628:
323:
119:
751:
Neurotrophic factors are molecules that enhance the growth and survival potential of neurons. They play important roles in both development, where they can act as guidance cues for developing neurons, and in the mature nervous system, where they are involved in neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity
101:
for directing axon growth and regeneration. In studies, neurotrophic factors are normally used in conjunction with other techniques such as biological and physical cues created by the addition of cells and specific topographies. The neurotrophic factors may or may not be immobilized to the scaffold
286:. In fact, the discovery of the different receptors helped differentiate scientists' understanding and classification of NT-3. NT-3 does share similar properties with other members of this class, and is known to be important in neuronal survival. The NT-3 protein is found within the
421:(OSM). CNTF prevents degeneration of motor neurons in rats and mice which increases survival time and motor function of the mice. These results suggest exogenous CNTF could be used as a therapeutic treatment for human degenerative
68:. In the mature nervous system, they promote neuronal survival, induce synaptic plasticity, and modulate the formation of long-term memories. Neurotrophic factors also promote the initial growth and development of neurons in the
493:. Specifically, studies have shown GDNF plays a protective role against MPTP toxins for DA neurons. It has also been detected in motor neurons of embryonic rats and is suggested to aid development and to reduce
254:. Even though it is clear that exogenous administration of NGF helps decrease tissue inflammation, the molecular mechanisms are still unknown. Moreover, blood NGF levels are increased in times of stress, during
199:
of mice. Other experiments suggest BDNF is more important and necessary for neuronal survival than other factors. However, this compensatory mechanism is still not known. Specifically, BDNF promotes survival of
1894:
85:
1263:"Human Nerve Growth Factor Protects Common Marmosets against Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Switching the Balance of T Helper Cell Type 1 and 2 Cytokines within the Central Nervous System"
1325:
Prencipe, Giusi; Minnone, Gaetana; Strippoli, Raffaele; Pasquale, Loredana De; Petrini, Stefania; Caiello, Ivan; Manni, Luigi; Benedetti, Fabrizio De; Bracci-Laudiero, Luisa (2014-04-01).
149:
Although more information is being discovered about neurotrophic factors, their classification is based on different cellular mechanisms and they are grouped into three main families: the
799:
Neurotrophic factors are polypeptides or small proteins that support the growth, differentiation, and survival of neurons. They produce their effects by activation of tyrosine kinases.
1581:
Baloh, Robert H; Enomoto, Hideki; Johnson Jr, Eugene M; Milbrandt, Jeffrey (2000-02-01). "The GDNF family ligands and receptors — implications for neural development".
712:
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neurons. Even when bound to a truncated TrkB, BDNF still shows growth and developmental roles. Without BDNF (homozygous (-/-)), mice do not survive past three weeks.
1887:
4769:
1856:
1643:
684:
76:, and they are capable of regrowing damaged neurons in test tubes and animal models. Some neurotrophic factors are also released by the target tissue in order to
1423:"Ciliary neurotrophic factor activates leptin-like pathways and reduces body fat, without cachexia or rebound weight gain, even in leptin-resistant obesity"
4425:
3573:
1709:
472:
448:
3190:
1880:
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4110:
3800:
223:
reduces or upregulated hippocampal BDNF expression. Consistent between human and animal studies, BDNF levels are decreased in those with untreated
3405:
1421:
Lambert, P. D.; Anderson, K. D.; Sleeman, M. W.; Wong, V.; Tan, J.; Hijarunguru, A.; Corcoran, T. L.; Murray, J. D.; Thabet, K. E. (2001-04-10).
2390:
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structure, though immobilization is preferred because it allows for the creation of permanent, controllable gradients. In some cases, such as
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176:
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2032:
2023:
599:
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Piquet-Pellorce, C.; Grey, L.; Mereau, A.; Heath, J. K. (1994-08-01). "Are LIF and related cytokines functionally equivalent?".
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Currently, neurotrophic factors are being intensely studied for use in bioartificial nerve conduits because they are necessary
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3865:
3421:
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1524:
680:
126:
4826:
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1629:
283:
239:
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Villoslada, Pablo; Hauser, Stephen L.; Bartke, Ilse; Unger, Jurgen; Heald, Nathan; Rosenberg, Daniel; Cheung, Steven W.;
4759:
3155:
3037:
3027:
1824:
668:
103:
106:, they are loosely immobilized such that they can be selectively released at specified times and in specified amounts.
