143:
191:(pure, traditional, religious) rites of Megalesia. Clodius had sought popular support by defecting from a patrician to a plebeian gens. The Megalesia was a predominantly patrician affair; and in an apparent attempt to undermine patrician privilege, Clodius had hired slave-gangs to forcibly take control of the festival. The attempt was a failure, and Clodius was prosecuted for this and other outrages against Rome's traditional and social proprieties.
172:
petals are scattered, and clouds of incense arise. The goddess's image, wearing the Mural Crown and seated within a sculpted, lion-drawn chariot, is carried high on a bier. The Roman display of Cybele's
Megalesia procession as an exotic, privileged public pageant offers signal contrast to what is known of the private, socially inclusive Phrygian-Greek mysteries on which it was based.
175:
During the festival, wealthy Roman nobles played host to each other, in rotation, in honour of the goddess; these were lavish, costly and competitive occasions in which the wealthy sought to impress their inferiors and peers; or in the latter case, to outdo them in extravagance. In direct response to
162:
describes this procession as wild
Phrygian "mummery" and "fabulous clap-trap", in contrast to the Megalesian sacrifices and games, carried out in what he admires as a dignified "traditional Roman" manner; Dionysius also applauds the wisdom of Roman religious law, which forbids the participation of
171:
vividly describes the procession's armed "war dancers" in their three-plumed helmets, clashing their shields together, bronze on bronze, "delighted by blood"; yellow-robed, long-haired, perfumed Galli waving their knives, wild music of thrumming tympanons and shrill flutes. Along the route, rose
375:
See also commentary in Roller, 1999, p.293 and note 39: "... one can see how a
Phrygian in an elaborately embroidered robe might have clashed noticeably with the plain, largely monochromatic Roman tunic and toga"; cf Augustus's "efforts to stress the white toga as the proper dress for
138:
were held there in her honour. The racetrack could be seen from her temple's threshold, and a statue of Magna Mater was permanently sited on the racetrack's dividing barrier, showing the goddess seated on a lion's back: the goddess could thus watch the festivities held in her honour.
114:, where her image was temporarily housed. In 203 Cybele was promised a temple of her own. Games in her honour were celebrated in 193. Regular annual celebration of the Megalesia began in 191, with the temple's completion and dedication by Marcus Junius Brutus.
130:(plays and other entertainments based on religious themes), probably performed on the deeply stepped approach to her temple; some of the plays were commissioned from well-known playwrights. On April 10, her image was taken in public procession to the
519:
341:(University of California Press, 1990), pp. 83–91, rejecting the scholarly tradition that the image represents an old man in an unknown rite for Venus
512:
287:
505:
312:
264:
238:
200:
155:
485:
907:
372:
354:
describes the hymns and ritual characteristics of
Megalensia as Greek. See Takacs, in Lane (ed), p. 373, citing Cicero,
126:
commenced on April 4, the anniversary of Cybele's arrival in Rome. The festival structure is unclear, but it included
912:
159:
407:
See
Robertson, N., in Lane (ed), 1996, pp. 292 - 293. See also Summers, K., in Lane (ed), 1996, pp.341, 347 - 349.
93:
184:
438:
841:
164:
147:
142:
796:
886:
816:
691:
481:
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277:
180:
issued a decree in 161 BC, limiting expenditure on meat, wine and silverware for such feasts.
107:
706:
671:
586:
97:
746:
528:
339:
On Roman Time: The Codex
Calendar of 354 and the Rhythms of Urban Life in Late Antiquity
686:
325:
131:
63:
901:
836:
821:
761:
474:
434:
127:
111:
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831:
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721:
631:
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177:
135:
43:
302:
Tribune of the plebs (195 BC), praetor (191 BC), and perhaps the consul of 178 BC.
881:
851:
846:
791:
766:
711:
601:
576:
154:
Roman bystanders seem to have perceived
Megalesia as either characteristically "
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826:
811:
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756:
741:
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681:
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150:(354 AD), perhaps either a Gallus or a theatrical performer for the Megalesia
861:
806:
751:
696:
676:
616:
556:
168:
167:; Slaves are forbidden to witness any of this. In the late republican era,
100:. Her arrival was solemnized with a magnificent procession, sacred feasts (
17:
866:
651:
636:
606:
596:
581:
546:
88:
priestesses. As the "Great Mother of the Gods" and a purported ancestral
81:
480:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press.
398:
Recalling the
Kouretes and Corybantes of Cybele's Greek myths and cults.
876:
776:
701:
646:
626:
47:
324:
It was probably copied from a Greek original; the same appears on the
158:"; or Phrygian. At the cusp of Rome's transition to Empire, the Greek
641:
466:
Cybele, Attis, and
Related Cults: Essays in Memory of M.J. Vermaseren
351:
252:
Cybele, Attis, and
Related Cults: Essays in Memory of M.J. Vermaseren
51:
183:
In the late republican era, Cicero attacked his political opponent
561:
218:
141:
85:
62:(μϵγάλη), meaning "great". The festival was one of several on the
532:
234:
89:
68:
501:
279:
Roman Dining: A Special Issue of American Journal of Philology
58:("Great Mother"). The name of the festival derives from Greek
163:
any Roman citizen in the procession, and in the goddess's
476:
In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele
96:
caste, she was recruited to act on Rome's behalf in the
473:
276:Barbara K. Gold; John F. Donahue (13 May 2005).
