438:
701:
3485:
3401:
73:
648:
1328:. More recent research has falsified this theory of early origin (for all of these). Instead, microsporidia are proposed to be highly developed and specialized organisms, which just dispensed functions that are needed no longer, because they are supplied by the host. Furthermore, spore-forming organisms in general do have a complex system of reproduction, both sexual and asexual, which look far from primitive.
46:
4180:
416:
463:
Microsporidia produce highly resistant spores, capable of surviving outside their host for up to several years. Spore morphology is useful in distinguishing between different species. Spores of most species are oval or pyriform, but rod-shaped or spherical spores are not unusual. A few genera produce
614:
malaria) reduces malarial infection within the mosquito, and shortens the mosquito lifespan. As the majority of malaria-infected mosquitoes naturally die before the malaria parasite is mature enough to transmit, any increase in mosquito mortality through microsporidian-infection may reduce malaria
526:
In the gut of the host the spore germinates; it builds up osmotic pressure until its rigid wall ruptures at its thinnest point at the apex. The posterior vacuole swells, forcing the polar filament to rapidly eject the infectious content into the cytoplasm of the potential host. Simultaneously the
363:. The named species of microsporidia usually infect one host species or a group of closely related taxa. Approximately 10 percent of the species are parasites of vertebrates —several species, most of which are opportunistic, can infect humans, in whom they can cause
375:, gigantism, or change of host sex are all potential effects of microsporidian parasitism (in insects). In the most advanced cases of parasitism the microsporidium rules the host cell completely and controls its metabolism and reproduction, forming a
370:
After infection they influence their hosts in various ways and all organs and tissues are invaded, though generally by different species of specialised microsporidia. Some species are lethal, and a few are used in biological control of insect pests.
784:. As a consequence, the genomes of microsporidia are much smaller than those of other eukaryotes. Currently known microsporidial genomes are 2.5 to 11.6 Mb in size, encoding from 1,848 to 3,266 proteins which is in the same range as many
3678:"Über die neue Krankheit der Seidenraupe und verwandte Organismen. pp. 760–61. In: Caspary, R. (ed.). Bericht über die Verhandlungen der 33. Versammlung deutscher Naturforscher und Aerzte, gehalten in Bonn von 18 bis 24 September 1857"
1334:
Work to identify clades is largely based on habitat and host. Three classes of
Microsporidia are proposed by Vossbrinck and Debrunner-Vossbrinck, based on the habitat: Aquasporidia, Marinosporidia and Terresporidia.
343:, or a sister group to fungi. These fungal microbes are obligate eukaryotic parasites that use a unique mechanism to infect host cells. They have recently been discovered in a 2017 Cornell study to infect
826:
where it is considered to help trigger the checkpoint-signaling cascade. Genes that code for heterotrimeric 9-1-1 are present in microsporidia. In addition to the 9-1-1 complex, other components of the
3012:
Andreadis TG, Hall DW (September 1979). "Significance of transovarial infections of
Amblyospora sp. (Microspora:Thelohaniidae) in relation to parasite maintenance in the mosquito Culex salinarius".
561:
In animals and humans, microsporidia often cause chronic, debilitating diseases rather than lethal infections. Effects on the host include reduced longevity, fertility, weight, and general vigor.
437:
4228:
331:. These spores contain an extrusion apparatus that has a coiled polar tube ending in an anchoring disc at the apical part of the spore. They were once considered
5591:
700:
3876:"Loss of the flagellum happened only once in the fungal lineage: phylogenetic structure of Kingdom Fungi inferred from RNA polymerase II subunit genes"
572:
transmission, where the microsporidian parasites pass from the ovaries of the female host into eggs and eventually multiply in the infected larvae.
3164:"A Possible Mechanism for the Suppression of Plasmodium berghei Development in the Mosquito Anopheles gambiae by the Microsporidian Vavraia culicis"
2977:
Andreadis TG, Hall DW (August 1979). "Development, ultrastructure, and mode of transmission of
Amblyospora sp. (Microspora) in the mosquito".
3138:
2732:
716:
Microsporidia can infect a variety of hosts, including hosts which are themselves parasites. In that case, the microsporidian species is a
2783:
596:
Coquillett, provide typical examples of transovarial transmission of microsporidia. Microsporidia, specifically the mosquito-infecting
4221:
401:
The terms "microsporidium" (pl. "microsporidia") and "microsporidian" are used as vernacular names for members of the group. The name
347:
on a large scale. So far, about 1500 of the probably more than one million species are named. Microsporidia are restricted to animal
4110:
3839:
Fischer WM, Palmer JD (September 2005). "Evidence from small-subunit ribosomal RNA sequences for a fungal origin of
Microsporidia".
3047:
Jahn GC, Hall DW, Zam SG (1986). "A comparison of the life cycles of two
Amblyospora (Microspora: Amblyosporidae) in the mosquitoes
5668:
5630:
4261:
823:
527:
material of the filament is rearranged to form a tube which functions as a hypodermic needle and penetrates the gut epithelium.
72:
4256:
3925:
Gill EE, Fast NM (June 2006). "Assessing the microsporidia-fungi relationship: Combined phylogenetic analysis of eight genes".
2855:
4340:
4330:
4313:
4214:
2661:
Franzen, C. (2005). How do
Microsporidia invade cells?. Folia Parasitologica, 52(1–2), 36–40. doi.org/10.14411/fp.2005.005
2449:
2616:
Corliss JO, Levine ND (1963). "Establishment of the
Microsporidea as a new class in the protozoan subphylum Cnidospora".
2646:. vol. 2, Systematics of the Microsporidia. Lee A. Bulla & Thomas C. Cheng (ed.). pp. 1–30. New York: Plenum Press,
1331:
Since the mid-2000s microsporidia are placed within the Fungi or as a sister-group of the Fungi with a common ancestor.
5526:
5503:
510:, which is coiled up in the posterior half of the spore. The anterior part of the polar filament is surrounded by a
59:
5596:
3643:
Bojko, Jamie; Reinke, Aaron W.; Stentiford, Grant D.; Williams, Bryony; Rogers, Martin S.J.; Bass, David (2022).
629:, had "no overt effect" on the fitness of host mosquitoes, and was transmitted vertically (through inheritance).
2672:
802:
688:
4200:
791:
4126:
Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-GarcĂa, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022).
2485:
Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-GarcĂa, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022).
796:
549:. Different types of spores may be produced at different stages, probably with different functions including
4345:
1754:
1280:
738:
538:
4596:
3484:
3400:
2800:
Didier, ES. (Apr 2005). "Microsporidiosis: an emerging and opportunistic infection in humans and animals".
2135:
1869:
1784:
5658:
5456:
5016:
2748:
Hawksworth, David (2001). "The magnitude of fungal diversity: The 1.5 million spices estimate revisited".
1860:
1300:. For some time microsporidia were considered as very primitive eukaryotes, placed in the protozoan group
181:
5531:
2377:
1634:
887:
602:, are being explored as a possible 'evolution-proof' malaria-control method. Microsporidian infection of
5663:
5617:
4981:
4976:
4308:
2386:
2126:
1772:
1674:
1596:
610:
562:
5165:
5094:
4684:
2395:
2254:
2014:
1810:
1566:
1548:
1518:
1490:
4564:
4559:
3677:
2117:
2081:
1996:
1898:
1889:
1716:
1536:
1478:
1381:
720:, i.e. a parasite of a parasite. As an example, more than eighteen species are known which parasitize
218:
5635:
5539:
4679:
4650:
3599:
Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, Al-Ani LK, Tedersoo L, Haelewaters D, Rajeshkumar KC, et al. (2020).
