454:
140:
235:
719:
reassurances that were made were lived up to. Two examples are most commonly cited: the insistence of Indian and
Northern Affairs' representatives that the Naskapi live in row houses that, in the event, proved not to be adequately soundproofed and that had a variety of other faults; and the fact that the brochure prepared by Indian and Northern Affairs showed a fully landscaped site with trees and bushes, whereas no landscaping was done, and no trees or bushes were ever planted.
681:, near the railroad station, with scavenged and donated materials. A short time later, in 1957, under the pretext that the water at Pearce Lake was contaminated, the municipal authorities moved them to a site adjacent to John Lake, some four miles (6 km) north-north-east of Schefferville, where they lived without benefit of water sewage, or electricity, and where, despite their hopes in coming to Schefferville, there was no school for their children and no medical facility.
496:(270 in total, it has since increased to over 2,000). The previous census in 1935 only counted Innu in David Inlet. Some surnames listed in the census including Rich, Michimagaua, Mishimapu and Pokue. Most Innu in Labrador did not have surnames until after confederation in 1949. None of the Innu lived in modern houses but instead camped in tents near North West River, Nain and Davis Inlet (all Inuit settlements) during the summer.
715:
among the
Naskapi centred on the type of housing that they would receive. Possibly for financial reasons, Indian and Northern Affairs wanted them to live in row houses, whereas the Naskapi had a strong preference for detached, single-family residences. In the event, Council was persuaded to accept row housing, but it did so only on the condition that the houses were adequately sound-proofed, which turned out not to be the case.
31:
515:, or at Fort Chimo where that river changes its name to the Eskimo word 'Kohsoak'. The Fort Chimo band numbered only about 25 tents at the time of our visit in 1948. The men spend their time lying around the post, and the women and children pick berries on the barrens within a three-mile radius. As the vicinity of Fort Chimo is not duck nesting habitat, they do no damage to waterfowl.
1210:
616:, where they had already lived between 1916 and 1948, and to return to an economy based substantially on hunting, fishing and commercial trapping. They could no longer be entirely self-sufficient, however, and the high cost of resupplying them, combined with the continuing high incidence of tuberculosis and other factors, obliged them to return to
897:), a spirit often accompanied by actual moose-flies, who would sting people during salmon-fishing season in the summer. Humans had to obey the Moose-Fly spirit's commands, including a taboo around making fun of fish for having extra-large eyes. Salmon was a vital resource for the Naskapi, so the Moose-Fly's commands carried great weight.
450:". The Naskapi came under the influence of Protestant missionaries, and remain Protestant to this day. In addition to their native tongue, they speak English, in contrast to their Montagnais cousins who are for the most part Roman Catholic, speaking the native language and French. The Montagnais are far more numerous than the Naskapi.
922:, located approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) northeast of Schefferville. The village covers an area of approximately 40 acres (16 ha) and is situated on 16 square miles (41 km) of Category IA-N land. There is ample room for expansion, whether for residential, commercial, or industrial purposes.
837:
evaluation of Canada's discharging of its responsibilities under the NEQA. The evaluation was motivated more by the change in the circumstances of
Schefferville and of the Naskapi than by any belief on the part of the Naskapi that Canada had wilfully neglected any of its responsibilities under the NEQA.