146:Illustration of the month of April based on the
513:
80:Cybele's cult image was brought to Rome from
8:
520:
506:
498:
211:
385:Roller, 1999, p. 296, citing Cicero,
106:), games, and offerings to her at the
453:Roller, 1999, p. 296, citing Cicero,
416:Summers, in Lane, 1996, pp. 348 - 50.
7:
84:in 204 BC, along with the goddess's
187:for sacrilegious disruption of the
223:On the Latin Language in 25 Books,
201:Sacerdos Matris Deum Magnae Idaeae
25:
443:, 24.2; Loeb, 1926 (revised 1946)
494:Cicero 'De Haruspicum Responsis'
1:
441:Noctes Atticae (Attic Nights)
42:was a festival celebrated in
472:Roller, Lynn Emrich (1999).
367:Dionysius_of_Halicarnassus,
350:In the late Republican era,
282:. JHU Press. pp. 102–.
371:, trans. Cary, Loeb, 1935,
328:. See Roller, 1999, p. 315.
189:casti, sollemnes, religiosi
929:
254:, Brill, 1996. pp. 393-394
160:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
72:, games and performances.
542:
54:, whom the Romans called
908:Ancient Roman festivals
464:Lane, Eugene, (Editor)
455:De Haruspicum Responsis
387:De Haruspicum Responsis
356:De haruspicum responsis
337:Michele Renee Salzman,
250:Lane, Eugene, (Editor)
151:
27:Ancient Roman festival
425:Roller, 1999, p. 317.
148:Calendar of Filocalus
145:
797:Quinquennial Neronia
98:war against Carthage
48:April 4 to April 10
152:
913:April observances
895:
894:
369:Roman Antiquities
289:978-0-8018-8202-9
108:temple of Victory
92:of Rome's ruling
16:(Redirected from
920:
707:Ludi Apollinares
672:Ieiunium Cereris
587:Capitoline Games
522:
515:
508:
499:
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66:celebrated with
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439:Aulus Gellius,
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50:, in honour of
40:Megalenses Ludi
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687:Latin Festival
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90:Trojan goddess
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64:Roman calendar
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837:Taurian Games
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822:Secular Games
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373:2, 19, 3 - 5.
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136:chariot races
133:
129:
128:ludi scaenici
125:
117:
115:
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112:Palatine Hill
109:
105:
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37:
33:
19:
857:Tubilustrium
832:Septimontium
736:
732:Meditrinalia
722:Lusus Troiae
632:Epulum Jovis
567:Armilustrium
534:
475:
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121:
103:lectisternia
101:
79:
67:
59:
55:
44:ancient Rome
39:
35:
31:
29:
882:Volturnalia
852:Tricennalia
847:Tiberinalia
792:Quinquatria
767:Opiconsivia
712:Ludi Romani
602:Carmentalia
577:Bacchanalia
56:Magna Mater
902:Categories
887:Vulcanalia
872:Vicennalia
842:Terminalia
827:Sementivae
812:Saturnalia
802:Regifugium
782:Poplifugia
772:Parentalia
757:Neptunalia
742:Mercuralia
727:Matronalia
717:Lupercalia
682:Larentalia
667:Furrinalia
662:Fornacalia
657:Fordicidia
622:Decennalia
612:Compitalia
592:Caprotinia
572:Augustalia
552:Ambarvalia
176:this, the
76:Background
36:Megalensia
18:Megalensia
862:Veneralia
807:Robigalia
752:Nemoralia
737:Megalesia
697:Liberalia
677:Junonalia
617:Consualia
557:Amburbium
457:, 13. 28.
389:, 13. 28.
169:Lucretius
165:mysteries
124:Megalesia
94:patrician
32:Megalesia
867:Vestalia
652:Floralia
637:Equirria
607:Cerealia
597:Caristia
582:Brumalia
547:Agonalia
437:, 24, 2
376:Romans."
358:, 12.24
313:xxxvi.36
265:xxxiv.54
195:See also
118:Festival
82:Pessinus
877:Vinalia
817:Rosalia
777:Parilia
702:Lucaria
692:Lemuria
647:Feralia
627:Divalia
435:Gellius
239:xxix.14
185:Clodius
110:on the
642:Februa
535:(ludi)
533:games
484:
352:Cicero
311:Livy,
286:
263:Livy,
225:vi. 15
178:senate
134:, and
86:Gallae
60:megalē
52:Cybele
562:Argei
219:Varro
207:Notes
156:Greek
46:from
38:, or
531:and
482:ISBN
284:ISBN
235:Livy
122:The
69:ludi
30:The
904::
237:,
221:,
34:,
521:e
514:t
507:v
490:.
315:.
292:.
241:.
20:)
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