790:
argued that in entrepreneurial firms, the prospect of failure is ever present, resembling nonroutine situations in high-risk settings. They found that the firms of distrusting entrepreneurs were more likely to survive than the firms of optimistic or overconfident entrepreneurs, because the distrusting entrepreneurs would emphasize failure avoidance through sensible task selection, and more analysis. Kets de Vries has pointed out that distrusting entrepreneurs are more alert about their external environment. Thus, distrusting entrepreneurs are less likely to discount negative events, and are more likely to engage control mechanisms. Thus, according to
Gudmundsson and Lechner distrust leads to higher precaution and therefore increases chances of entrepreneurial firm survival.
71:
66:
38:
765:(DHT) were measured. The results of this experiment suggest men and women respond to distrust physiologically differently; a heightened level of the hormone DHT in men is associated with distrust. However, more research is needed in order to accurately state the correlation between the amount of DHT present in males and responses to distrust.
773:
It has been argued that by supporting healthy suspicion and vigilance, distrust does not always have detrimental consequences and can be related to positive outcomes. It has been shown to increase the speed and performance of individuals and groups at certain tasks. It has been empirically shown that
789:
and nuclear powerplants has related distrust to failure avoidance. When nonroutine strategies are needed, distrusting persons perform better, while when routine strategies are needed trusting persons perform better. This research was extended to entrepreneurial firms by
Gudmundsson and Lechner. They
760:
explain how economists are attempting to understand why humans trust or distrust others by recording physiological measurements during trust experiments. Economists conducted an experiment observing distrust through a trust game. Subjects were asked to anonymously donate various amounts of money to
1059:
Teach, R.D., Schwartz, R.G., & Tarpley, F.A. (1989). The recognition and exploitation of opportunity in the software industry: a study of surviving firms. Frontiers of
Entrepreneurship Research. Wellesley, MA: Babson College,
964:
Lowry, Paul
Benjamin; Justin Scott Giboney; Ryan Schuetzler; Jacob Richardson; Tom Gregory; John Romney; Bonnie Anderson (5–8 January 2009). "The Value of Distrust in Computer-Based Decision-Making Groups".
670:
the system itself, or gain bad faith advantage through it—if they do they are easily caught by the others. Much mistrust does exist between parties, and it is exactly this which motivates putting in place a
687:
which in effect say "we do not trust that person". It also tends to rely on a strict etiquette—distrusting each person's habits to signal their intent, and instead relying on a global standard for
761:
other anonymous subjects with no guarantee of receiving money in return. Various conditions were run of the experiment and after each decision, subjects' levels of the hormone
749:
lies strictly with the receiving part of the system, not that which sent the original information. Applying this principle inside one program is called contract-based design.
1050:
GUDMUNDSSON, S.V. and LECHNER, C. (2013) Cognitive Biases, Organization, and
Entrepreneurial Firm Survival. European Management Journal, 31(3), 278-294
737:
uses a more formal idea of distrust itself. Different parts of a system are not supposed to "trust" each other but rather perform specific assertions,
598:
1090:
Lewicki, R., McAllister, D., & Bies, R. (1998). Trust and distrust: New relationships and realities. Academy of
Management Review, 23, 438 – 458.
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distrust increases performance in nonroutine (creative, unstructured) tasks while decreasing performance in routine (cooperative, structured) tasks.
1081:
Davis, J. H., Schoorman, F. D., & Donaldson, L. (1997). Toward a stewardship theory of management. Academy of
Management Review, 22, 20-47.
742:
1113:
1027:
Burns, C., Mearns, K. & McGeorge, P. (2006). Explicit and
Implicit Trust Within Safety Culture. Risk Analysis, 26(5), 1139-1150.
1036:
Schul, Y., Mayo, R., & Burnstein, E. (2008). The Value of
Distrust. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 1293–1302.
112:
709:. The fact that they rarely or never do so in most American companies is a sign that the distrust relationship has broken down—
1132:
591:
1137:
913:
738:
107:
1014:
Conchie, S. M. & Donald, I. J. (2007). The functions and development of safety-specific trust and distrust.
584:
911:
Kramer, Roderick M. (1999). "TRUST AND DISTRUST IN ORGANIZATIONS: Emerging
Perspectives, Enduring Questions".
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805:
117:
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96:
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31:
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81:
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684:
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91:
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893:
800:
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647:
534:
449:
439:
379:
284:
249:
101:
49:
997:
922:
883:
875:
734:
659:
564:
539:
484:
479:
680:
615:
359:
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are the inevitable result. It is precisely to avoid such larger crises of trust in "the
1147:
1015:
786:
757:
701:, but is empowered to investigate them, challenge them, and otherwise act on behalf of
469:
264:
1126:
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relies on distrust insofar as the board is not to trust the reports it receives from
672:
509:
339:
294:
259:
209:
1072:
Kets de Vries, M. (2003). The entrepreneur on the couch. INSEAD Quarterly, 5, 17-19.
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184:
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702:
389:
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Mistrust: Why Losing Faith in Institutions Provides the Tools to Transform Them
1001:
879:
830:
825:
706:
698:
494:
419:
309:
219:
149:
144:
934:
861:"The Neuroeconomics of Distrust: Sex Differences in Behavior and Physiology"
688:
544:
514:
434:
414:
384:
364:
344:
244:
224:
179:
159:
154:
70:
65:
37:
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as a division or balance of powers, or in politics as means of validating
459:
409:
399:
319:
229:
17:
888:
810:
663:
529:
504:
499:
489:
304:
269:
239:
214:
199:
189:
174:
57:
859:
Zak, Paul J.; Karla Borja; William T. Matzner; Robert Kurzban (2005).
