20:
784:
785:"Daniel Biebuyck: Lega culture: art, initiation, and moral philosophy among a central African people, xxiii, 269 pp., front., 43 plates. Berkeley, etc.: University of California Press, [1973]. $ 20. (English agents: IBEG Ltd. ÂŁ9.50.)"
640:
1187:
1214:
1188:"Sud-Kivu : "Pour qu'il y ait rétablissement de la paix entre Baraka et Bibokoboko, c'est très evident d'intégrer les femmes dans des dialogues sur la cohabitation pacifique" (Émérite Tabisha Mongelwa)"
355:
In April 2010, two civilians were reportedly robbed and seriously wounded by gunfire by armed groups in Mukera
Kasonge, a town 30 kilometers north of Fizi-center, according to the sector chief of Mutambala.
51:
378:
were allegedly stolen following the clashes between
Twigwaneho and MaĂŻ-MaĂŻ Ebuela in the Mulima region, 90 km west of Baraka, in the middle plateaus of the Mutambala sector, South Kivu.
340:, these armed groups have provoked a rebuttal in the leadership of other ethnic communities. Thus, each community, for its safety, has preferred to have its own armed group: Mai-Mai Malaika (
297:
36:
364:
371:) military position in Lubishako near the Nganda forest in the Fizi territory in South Kivu. Three people were reported dead, and the attackers raped the soldiers’ wives.
421:
ranges from 21 °C to 24 °C to 54 °C, with maximum daily temperatures increasing, eventually during the dry season: 30 °C and 32 °C in
September.
1222:
1162:
855:
592:
1137:
447:
306:
264:
164:
constitutes another important source of income in the sector. It is practiced in Lake
Tanganyika in traditional fishing (small canoes, hooks, small nets) and
1112:
382:
109:
472:
329:
953:
760:
200:
were established in the region, which on several occasions was incorporated by the colonial administration in the territories of Fizi or
86:), including the Basimukindja groupings (in the center), the Batombwe groupings (in the south), and the Babwari groupings (in the east).
1043:
989:
839:
617:
576:
63:
1059:
1009:
397:
and promote peaceful coexistence in the middle plateaux of
Bibogobogo. During the launch of this consultation framework, the
309:
as well as
Zairian civilians in Atanga, Baraka, Alùndja, Banyalinga, Alùlo, and Alèlè villages in the Mutambala sector. The
1087:
263:. Parenthetically, the region hosted a second wave of immigrants following the displacement of Burundians in 1976–77. The
731:
457:
1246:
l'impact de l'orpaillage artisanal sur les conditions de vie socio-Ă©conomiques de la population du territoire de Fizi
1215:"Sud-Kivu : les maires des nouvelles villes d'Uvira et Kamituga installés ce week-end, celui de Baraka ce lundi"
318:
902:
425:
varies between 900 and 1200 mm depending on the location but still presents significant irregularities. The
418:
32:
929:
607:
1265:
1138:"Sud-Kivu : 600 vaches volées lors des affrontements entre Twigwaneho et Maï-Maï Ebuela à Mutambala"
901:
Verweijen, Judith; Twaibu, Juvénal; Ribakare, Moïse; Bulamba, Paul; Kasongo, Freddy Mwambi (April 2021).