925:
The vast majority of the residents of
Kawawachikamach are Naskapi. Naskapi is their principal language. It is spoken by all of them and written by many. English is their second language, although many younger persons also speak some French. The Naskapi still preserve many aspects of their traditional
836:
The closing of the mines at
Schefferville had profound implications for the implementation of the NEQA, particularly for those provisions dealing with health and social services and with training and job-creation. Consequently, in the late 1980s, the NNK and the Government of Canada undertook a joint
845:
The outcome of those negotiations was the
Agreement Respecting the Implementation of the Northeastern Quebec Agreement ("ARINEQA"), which was executed in September 1990. Among other things, the ARINEQA established the model for funding capital and O&M expenditures over five-year periods, created
769:
Thus, although the
Naskapi had never filed a formal statement of claim or similar document, except for a draft history prepared by the late Alan Cooke, the parties to the JBNQA accepted the legitimacy of their claims, and they entered into an agreement-in-principle with the Naskapi in the Spring of
929:
Kawawachikamach is linked to
Schefferville by a gravel-surfaced all-season road. Rail transportation is available on a weekly basis between Schefferville, Wabush and Labrador City, and Sept-Îles. The train is equipped to transport passengers and freight, including large vehicles, gasoline and fuel
714:
For the first time in their lengthy history of relocations, the
Naskapi were consulted in the planning of their new home. Indian and Northern Affairs sent officials to explain the new community to the Naskapi, a brochure was published, models built, and progress reports issued. Particular interest
577:
relocated the
Naskapi from post to post purely for its own commercial purposes, and without any concern as to whether the areas where the posts were situated offered the Naskapi the possibility of harvesting the fish and game that they required for food as well as the fur-bearers that the Company
476:
in Winter, into their seasonal round of subsistence activities, for the simple reason that the distribution of marten was in large measure different from the distribution of essential sources of food at that season. In consequence, the Naskapi did not prove to be the regular and diligent trappers
765:
The signatories of the JBNQA were fully aware that it provided for the extinguishment of the Naskapi' Aboriginal rights in the Territory without granting them any compensatory rights or benefits. They also knew that the Naskapi, unlike certain others of Quebec's First Nations at that time, were
722:
Incidents like those may seem very minor to persons with long experience of large and impersonal institutions such as government departments, but they happened to the Naskapi when they were in a very formative stage of their relations with Indian and Northern Affairs and when they had still not
718:
Perhaps because it was the first such process in which they had been involved, the Naskapi placed considerable faith in the consultation undertaken by Indian and Northern Affairs. It is a source of considerable bitterness even today that, in the minds of many Naskapi, not all of the promises or
1211:"Aboriginal Ancestry Responses (73), Single and Multiple Aboriginal Responses (4), Residence on or off reserve (3), Residence inside or outside Inuit Nunangat (7), Age (8A) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data"
761:
Shortly before the signing of the JBNQA, realizing that the demands on the Inuit were too great to allow them to represent the interests of the Naskapi in addition to their own interests, the Naskapi negotiators retained their own non-Native advisors and started to function as an independent
578:
sought. In several instances, individual managers, apparently dissatisfied with the Naskapi' seeming lack of commitment to trapping withheld from them the ammunition that they needed to hunt for food, thereby directly causing a considerable number of deaths from starvation.
345:, in Quebec, and the less numerous Naskapi who live farther north. The Innu themselves recognize several distinctions (e.g. Mushuau Innuat, Maskuanu Innut, Uashau Innuat) based on different regional affiliations and various dialects of the Innu language.
723:
forgotten their callous treatment by the Hudson's Bay Company. It should not come as a surprise, therefore, that these matters are still spoken of frequently today and that they maintain very considerable importance and significance for many Naskapi.
348:
The word "Naskapi" (meaning "people beyond the horizon") first made an appearance in the 17th century and was subsequently applied to Innu groups beyond the reach of missionary influence, most notably those living in the lands which bordered
926:
way of life and culture. Like many northern communities, the Naskapi rely on subsistence hunting, fishing, and trapping for a large part of their food supply and for many raw materials. Harvesting is at the heart of Naskapi spirituality.
785:
Between 1978 and 1980, technical and socio-economic studies of the potential sites for the permanent Naskapi community were carried out. On 31 January 1980, the Naskapi voted overwhelmingly to relocate to the present site of
846:
a Dispute Resolution Mechanism for disputes arising from the interpretation, administration, and implementation of the NEQA, the JBNQA, and the ARINEQA, and created a working group to address employment for Naskapi.