3242:
3175:
2537:
2330:
2144:
2072:
2005:
1974:
1918:
1880:
1830:
1798:
1738:
1710:
1584:
1506:
1484:
1403:
598:
542:
372:
186:
5570:
5330:
5129:
4011:"Molecular phylogeny of the Microsporidia: ecological, ultrastructural and taxonomic considerations"
2294:
2274:
2189:
1909:
1836:
1804:
1744:
1680:
1512:
1412:
1343:
191:
5119:
5001:
2357:
2348:
2265:
2245:
2198:
2180:
2162:
1842:
1778:
1724:
1686:
1668:
1658:
1560:
1530:
1441:
546:
240:
235:
2422:
2236:
2227:
2218:
2108:
2099:
2090:
2054:
2045:
2036:
1816:
1760:
1730:
1698:
1692:
1652:
1640:
1542:
1394:
569:
230:
5494:
5150:
4991:
4325:
4303:
4291:
4266:
4184:
4157:
3526:
3473:
2703:
2518:
2404:
2339:
2312:
2153:
1822:
1790:
1572:
1554:
1524:
1432:
1361:
1273:
586:
574:
545:
life cycle, while others have a complex life cycle involving multiple hosts and both asexual and
500:
261:
67:
5622:
2839:
2368:
2321:
2207:
2171:
1704:
1646:
1628:
1352:
682:. At least 14 microsporidian species, spread across eight genera, have been recognized as human
250:
5439:
2303:
2063:
1622:
1602:
1304:. Later, especially because of the lack of mitochondria, they were placed along with the other
831:
machinery are also present indicting that repair of DNA damage likely occurs in microsporidia.
822:-Hus1 protein complex (also known as the 9-1-1 complex) in eukaryotes is recruited to sites of
5604:
5031:
5011:
5006:
4996:
4335:
4298:
4286:
4276:
4106:
4081:
4032:
3991:
3942:
3907:
3856:
3821:
3772:
3723:
3625:
3578:
3518:
3465:
3447:
3389:
3325:
3270:
3203:
3144:
3134:
3103:
3029:
2994:
2959:
2908:
2817:
2728:
2695:
2595:
2285:
1936:
1616:
1423:
621:
604:
245:
201:
5124:
3414:
Miquel, Jordi; Kacem, Hichem; Baz-González, Edgar; Foronda, Pilar; Marchand, Bernard (2022).
5313:
5304:
4250:
4147:
4139:
4071:
4063:
4022:
3981:
3973:
3934:
3897:
3887:
3848:
3811:
3803:
3762:
3754:
3715:
3656:
3615:
3568:
3560:
3510:
3455:
3439:
3379:
3371:
3315:
3305:
3260:
3250:
3193:
3183:
3126:
3095:
3021:
2986:
2949:
2939:
2898:
2888:
2834:
Balbiani, G. 1884. Les
Psorospermies des Articulés ou Microsporidies, pp. 150-168, 184. In:
2809:
2778:
2757:
2687:
2625:
2585:
2508:
2498:
679:
638:
580:
382:
Replication takes place within the host's cells, which are infected by means of unicellular
364:
5609:
3719:
5399:
5211:
5160:
4986:
4918:
4664:
4623:
4372:
2787:
1987:
1929:
1472:
1372:
1065:
1031:
773:
506:
The anterior half of the spore contains a harpoon-like apparatus with a long, thread-like
213:
196:
4196:
2722:
3600:
3246:
3179:
541:, before producing new spores. The life cycle varies considerably. Some have a simple
5565:
5353:
5196:
5104:
5021:
4632:
4281:
3986:
3961:
3902:
3875:
3700:
3573:
3548:
3460:
3415:
3384:
3347:
3320:
3289:
3265:
3222:
3198:
3163:
2990:
2954:
2927:
2903:
2868:
2590:
1956:
1578:
1285:
1037:
794:(HGT) seems to have occurred many times in microsporidia. For instance, the genomes of
409:
348:
206:
4076:
4051:
3816:
3791:
3767:
3742:
3130:
2813:
647:
5652:
5508:
5335:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5155:
5077:
5036:
5026:
4944:
4640:
4161:
4127:
3501:
Corradi, N.; Selman, M. (2013). "Latest
Progress in Microsporidian Genome Research".
3477:
3025:
2522:
2486:
2027:
1965:
1590:
1289:
854:
777:
717:
550:
535:
449:
225:
153:
28:
19:
This article is about the parasitic fungi group. For the ascomycete fungi genus, see
4143:
3620:
3530:
2573:
2503:
45:
5404:
5322:
5259:
5145:
5086:
4936:
4492:
4403:
2707:
819:
769:
495:
3807:
2724:
Protistes
Eucaryotes : Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes
4100:
4067:
3758:
3310:
3188:
2691:
2647:
2629:
5488:
5414:
5187:
4856:
4698:
4580:
4395:
4237:
3852:
3701:"Microsporidia: biology and evolution of highly reduced intracellular parasites"
2463:
2413:
1766:
1500:
1317:
1313:
752:
325:
120:
20:
4179:
3938:
3443:
3375:
3255:
2893:
806:
contain genes that derive from animals and bacteria, and some even from fungi.
5384:
5345:
5250:
5216:
5041:
4448:
4362:
3977:
2761:
1309:
1301:
828:
729:
531:
415:
133:
53:
24:
5479:
4190:
3661:
3644:
3629:
3451:
2854:, 2nd edn, University of California Press, Berkeley, California, USA, p. 89,
5552:
5295:
4645:
4508:
4443:
4421:
1945:
1608:
781:
457:
387:
356:
84:
4152:
4036:
3995:
3946:
3911:
3892:
3860:
3825:
3727:
3582:
3522:
3469:
3393:
3329:
3294:: New insights into microsporidian genome dynamics and reductive evolution"
3274:
3207:
3148:
3099:
2963:
2944:
2912:
2821:
2699:
2642:
Sprague, V. (1977). Classification and phylogeny of the Microsporidia. In:
4085:
3776:
3564:
3107:
2599:
514:, a lamella of membranes. Behind the polar filament, there is a posterior
5578:
5518:
5473:
5409:
5394:
5389:
5379:
4966:
4927:
4320:
4027:
4010:
3033:
2998:
2777:
Ronny Larsson, Lund University (Department of Cell and Organism Biology)
1325:
1321:
1305:
1293:
785:
725:
683:
453:
332:
328:
97:
3645:"Microsporidia: a new taxonomic, evolutionary, and ecological synthesis"
3123:
Chapter 12 Microsporidians as Evolution-Proof Agents of Malaria Control?
5234:
5060:
4516:
2513:
733:
721:
709:
336:
3514:
3346:
Toguebaye, B. S.; Quilichini, Y.; Diagne, P. M.; Marchand, B. (2014).
5371:
4470:
2558:
Delphy, J. 1936. Sous-règne des Protozoaires. In: Perrier, R. (ed.).
2455:
1297:
768:. The parasitic lifestyle of microsporidia has led to a loss of many
765:
678:
Microsporidian infections of humans sometimes cause a disease called
482:
424:
419:
395:
391:
376:
352:
344:
143:
110:
5583:
5450:
3084:(Diptera: culicidae): its life cycle stages in an intermediate host"
3075:
5557:
568:
In the case of insect hosts, vertical transmission often occurs as
815:
699:
592:
436:
383:
351:, and all major groups of animals host microsporidia. Most infect
340:
321:
5544:
360:
5454:
4210:
4206:
3549:"The Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 DNA Repair Clamp is Found in Microsporidia"
3547:
Mascarenhas Dos Santos AC, Julian AT, Pombert JF (2022-04-10).
2928:"Multiple losses of sex within a single genus of Microsporidia"
615:
transmission to humans. In May 2020, researchers reported that
467:
The spore is protected by a wall, consisting of three layers:
642:
3288:
Heinz, E; Williams, TA; Nakjang, S; et al. (Oct 2012).
3125:. Advances in Parasitology. Vol. 68. pp. 315–327.
750:, itself an intestinal parasite of a marine fish, the bogue
386:. These vary from 1–40 μm, making them some of the smallest
4193:
Database of microspordia sequences and related information.
3960:
Lee SC, Corradi N, Byrnes EJ, et al. (November 2008).
3420:
n. gen., n. sp., a hyperparasite of the digenean trematode
3416:"Ultrastructural and molecular study of the microsporidian
3121:
Koella, Jacob C.; Lorenz, Lena; Bargielowski, Irka (2009).
764:
Microsporidia have the smallest known (nuclear) eukaryotic
2673:"A higher level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi"
2560:
La Faune de la France en tableaux synoptiques illustrés
2538:"Sur les microsporidies ou psorospermies des Articulés"
728:). These digeneans are themselves parasites in various
659:
444:. A, meront and spore; B, spore wall; C, polar filament
394:
are 1.0–4.0 μm. They also have the smallest eukaryotic
355:, but they are also responsible for common diseases of
3221:
Herren, JK; Mbaisi, L; Mararo, E; et al. (2020).