4105:
1793:
398:
355:
4130:
4744:
2570:
1798:
1525:"Ciliary neurotrophic factor prevents degeneration of motor neurons in mouse mutant progressive motor neuronopathy"
410:
359:
4125:
960:"The role of GDNF family ligand signalling in the differentiation of sympathetic and dorsal root ganglion neurons"
4652:
224:
73:
2836:
2752:
2671:
2538:
2455:
783:
Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 8: Atypical
Neurotransmitters". In Sydor A, Brown RY (eds.).
676:
607:
547:
482:
477:
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was originally detected as survival promoter derived from a
275:
65:
2270:
60:
of both developing and mature neurons. Most NTFs exert their trophic effects on neurons by signaling through
4831:
4436:
2183:
2058:
1094:
Vega, José A.; García-Suárez, Olivia; Hannestad, Jonas; Pérez-Pérez, Marta; Germanà, Antonino (2003-07-01).
591:
4115:
4720:
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4100:
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3279:
2265:
1903:
1819:
1701:
660:
444:
438:
154:
69:
1523:
Sendtner, M.; Schmalbruch, H.; Stöckli, K. A.; Carroll, P.; Kreutzberg, G. W.; Thoenen, H. (1992-08-06).
4794:
2991:
2635:
2275:
1914:
857:
Deister, C.; Schmidt, C.E. (2006). "Optimizing neurotrophic factor combinations for neurite outgrowth".
295:
1621:
840:
As will be discussed below, exercise stimulates the expression of several neurotrophic factors (NTFs).
4734:
4120:
3052:
3001:
1539:
866:
422:
406:
201:
57:
3870:
1945:
814:, Cameron JL, Hoffer BJ, Smeyne RJ (2012). "Neurorestoration by physical exercise: moving forward".
3875:
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1676:
490:
235:
180:
89:
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4406:
4351:
4305:
4250:
3985:
3925:
3553:
2926:
2856:
2415:
2013:
1955:
1906:
1606:
1563:
940:
890:
811:
4488:
4366:
4265:
4051:
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3700:
3448:
3367:
3229:
3170:
3132:
3077:
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2936:
2931:
2901:
2876:
2871:
2861:
2747:
2666:
2605:
2533:
2512:
2497:
2450:
2103:
211:, enhancing neurogenesis, and improving learning and memory. Specifically, BDNF acts within the
4588:
4446:
4381:
4361:
4280:
4260:
3975:
3955:
3935:
3578:
2906:
2630:
2163:
1960:
915:
Henderson, Christopher E (1996-02-01). "Role of neurotrophic factors in neuronal development".
4411:
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1462:
1444:
1400:
1356:
1348:
1300:
1282:
1258:
1236:
1228:
1187:
1158:"The Roles of BDNF in the Pathophysiology of Major Depression and in Antidepressant Treatment"
1133:
1115:
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1045:
997:
979:
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882:
831:
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1123:
1107:
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1037:
987:
971:
924:
874:
823:
3122:
4210:
61:
1327:"Nerve Growth Factor Downregulates Inflammatory Response in Human Monocytes through TrkA"
1543:
870:
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4705:
4647:
4341:
4190:
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3299:
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1940:
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1262:
1182:
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sensory neurons, and ciliary neuron hippocampal neurons. It is structurally related to
371:
307:
279:
255:
216:
184:
1594:
1395:
1378:
928:
827:
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627:
322:
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1457:
1422:
1111:
704:
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696:
692:
688:
414:
363:
220:
208:
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Including development, BDNF has important regulatory roles in the development of the
150:
81:
77:
1872:
1610:
944:
894:
878:
274:
Whereas neurotrophic factors within the neurotrophin family commonly have a protein
4804:
4774:
4513:
4503:
4396:
4295:
4150:
3970:
3905:
3820:
3324:
3127:
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2881:
2831:
2645:
2399:
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2053:
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1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1567:
543:
418:
402:
387:
251:
247:
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and the differentiation of neurons. Studies have shown dysregulation of NGF causes
166:
1041:
659:
Several other biomolecules that have identified as neurotrophic factors include:
4764:
4730:
4628:
4618:
4613:
4603:
4553:
4376:
4275:
4036:
3950:
3880:
3775:
3538:
3503:
3453:
3416:
3352:
3234:
3165:
3117:
3107:
3102:
3097:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2349:
2260:
2250:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2193:
2153:
2118:
716:
595:
379:
227:. However, the correlation between BDNF levels and depression is controversial.