811:
957:, which inhibited the ability of the Mushuau Innu to continue their traditional caribou hunt on the mainland. Therefore, they were relocated in the winter of 2002/2003 to their new main settlement
918:, is a First Nation in with a population of approximately 850 registered First Nations people, who are also beneficiaries of the Northeastern Quebec Agreement ("NEQA"). The majority reside in
825:
The NEQA had been negotiated under the assumption that Schefferville would continue to be an active centre of mining, outfitting, and exploration for the foreseeable future. Inquiries by the
754:
The Naskapi entered into a contract with the NQIA, under which the latter was to provide logistical support, legal advice, and representation to a small team of Naskapi negotiators based in
593:
The Naskapi had received relief from the Federal Government as early as the end of the 19th century, but their first regular contacts with the Federal Government began only in 1949, when
369:. The Naskapi language and culture is quite different from the Montagnais, in which the dialect changes from y to n as in "Iiyuu" versus "Innu". Some of the families of Naskapi Nation of
586:
By the late 1940s, the pressures of the fur trade, high rates of mortality and debilitation from diseases communicated by Europeans, and the effects of the virtual disappearance of the
461:
The years 1831 onwards were characterized by the first regular contacts between the Naskapi and western society, when the Hudson's Bay Company established its first trading post at Old
414:
referred to the "Ounackkapiouek", but little is known about the group to which Richard was referring, other than that they were one of many "small nations" situated somewhere north of
930:
oil, and refrigerated goods. Schefferville, which has a 5,000-foot (1,500 m) paved landing strip, is connected to points south by means of year-round, five-day-per-week service.
651:
to Schefferville and may even have instigated that move, they appear to have done little or nothing to prepare for their arrival there, not even by warning the representatives of the
640:, while the other believes that the Naskapi themselves decided to move in the hope of finding employment, housing, medical assistance, and educational facilities for their children.
1764:
818:
were transferred to the NNK and to the James Bay Cree bands, to be exercised by their elected councils. The NNK and the James Bay Cree bands were also given powers not found in the
707:. By 1972, 43 row-housing units had been built there for the Naskapi, and a further 63 for Montagnais, and most of the Naskapi and Montagnais moved to this new site, known today as
703:
In 1969, Indian and Northern Affairs acquired from the reluctant Municipality of Schefferville, a marshy, 39-acre (160,000 m) site north of the town centre and adjacent to
418:. The word "Naskapi" appeared for the first time in 1733, at which time the group so described was said to number approximately forty families and to have an important camp at
790:, built largely by Naskapi between 1980 and 1983. The planning and building gave Naskapi training and experience in administration and in construction and maintenance trades.
1325:
399:
1787:
1250:
893:
Due to their geographic isolation, the Naskapi were initially less affected by missionaries than other groups. One primary spiritual influence was "Moose-Fly" (
833:("IOCC") in the late 1970s had confirmed that assumption. Nevertheless, IOCC announced in 1982 its intention to close the mines at Schefferville immediately.
793:
Between 1981 and 1984, the self-government legislation promised by Canada in Section 7 of the NEQA was negotiated. The outcome of those negotiations was the
365:. Mushuau Innuat (plural), while related to the Naskapi, split off from the tribe in the 20th century and were subject to a government relocation program at
636:
in 1956. Two principal schools of thought about this move exist. One of them holds that the Naskapi were induced, if not ordered, to move by officials of
1757:
751:("NQIA"), the Naskapi decided to become involved in the negotiations leading to the signature of the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement ("JBNQA").
534:
Between 1831 and 1956, the Naskapi were subjected to several major relocations, all of which reflected not their needs nor interests, but those of the
1986:
1904:
677:
A successful rescue effort was mounted, but the only homes that awaited the Naskapi were the shacks that they built for themselves on the edge of
477:
that the traders must have hoped to find, and the traders seem to have attributed this fact to laziness or intransigence on the part of Naskapi.
1706:
950:
1750:
1511:
958:
1628:
1791:
674:, some 70 miles (113 km) north of Schefferville, most of them were in a pitiable state, exhausted, ill, and close to starvation.
305:
1321:
1720:
1258:
748:
114:
1981:
1548:
1658:
770:
1977 to negotiate an agreement that would have the same principal features as the JBNQA. The result of the negotiations was the
966:
758:. That arrangement was not very successful (how?), however, and the JBNQA was signed on 11 November 1975, without the Naskapi.
485:
1303:
1592:
1474:
52:
1702:
453:
398:
1680:
1991:
1506:. Frederick B. Henry (First Paperback printing ed.). Princeton Oxford: Princeton University Press. pp. 127–129.
861:
Schefferville Airport Corporation - Runway Maintenance (with Naskapi Development Corp./Montagnais of Matimekosh/Lac John )
771:
242:
1773:
692:
644:
637:
139:
95:
985:, very few (if any) are able to write in syllabics any more. The majority of the people are Catholic, which use the
777:
Section 20 of the NEQA offered the Naskapi the possibility of relocating from the Matimekosh Reserve to a new site.