3792:"Simplicity and Complexity of Microsporidian Genomes"
3594:
3592:
3080:
n. sp. (Microsporidia: amblyosporidae), parasite of
5463:
5370:
5344:
5321:
5312:
5303:
5294:
5258:
5249:
5242:
5233:
5204:
5195:
5186:
5138:
5112:
5103:
5085:
5076:
5069:
5058:
4965:
4935:
4926:
4917:
4910:
4868:
4837:
4814:
4776:
4756:
4697:
4672:
4663:
4631:
4622:
4613:
4589:
4573:
4552:
4537:
4507:
4500:
4491:
4482:
4469:
4436:
4429:
4420:
4394:
4387:
4380:
4371:
4360:
4009:Vossbrinck CR, Debrunner-Vossbrinck BA (May 2005).
3962:"Microsporidia evolved from ancestral sexual fungi"
3290:"The genome of the obligate intracellular parasite
2869:"Molecular and ultrastructural characterization of
3162:Bargielowski I, Koella JC (2009). Baylis M (ed.).
2657:
2655:
3057:Journal of the Florida Anti-Mosquito Association
2574:"A Newly Revised Classification of the Protozoa"
1338:A second classification by Cavalier-Smith 1993:
780:are reduced in size compared with those of most
494:In most cases there are two closely associated
4128:"Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021"
3496:
3494:
2487:"Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021"
4222:
3542:
3540:
2852:Parasites of North American Freshwater Fishes
736:. Eight of these species belong to the genus
8:
4191:BioHealthBase Bioinformatics Resource Center
3341:
3339:
456:. They also lack motile structures, such as
3352:n. sp. (Microsporidia), a hyperparasite of
746:is a parasite of a digenean, the faustulid
477:a median, wide and seemingly structureless
5451:
5318:
5309:
5300:
5255:
5246:
5239:
5201:
5192:
5109:
5082:
5073:
5066:
4932:
4923:
4914:
4703:
4669:
4628:
4619:
4610:
4549:
4545:
4534:
4504:
4497:
4488:
4479:
4475:
4433:
4426:
4391:
4384:
4377:
4368:
4229:
4215:
4207:
3790:Keeling PJ, Slamovits CH (December 2004).
2780:Cytology and taxonomy of the microsporidia
1278:The first described microsporidian genus,
619:, a symbiont in the midgut and ovaries of
44:
35:
4199:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
4151:
4075:
4026:
3985:
3901:
3891:
3815:
3766:
3660:
3619:
3572:
3459:
3383:
3319:
3309:
3264:
3254:
3197:
3187:
2953:
2943:
2902:
2892:
2611:
2609:
2589:
2512:
2502:
625:, significantly impaired transmission of
565:of microsporidia is frequently reported.
2031:Delphy 1936 ex Levine & Corliss 1963
1457:
742:. Similarly, the microsporidian species
414:
3601:"Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa"
2773:
2771:
2477:
3720:10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160854
2873:n. sp. (Microsporidia), a parasite of
464:spores of unique shape for the genus.
3841:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2130:Codreanu-Balcesci & Codreanu 1982
712:which is itself a parasite of a fish.
553:(transmission within a single host).
408:is also used as a catchall genus for
7:
3699:Keeling, P. J.; Fast, N. M. (2002).
3074:Becnel JJ, Andreadis TG (May 1998).
2298:Jones, Prosperi-Porta & Kim 2012
4052:"Kingdom Protozoa and its 18 phyla"
3874:Liu YJ, Hodson MC, Hall BD (2006).
3743:"Kingdom protozoa and its 18 phyla"
3348:"Ultrastructure and development of
2867:Winters, A. D.; Faisal, M. (2014).
2671:Hibbett, D.S.; et al. (2007).
2572:Levine, N. D.; et al. (1980).
2467:, a microsporidian parasite of bees
1991:Weiser 1977 em. Cavalier-Smith 1993
1978:Sprague, Ormières & Manier 1972
1145:
1125:
1105:
1085:
1061:
1027:
1020:
996:
966:
959:
908:
900:
893:
860:
850:
842:
3503:Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
2991:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1979.tb04651.x
2591:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1980.tb04228.x
2240:Simakova, Tokarev & Issi 2018a
578:n. sp. which infects the mosquito
504:, but sometimes there is only one.
290:Delphy, 1936 , Levine et al., 1980
14:
3088:Journal of Invertebrate Pathology
3014:Journal of Invertebrate Pathology
2814:10.1016/j.actatropica.2005.01.010
2278:Sprague, Becnel & Hazard 1992
2175:Sprague, Tuzet & Maurand 1977
2112:Sprague, Becnel & Hazard 1992
704:A hyperparasitic microsporidian,
23:. For the green algae genus, see
4178:
3483:
3399:
2121:Faye, Toguebaye & Bouix 1996
646:
71:
5438:Sources and alternative views:
4102:Protista 2: Handbook on zoology
4099:Alimov, A. F., ed. (May 2007).
4021:(1–2): 131–42, discussion 130.
2426:Larsson, Ebert & Vávra 1997
1:
3808:10.1128/EC.3.6.1363-1369.2004
3708:Annual Review of Microbiology
3424:(Faustulidae), a parasite of
3131:10.1016/S0065-308X(08)00612-X
2877:spp. (Amphipoda, Gammaridea)"
2450:List of Microsporidian genera
534:grows, dividing or forming a
530:Once inside the host cell, a
27:. For the beetle family, see
4068:10.1128/MR.57.4.953-994.1993
3759:10.1128/MR.57.4.953-994.1993
3553:Genome Biology and Evolution
3311:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002979
3189:10.1371/journal.pone.0004676
3026:10.1016/0022-2011(79)90095-8
2692:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004
2630:10.1111/jeu.1963.10.issue-s3
390:. Microsporidia that infect
3853:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.03.031
3358:Parapristipoma octolineatum
3356:(Trematoda), a parasite of
2979:The Journal of Protozoology
2836:Leçons sur les sporozoaires
2618:The Journal of Protozoology
2578:The Journal of Protozoology
2562:, vol 1A. Delagrave: Paris.
1949:Ormières & Sprague 1973
839:Phylogeny of Rozellomycota
590:which infects the mosquito
5687:
3939:10.1016/j.gene.2006.02.023
3741:Cavalier-Smith, T (1993).
3354:Podocotyloides magnatestis
3292:Trachipleistophora hominis
3256:10.1038/s41467-020-16121-y
3223:"A microsporidian impairs
2459:, a genus of microsporidia
2058:Jouvenaz & Hazard 1978
2018:Caullery & Mesnil 1897
1464:Wijayawardene et al. 2020
1271:
803:Trachipleistophora hominis
689:Trachipleistophora hominis
636:
339:, but are now known to be
60:Fibrillanosema crangonycis
18:
5435:
4706:
4609:
4548:
4533:
4478:
4244:
4144:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2
3978:10.1016/j.cub.2008.09.030
3621:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8
2762:10.1017/S0953756201004725
2504:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2
2352:Hazard & Oldacre 1975
1463:
1460:
1274:Wikispecies:Microsporidia
1163:
1150:
1143:
1130:
1123:
1110:
1103:
1090:
1083:
1069:
1059:
1035:
1025:
1018:
1002:
994:
972:
964:
957:
926:
913:
906:
898:
891:
866:
858:
848:
608:(the principal vector of
296:Corliss & Levine 1963
267:
260:
178:
173:
68:Scientific classification
66:
52:
43:
38:
4201:Medical Subject Headings
3880:BMC Evolutionary Biology
3662:10.1016/j.pt.2022.05.007
3444:10.1051/parasite/2022007
3376:10.1051/parasite/2014044
2932:BMC Evolutionary Biology
2894:10.1051/parasite/2014028
2721:Silar, Philippe (2016).
2644:Comparative pathobiology
797:Encephalitozoon romaleae
792:Horizontal gene transfer
471:an outer electron-dense
5669:Fungi by classification
4105:. Nauka. p. 1141.
4056:Microbiological Reviews
4050:Cavalier-Smith (1993).
3747:Microbiological Reviews
3676:Nägeli, C. von (1857).
2269:Tokarev & Issi 2020
2222:Tokarev & Issi 2020
2184:Tokarev & Issi 2020
2148:Issi & Voronin 1986
2085:Issi & Voronin 1986
1284:, was initially put by
756:(Teleostei, Sparidae).
