350:
131:
450:
118:
466:
has a skull length of about 32 mm and an estimated weight of 47 g, making it one of the largest bats in the Quercy
Formation. Due to the lack of postcranial remains aside from a humerus, its exact wingspan is unclear. The other two species are smaller in size, and possess several differences in
586:
occurs in the Quercy
Formation deposits estimated to date from the Middle to Late Eocene, 44-36 million years ago. The regional climate is thought to have been tropical in nature, marked by dense rainforests. Much like modern equatorial forests, the Quercy Formation bears a massive diversity of bat
541:
might have hunted like modern megadermatids and phyllostomids, relying on low frequency-echolocation and passive listening. Such bats inspect their surroundings from a perch, locate vertebrate prey like birds and mammals visually and by sound, and ambush it, killing it by biting at the back of the
533:
was a carnivore, feeding primarily on other vertebrates. The shearing teeth and strong masseters suggest that it was more specialised to grind and crush flesh and bone than were other bat species. In particular, the angular process of the dentary implies that crushing force was much more important
745:
Hand S; Sigé B; Maitre E, 2012, 'Necromantis
Weithofer, 1887, large carnivorous Middle and Late Eocene bats from the French Quercy Phosphorites: New data and unresolved relationships', in Evolutionary History of Bats: Fossils, Molecules and Morphology, Cambridge University Press, pp. 210 - 251,
728:
Hand S; Sigé B; Maitre E, 2012, 'Necromantis
Weithofer, 1887, large carnivorous Middle and Late Eocene bats from the French Quercy Phosphorites: New data and unresolved relationships', in Evolutionary History of Bats: Fossils, Molecules and Morphology, Cambridge University Press, pp. 210 - 251,
832:
Anthony Ravel; Mohammed Adaci; Mustapha
Bensalah; Anne-Lise Charruault; El Mabrouk Essid; Hayet Khayati Ammar; Wissem Marzougui; Mohammed Mahboubi; Fateh Mebrouk; Gilles Merzeraud; Monique Vianey-Liaud; Rodolphe Tabuce; Laurent Marivaux (2016). "Origine et radiation initiale des chauves-souris
782:
Anthony Ravel; Mohammed Adaci; Mustapha
Bensalah; Anne-Lise Charruault; El Mabrouk Essid; Hayet Khayati Ammar; Wissem Marzougui; Mohammed Mahboubi; Fateh Mebrouk; Gilles Merzeraud; Monique Vianey-Liaud; Rodolphe Tabuce; Laurent Marivaux (2016). "Origine et radiation initiale des chauves-souris
637:
Anthony Ravel; Mohammed Adaci; Mustapha
Bensalah; Anne-Lise Charruault; El Mabrouk Essid; Hayet Khayati Ammar; Wissem Marzougui; Mohammed Mahboubi; Fateh Mebrouk; Gilles Merzeraud; Monique Vianey-Liaud; Rodolphe Tabuce; Laurent Marivaux (2016). "Origine et radiation initiale des chauves-souris
627:
Anthony Ravel; Mohammed Adaci; Mustapha
Bensalah; Anne-Lise Charruault; El Mabrouk Essid; Hayet Khayati Ammar; Wissem Marzougui; Mohammed Mahboubi; Fateh Mebrouk; Gilles Merzeraud; Monique Vianey-Liaud; Rodolphe Tabuce; Laurent Marivaux (2016). "Origine et radiation initiale des chauves-souris
474:
is unique among extinct and extant bats due to the sheer robustness of its jaws and skull. Its jaws are rather short and broad, bearing proportionally large teeth. The mandible is deep and thick and bears deep fossae; combined with the presence of a wide zygoma and a high-positioned
560:. Weithofer originally classified it as a megadermatid, and Riviliod later as a phyllostomid, but similarities to either clade were ultimately deemed to be inconclusive and likely derived from
910:
568:
bats has been proposed, possibly as a basal member descended from the early Eocene radiation of this clade, but currently this is inconclusive as well.
897:
514:
has a strong negative tilting of the head, a characteristic thought to correlate with nasal-emission echolocation in bats, as seen in forms like
851:
821:
801:
771:
699:
656:
974:
984:
979:
587:
species; though the overall diversity of the region is thought to be incomplete, there are representatives of the still-extant
833:
modernes : nouvelles découvertes dans l'Éocène d'Afrique du Nord". Geodiversitas. 38 (3): 355–434. doi:10.5252/g2016n3a3.
783:
modernes : nouvelles découvertes dans l'Éocène d'Afrique du Nord". Geodiversitas. 38 (3): 355–434. doi:10.5252/g2016n3a3.
638:
modernes : nouvelles découvertes dans l'Éocène d'Afrique du Nord". Geodiversitas. 38 (3): 355–434. doi:10.5252/g2016n3a3.
628:
modernes : nouvelles découvertes dans l'Éocène d'Afrique du Nord". Geodiversitas. 38 (3): 355–434. doi:10.5252/g2016n3a3.