212:
45:
31:
191:
receptor with NT-4. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor/TrkB system promotes
4583:
4548:
4543:
4533:
4523:
4441:
4230:
4205:
4195:
4041:
3995:
3855:
3681:
3650:
3619:
3588:
3533:
3508:
3488:
3473:
3463:
3357:
3274:
3067:
3047:
2946:
2891:
2886:
2710:
2615:
2600:
2395:
2354:
2326:
2295:
2255:
2158:
2113:
2108:
2083:
2078:
2068:
1981:
1975:
1965:
1829:
975:
1501:
1448:
1352:
1343:
1326:
1286:
1232:
1119:
1049:
983:
4608:
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4538:
4528:
4518:
4508:
4200:
4160:
4056:
4031:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3750:
3671:
3609:
3543:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3498:
3493:
3483:
3478:
3372:
3347:
3112:
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2148:
2143:
2133:
2128:
2123:
1777:
1772:
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1719:
1278:
1173:
579:
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571:
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517:
460:
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367:
263:
192:
17:
1602:
1493:
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1439:
1360:
1304:
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1191:
1137:
1067:
1001:
886:
835:
1559:
1509:
1404:
1223:
1206:
936:
4779:
4498:
4155:
3755:
3745:
3725:
3660:
3629:
3598:
3562:
3468:
3458:
2805:
2285:
2228:
2138:
2098:
88:(GFLs), and (3) neuropoietic cytokines. Each family has its own distinct
4754:
4175:
3640:
3042:
2003:
1714:
664:
506:
494:
486:
452:
97:
53:
49:
787:(2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. 199, 211–221.
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3264:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
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2385:
2063:
1734:
1551:
539:
478:
426:
375:
291:
287:
259:
243:
196:
785:
4699:
4695:
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4683:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4386:
4285:
3960:
3900:
3714:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
2916:
2780:
2699:
2695:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2491:
2487:
2338:
590:
The EGF and TGF families of neurotrophic factors are composed of
80:. Most neurotrophic factors belong to one of three families: (1)
4170:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2578:
2574:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2483:
2479:
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2463:
2459:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2369:
2334:
2315:
1691:
1876:
1625:
250:
and pain. NGF production is highly correlated to the extent of
621:
316:
113:
298:
but its role in the function of each organ is still unknown.
92:, although the cellular responses elicited often do overlap.
1207:"Is it time to reassess the BDNF hypothesis of depression?"
778:
776:
774:
772:
770:
768:
766:
764:
762:
760:
86:
glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor family ligands
542:
are a family of neurotrophic factors that signal through
640:
335:
130:
30:"Neurotrophic" redirects here. Not to be confused with
4770:
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP)
1024:
Binder, Devin K.; Scharfman, Helen E. (2004-01-01).
4637:
4424:
4319:
4088:
3828:
3819:
3799:
3713:
3690:
3659:
3628:
3597:
3561:
3552:
3404:
3247:
3180:
3142:
3009:
3000:
2818:
2795:
2735:
2654:
2521:
2438:
2429:
2368:
2314:
2227:
2031:
2022:
1991:
1913:
1812:
1786:
1733:
1700:
1667:
4716:Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI; PGI, PHI, AMF)
3574:Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)
3227:Cleavage products/derivatives with unknown target:
354:The CNTF family of neurotrophic factors includes
4750:Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP; HLP, HGFLP)
713:granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
429:-like characteristics as it causes weight loss.
2391:Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF)
2074:Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF)
1427:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
485:and a high-affinity ligand-binding co-receptor
56: – that support the growth, survival, and
685:pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide
4802:Additional growth factor receptor modulators:
1888:
1637:
733:
731:
489:. GDNF has an especially strong affinity for
8:
3156:Insulin-like growth factor-2 (somatomedin A)
3038:Insulin-like growth factor-2 (somatomedin A)
3028:Insulin-like growth factor-1 (somatomedin C)
752:and the formation of long-lasting memories.
473:Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
467:Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
449:glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
3825:
3558:
3006:
2435:
2028:
1895:
1881:
1873:
1644:
1630:
1622:
1456:
1438:
1394:
1342:
1294:
1222:
1181:
1127:
1057:
991:
852:
850:
848:
4760:Migration-stimulating factor (MSF; PRG4)
2089:Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα)
727:
550:; the family of ephrins include ephrin
481:. Later studies determined GDNF uses a
4663:Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)
238:(NGF) uses the high-affinity receptor
4726:Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF)
1416:
1414:
1379:"Neurotrophins Cause a New Sensation"
1372:
1370:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1252:
1250:
1096:"Neurotrophins and the immune system"
7:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
910:
908:
906:
904:
709:macrophage colony-stimulating factor
78:guide the growth of developing axons
1156:Lee, Bun-Hee; Kim, Yong-Ku (2010).
673:vascular endothelial growth factor
179:(BDNF) is structurally similar to
25:
1377:Snider, W.D; Wright, D.E (1996).
177:Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
172:Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
4745:Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)
1267:Journal of Experimental Medicine
1112:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2003.00203.x
626:
612:serine/threonine protein kinases
600:transforming growth factor alpha
321:
282:(NT-3) has the unique receptor,
117:
48: – nearly all of which are
3913:Negative allosteric modulators:
1583:Current Opinion in Neurobiology
1261:; Fisher, Stefan (2000-05-15).
917:Current Opinion in Neurobiology
604:transforming growth factor beta
4231:Gossypetin (3,5,7,8,3',4'-HHF)
3422:Platelet-derived growth factor
958:Ernsberger, Uwe (2008-07-16).
681:platelet-derived growth factor
1:
4437:Placental growth factor (PGF)
1595:10.1016/S0959-4388(99)00048-3
1396:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80039-2
929:10.1016/S0959-4388(96)80010-9
859:Journal of Neural Engineering
828:10.1016/S1353-8020(11)70046-3
4721:Glia maturation factor (GMF)
3230:Glypromate (GPE, (1-3)IGF-1)
1205:Groves, J. O. (2007-08-14).
1042:10.1080/08977190410001723308
669:insulin-like growth factor 1
606:(TGFβ). They signal through
266:, amongst other conditions.
195:survival, as studied in the
110:List of neurotrophic factors
104:neural drug delivery systems
399:Ciliary neurotrophic factor
394:Ciliary neurotrophic factor
356:ciliary neurotrophic factor
4848:
4653:Colony-stimulating factors
4645:Additional growth factors:
1482:Experimental Cell Research
816:Parkinsonism Relat. Disord
618:Other neurotrophic factors
526:
515:
504:
470:
436:
411:leukemia inhibitory factor
360:leukemia inhibitory factor
305:
215:. Studies have shown that
164:
29:
4001:SNA-120 (pegylated K252a)
3173:(against IGF-1 and IGF-2)
3135:(against IGF-1 and IGF-2)
1331:The Journal of Immunology
976:10.1007/s00441-008-0634-4
879:10.1088/1741-2560/3/2/011
741:. Nature Publishing Group
608:receptor tyrosine kinases
548:receptor tyrosine kinases
491:dopaminergic (DA) neurons
425:. It also has unexpected
90:cell signaling mechanisms
74:peripheral nervous system
2837:Hepatocyte growth factor
2396:Neuregulins (heregulins)
2327:Neuregulins (heregulins)
2271:Trastuzumab duocarmazine
1984:(against angiopoietin 2)
1978:(against angiopoietin 3)
1344:10.4049/jimmunol.1300825
1162:Psychiatry Investigation
964:Cell and Tissue Research
677:fibroblast growth factor
483:receptor tyrosine kinase
276:tyrosine kinase receptor
66:receptor tyrosine kinase
2184:Depatuxizumab mafodotin
1279:10.1084/jem.191.10.1799
1174:10.4306/pi.2010.7.4.231
592:epidermal growth factor
153:, the CNTF family, and
4807:(neurotrophin mixture)
4795:Wnt signaling proteins
4476:Allosteric modulators:
4196:Norwogonin (5,7,8-THF)
2416:5 (tomoregulin, TMEFF)
2266:Trastuzumab deruxtecan
1904:Growth factor receptor
1494:10.1006/excr.1994.1208
1440:10.1073/pnas.061034298
739:"Neurotrophic factors"
661:glia maturation factor
445:GDNF family of ligands
439:GDNF family of ligands
70:central nervous system
27:Family of biomolecules
4735:T-cell growth factors
2992:Telisotuzumab vedotin
2276:Trastuzumab emtansine
1224:10.1038/sj.mp.4002075
527:Further information:
516:Further information:
505:Further information:
423:motor neuron diseases
382:(i.e., interferon-α,
306:Further information:
296:intestinal epithelium
4827:Neurotrophic factors
3320:EVT-901 (SAR-127963)
3053:Mecasermin rinfabate
1661:Neurotrophic factors
1211:Molecular Psychiatry
822:(Suppl 1): S147–50.