587:Amblyospora californica
5017:Calcarisporiellomycota
3893:10.1186/1471-2148-6-74
3649:Trends in Parasitology
3428:(Teleostei, Sparidae)"
3100:10.1006/jipa.1998.4729
2945:10.1186/1471-2148-7-48
2408:LĂ©ger & Hesse 1922
2316:Stentiford et al. 2010
2157:Leger & Hesse 1910
2049:Stentiford et al. 2014
1755:Dissociodihaplophasida
974:Paramicrosporidiaceae
776:genes, and even their
713:
445:
429:
422:on flatfish caused by
5618:Paleobiology Database
4977:Neocallimastigomycota
4740:Pseudopleistophoridae
4597:Paramicrosporidiaceae
3350:Nosema podocotyloidis
3235:Nature Communications
3225:Plasmodium falciparum
3078:Amblyospora salinaria
2871:Dictyocoela diporeiae
2136:Pseudopleistophoridae
1870:Paramicrosporidiaceae
1785:Pseudopleistophoridae
1272:Further information:
970:Paramicrosporidiales
706:Nosema podocotyloidis
703:
611:Plasmodium falciparum
575:Amblyospora salinaria
563:Vertical transmission
452:, instead possessing
442:Dictyocoela diporeiae
440:
418:
174:Classes & orders
4590:Paramicrosporidiales
4028:10.14411/fp.2005.017
4015:Folia Parasitologica
3422:Bacciger israelensis
3418:Toguebayea baccigeri
3229:Anopheles arabiensis
2926:Ironside JE (2007).
2850:Hoffman, G. (1999).
2750:Mycological Research
2727:. HAL. p. 462.
2680:Mycological Research
2536:Balbiani, G (1882).
2390:Cali & Owen 1990
1861:Paramicrosporidiales
1288:in the fungal group
748:Bacciger israelensis
744:Toguebayea baccigeri
557:Medical implications
373:Parasitic castration
182:Paramicrosporidiales
5002:Entomophthoromycota
4844:Encephalitozoonidae
4540:Microsporidiomycota
3565:10.1093/gbe/evac053
3438:. EDP Sciences: 2.
3247:2020NatCo..11.2187H
3180:2009PLoSO...4.4676B
2378:Encephalitozoonidae
2258:Franzen et al. 2005
1635:Encephalitozoonidae
1445:Cavalier-Smith 1993
1436:Cavalier-Smith 1993
1427:Cavalier-Smith 1993
1407:Cavalier-Smith 1993
1398:Cavalier-Smith 1993
1356:Cavalier-Smith 1993
1347:Cavalier-Smith 1993
1292:together with some
888:Microsporidiomycota
547:sexual reproduction
448:Microsporidia lack
302:Sprague, 1969, 1977
164:Microsporidiomycota
5372:Metazoa (Animalia)
4992:Blastocladiomycota
4982:Monoblepharomycota
4847:Enterocytozoonidae
4737:Pleistosporidiidae
3682:Botanische Zeitung
2786:2009-09-12 at the
2387:Enterocytozoonidae
2325:Loubes et al. 1977
2127:Pleistosporidiidae
1773:Ichthyosporidiidae
1675:Meiodihaplophasida
1597:Enterocytozoonidae
714:
708:, a parasite of a
658:. You can help by
446:
430:
5646:
5645:
5605:Open Tree of Life
5457:Taxon identifiers
5448:
5447:
5431:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5423:
5422:
5366:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5314:Choanoflagellatea
5290:
5289:
5286:
5285:
5229:
5228:
5225:
5224:
5212:Corallochytriidae
5182:
5181:
5178:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5166:Parataeniellaceae
5095:Dermocystidiaceae
5054:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5012:Mortierellomycota
4997:Basidiobolomycota
4961:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4906:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4850:Heterovesiculidae
4830:Tubulinosematidae
4693:
4692:
4685:Metchnikovellidae
4659:
4658:
4605:
4604:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4465:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4416:
4415:
4412:
4411:
3515:10.1111/jeu.12030
3140:978-0-12-374787-7
2734:978-2-9555841-0-1
2441:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2427:
2418:
2409:
2400:
2399:Lange et al. 1995
2396:Heterovesiculidae
2391:
2382:
2373:
2362:
2353:
2344:
2335:
2326:
2317:
2308:
2299:
2290:
2279:
2270:
2259:
2255:Tubulinosematidae
2250:
2241:
2232:
2223:
2212:
2203:
2194:
2185:
2176:
2167:
2158:
2149:
2140:
2131:
2122:
2113:
2104:
2095:
2086:
2077:
2068:
2059:
2050:
2041:
2032:
2019:
2015:Metchnikovellidae
2010:
2001:
1992:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1950:
1941:
1923:
1914:
1903:
1894:
1885:
1874:
1865:
1811:Culicosporellidae
1567:Tubulinosematidae
1549:Pseudonosematidae
1519:Heterovesiculidae
1491:Metchnikovellidae
1446:
1437:
1428:
1417:
1408:
1399:
1386:
1377:
1366:
1357:
1348:
1264:
1263:
1255:
1254:
1246:
1245:
1237:
1236:
1228:
1227:
1219:
1218:
1210:
1209:
1201:
1200:
1192:
1191:
1183:
1182:
1174:
1173:
1071:Metchnikovellida
1048:
1047:
983:
982:
946:
945:
937:
936:
928:Morellosporaceae
915:Mitosporidiaceae
877:
876:
696:As hyperparasites
676:
675:
605:Anopheles gambiae
407:
315:
314:
309:
308:Tuzet et al. 1971
303:
297:
291:
285:
279:
273:
169:
5676:
5639:
5638:
5626:
5625:
5613:
5612:
5600:
5599:
5587:
5586:
5574:
5573:
5561:
5560:
5548:
5547:
5535:
5534:
5522:
5521:
5512:
5511:
5499:
5498:
5497:
5484:
5483:
5482:
5452:
5443:
5319:
5310:
5305:Choanoflagellata
5301:
5256:
5247:
5240:
5205:Corallochytriida
5202:
5193:
5110:
5083:
5074:
5067:
5032:Entorrhizomycota
4933:
4924:
4915:
4821:Fibrillasporidae
4734:Neonosemoidiidae
4722:Cylindrosporidae
4704:
4673:Metchnikovellida
4670:
4629:
4620:
4611:
4565:Morellosporaceae
4560:Mitosporidiaceae
4550:
4546:
4535:
4505:
4498:
4489:
4480:
4476:
4434:
4427:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4369:
4273:
4253:
4231:
4224:
4217:
4208:
4183:Data related to
4182:
4166:
4165:
4155:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4079:
4047:
4041:
4040:
4030:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3989:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3905:
3895:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3819:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3770:
3738:
3732:
3731:
3705:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3623:
3614:(1): 1060–1456.
3605:
3596:
3587:
3586:
3576:
3544:
3535:
3534:
3498:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3481:
3463:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3397:
3387:
3343:
3334:
3333:
3323:
3313:
3304:(10): e1002979.
3285:
3279:
3278:
3268:
3258:
3227:transmission in
3218:
3212:
3211:
3201:
3191:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3082:Culex salinarius
3071:
3065:
3064:
3049:Culex salinarius
3044:
3038:
3037:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2957:
2947:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2906:
2896:
2864:
2858:
2848:
2842:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2797:
2791:
2775:
2766:
2765:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2677:
2668:
2662:
2659:
2650:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2624:(Suppl): 26–27.