394:
168:(motorized canoes, fishing nets). Although fishing is a significant activity in the sector, there is no
1270:
97:
641:"Cows and guns. Cattle-related conflict and armed violence in Fizi and Itombwe, eastern DR Congo*"
849:
812:
670:
586:
101:
1039:
835:
804:
662:
613:
572:
217:
165:
903:"Mayhem In The Mountains: How Violent Conflict on The Hauts Pleateux of South Kivu Escalated"
954:"The Burundi Killings of 1972 | Sciences Po Mass Violence and Resistance - Research Network"
796:
652:
497:
452:
398:
302:
292:
260:
201:
169:
24:
977:
442:
385:, called on the local community of Baraka to live in cohesion with the other community of
288:
284:
145:
67:
832:
Lies of the Tutsi in
Eastern Congo/Zaire: A Case Study: South Kivu (Pre-Colonial to 2018)
569:
Lies of the Tutsi in
Eastern Congo/Zaire: A Case Study: South Kivu (Pre-Colonial to 2018)
295:
territories, the
Mutambala sector has a reputation as a stronghold of armed groups. The
345:
55:
761:"Les grandes lignes des migrations des Bantus de la province orientale du Congo belge"
1259:
871:
Enjeux des conflits ethniques dans les hauts plateaux d'Itombwe au Sud - Kivu (ZaĂŻre)
816:
528:. Indiana University: Research Committee for African Area Studies. 1990. p. 101.
430:
422:
390:
213:
209:
885:
Official
Records of the ... Session of the General Assembly Supplement: Issues 12-16
691:
674:
406:
402:
337:
272:
248:
197:
181:
153:
79:
28:
1163:"Sud-Kivu : les communautés de Mutambala et de Baraka appelées à la cohésion"
225:
75:
1113:"RDC: trois morts lors des affrontements entre FARDC et MaĂŻ-MaĂŻ Yakutumba Ă Fizi"
1060:"The CNPSC Rebellion: Social Marginalization and State Complicity in South Kivu"
539:
349:
232:
205:
89:
1036:
Ethnic Politics and State Power in Africa: The Logic of the Coup-Civil War Trap
336:, Ngumino, Twigwaneho and Red-Tabara. Reputed mono-ethnic and populated by the
172:; men and women are involved in commercializing or selling fish in the market.
92:
is a significant economic activity in the region; it is revenue-generating for
19:
800:
657:
426:
386:
341:
59:
808:
666:
389:
in the middle plateaux of the Mutambala sector. The ceremony was held at the
1248:(in French). Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo: TFC ISDR. p. 13.
462:
157:
239:
towards Itombwe. The region experienced another influx of immigrants from
502:
487:
482:
189:
121:
887:. Iowa City, Iowa, United States: University of Iowa. 1978. p. 30.
467:
360:
314:
240:
221:
185:
161:
117:
105:
71:
1038:. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. p. 249.
873:(in French). Tervuren, Belgium: Institut Africain CEDAF. pp. 6–7.
540:"Carte géographique de la zone évaluée: (Liévain Bahavu/OCHA Bukavu)"
492:
477:
375:
317:
of Mutambala were for a long time the scrub of the head of the AFDL,
310:
305:’s regime on May 17, 1997. The insurgency conducted mass killings of
149:
141:
137:
93:
990:"First Congo War - Attacks against Tutsi and Banyamulenge civilians"
609:
Waves Against the Rock: Beyond Negativity to Resilience and Strength
231:
In the mid-twentieth century, the region housed many cattle-herding
324:
In recent years, there has been an abundance of armed groups: FRF (
268:
256:
244:
193:
129:
301:(AFDL) took off from Fizi in October 1996 to overthrow President
252:
236:
133:
125:
113:
352:), Mai-Mai Yalinda (Bembe); the armed group Ebuhali (Bembe).
298:
Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo
104:
through SOCODEFI, an agricultural organization that sells
930:"IRC begins resettling 1972 Burundians in U.S. - Burundi"
344:), Mai-Mai Yakutumba (Bembe); Mai-Mai Biloze Bishambuke (
287:, Mutambala has been in the throes of conflict. Like the
82:
of 777 km 2. The sector consists of five groupings (
978:
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/4187935/file/6805667
409:
met in Baraka, five months after the Bibogobogo crisis.
381:
On March 8, 2022, Emerite Tabisha, the deputy mayor of
271:
government organized the influx of immigrants from the
789:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
686:
684:
369:
Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo
212:
and small lineages established within the area. The
259:-dominated army and government after the advent of
78:, and in the south by the Ngandja sector. It has a
719:. Southern African Freedom Foundation. p. 50.