67:
830:
740:
652:
430:'s post at Eastmain, reported being told that there were Indians, whom he called "Annes-carps" to the northeast of
1737:
794:
484:) the total Innu population in Labrador (consisting of both Montagnais and Naskapi) was 100 in Davis Inlet, 33 in
41:
942:
938:
854:
The Naskapi are now developing their homeland, notably through economic development and community reinforcement.
248:
173:
587:
481:
252:
74:
48:
1588:
1898:
1877:
919:
787:
574:
535:
469:
427:
411:
370:
323:
1142:
Explorations in the interior of the Labrador peninsula, the country of the Montagnais and Nasquapee Indians
1128:
Explorations in the interior of the Labrador peninsula, the country of the Montagnais and Nasquapee Indians
1093:
Explorations in the interior of the Labrador peninsula, the country of the Montagnais and Nasquapee Indians
1070:
Explorations in the interior of the Labrador peninsula, the country of the Montagnais and Nasquapee Indians
1042:
Explorations in the interior of the Labrador peninsula, the country of the Montagnais and Nasquapee Indians
602:
511:...are very few in number and spend the summer at the posts on the Atlantic coast, at Fort McKenzie on the
443:
978:
962:
801:
342:
81:
594:
378:
1528:
1281:
472:
was not an easy one. It was difficult for the Naskapi to integrate commercial trapping, especially of
973:; ethnically they are Naskapi, speaking the Eastern Dialect (Mushuau Innu or Davis Inlet variety) of
826:
731:
A pivotal event in the history of the Naskapi occurred in early 1975, when, after separate visits to
685:
423:
695:
had built 30 houses for them, and a further four were under construction at a cost of $ 5,000 each.
684:
The Naskapi shared the site at John Lake with a group of Montagnais, who had moved voluntarily from
63:
1795:
613:
555:
543:
504:
403:
671:
598:
1636:
954:
704:
678:
612:
In the early 1950s, the Naskapi made a partially successful effort to re-establish themselves at
1606:
447:
1507:
439:
309:
884:
Caribou Hunting and Fishing Operations (TUKTU- Hunting/Fishing Club/Naskapi Management Serv.)
873:
Enterprise, Resource, Planning, and Management Software (Naskapi Imuun Inc. (Naskapi Nation))
1976:
1530:
Conscious Choice of Convenience: The Relocation of the Mushuau Innu of Davis Inlet, Labrador
1168:
974:
804:
largely self-governing. In addition to the powers then exercised by band councils under the
489:
278:
190:
186:
17:
1488:
1923:
1910:
194:
1433:
691:
Initially, the Naskapi lived in tiny shacks that they built for themselves, but by 1962
1861:
1358:
993:
864:
James Bay TransTaiga Road Maintenance (with Naskapi Adoshouana Services/NDC subsidiary)
419:
1563:
1408:
1383:
1970:
1851:
736:
732:
667:
656:
633:
567:
431:
88:
1346:
357:
communities of northern Quebec and northern Labrador. The Naskapi are traditionally
315:
land'), which was located in present day northern Quebec and Labrador, neighbouring
1803:
744:
206:
1846:
628:
For reasons that are not entirely clear, virtually all of the Naskapi moved from
1816:
986:
881:
Commercialization of Caribou (Naskapi Caribou Meat Company/Nunavik Arctic Foods)
512:
493:
366:
362:
219:
30:
1742:
507:
populations, a Canadian biologist reported that the Naskapi at that location:
410:
The earliest written reference to Naskapi appears around 1643, when the Jesuit
1504:
The new science of the enchanted universe: an anthropology of most of humanity
806:
708:
663:
648:
629:
617:
606:
561:
549:
462:
382:
350:
290:
590:
had reduced the Naskapi to a state where their very survival was threatened.
1821:
870:
Menihek Power Dam and Facilities (with Kawawachikamach Energy Services Inc.)
822:, powers normally exercised by non-Native municipalities throughout Canada.
415:
334:
313:
910:
Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach (the "Nation"), originally known as the
867:
Naskapi Typonomy Project (with Naskapi Adoshouana Services/NDC subsidiary)
1882:
1841:
982:
755:
688:
to Schefferville with the completion of the railroad in the early 1950s.