2613:
2604:
2603:
2593:
2569:
2563:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2516:
2506:
2482:
2425:
2416:
2407:
2398:
2389:
2380:
2371:
2360:
2351:
2343:Weissenberg 1976
2342:
2333:
2324:
2315:
2306:
2297:
2288:
2277:
2268:
2257:
2248:
2239:
2231:Issi et al. 1990
2230:
2221:
2210:
2201:
2192:
2183:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2147:
2138:
2129:
2120:
2118:Neonosemoidiidae
2111:
2102:
2093:
2084:
2082:Cylindrosporidae
2075:
2066:
2057:
2048:
2039:
2030:
2017:
2008:
1999:
1997:Metchnikovellida
1990:
1977:
1968:
1959:
1948:
1939:
1921:
1912:
1901:
1899:Morellosporaceae
1892:
1890:Mitosporidiaceae
1883:
1872:
1863:
1717:Cylindrosporidae
1537:Neonosemoidiidae
1479:Metchnikovellida
1458:
1454:
1453:
1444:
1435:
1426:
1415:
1406:
1397:
1384:
1382:Metchnikovellida
1375:
1364:
1355:
1346:
1146:
1126:
1106:
1086:
1062:
1028:
1021:
1004:Nucleophagaceae
997:
967:
960:
909:
904:Morellosporales
901:
894:
861:
851:
843:
686:. These include
680:microsporidiosis
671:
668:
650:
643:
639:Microsporidiosis
617:Microsporidia MB
584:Coquillett, and
581:Culex salinarius
487:a thin internal
405:
365:microsporidiosis
307:
301:
295:
289:
283:
277:
276:Microsporidiida
271:
219:Metchnikovellida
167:
76:
75:
48:
36:
5686:
5685:
5679:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5674:
5673:
5649:
5648:
5647:
5642:
5634:
5629:
5621:
5616:
5608:
5603:
5595:
5590:
5582:
5577:
5569:
5564:
5556:
5551:
5543:
5538:
5530:
5525:
5517:
5515:
5507:
5502:
5493:
5492:
5487:
5478:
5477:
5472:
5459:
5449:
5444:
5437:
5419:
5400:Xenacoelomorpha
5358:
5340:
5282:
5221:
5170:
5161:Paramoebidiidae
5156:Ichthyophonidae
5134:
5099:
5063:
5046:
5007:Kickxellomycota
4987:Chytridiomycota
4969:
4949:
4919:Aphelidiomycota
4911:Aphelidiomyceta
4878:
4864:
4833:
4810:
4795:Pleistophoridae
4772:
4752:
4743:Striatosporidae
4719:Cougourdellidae
4689:
4680:Amphiacanthidae
4665:Metchnikovellea
4655:
4651:Chytridiopsidae
4624:Chytridiopsidea
4616:
4601:
4585:
4581:Nucleophagaceae
4569:
4553:Morellosporales
4542:
4521:
4485:
4453:
4408:
4373:Cristidiscoidea
4365:
4356:
4355:
4271:
4249:
4240:
4235:
4175:
4170:
4169:
4153:1854/LU-8754813
4125:
4124:
4120:
4113:
4098:
4097:
4093:
4049:
4048:
4044:
4008:
4007:
4003:
3966:Current Biology
3959:
3958:
3954:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3796:Eukaryotic Cell
3789:
3788:
3784:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3703:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3675:
3674:
3670:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3603:
3598:
3597:
3590:
3546:
3545:
3538:
3500:
3499:
3492:
3482:
3413:
3412:
3408:
3398:
3345:
3344:
3337:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3141:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3011:
3010:
3006:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2849:
2845:
2838:. Paris: Doin,
2833:
2829:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2788:Wayback Machine
2776:
2769:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2735:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2675:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2660:
2653:
2641:
2637:
2615:
2614:
2607:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2557:
2553:
2542:C. R. Acad. Sci
2535:
2534:
2530:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2446:
2331:Pleistophoridae
2145:Striatosporidae
2073:Cougourdellidae
2006:Amphiacanthidae
1988:Metchnikovellea
1975:Chytridiopsidae
1930:Chytridiopsidea
1919:Nucleophagaceae
1881:Morellosporales
1831:Ovavesiculoidea
1799:Culicosporoidea
1739:Amblyosporoidea
1711:Striatosporidae
1585:Chytridiopsidae
1507:Cougourdellidae
1485:Amphiacanthidae
1473:Metchnikovellea
1404:Pleistophoridea
1373:Metchnikovellea
1276:
1270:
1265:
1256:
1247:
1238:
1229:
1220:
1211:
1202:
1193:
1184:
1175:
1066:Metchnikovellea
1049:
1032:Chytridiopsidea
1000:Nucleophagales
984:
947:
938:
878:
864:Rozellomycetes
837:
812:
762:
698:
672:
666:
663:
656:needs expansion
641:
635:
599:Vavraia culicis
559:
524:
505:
489:plasma membrane
435:
320:are a group of
214:Metchnikovellea
197:Chytridiopsidea
187:Morellosporales
166:
70:
57:
32:
17:
16:Phylum of fungi
12:
11:
5:
5684:
5683:
5680:
5672:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5651:
5650:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5640:
5627:
5614:
5601:
5588:
5575:
5562:
5549:
5536:
5523:
5513:
5500:
5485:
5469:
5467:
5461:
5460:
5455:
5446:
5445:
5436:
5433:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5376:
5374:
5368:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5354:Salpingoecidae
5350:
5348:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5333:
5331:Stephanoecidae
5327:
5325:
5316:
5307:
5298:
5292:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5264:
5262:
5253:
5244:
5237:
5231:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5219:
5217:Syssomonadidae
5214:
5208:
5206:
5199:
5197:Corallochytrea
5190:
5184:
5183:
5180:
5179:
5176:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5142:
5140:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5132:
5130:Psorospermidae
5127:
5122:
5116:
5114:
5113:Sphaeroformina
5107:
5105:Ichthyophonida
5101:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5091:
5089:
5080:
5071:
5070:Ichthyosporida
5064:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4973:
4971:
4963:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4941:
4939:
4930:
4921:
4912:
4908:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4884:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4876:
4875:Ovavesiculidae
4872:
4870:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4859:
4854:
4851:
4848:
4845:
4841:
4839:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4828:
4825:
4822:
4818:
4816:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4808:
4805:
4802:
4799:
4796:
4793:
4790:
4787:
4784:
4783:Facilisporidae
4780:
4778:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4770:
4767:
4764:
4763:Amblyosporidae
4760:
4758:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4747:
4744:
4741:
4738:
4735:
4732:
4729:
4726:
4723:
4720:
4717:
4714:
4711:
4707:
4701:
4695:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4682:
4676:
4674:
4667:
4661:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4637:
4635:
4633:Chytridiopsida
4626:
4617:
4614:
4607:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4599:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4577:
4575:
4574:Nucleophagales
4571:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4556:
4554:
4543:
4538:
4531:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4513:
4511:
4502:
4501:Rozellomycetes
4495:
4486:
4483:
4473:
4467:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4440:
4438:
4431:
4424:
4418:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4400:
4398:
4389:
4382:
4375:
4366:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4349:
4346:Mesomycetozoea
4343:
4338:
4328:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4282:Diaphoretickes
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4226:
4219:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4194:
4188:
4187:at Wikispecies
4174:
4173:External links
4171:
4168:
4167:
4118:
4111:
4091:
4042:
4001:
3972:(21): 1675–9.
3952:
3917:
3866:
3831:
3782:
3753:(4): 953–994.
3733:
3691:
3668:
3655:(8): 642–659.
3635:
3588:
3559:(4): evac053.
3536:
3509:(3): 309–312.
3490:
3406:
3335:
3280:
3241:(2187): 2187.