969:
376:
in 1920, offering the holotype the number QW627. He described additional material, and classified it within five species:
366:
322:
130:
365:, was first described by A. Weithofer in 1887 on the basis of fragmentary fossils from the Eocene deposits of the
865:
936:
604:
349:
964:
561:
608:
491:-like M1 and M2. The sagittal crest was tall, though less so than some other carnivorous bats like
434:
330:
195:
426:. Currently, only jaws and skulls are known, with a single humerus known as a postcranial remain.
273:
125:
941:
19:
This article is about the fossil bat
Necromantis. For the similarly named fossil pangolin, see
923:
915:
847:
817:
797:
767:
695:
652:
493:
928:
747:
730:
588:
499:
449:
373:
487:. The teeth themselves are strongly convergent with those of carnivoran mammals, bearing
600:
596:
572:
565:
556:
519:
515:
117:
958:
71:
341:
are notable for their large size and specialization towards a predatory lifestyle.
217:
529:
Its powerful jaws, combined with the specialised dentition, strongly suggest that
888:
751:
734:
455:
419:
may be distinct enough to retain their respective statuses as distinct species.
46:
669:
592:
488:
369:. Weithofer did not designate a type specimen, simply describing a lower jaw.
307:
91:
56:
20:
142:
96:
40:
882:
484:
162:
86:
81:
66:
61:
51:
670:"Zur Kenntniss der fossilen Cheiropteren der franzo¨sischen Phosphorite"
902:
476:
438:
334:
101:
76:
603:(the former three still occur in Europe), as well as the now extinct
326:
318:
172:
152:
108:
859:
719:
Maitre, E. 2008 Les
Chiroptères paléokarstiques d'Europe occidentale
441:. This north African species is known from several isolated teeth.
399:
More recently, E. Maitre has described the fossils in more detail.
448:
348:
310:
863:
844:
Evolutionary History of Bats: Fossils, Molecules and Morphology
814:
Evolutionary History of Bats: Fossils, Molecules and Morphology
794:
Evolutionary History of Bats: Fossils, Molecules and Morphology
764:
Evolutionary History of Bats: Fossils, Molecules and Morphology
692:
Evolutionary History of Bats: Fossils, Molecules and Morphology
649:
Evolutionary History of Bats: Fossils, Molecules and Morphology
314:
182:
422:
Several indeterminate bat fossils in France may belong to
534:
than the width of gape, unlike modern predatory bats.
453:
Artist's reconstruction of N. adichaster preying on a
372:
This material was later described in more detail by
872:
537:Due to its large eyes and expanded petrosals,
433:has been found in the Late Eocene deposits of
8:
407:have been considered indistinguishable from
571:The more recent consensus is a position in
860:
116:
27:
620:
564:. More recently, a relationship with
7:
846:, Cambridge University Press, 2012.
816:, Cambridge University Press, 2012.
796:, Cambridge University Press, 2012.
766:, Cambridge University Press, 2012.
694:, Cambridge University Press, 2012.
651:, Cambridge University Press, 2012.
467:regards to the trigon and cingulum.
674:Sitzb. K. Akad. Der Wissensch. Wein
14:
129:
321:. Its fossils are found in the
470:As noted by most researchers,
1:
842:Gunnell GF & Simmons NB,
812:Gunnell GF & Simmons NB,
792:Gunnell GF & Simmons NB,
762:Gunnell GF & Simmons NB,
690:Gunnell GF & Simmons NB,
647:Gunnell GF & Simmons NB,
367:Quercy Phosphorites Formation
323:Quercy Phosphorites Formation
752:10.1017/CBO9781139045599.007
735:10.1017/CBO9781139045599.007
522:, though it is not clear if
975:Paleogene mammals of Europe
1001:
483:had large, well developed
18:
279:
272:
242:
237:
223:
216:
126:Scientific classification
124:
115:
30:
985:Eocene mammals of Africa
431:Necromantis fragmentatum
265:Necromantis fragmentatum
546:Evolution and phylogeny
980:Prehistoric bat genera
668:Weithofer, A. (1887).
526:had a nose-leaf, too.