500:
435:
1158:
Library of aboriginal American literature: The Lenâpé and their legends.
1121:
Labrador: a sketch of its people, its industries and its natural history
1084:
Labrador: a sketch of its people, its industries and its natural history
1077:
Labrador: a sketch of its people, its industries and its natural history
1035:
Labrador: a sketch of its people, its industries and its natural history
1021:
Labrador: a sketch of its people, its industries and its natural history
1811:
358:
316:
1304:"A New Home and a Fresh Beginning for the Mushuau Innu of Davis Inlet"
1777:
812:
Minister of the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development
473:
169:
165:
1489:"Moose Fly in Alaska's Species, Alaska Department of Fish and Game"
1462:. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA: The Stackpole Company. p. 42.
1190:
Notes of a twenty-five years' service in the Hudson's Bay territory
1028:
Notes of a twenty-five years' service in the Hudson's Bay territory
1836:
989:
647:
were certainly aware of the intention of the Naskapi to move from
452:
397:
354:
442:". Not many years later, in 1790, the Periodical Accounts of the
1831:
1826:
1434:"1935 CENSUS - DAVIS INLET to TUNUNGAJOAKUK - LABRADOR DISTRICT"
996:, Reservation: Natuashish #2, ca. 44 km², Population: 936)
969:. Natuashish located on the mainland is only 15 km west of
374:
320:
223:
1746:
810:, most of the powers that had until then been exercised by the
800:
The overriding purpose of the CNQA was to make the NNK and the
797:("CNQA"), which was assented to by Parliament on 14 June 1984.
1659:"Natuashish: Struggling with the hangovers of old Davis Inlet"
766:
willing to negotiate a settlement of their Aboriginal claims.
24:
1723:. Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada. 26 September 2019.
434:. In later years those Indians came to be called variously "
138:
961:(pronounced: 'Nat-wah-sheesh'), about 295 km north of
1549:"Davis Inlet in Crisis: Will the lessons ever be learned?"
1176:
Massachusetts Historical Society Collection (First series)
1183:
L'Amérique Septentoinale, ou se remarquent les États Unis
457:
Naskapi women, wearing woolen and deerskin clothing, 1908
1359:"1945 Census - DAVIS INLET (Indian) - LABRADOR DISTRICT"
341:
by French people) who live along the north shore of the
333:
Innu people are frequently divided into two groups, the
1460:
High Tide and an East Wind: The Story of the Black Duck
522:
High Tide and an East Wind: The Story of the Black Duck
1629:"The Innu of Labrador: From Davis Inlet to Natuashish"
666:
on foot to make the 400-mile (640 km) journey to
145:
Flag of the Kawawachikamach Band of the Naskapi Nation
992:(which does not use syllabics) and therefore use the
632:
to the recently founded iron-ore mining community of
446:
described a group of Indians living west of Okak as "
1409:"1945 Census - NORTH WEST RIVER - LABRADOR DISTRICT"
1239:. Kawawachikamach, Quebec: Naskapi Development Corp.
597:, Superintendent of Welfare Services in Ottawa, and
1946:
1932:
1920:
1891:
1870:
1802:
1681:"Labrador Innu leaders pocketing band money: audit"
1589:"Mushuau Innu First Nation Band Order SOR/2002-415"
1135:
Partie orientale de la Nouvelle France ou de Canada
286:
274:
262:
213:
200:
180:
159:
149:
55:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1609:. Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada. Nov 2007
1165:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
1151:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
1384:"1945 Census - NAIN (Indian) - LABRADOR DISTRICT"
774:("NEQA"), which was executed on 31 January 1978.
609:and arranged for the issuing of welfare to them.