3213:
3154:
3139:
3113:
3066:
3053:Culex tarsalis
3039:
3004:
2969:
2918:
2859:
2843:
2827:
2792:
2767:
2740:
2733:
2713:
2663:
2651:
2635:
2605:
2564:
2551:
2528:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2460:
2452:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2419:
2410:
2401:
2392:
2383:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2354:
2345:
2336:
2327:
2318:
2309:
2300:
2295:Facilisporidae
2282:
2281:
2280:
2275:Ovavesiculidae
2262:
2261:
2260:
2251:
2242:
2233:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2204:
2195:
2190:Amblyosporidae
2177:
2168:
2159:
2150:
2141:
2132:
2123:
2114:
2105:
2096:
2087:
2078:
2069:
2060:
2051:
2042:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2011:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1971:
1957:Chytridiopsida
1953:
1952:
1951:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1910:Nucleophagales
1906:
1905:
1904:
1895:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1839:
1837:Ovavesiculidae
1827:
1826:
1825:
1819:
1813:
1807:
1805:Culicosporidae
1795:
1794:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1745:Amblyosporidae
1735:
1734:
1733:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1681:Thelohanioidea
1665:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1579:Chytridiopsida
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1513:Facilisporidae
1509:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1487:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1438:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1413:Pleistophorida
1391:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1344:Rudimicrospora
1269:
1268:Classification
1266:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1132:Amblyosporida
1129:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1112:Ovavesiculida
1109:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1081:Microsporidea
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1038:Chytridiopsida
1034:
1026:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1001:
995:
993:
990:
989:
986:
985:
981:
980:
977:
976:
971:
965:
963:
958:
956:
953:
952:
949:
948:
944:
943:
940:
939:
935:
934:
931:
930:
925:
922:
921:
918:
917:
912:
907:
905:
899:
897:
892:
890:
884:
883:
880:
879:
875:
874:
871:
870:
865:
859:
857:
849:
847:
846:Rozellomyceta
841:
836:
833:
811:
808:
778:ribosomal RNAs
761:
758:
697:
694:
674:
673:
653:
651:
637:Main article:
634:
631:
622:An. arabiensis
593:Culex tarsalis
558:
555:
523:
520:
508:polar filament
492:
491:
485:
475:
434:
431:
410:incertae sedis
406:Balbiani, 1884
403:Microsporidium
313:
312:
311:
310:
304:
298:
294:Microsporidea
292:
286:
282:Cnidosporidia
280:
274:
272:Balbiani, 1882
270:Microsporidia
265:
264:
258:
257:
256:
255:
254:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
223:
222:
221:
211:
210:
209:
207:Chytridiopsida
204:
194:
192:Nucleophagales
189:
184:
176:
175:
171:
170:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
108:
101:
100:
95:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
64:
63:
50:
49:
41:
40:
39:Microsporidia
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5682:
5681:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5659:Microsporidia
5657:
5656:
5654:
5637:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5619:
5615:
5611:
5606:
5602:
5598:
5593:
5589:
5585:
5580:
5576:
5572:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5554:
5550:
5546:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5528:
5524:
5520:
5514:
5510:
5509:Microsporidia
5505:
5501:
5496:
5495:Microsporidia
5490:
5486:
5481:
5475:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5465:Microsporidia
5462:
5458:
5453:
5441:
5434:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5373:
5369:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5343:
5337:
5336:Acanthoecidae
5334:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5324:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5293:
5279:
5278:Txikisporidae
5276:
5274:
5273:Ministeriidae
5271:
5269:
5268:Capsasporidae
5266:
5265:
5263:
5261:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5248:
5245:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5232:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5185:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5137:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5120:Creolimacidae
5118:
5117:
5115:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5102:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5088:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5078:Ichthyosporea
5075:
5072:
5068:
5065:
5062:
5057:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5037:Basidiomycota
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5027:Glomeromycota
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4964:
4946:
4945:Aphelidiaceae
4943:
4942:
4940:
4938:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4916:
4913:
4909:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4869:Ovavesiculida
4867:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4852:
4849:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4829:
4827:Neopereziidae
4826:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4813:
4807:Unikaryonidae
4806:
4803:
4801:Thelohaniidae
4800:
4797:
4794:
4791:
4788:
4785:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4775:
4768:
4766:Caudosporidae
4765:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4757:Amblyosporida
4755:
4749:Toxoglugeidae
4748:
4745:
4742:
4739:
4736:
4733:
4730:
4727:
4724:
4721:
4718:
4715:
4713:Burenelloidea
4712:
4709:
4708:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4662:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4641:Buxtehudeidae
4639:
4638:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4621:
4618:
4615:Microsporidia
4612:
4608:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4588:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4572:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4544:
4541:
4536:
4532:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4510:
4506:
4503:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4493:Rozellomycota
4490:
4487:
4484:Rozellomyceta
4481:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4450:
4449:Parvulariidae
4447:
4445:
4444:Fonticulaceae
4442:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4432:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4390:
4386:
4383:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4370:
4367:
4364:
4359:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4319:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4309:Stramenopiles
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4272:(major groups
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4252:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4232:
4227:
4225:
4220:
4218:
4213:
4212:
4209:
4202:
4198:
4197:Microsporidia
4195:
4192:
4189:
4186:
4185:Microsporidia
4181:
4177:
4176:
4172:
4163:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4138:(1): 53–453.
4137:
4133:
4129:
4122:
4119:
4114:
4112:9785020262249
4108:
4104:
4103:
4095:
4092:
4087:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4062:(4): 953–94.
4061:
4057:
4053:
4046:
4043:
4038:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4005:
4002:
3997:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3956:
3953:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3921:
3918:
3913:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3870:
3867:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3847:(3): 606–22.
3846:
3842:
3835:
3832:
3827:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3802:(6): 1363–9.
3801:
3797:
3793:
3786:
3783:
3778:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3737:
3734:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3714:(1): 93–116.
3713:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3692:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3672:
3669:
3663:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3639:
3636:
3631:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3602:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3584:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3486:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3410:
3407:
3402:
3395:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3331:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3293:
3284:
3281:
3276:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3217:
3214:
3209:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3158:
3155:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3117:
3114:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3094:(3): 258–62.
3093:
3089:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3070:
3067:
3062:
3058:
3055:Coquillett".
3054:
3050:
3043:
3040:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3008:
3005:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2985:(3): 444–52.
2984:
2980:
2973:
2970:
2965:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2922:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2744:
2741:
2736:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2717:
2714:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2686:(5): 509–47.
2685:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2664:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2568:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2497:(1): 53–453.
2496:
2492:
2488:
2481:
2478:
2471:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2358:Unikaryonidae
2355:
2350:
2349:Thelohaniidae
2346:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2307:Thélohan 1892
2305:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2266:Ovavesiculida
2263:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2246:Neopereziidae
2243:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2199:Caudosporidae
2196:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2181:Amblyosporida
2178:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2163:Toxoglugeidae
2160:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2133:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2028:Microsporidea
2025:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1966:Buxtehudeidae
1963:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1844:
1843:Tetramicridae
1840:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1780:
1779:Caudosporidae
1776:
1774:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1725:Burenelloidea
1722:
1718:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1688:
1687:Thelohaniidae
1684:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1669:Dihaplophasea
1666:
1660:
1659:Unikaryonidae
1656:
1654:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1592:
1591:Buxtehudeidae
1588:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1562:
1561:Toxoglugeidae
1558:
1556:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1531:Nadelsporidae
1528:
1526:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1461:Alimov 2007
1459:
1456:
1455:
1443:
1442:Diplokaryotia
1439:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1416:Stempell 1906
1414:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1365:Sprague, 1972
1363:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1290:Schizomycetes
1287:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1267:
1260:
1259:
1251:
1250:
1242:
1241:
1233:
1232:
1224:
1223:
1215:
1214:
1206:
1205:
1197:
1196:
1188:
1187:
1179:
1178:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:Neopereziida
1088:
1087:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1016:
1015:Microsporidia
1013:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1005:
999:
998:
992:
991:
988:
987:
979:
978:
975:
969:
968:
962:
961:
955:
954:
951:
950:
942:
941:
933:
932:
929:
924:
923:
920:
919:
916:
911:
910:
903:
902:
896:
895:
889:
886:
885:
882:
881:
873:
872:
869:
863:
862:
856:
855:Rozellomycota
853:
852:
845:
844:
840:
834:
832:
830:
825:
821:
817:
809:
807:
805:
804:
799:
798:
793:
789:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
770:mitochondrial
767:
759:
757:
755:
754:
749:
745:
741:
740:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
718:hyperparasite
711:
707:
702:
695:
693:
691:
690:
685:
681:
670:
667:November 2013
661:
657:
654:This section
652:
649:
645:
644:
640:
632:
630:
628:
627:P. falciparum
624:
623:
618:
613:
612:
607:
606:
601:
600:
595:
594:
589:
588:
583:
582:
577:
576:
571:
566:
564:
556:
554:
552:
551:autoinfection
548:
544:
540:
537:
536:multinucleate
533:
528:
521:
519:
517:
513:
509:
503:
502:
497:
490:
486:
484:
481:, containing
480:
476:
474:
470:
469:
468:
465:
461:
459:
455:
451:
443:
439:
432:
428:
426:
421:
417:
413:
411:
404:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
380:
378:
374:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
327:
323:
319:
318:Microsporidia
306:Microsporida
305:
299:
293:
287:
281:
275:
269:
268:
266:
263:
259:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
241:Amblyosporida
239:
237:
236:Ovavesiculida
234:
232:
229:
228:
227:
226:Microsporidea
224:
220:
217:
216:
215:
212:
208:
205:
203:
200:
199:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
179:
177:
172:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
154:Rozellomyceta
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
126:
125:
122:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
74:
69:
65:
62:
61:
55:
51:
47:
42:
37:
34:
30:
29:Microsporidae
26:
22:
5664:Fungus phyla
5464:
5405:Ambulacraria
5323:Acanthoecida
5260:Ministeriida
5243:Filasterozoa
5146:Amoebidiidae
5139:Trichomycina
5087:Dermocystida
5022:Mucoromycota
4970:(True Fungi)
4937:Aphelidiales
4861:Ordosporidae
4824:Janacekiidae
4815:Neopereziida
4731:Microfilidae
4728:Golbergiidae
4725:Duboscqiidae
4710:Abelsporidae
4539:
4404:Nucleariidae
4331:Opisthokonta
4238:Opisthokonta
4135:
4131:
4121:
4101:
4094:
4059:
4055:
4045:
4018:
4014:
4004:
3969:
3965:
3955:
3930:
3926:
3920:
3883:
3879:
3869:
3844:
3840:
3834:
3799:
3795:
3785:
3750:
3746:
3736:
3711:
3707:
3694:
3685:
3681:
3671:
3652:
3648:
3638:
3611:
3607:
3556:
3552:
3506:
3502:
3435:
3431:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3409:
3367:
3363:
3360:(Teleostei)"
3357:
3353:
3349:
3301:
3297:
3291:
3283:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3224:
3216:
3174:(3): e4676.