639:Verweijen, Judith; Brabant, Justine (March 2017).
216:later established Mutambala as a sector alongside
433:and in the mountains; it only lasts two months.
334:Rassemblement Congolais pour la DĂ©mocratie-Goma)
54:that constitutes one of the four sectors in the
1010:"RDC : persistance de l'insécurité à Fizi"
730:Cosma, Wilungula B.; Vellut, Jean-Luc (1997).
692:"Fizi Territory Democratic Republic of Congo"
448:Massacres of Hutus during the First Congo War
265:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
8:
1088:"Fizi: extosion et attaques armées à Mukera"
275:to the Fizi territory in Mutambala sector.
854:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
591:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
31:women in the Mutambala sector celebrating
656:
429:, in addition, lasts five months on the
18:
514:
348:and Nyindu); Mai-Mai Kibukila Mbilizi (
1034:Roessler, Philip (December 15, 2016).
847:
584:
896:
894:
645:The Journal of Modern African Studies
7:
571:. Bloomington, Indiana. p. 66.
520:
518:
204:. There were also a small number of
526:African Study Monographs, Volume 11
279:Security problems (1996 to present)
180:The Mutambala was inhabited by the
732:"Fizi 1967-1986: le maquis Kabila"
14:
1244:Jean-Paul, Mashaka Mussa (2000).
606:Okanya, Safi J. (July 13, 2017).
405:from the middle plateaux and the
326:Forces Republicaines Federalistes
1213:Jean-Luc M. (25 February 2019).
64:Democratic Republic of the Congo
830:Kapapi, John (March 28, 2019).
567:Kapapi, John (March 28, 2019).
214:Belgian colonial administration
196:way of life. Incidentally, the
235:, who have been leading their
160:. In addition to agriculture,
1:
783:Atkins, Guy (February 1975).
66:. Mutambala is situated near
1221:(in French). Archived from
458:DRC Mapping Exercise Report
62:in the eastern part of the
1287:
1194:(in French). 22 March 2023
37:2018 presidential election
801:10.1017/S0041977X00048023
715:Metrowich, F. R. (1979).
658:10.1017/S0022278X16000823
33:Emmanuel Ramazani Shadary
834:. Bloomington, Indiana.
759:Moeller, Alfred (1936).
374:On August 12, 2020, 600
1169:(in French). 2022-03-08
1144:(in French). 2020-08-12
1119:(in French). 2015-03-24
1094:(in French). 2010-04-28
1016:(in French). 2017-12-26
739:Institut Africain CEDAF
612:. Xlibris Corporation.
96:. It is geared towards
717:African Freedom Annual
696:www.helprapevictim.org
393:to bring together all
208:, Babwari, Babuyu and
74:, in the north by the
40:
363:Yakutumba attacked a
319:Laurent Désiré Kabila
70:, in the west by the
22:
1067:Congo Research Group
423:Annual precipitation
419:average temperature
359:On March 23, 2015,
243:in 1972 during the
100:but also generates
60:South Kivu Province
869:Muchukiwa, Bosco.