573:Numerous cases have been documented in which the
1091:Nasquapicks—Cartwright (1774), quoted by Hind,
953:) on Iluikoyak Island located off the coast of
877:Sectors of Activity currently being developed:
509:
1758:
468:The relationship between the Naskapi and the
8:
1014:Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico
130:
1607:"Archived - Reserve Creation at Natuashish"
945:. In 1967 the Mushuau Innu were settled in
422:. At approximately the same time, in 1740,
22:Ethnic group of Quebec and Labrador, Canada
1929:
1765:
1751:
1743:
1475:"The enchanted worlds of Marshall Sahlins"
361:peoples, in contrast with the territorial
353:and the northern Labrador coast, near the
129:
1347:Montagnais and Naskapi | Encyclopedia.com
1100:11th Report, Bureau of American Ethnology
1068:Naskupis—Hocquart (1733) quoted by Hind,
1056:11th Report, Bureau of American Ethnology
1040:Naskapis—Hocquart (1733) quoted by Hind,
115:Learn how and when to remove this message
1536:(Master of Arts). St. Mary's University.
1905:James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement
1251:"Davis Inlet: Innu Community in Crisis"
1202:
1140:Cuneskapi—Laure (1731) quoted by Hind,
941:is located in the Canadian province of
912:“Naskapis de Schefferville Indian Band”
253:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
243:Canadian Aboriginal syllabic characters
1707:Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada
1322:"Natuashish votes to keep alcohol ban"
1167:, 409. (Philadelphia, 1855). From the
259:
1527:Powers, Timothy A. (22 August 1997).
304:(Nascapi, Naskapee, Nascapee) are an
7:
520:Bruce S. Wright, "The Forest Duck",
312:St'aschinuw (ᒋᑦ ᐊᔅᒋᓄᐤ, meaning 'our
160:Regions with significant populations
53:adding citations to reliable sources
1635:. December 14, 2004. Archived from
670:overland. By the time they reached
1556:Canadian Journal of Native Studies
1217:. Government of Canada. 2017-10-25
850:Economic and community development
306:Indigenous people of the Subarctic
14:
1328:from the original on Mar 28, 2010
1259:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
906:Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach
749:Northern Quebec Inuit Association
1987:First Nations in Atlantic Canada
655:("IOCC") or the municipality of
233:
29:
857:Economic Development Projects:
402:"Nascaupee" native American by
40:needs additional citations for
1235:MacKenzie, Marguerite (1994).
319:. They are closely related to
1:
1280:Fennell, Tom (Feb 15, 1993).
1000:Past name spelling variations
841:Northeastern Quebec Agreement
772:Northeastern Quebec Agreement
1562:(2): 187–209. Archived from
1107:The Standard Natural History
1063:The Standard Natural History
1049:The Standard Natural History
965:and 80 km southeast of
795:Cree-Naskapi (of Quebec) Act
373:have close relatives in the
1160:, 5:11 (Philadelphia, 1885)
1016:, 2:30. (Washington, 1910).
981:, but split up and sent to
693:Indian and Northern Affairs
645:Indian and Northern Affairs
638:Indian and Northern Affairs
480:In the 1945 census (in the
2008:
1502:Sahlins, Marshall (2023).
1324:. CBC News. Mar 26, 2010.
1174:Skoffie—writer c. 1799 in
1102:, 183. (Washington, 1894).
1058:, 183. (Washington, 1894).
831:Iron Ore Company of Canada
743:(of Quebec) ("GCCQ"), and
741:Grand Council of the Crees
653:Iron Ore Company of Canada
381:, on the eastern shore of
326:, who call their homeland
255: instead of syllabics.
15:
1784:
1458:Wright, Bruce S. (1954).
1114:Jesuit Relations for 1643
943:Newfoundland and Labrador
939:Mushuau Innu First Nation
934:Mushuau Innu First Nation
588:George River Caribou Herd
218:
205:
185:
174:Newfoundland and Labrador
164:
154:
137:
1892:Treaties and land claims
1683:. CBC News. Oct 26, 2005
1130:, 1:275. (London, 1863).
1109:, 6:148. (Boston, 1885).
1095:, 2:101. (London, 1863).
1065:, 6:149. (Boston, 1885).
1051:, 6:149. (Boston, 1885).
916:“Naskapi Band of Quebec”
560:1948 – Fort McKenzie to
548:1870 – Fort Nascopie to
538:. The major moves were:
482:Dominion of Newfoundland
1982:First Nations in Quebec
1899:Great Peace of Montreal
1878:Seven Nations of Canada
1738:Naskapi Nation Web Site
1721:"Registered Population"
1282:"Horror in Davis Inlet"
1192:, 2:53. (London, 1849).