3171:
3167:
3157:
3122:
3116:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3077:
3069:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3020:(2): 152–7.
3017:
3013:
3007:
2982:
2978:
2972:
2935:
2931:
2921:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2870:
2862:
2851:
2846:
2835:
2830:
2808:(1): 61–76.
2805:
2801:
2795:
2779:
2756:(12): 1422.
2753:
2749:
2743:
2723:
2716:
2683:
2679:
2666:
2643:
2638:
2621:
2617:
2584:(1): 37–58.
2581:
2577:
2567:
2559:
2554:
2545:
2541:
2531:
2494:
2490:
2480:
2462:
2454:
2423:Ordosporidae
2381:Voronin 1989
2361:Sprague 1977
2334:Doflein 1901
2249:Voronin 1999
2237:Berwaldiidae
2228:Janacekiidae
2219:Neopereziida
2211:Sprague 1977
2166:Voronin 1993
2139:Sprague 1977
2109:Microfilidae
2100:Golbergiidae
2094:Sprague 1977
2091:Duboscqiidae
2076:Poisson 1953
2067:Sprague 1977
2055:Burenellidae
2046:Areosporidae
2040:Azevedo 1987
2037:Abelsporidae
2009:Larsson 2000
1969:Larsson 1980
1922:Corsaro 2022
1913:Corsaro 2022
1902:Corsaro 2022
1893:Corsaro 2022
1884:Corsaro 2022
1873:Corsaro 2022
1864:Corsaro 2022
1829:Superfamily
1817:Golbergiidae
1797:Superfamily
1761:Nosematoidea
1759:Superfamily
1737:Superfamily
1731:Burenellidae
1723:Superfamily
1699:Janacekiidae
1693:Duboscqiidae
1679:Superfamily
1653:Microfilidae
1641:Abelsporidae
1543:Ordosporidae
1395:Polaroplasta
1385:Vivier, 1975
1376:Weiser, 1977
1337:
1333:
1330:
1314:parabasalids
1279:
1277:
1164:
1151:
1131:
1111:
1091:
1070:
1036:
1014:
1003:
973:
927:
914:
867:
838:
813:
801:
795:
790:
763:
751:
747:
743:
737:
715:
705:
687:
677:
664:
660:adding to it
655:
626:
620:
616:
609:
603:
597:
591:
585:
579:
573:
570:transovarial
567:
560:
529:
525:
515:
511:
507:
499:
498:, forming a
493:
488:
478:
472:
466:
462:
450:mitochondria
447:
441:
423:
402:
400:
381:
369:
317:
316:
288:Microsporea
284:Doflein 190?
231:Neopereziida
163:
150:Subkingdom:
127:
121:Opisthokonta
117:(unranked):
104:
91:
58:
33:
5489:Wikispecies
5440:Wikispecies
5415:Protostomia
5188:Pluriformea
5151:Eccrinaceae
4857:Nosematidae
4853:Mrazekiidae
4798:Spragueidae
4789:Myosporidae
4746:Telomyxidae
4699:Microsporea
4437:Fonticulida
4422:Fonticulida
4396:Nucleariida
4388:Nuclearidea
3426:Boops boops
3298:PLOS Pathog
3231:mosquitoes"
3063:(1): 24–27.
2514:10481/76378
2464:Nosema apis
2414:Nosematidae
2405:Mrazekiidae
2340:Spragueidae
2313:Myosporidae
2202:Weiser 1958
2193:Weiser 1977
2154:Telomyxidae
2000:Vivier 1977
1960:Weiser 1974
1940:Weiser 1977
1823:Spragueidae
1791:Mrazekiidae
1767:Nosematidae
1573:Haplophasea
1555:Telomyxidae
1525:Myosporidae
1501:Microsporea
1433:Unikaryotia
1362:Minisporida
1318:archamoebae
1310:diplomonads
1165:Nosematida
868:Rozellales
753:Boops boops
730:vertebrates
724:(parasitic
512:polaroplast
501:diplokaryon
357:crustaceans
326:unicellular
300:Microspora
278:Labbé, 1899
21:Microsporum
5653:Categories
5385:Ctenophora
5346:Craspedida
5251:Filasterea
5042:Ascomycota
4838:Nosematida
4804:Tuzetiidae
4792:Pereziidae
4769:Gurleyidae
4517:Rozellidae
4430:Fonticulea
4381:Nuclearida
4363:Holomycota
4132:Mycosphere
3688:: 749–776.
3608:Mycosphere
2548:: 1168–71.
2491:Mycosphere
2472:References
2417:Labbe 1899
2372:Labbé 1899
2369:Nosematida
2322:Pereziidae
2208:Gurleyidae
2172:Tuzetiidae
1932:Issi 1980
1705:Pereziidae
1647:Tuzetiidae
1629:Gurleyidae
1353:Minisporea
1302:Cnidospora
829:DNA repair
824:DNA damage
810:DNA repair
782:eukaryotes
539:plasmodium
532:sporoplasm
433:Morphology
388:eukaryotes
345:Coleoptera
333:protozoans
251:Nosematida
168:Benny 2007
134:Holomycota
54:Sporoblast
25:Microspora
5296:Choanozoa
4928:Aphelidea
4786:Glugeidae
4716:Burkeidae
4646:Hesseidae
4509:Rozellida
4326:Amoebozoa
4304:Alveolata
4292:Cryptista
4267:Eukaryota
4162:249054641
3933:: 103–9.
3630:2077-7019
3478:246443154
3452:1776-1042
2802:Acta Trop
2523:249054641
2304:Glugeidae
2289:Issi 1986
2103:Issi 1986
2064:Burkeidae
1946:Hesseidae
1667:Subclass
1623:Glugeidae
1609:Hesseidae
1603:Burkeidae
1571:Subclass
1440:Subclass
1431:Subclass
1393:Subphyla
1342:Subphyla
1322:protozoan
1152:Glugeida
835:Phylogeny
726:flatworms
722:digeneans
684:pathogens
522:Infection
479:endospore
454:mitosomes
412:members.