192:as an essentially
170:industrial fishing
41:
958:www.sciencespo.fr
166:artisanal fishing
23:A large crowd of
16:Sector in the DRC
1278:
1250:
1249:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
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1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
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910:whiterose.ac.uk/
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582:
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555:
554:
544:
536:
530:
529:
522:
453:Second Congo War
261:Michel Micombero
255:populace by the
184:, who practiced
98:self-sufficiency
76:Tangani'a sector
1286:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1228:
1226:
1225:on 28 June 2022
1219:La Prunelle RDC
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1069:. February 2019
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443:First Congo War
439:
415:
285:First Congo War
281:
224:, Ngandja, and
178:
68:Lake Tanganyika
17:
12:
11:
5:
1284:
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280:
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247:, a series of
245:Great Calamity
190:food-gathering
177:
174:
72:Lulenge sector
56:Fizi Territory
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1283:
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1269:
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1266:Kivu conflict
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934:reliefweb.int
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431:coastal plain
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395:social strata
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391:Lumumba arena
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338:Banyamulenges
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307:Hutu refugees
304:
300:
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294:
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266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
249:mass killings
246:
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26:
21:
1245:
1239:
1227:. Retrieved
1223:the original
1218:
1208:
1196:. Retrieved
1191:
1182:
1171:. Retrieved
1166:
1157:
1146:. Retrieved
1141:
1132:
1121:. Retrieved
1116:
1107:
1096:. Retrieved
1091:
1082:
1071:. Retrieved
1066:
1054:
1035:
1029:
1018:. Retrieved
1013:
1004:
993:. Retrieved
984:
973:
962:. Retrieved
960:. 2019-04-15
957:
948:
937:. Retrieved
933:
924:
913:. Retrieved
909:
884:
879:
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864:
831:
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792:
788:
778:
767:. Retrieved
754:
743:. Retrieved
738:
725:
716:
710:
699:. Retrieved
695:
648:
644:
634:
623:. Retrieved
608:
601:
568:
562:
551:. Retrieved
547:ehtools.org/
546:
534:
525:
416:
403:Banyamulenge
380:
373:
368:
358:
354:
333:
325:
323:
296:
282:
273:Ruzizi Plain
251:against the
230:
198:Bembe people
182:Mbuti people
179:
154:sweet potato
88:
83:
80:surface area
47:
43:
42:
1192:FiziNews 24
1167:Radio Okapi
1142:Radio Okapi
1117:Radio Okapi
1092:Radio Okapi
1014:Radio Okapi
741:(in French)
651:(1): 1–27.
383:Baraka City
233:Banyarwanda
90:Agriculture
84:groupements
1271:South Kivu
1260:Categories
1173:2023-04-28
1148:2023-04-18
1123:2023-04-18
1098:2023-04-18
1073:2023-04-18
1020:2023-04-18
995:2023-04-18
964:2023-04-18
939:2023-04-18
915:2023-04-18
795:(1): 227.
769:2023-04-18
745:2023-04-18
701:2023-04-18
625:2023-04-18
553:2023-04-18
509:References
427:dry season
387:Bibogobogo
342:Bangubangu
283:Since the
114:food crops
850:cite book
817:162855697
809:1474-0699
667:0022-278X
587:cite book
463:Kamanyola
226:Tangani’a
158:sugarcane
48:M'tambala
44:Mutambala
39:campaign.
1229:10 April
675:64607292
503:Katogota
488:Mutarule
483:Luberizi
437:See also
330:RCD-Goma
315:plateaus
267:and the
122:palm oil
116:include
112:. Local
1198:11 June
468:Luvungi
413:Climate
407:Babembe
399:Babwari
361:Mai-Mai
346:Fuliiru
311:forests
269:Zairean
241:Burundi
222:Lulenge
218:Itombwe
194:nomadic
186:hunting
176:History
162:fishing
118:cassava
106:cassava
94:farmers
58:of the
50:) is a
29:Babembe
25:Babwari
1042:
838:
815:
807:
673:
665:
616:
575:
549:. 2019
498:Kasika
493:Kiliba
478:Lemera
401:, the
303:Mobutu
293:Mwenga
210:Nyindu
202:Mwenga
150:peanut
142:tomato
138:banana
110:Baraka
102:profit
52:sector
1063:(PDF)
906:(PDF)
813:S2CID
764:(PDF)
735:(PDF)
671:S2CID
543:(PDF)
473:Sange
365:FARDC
289:Uvira
257:Tutsi
237:herds
134:beans
130:maize
1231:2023
1200:2023
1040:ISBN
856:link
836:ISBN
805:ISSN
663:ISSN
614:ISBN
593:link
573:ISBN
417:The
376:cows
350:Lega
313:and
291:and
253:Hutu
206:Lega
188:and
156:and
126:rice
46:(or
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