1188:Ungava Indians—McLean,
1178:, 6:16. (Boston, 1800).
1163:Shoüdamunk—Gatschet in
1079:, 262. (Boston, 1884).
1072:, 2:96. (London, 1863).
1030:, 2:53. (London, 1849).
920:Kawawachikamach, Quebec
781:Move to Kawawachikamach
1804:Ethnolinguistic groups
1788:Northeastern Woodlands
1547:Press, Harold (1995).
1123:, 262, (Boston, 1884).
1086:, 262. (Boston, 1884).
1037:, 262. (Boston, 1884).
1023:, 262. (Boston, 1884).
979:Eastern Cree syllabics
963:Happy Valley-Goose Bay
643:Although officials of
620:after only two years.
527:
499:After a 1948 visit to
458:
407:
343:Gulf of Saint Lawrence
241:This article contains
143:
1921:Regional councils and
1703:"First Nation Detail"
1149:Scoffies—Gallatin in
1144:, 1:34 (London, 1863)
1116:, 38. (Québec, 1858).
901:Naskapi First Nations
624:Move to Schefferville
603:Abitibi Indian Agency
566:1956 – Fort Chimo to
554:1915 – Fort Chimo to
542:1842 – Fort Chimo to
456:
444:Moravian Missionaries
426:, the manager of the
401:
394:Post-European contact
214:Related ethnic groups
142:
1992:Algonquian ethnonyms
1883:Iroquois Confederacy
1709:. 26 September 2019.
1255:CBC Digital Archives
1119:Ounadcapis—Stearns,
1098:Ne né not—Turner in
1075:Nasquapees—Stearns,
1044:, 2. (London, 1863).
827:Government of Quebec
814:("DIAND") under the
802:James Bay Cree Bands
575:Hudson's Bay Company
536:Hudson's Bay Company
470:Hudson's Bay Company
428:Hudson's Bay Company
279:Naskapi Iyuw Iyimuun
49:improve this article
1871:Historical polities
1595:. 21 November 2002.
1473:Subin, Anna Della.
1215:www12.statcan.gc.ca
1181:Unescapis—La Tour,
1105:Neskaupe—Kingsley,
1082:Naspapees—Stearns,
1061:Naskopis—Kingsley,
1054:Naskopie—Turner in
1047:Naskapit—Kingsley,
1009:. (Augsburg, 1805).
727:James Bay Agreement
404:Frank Weston Benson
155:1,080 (2016 census)
134:
1774:Indigenous peoples
1661:. CBC. Feb 8, 2005
1156:Secoffee—Brinton,
1133:Ounescapi—Bellin,
1007:Charte von America
1005:Es-ko-piks—Walch,
955:Labrador Peninsula
762:negotiating body.
699:Move to Matimekosh
595:Colonel H.M. Jones
459:
408:
144:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1513:978-0-691-21593-8
1308:Cultural Survival
1171:, "Good Indians".
1126:Ounascapis—Hind,
1033:Nascupi—Stearns,
1026:Nascopie—McLean,
1019:Nascopi—Stearns,
1012:Nascapee—Hodges,
914:and later as the
662:The Naskapi left
513:Caniapiscau River
503:to measure local
310:historical region
298:
297:
249:rendering support
229:
228:
125:
124:
117:
99:
1999:
1947:Tribal Council 2
1933:Tribal Council 1
1930:
1786:Cultural areas:
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1438:ngb.chebucto.org
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1207:
1185:. (Paris, 1779).