718:
635:
631:
474:
369:
254:
194:
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Schul, Y.; Mayo, R.; Burnstein, E. (2008). "The value of distrust".
746:
627:
619:
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464:
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169:
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852:
721:" that formal distrust measures are put in place to begin with.
623:
454:
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329:
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43rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
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inevitably is based on distrust, but not on mistrust. Parties
404:
204:
1046:
1044:
1042:
41:
Aboriginal women showing distrust of the photographer
638:terms. Systems based on distrust simply divide the
1068:
1066:
745:. Once these are passed, the responsibility for
592:
8:
666:in the system, but they do not compete to
599:
585:
44:
990:Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
887:
36:
848:
777:Research on high-risk settings such as
56:
7:
679:for instance, which applies between
650:" refers specifically to distrust.
25:
622:too much in a situation of grave
69:
64:
27:Lack of interpersonal confidence
1108:. W. W. Norton & Company.
927:10.1146/annurev.psych.50.1.569
691:in sensitive social settings.
630:. It is commonly expressed in
1:
868:The American Economic Review
914:Annual Review of Psychology
1164:
1002:10.1016/j.jesp.2008.05.003
880:10.1257/000282805774669709
683:, relies on such means as
29:
646:can operate. The phrase "
1104:Ethan Zuckerman (2021).
654:In systems of government
30:For the video game, see
806:Cynicism (contemporary)
614:is a formal way of not
97:Emotional intelligence
42:
1133:Reputation management
753:Neurochemical studies
40:
32:Distrust (video game)
769:Sociological studies
695:Corporate governance
300:Emotional Detachment
836:Suspicion (emotion)
785:, medical surgery,
763:dihydrotestosterone
725:In computer science
711:accounting scandals
677:Diplomatic protocol
644:checks and balances
1138:Concepts in ethics
783:investment banking
685:formal disapproval
43:
801:Conscientiousness
787:aircraft piloting
715:accounting reform
648:trust, but verify
609:
608:
535:Social connection
16:(Redirected from
1155:
1119:
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996:(5): 1293–1302.
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735:computer science
660:electoral system
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45:
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1098:Further reading
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108:Self-regulation
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1143:Accountability
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1115:978-1324002604
1114:
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1016:Safety Science
1007:
980:
956:
921:(1): 569–598.
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758:Neuroeconomics
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733:as defined in
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713:and calls for
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640:responsibility
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265:Disappointment
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87:Classification
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779:oil platforms
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724:
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675:of distrust.
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673:formal system
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510:Schadenfreude
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340:Gratification
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318:
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295:Embarrassment
293:
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260:Determination
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210:Belongingness
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118:Dysregulation
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113:Interpersonal
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19:
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1055:
1032:
1023:
1010:
993:
989:
983:
966:
959:
918:
912:
906:
874:(2): 360–3.
871:
867:
776:
772:
756:
728:
703:shareholders
693:
657:
611:
610:
274:
185:Anticipation
889:10983/26303
821:Neuroticism
816:Misanthropy
743:validations
390:Humiliation
335:Frustration
235:Contentment
1127:Categories
843:References
831:Skepticism
826:Resentment
699:management
495:Resentment
420:Loneliness
310:Enthusiasm
250:Depression
220:Confidence
150:Admiration
145:Acceptance
92:In animals
935:0066-4308
689:behaviour
555:Suspicion
545:Suffering
515:Self-pity
480:Rejection
435:Nostalgia
415:Limerence
385:Hostility
365:Happiness
345:Gratitude
290:Elevation
245:Curiosity
225:Confusion
180:Annoyance
160:Amusement
155:Affection
1060:383–397.
951:14616152
943:15012464
898:29125276
794:See also
739:requests
731:protocol
707:managers
642:so that
626:or deep
618:any one
616:trusting
612:Distrust
550:Surprise
460:Pleasure
410:Kindness
400:Jealousy
395:Interest
320:Euphoria
275:Distrust
230:Contempt
137:Emotions
58:Emotions
50:a series
48:Part of
18:Mistrust
975:1487345
811:Disgust
668:subvert
664:compete
530:Shyness
505:Saudade
500:Sadness
490:Remorse
450:Passion
440:Outrage
305:Empathy
285:Ecstasy
270:Disgust
240:Courage
215:Boredom
200:Arousal
190:Anxiety
175:Anguish
125:Valence
1112:
973:
949:
941:
933:
896:
747:errors
719:system
681:states
636:treaty
632:civics
565:Wonder
540:Sorrow
485:Relief
475:Regret
380:Horror
370:Hatred
255:Desire
195:Apathy
82:Affect
1148:Doubt
947:S2CID
864:(PDF)
628:doubt
620:party
570:Worry
560:Trust
525:Shock
520:Shame
465:Pride
445:Panic
360:Guilt
355:Grief
350:Greed
325:Faith
280:Doubt
170:Angst
165:Anger
1110:ISBN
971:SSRN
939:PMID
931:ISSN
894:PMID
741:and
705:vs.
624:risk
470:Rage
455:Pity
430:Lust
425:Love
375:Hope
330:Fear
315:Envy
102:Mood
998:doi
923:doi
884:hdl
876:doi
658:An
405:Joy
205:Awe
1129::
1065:^
1041:^
994:44
992:.
969:.
945:.
937:.
929:.
919:50
917:.
892:.
882:.
872:95
870:.
866:.
851:^
781:,
729:A
52:on
1118:.
1004:.
1000::
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953:.
925::
900:.
886::
878::
600:e
593:t
586:v
34:.
20:)
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