586:EGF and TGF families
407:dorsal root ganglion
202:dorsal root ganglion
131:adding missing items
38:Neurotrophic factors
1544:1992Natur.358..502S
871:2006JNEng...3..172D
236:Nerve growth factor
231:Nerve growth factor
187:/5, and shares the
4486:Kinase inhibitors:
4349:Kinase inhibitors:
4248:Kinase inhibitors:
3923:Kinase inhibitors:
3738:Kinase inhibitors:
3698:Kinase inhibitors:
3679:Kinase inhibitors:
3648:Kinase inhibitors:
3617:Kinase inhibitors:
3586:Kinase inhibitors:
3446:Kinase inhibitors:
3060:Kinase inhibitors:
2854:Kinase inhibitors:
2643:Kinase inhibitors:
2636:Aprutumab ixadotin
2283:Kinase inhibitors:
2096:Kinase inhibitors:
1953:Kinase inhibitors:
1259:Mobley, William C.
1100:Journal of Anatomy
639:. You can help by
401:affects embryonic
334:. You can help by
129:; you can help by
44:) are a family of
4814:
4813:
4420:
4419:
4181:N-Acetylserotonin
4080:ReN-1820 (TrkAd5)
3709:
3708:
3243:
3242:
3188:Binding proteins:
2847:Dihexa (PNB-0408)
2814:
2813:
2425:
2424:
2339:6 (neuroglycan C)
2059:EGF (urogastrone)
2037:
1870:
1869:
1538:(6386): 502–504.
1273:(10): 1799–1806.
1217:(12): 1079–1088.
657:
656:
352:
351:
147:
146:
16:(Redirected from
4839:
4626:Decoy receptors:
4599:Alacizumab pegol
4077:Decoy receptors:
3826:
3731:Stem cell factor
3672:Persephin (PSPN)
3610:Neurturin (NRTN)
3559:
3396:LEVI-04 (p75-Fc)
3393:Decoy receptors:
3007:
2436:
2035:
2029:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1874:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1623:
1615:
1614:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1552:10.1038/358502a0
1529:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1460:
1442:
1433:(8): 4652–4657.
1418:
1409:
1408:
1398:
1374:
1365:
1364:
1346:
1337:(7): 3345–3354.