464:Necromantis adichaster
460:
358:
317:that lived during the
284:Necromantis planifrons
247:Necromantis adichaster
227:Necromantis adichaster
970:Enigmatic mammal taxa
937:Paleobiology Database
605:Palaeochiropterygidae
452:
352:
253:Necromantis marandati
16:Extinct genus of bats
562:convergent evolution
479:, it suggests that
291:Necromantis grandis
461:
361:The type species,
359:
952:
951:
924:Open Tree of Life
866:Taxon identifiers
852:978-0-521-76824-5
822:978-0-521-76824-5
802:978-0-521-76824-5
772:978-0-521-76824-5
700:978-0-521-76824-5
657:978-0-521-76824-5
494:Vampyrum spectrum
357:as a rhinolophoid
299:
298:
259:Necromantis gezei
992:
945:
944:
932:
931:
919:
918:
906:
905:
893:
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861:
854:
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834:
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824:
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790:
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711:
708:
702:
688:
682:
681:
665:
659:
645:
639:
635:
629:
625:
589:Vespertilionidae
500:Macroderma gigas
374:Pierre Revilliod
337:. Specimens of
207:
194:
134:
133:
120:
106:
43:
36:Temporal range:
28:
1000:
999:
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994:
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991:
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989:
955:
954:
953:
948:
940:
935:
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841:
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723:
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709:
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689:
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662:
646:
642:
636:
632:
626:
622:
617:
581:
548:
509:
447:
429:More recently,
353:Restoration of
347:
233:
232:Weithofer, 1887
230:
205:
192:
128:
111:
107:Middle to Late
105:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
38:
37:
34:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
998:
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982:
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949:
947:
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933:
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878:
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870:
869:
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856:
855:
835:
825:
805:
785:
775:
755:
738:
721:
712:
703:
683:
660:
640:
630:
619:
618:
616:
613:
609:Mixopterygidae
601:Emballonuridae
597:Hipposideridae
580:
577:
573:Rhinolophoidea
557:incertae sedis
547:
544:
508:
505:
446:
443:
346:
343:
297:
296:
295:
294:
293:Revilliod 1920
287:
286:Revilliod 1920
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55:
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15:
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6:
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3:
2:
997:
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978:
976:
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749:
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602:
598:
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576:
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569:
567:
563:
559:
558:
554:is listed as
553:
545:
543:
540:
535:
532:
527:
525:
521:
520:phyllostomids
517:
516:megadermatids
513:
506:
504:
502:
501:
496:
495:
490:
486:
482:
478:
473:
468:
465:
458:
457:
451:
444:
442:
440:
436:
435:Djebel Chambi
432:
427:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
409:N. adichaster
406:
405:N. planifrons
402:
397:
395:
391:
390:N. planifrons
387:
383:
379:
378:N. adichaster
375:
370:
368:
364:
363:N. adichaster
356:
355:N. adichaster
351:
344:
342:
340:
336:
332:
331:Djebel Chambi
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
309:
305:
304:
292:
288:
285:
281:
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275:
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266:
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244:
243:
241:
236:
229:
228:
222:
219:
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212:
211:
204:
201:
200:
197:
196:Necromantidae
191:
188:
187:
184:
181:
178:
177:
174:
171:
168:
167:
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147:
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138:
137:
132:
127:
123:
119:
114:
110:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
42:
33:
29:
26:
22:
873:
843:
838:
828:
813:
808:
793:
788:
778:
763:
758:
741:
724:
715:
710:Maitre, 2008
706:
691:
686:
677:
673:
663:
648:
643:
633:
623:
583:
582:
570:
566:emballonurid
555:
551:
549:
538:
536:
530:
528:
523:
511:
510:
498:
492:
480:
471:
469:
463:
462:
454:
430:
428:
423:
421:
417:N. marandati
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
398:
393:
389:
386:N. marandati
385:
381:
377:
371:
362:
360:
354:
338:
302:
301:
300:
290:
283:
264:
258:
252:
246:
226:
225:
218:Type species
209:
208:
31:
25:
965:Eocene bats
874:Necromantis
584:Necromantis
552:Necromantis
550:Currently,
539:Necromantis
531:Necromantis
524:Necromantis
512:Necromantis
481:Necromantis
472:Necromantis
456:Gigantornis
445:Description
424:Necromantis
339:Necromantis
303:Necromantis
210:Necromantis
39:44–36
32:Necromantis
959:Categories
680:: 341–361.
615:References
593:Molossidae
489:carnassial
401:N. grandis
394:N. grandis
183:Chiroptera
21:Necromanis
889:Q20721996
485:masseters
413:N. gerzei
382:N. gerzei
149:Kingdom:
143:Eukaryota
883:Wikidata
329:and the
274:Synonyms
238:Species
189:Family:
173:Mammalia
163:Chordata
159:Phylum:
153:Animalia
139:Domain:
929:3613570
916:1014425
903:4832154
579:Ecology
507:Biology
477:condyle
439:Tunisia
345:History
335:Tunisia
308:extinct
202:Genus:
179:Order:
169:Class:
850:
820:
800:
770:
698:
655:
542:head.
411:, but
327:France
319:Eocene
306:is an
109:Eocene
942:40643
911:IRMNG
459:chick
311:genus
898:GBIF
848:ISBN
818:ISBN
798:ISBN
768:ISBN
696:ISBN
653:ISBN
607:and
599:and
518:and
415:and
403:and
392:and
47:Preęž’
748:doi
731:doi
497:or
333:in
325:of
315:bat
313:of
961::
939::
926::
913::
900::
885::
678:96
676:.
672:.
611:.
595:,
591:,
575:.
503:.
437:,
396:.
388:,
384:,
380:,
289:â€
282:â€
263:â€
257:â€
251:â€
245:â€
97:Pg
41:Ma
750::
733::
224:â€
206:â€
193:â€
102:N
92:K
87:J
82:T
77:P
72:C
67:D
62:S
57:O
52:ęž’
23:.
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