827: 1826: 1819: 1812: 1804: 1788: 1787: 1772: 1757: 1742: 1727: 1712: 1691: 1676: 1661: 1638: 1623: 1594: 1571: 1542: 1515: 1502: 1479: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1444: 1441: 1308: 1305: 1259: 1256: 1223: 1220: 1183: 1180: 1137: 1134: 1088: 1085: 1079: 1076: 1070: 1067: 1054: 1051: 1036: 1033: 1024: 1021: 1008:Main article: 1005: 1002: 977:Following the 974: 971: 967:Gioiosa Jonica 955: 952: 911: 908: 837:Saint Nicholas 777: 774: 740:, in southern 709: 708: 699: 695: 694: 691: 687: 686: 675: 671: 670: 667: 661: 660: 657: 655: 651: 650: 640: 630: 629: 619: 613: 612: 605: 599: 598: 595: 591: 590: 587: 583: 582: 578: 577: 574: 570: 569: 565: 564: 559: 549: 548: 542: 536: 535: 530: 524: 523: 518: 514: 513: 506:38.350; 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