1169:Beothuk language
983:Eastern Labrador
605:visited them in
525:
490:North West River
260:
237:
236:
150:Total population
135:
120:
113:
109:
106:
100:
98:
57:
33:
25:
18:Naskapi language
2007:
2006:
2002:
2001:
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1996:
1967:
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1942:
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1911:Paix des Braves
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1639:on Dec 17, 2004
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1237:Naskapi Lexicon
1234:
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1199:
1112:Ounachkapiouek—
1002:
977:and writing in
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788:Kawawachikamach
783:
739:, Grand Chief,
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420:Ashuanipi Lake
395:
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308:native to the
296:
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281:ᓇᔅᑲᐱ ᐃᔪᐤ ᐃᔨᒧᐅᓐ
276:
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1261:. 28 Jan 1993
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734:
733:Schefferville
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668:Schefferville
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657:Schefferville
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634:Schefferville
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614:Fort McKenzie
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568:Schefferville
565:
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556:Fort McKenzie
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544:Fort Nascopie
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60:Find sources:
54:
50:
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38:This article
36:
32:
27:
26:
19:
1856:
1715:
1697:
1685:. Retrieved
1675:
1663:. Retrieved
1653:
1641:. Retrieved
1637:the original
1632:
1623:
1611:. Retrieved
1601:
1583:
1571:. Retrieved
1564:the original
1559:
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1497:
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1468:
1459:
1453:
1441:. Retrieved
1437:
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1416:. Retrieved
1412:
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1391:. Retrieved
1387:
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1366:. Retrieved
1362:
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1330:. Retrieved
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971:Utshimassits
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690:
683:
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672:Wakuach Lake
661:
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599:M. Larivière
592:
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582:20th century
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267:Naskapi Iyuw
266:
240:
207:Christianity
127:Ethnic group
111:
105:January 2009
102:
92:
85:
78:
71:
59:
47:Please help
42:verification
39:
1926:governments
1817:Anishinaabe
1643:October 16,
1284:. Maclean's
951:Davis Inlet
705:Pearce Lake
679:Pearce Lake
530:Relocations
494:Sheshatshiu
488:and 137 in
377:village of
367:Davis Inlet
291:St'aschinuw
1971:Categories
1332:16 October
1221:2017-11-23
1197:References
1137:. (1855).
987:Montagnais
975:Iyuw Imuun
959:Natuashish
820:Indian Act
816:Indian Act
807:Indian Act
709:Matimekosh
664:Fort Chimo
649:Fort Chimo
630:Fort Chimo
618:Fort Chimo
607:Fort Chimo
562:Fort Chimo
550:Fort Chimo
501:Fort Chimo
463:Fort Chimo
383:Hudson Bay
363:Montagnais
351:Ungava Bay
339:Montagnais
328:Nitassinan
75:newspapers
16:See also:
1924:community
1822:Atikamekw
1792:Subarctic
895:Məsəna´kʷ
686:Sept-Îles
448:Nascopies
416:Tadoussac
335:Neenoilno
181:Languages
64:"Naskapi"
1953:Bands...
1842:Maliseet
1633:CBC News
1326:Archived
889:Religion
756:Montreal
518:—
440:Nascappe
436:Nascopie
337:(called
293:ᒋᑦ ᐊᔅᒋᓄᐤ
275:Language
269:ᓇᔅᑲᐱ ᐃᔪᐤ
201:Religion
1977:Naskapi
1862:Wyandot
1857:Naskapi
1847:Miꞌkmaq
1812:Abenaki
1687:Oct 16,
1665:Oct 16,
1613:Oct 16,
1573:17 June
1310:. 2018.
1288:Oct 27,
1265:17 June
829:to the
601:of the
438:" and "
389:History
359:nomadic
317:Nunavik
302:Naskapi
287:Country
209:, other
191:English
187:Naskapi
131:Naskapi
89:scholar
1913:(2002)
1907:(1975)
1901:(1701)
1852:Mohawk
1796:Arctic
1778:Quebec
1510:
1443:Jun 5,
1418:Jun 5,
1393:Jun 5,
1368:Jun 5,
524:(1954)
474:marten
406:(1921)
324:People
263:People
195:French
170:Quebec
166:Canada
133:(ᓇᔅᑲᐱ)
91:
84:
77:
70:
62:
1939:Bands
1837:Inuit
1567:(PDF)
1552:(PDF)
1534:(PDF)
990:Bible
355:Inuit
96:JSTOR
82:books
1832:Innu
1827:Cree
1689:2020
1667:2020
1645:2020
1615:2020
1575:2011
1508:ISBN
1445:2019
1420:2019
1395:2019
1370:2019
1334:2020
1290:2020
1267:2011
967:Nain
505:duck
486:Nain
375:Cree
321:Innu
300:The
224:Cree
220:Innu
172:and
68:news
1776:in
735:by
51:by
1973::
1794:,
1790:,
1705:.
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949:(
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168:(
118:)
112:(
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103:(
93:·
86:·
79:·
72:·
45:.
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