329:parasites
324:-forming
140:Kingdom:
85:Eukaryota
5579:MycoBank
5566:Fungorum
5516:BioLib:
5474:Wikidata
5410:Chordata
5395:Cnidaria
5390:Placozoa
5380:Porifera
4967:Eumycota
4777:Glugeida
4321:Amorphea
4299:Rhizaria
4287:Hacrobia
4277:Excavata
4262:Bacteria
4037:16004372
3996:18976912
3947:16626896
3912:17010206
3861:15923129
3826:15590811
3728:12142484
3583:35439302
3531:24504235
3523:23445243
3470:35103588
3432:Parasite
3394:25174849
3364:Parasite
3330:23133373
3275:32366903
3208:19277119
3168:PLOS ONE
3149:19289199
2964:17394631
2913:24934702
2881:Parasite
2875:Diporeia
2822:15777637
2784:Archived
2700:17572334
2444:See also
2286:Glugeida
1937:Hesseida
1617:Glugeida
1424:Disporea
1326:Archezoa
1308:such as
1306:Protozoa
1294:bacteria
786:bacteria
734:molluscs
710:digenean
633:Clinical
473:exospore
458:flagella
427:stephani
337:protists
262:Synonyms
246:Glugeida
202:Hesseida
98:Amorphea
81:Domain:
5545:5006395
5480:Q132652
5235:Filozoa
5125:Piridae
5061:Holozoa
4336:Animals
4257:Archaea
4086:8302218
3987:2654606
3903:1599754
3777:8302218
3574:9053307
3461:8805611
3385:4150386
3321:3486916
3266:7198529
3243:Bibcode
3199:2651578
3176:Bibcode
3108:9538031
2955:1853083
2904:4059264
2708:4686378
2600:6989987
2421:Family
2412:Family
2403:Family
2394:Family
2385:Family
2376:Family
2356:Family
2347:Family
2338:Family
2329:Family
2320:Family
2311:Family
2302:Family
2293:Family
2273:Family
2253:Family
2244:Family
2235:Family
2226:Family
2206:Family
2197:Family
2188:Family
2170:Family
2161:Family
2152:Family
2143:Family
2134:Family
2125:Family
2116:Family
2107:Family
2098:Family
2089:Family
2080:Family
2071:Family
2062:Family
2053:Family
2044:Family
2035:Family
2013:Family
2004:Family
1973:Family
1964:Family
1944:Family
1917:Family
1897:Family
1888:Family
1868:Family
1841:Family
1835:Family
1821:Family
1815:Family
1809:Family
1803:Family
1789:Family
1783:Family
1777:Family
1771:Family
1765:Family
1743:Family
1729:Family
1715:Family
1709:Family
1703:Family
1697:Family
1691:Family
1685:Family
1657:Family
1651:Family
1645:Family
1639:Family
1633:Family
1627:Family
1621:Family
1607:Family
1601:Family
1595:Family
1589:Family
1583:Family
1565:Family
1559:Family
1553:Family
1547:Family
1541:Family
1535:Family
1529:Family
1523:Family
1517:Family
1511:Family
1505:Family
1489:Family
1483:Family
1324:-group
1320:in the
766:genomes
760:Genomes
543:asexual
516:vacuole
396:genomes
392:mammals
353:insects
160:Class:
5636:391932
5623:212611
5558:1MICRP
5532:533339
4314:Plants
4251:Domain
4203:(MeSH)
4160:
4109:
4084:
4077:372943
4074:
4035:
3994:
3984:
3945:
3910:
3900:
3886:: 74.
3859:
3824:
3817:539024
3814:
3775:
3768:372943
3765:
3726:
3628:
3581:
3571:
3529:
3521:
3476:
3468:
3458:
3450:
3392:
3382:
3370:: 44.
3328:
3318:
3273:
3263:
3206:
3196:
3147:
3137:
3106:
3034:536610
3032:
2999:536933
2997:
2962:
2952:
2938:: 48.
2911:
2901:
2887:: 26.
2820:
2731:
2706:
2698:
2598:
2521:
2456:Glugea
2367:Order
2284:Order
2264:Order
2217:Order
2179:Order
2026:Class
1995:Order
1986:Class
1955:Order
1935:Order
1928:Class
1908:Order
1879:Order
1859:Order
1753:Order
1673:Order
1615:Order
1577:Order
1499:Class
1477:Order
1471:Class
1422:Class
1411:Order
1402:Class
1380:Order
1371:Class
1360:Order
1351:Class
1298:yeasts
1286:Nägeli
1281:Nosema
739:Nosema
496:nuclei
483:chitin
425:Glugea
420:Xenoma
384:spores
377:xenoma
111:Obazoa
5631:WoRMS
5610:16113
5584:99056
5571:99056
5519:14791
4471:Fungi
4341:Fungi
4158:S2CID
3704:(PDF)
3604:(PDF)
3527:S2CID
3474:S2CID
2790:2004.
2704:S2CID
2676:(PDF)
2519:S2CID
774:Golgi
349:hosts
341:fungi
322:spore
144:Fungi
128:Clade
105:Clade
92:Clade
5597:6029
5592:NCBI
5553:EPPO
5527:BOLD
4107:ISBN
4082:PMID
4033:PMID
3992:PMID
3943:PMID
3927:Gene
3908:PMID
3857:PMID
3822:PMID
3773:PMID
3724:PMID
3626:ISSN
3579:PMID
3519:PMID
3466:PMID
3448:ISSN
3390:PMID
3326:PMID
3271:PMID
3204:PMID
3145:PMID
3135:ISBN
3104:PMID
3051:and
3030:PMID
2995:PMID
2960:PMID
2909:PMID
2818:PMID
2729:ISBN
2696:PMID
2596:PMID
1316:and
1296:and
820:Rad1
816:Rad9
814:The
800:and
772:and
732:and
361:fish
359:and
5540:EoL
5504:AFD
4148:hdl
4140:doi
4072:PMC
4064:doi
4023:doi
3982:PMC
3974:doi
3935:doi
3931:375
3898:PMC
3888:doi
3849:doi
3812:PMC
3804:doi
3763:PMC
3755:doi
3716:doi
3657:doi
3616:doi
3569:PMC
3561:doi
3511:doi
3456:PMC
3440:doi
3380:PMC
3372:doi
3316:PMC
3306:doi
3261:PMC
3251:doi
3194:PMC
3184:doi
3127:doi
3096:doi
3022:doi
2987:doi
2950:PMC
2940:doi
2899:PMC
2889:doi
2810:doi
2758:doi
2754:105
2688:doi
2684:111
2626:doi
2586:doi
2509:hdl
2499:doi
662:.
335:or
5655::
5633::
5620::
5607::
5594::
5581::
5568::
5555::
5542::
5529::
5506::
5491::
5476::
4156:.
4146:.
4136:13
4134:.
4130:.
4080:.
4070:.
4060:57
4058:.
4054:.
4031:.
4019:52
4017:.
4013:.
3990:.
3980:.
3970:18
3968:.
3964:.
3941:.
3929:.
3906:.
3896:.
3882:.
3878:.
3855:.
3845:36
3843:.
3820:.
3810:.
3798:.
3794:.
3771:.
3761:.
3751:57
3749:.
3745:.
3722:.
3712:56
3710:.
3706:.
3686:15
3684:.
3680:.
3653:38
3651:.
3647:.
3624:.
3612:11
3610:.
3606:.
3591:^
3577:.
3567:.
3557:14
3555:.
3551:.
3539:^
3525:.
3517:.
3507:60
3505:.
3493:^
3472:.
3464:.
3454:.
3446:.
3436:29
3434:.
3430:.
3388:.
3378:.
3368:21
3366:.
3362:.
3338:^
3324:.
3314:.
3300:.
3296:.
3269:.
3259:.
3249:.
3239:11
3237:.
3233:.
3202:.
3192:.
3182:.
3170:.
3166:.
3143:.
3133:.
3102:.
3092:71
3090:.
3086:.
3061:57
3059:.
3028:.
3018:34
3016:.
2993:.
2983:26
2981:.
2958:.
2948:.
2934:.
2930:.
2907:.
2897:.
2885:21
2883:.
2879:.
2816:.
2806:94
2804:.
2770:^
2752:.
2702:.
2694:.
2682:.
2678:.
2654:^
2622:10
2620:.
2608:^
2594:.
2582:27
2580:.
2576:.
2546:95
2544:.
2540:.
2517:.
2507:.
2495:13
2493:.
2489:.
1312:,
788:.
692:.
518:.
460:.
398:.
379:.
367:.
130::
107::
94::
56:of
5442:.
4348:)
4230:e
4223:t
4216:v
4164:.
4150::
4142::
4115:.
4088:.
4066::
4039:.
4025::
3998:.
3976::
3949:.
3937::
3914:.
3890::
3884:6
3863:.
3851::
3828:.
3806::
3800:3
3779:.
3757::
3730:.
3718::
3665:.
3659::
3632:.
3618::
3585:.
3563::
3533:.
3513::
3480:.
3442::
3396:.
3374::
3332:.
3308::
3302:8
3277:.
3253::
3245::
3210:.
3186::
3178::
3172:4
3151:.
3129::
3110:.
3098::
3076:"
3036:.
3024::
3001:.
2989::
2966:.
2942::
2936:7
2915:.
2891::
2857:.
2841:.
2824:.
2812::
2764:.
2760::
2737:.
2710:.
2690::
2649:.
2632:.
2628::
2602:.
2588::
2525:.
2511::
2501::
818:-
669:)
665:(
31:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