1322:
1309:
1308:
1298:
1254:
1245:
1244:
1226:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1185:
1153:
1142:
1141:
1131:
1091:
1072:
1071:
1061:
1021:
1006:
1005:
995:
955:
949:
948:
912:
899:
898:
854:
843:
842:
808:
802:
801:
780:
755:
754:
748:
746:
735:
652:
649:
630:
622:
385:
347:
344:
325:
317:
225:major depression
142:
139:
121:
120:
114:
62:tyrosine kinases
21:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4836:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4810:
4755:Midkine (NEGF2)
4633:
4416:
4315:
4084:
4022:ABT-110 (PG110)
3815:
3795:
3705:
3686:
3655:
3624:
3593:
3548:
3400:
3338:ABT-110 (PG110)
3239:
3176:
3138:
2996:
2810:
2791:
2731:
2728:(against FGF23)
2650:
2517:
2421:
2364:
2310:
2223:
2034:
2018:
1987:
1909:
1901:
1871:
1866:
1808:
1782:
1729:
1696:
1663:
1650:
1618:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1527:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1420:
1419:
1412:
1376:
1375:
1368:
1324:
1323:
1312:
1256:
1255:
1248:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1155:
1154:
1145:
1093:
1092:
1075:
1023:
1022:
1009:
957:
956:
952:
914:
913:
902:
856:
855:
846:
810:
809:
805:
795:
782:
781:
758:
744:
742:
737:
736:
729:
725:
653:
647:
644:
637:needs expansion
631:
620:
588:
536:
531:
525:
520:
514:
509:
503:
475:
469:
441:
435:
396:
383:
348:
342:
339:
332:needs expansion
326:
315:
310:
304:
272:
233:
174:
169:
163:
143:
137:
134:
118:
112:
58:differentiation
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4845:
4843:
4835:
4834:
4832:Neurochemistry
4829:
4819:
4818:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4808:
4798:
4797:
4792:
4785:Thrombopoietin
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4706:Erythropoietin
4703:
4665:
4660:
4650:
4648:Adrenomedullin
4641:
4639:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4622:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4592:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4482:
4481:
4472:
4471:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4430:
4428:
4422:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4325:
4323:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4244:
4243:
4234:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4111:4'-DMA-7,8-DHF
4108:
4103:
4094:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4073:
4072:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4005:
4004:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3919:
3918:
3909:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3871:Gambogic amide
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3834:
3832:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3805:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3719:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3675:
3674:
3665:
3663:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3653:
3644:
3643:
3641:Artemin (ARTN)
3634:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3613:
3612:
3603:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3567:
3565:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3442:
3441:
3419:
3410:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3389:
3388:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3253:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3223:
3222:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3168:
3159:
3158:
3148:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3015:
3013:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2850:
2849:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2824:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2750:
2741:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2669:
2660:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2536:
2527:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2453:
2444:
2442:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2374:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2343:
2342:
2320:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2244:
2243:
2233:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2041:
2039:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2006:
1997:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1979:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1949:
1948:
1946:Angiopoietin 3
1943:
1941:Angiopoietin 2
1934:
1933:
1931:Angiopoietin 4
1928:
1926:Angiopoietin 1
1919:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1827:
1822:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1739:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1706:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1657:Nervous tissue
1653:Cell signaling
1651:
1649:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1626:
1617:
1616:
1589:(1): 103–110.
1573:
1515:
1488:(2): 340–347.
1472:
1410:
1389:(2): 229–232.
1366:
1310:
1246:
1197:
1143:
1073:
1036:(3): 123–131.
1030:Growth Factors
1007:
970:(3): 353–371.
950:
900:
865:(2): 172–179.
844:
803:
793:
756:
726:
724:
721:
715:(GM-CSF), and
655:
654:
634:
632:
625:
619:
616:
587:
584:
535:
532:
524:
521:
513:
510:
502:
499:
471:Main article:
468:
465:
437:Main article:
434:
431:
395:
392:
372:growth hormone
350:
349:
329:
327:
320:
314:
311:
308:Neurotrophin-4
303:
302:Neurotrophin-4
300:
280:Neurotrophin-3
271:
270:Neurotrophin-3
268:
256:immune disease
232:
229:
219:treatment and
217:corticosterone
173:
170:
165:Main article:
162:
159:
145:
144:
124:
122:
111:
108:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4844:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4806:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4796:
4793:
4790:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4711:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4658:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4636:
4630:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4484:
4483:
4480:
4479:Cyclotraxin B
4477:
4474:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4423:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4392:Larotrectinib
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4322:
4318:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4291:Larotrectinib
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4226:Cyclotraxin B
4224:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4136:Amitriptyline
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4012:Against TrkA:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3966:Larotrectinib
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3896:Dexamethasone
3894:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3841:Amitriptyline
3839:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3683:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3315:Dexamethasone
3313:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3023:des(1-3)IGF-1
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2987:Telisotuzumab
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2844:Potentiators:
2842:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2706:Selpercatinib
2704:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2611:Selpercatinib
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2503:Selpercatinib
2501:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2179:Depatuxizumab
2177:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1898:
1893:
1891:
1886:
1884:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1669:Neurotrophins
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1577:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1476:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1201:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1026:"Mini Review"
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1003:
999:
994:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
954:
951:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
911:
909:
907:
905:
901:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
853:
851:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
807:
804:
800:
796:
794:9780071481274
790:
786:
779:
777:
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
757:
753:
740:
734:
732:
728:
722:
720:
718:
714:
710:
706:
705:interleukin-8
702:
701:interleukin-5
698:
697:interleukin-3
694:
693:interleukin-2
690:
689:interleukin-1
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
651:
648:November 2017
642:
638:
635:This section
633:
629:
624:
623:
617:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
585:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
546:, a class of
545:
544:eph receptors
541:
533:
530:
522:
519:
511:
508:
500:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
474:
466:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
440:
432:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
415:interleukin 6
412:
408:
404:
403:motor neurons
400:
393:
391:
389:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
364:interleukin-6
361:
357:
346:
343:November 2017
337:
333:
330:This section
328:
324:
319:
318:
312:
309:
301:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
269:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
230:
228:
226:
222:
221:adrenalectomy
218:
214:
210:
209:visual cortex
205:
203:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
171:
168:
161:Neurotrophins
160:
158:
156:
152:
151:neurotrophins
141:
138:November 2017
132:
128:
125:This list is
123:
116:
115:
109:
107:
105:
100:
99:
93:
91:
87:
83:
82:neurotrophins
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
33:
19:
4805:Cerebrolysin
4801:
4775:Pleiotrophin
4731:Interleukins
4644:
4625:
4595:
4514:Fruquintinib
4504:Cabozantinib
4485:
4475:
4433:
4397:Lestaurtinib
4348:
4328:
4296:Lestaurtinib
4247:
4237:
4218:Antagonists:
4217:
4151:Deoxygedunin
4106:3,7,8,2'-THF
4097:
4076:
4067:Against NGF:
4066:
4063:
4019:Against NGF:
4018:
4011:
4008:
3971:Lestaurtinib
3922:
3912:
3906:Testosterone
3888:Antagonists:
3887:
3837:
3737:
3722:
3697:
3678:
3668:
3647:
3637:
3616:
3606:
3585:
3570:
3530:
3445:
3413:
3392:
3383:Against NGF:
3382:
3379:
3335:Against NGF:
3334:
3331:
3325:Testosterone
3307:Antagonists:
3306:
3256:
3226:
3187:
3162:
3151:
3128:Teprotumumab
3089:
3059:
3018:
2967:Ficlatuzumab
2962:Emibetuzumab
2958:
2912:JNJ-38877605
2882:Cabozantinib
2853:
2843:
2832:Fosgonimeton
2827:
2802:
2744:
2722:
2663:
2646:Infigratinib
2642:
2627:
2530:
2447:
2381:Betacellulin
2377:
2360:Seribantumab
2346:
2323:
2282:
2247:
2241:Unknown/none
2240:
2236:
2170:
2095:
2054:Betacellulin
2049:Amphiregulin
2044:
2036:(ErbB1/HER1)
2000:
1972:
1952:
1938:Antagonists:
1937:
1922:
1915:Angiopoietin
1660:
1619:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1535:
1531:
1518:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1430:
1426:
1386:
1382:
1334:
1330:
1270:
1266:
1214:
1210:
1200:
1168:(4): 231–5.
1165:
1161:
1103:
1099:
1033:
1029:
967:
963:
953:
923:(1): 64–70.
920:
916:
862:
858:
839:
819:
815:
806:
798:
784:
750:
743:. Retrieved
658:
645:
641:adding to it
636:
602:(TGFα), and
589:
537:
476:
442:
419:oncostatin M
417:(IL-6), and
397:
388:oncostatin M
353:
340:
336:adding to it
331:
273:
252:inflammation
248:hyperalgesia
234:
206:
183:, NT-3, and
175:
167:Neurotrophin
148:
135:
96:
94:
64:, usually a
46:biomolecules
41:
37:
36:
18:Neurotrophic
4765:Oncomodulin
4629:Aflibercept
4619:Ranibizumab
4614:Ramucirumab
4604:Bevacizumab
4596:Antibodies:
4554:Regorafenib
4494:Altiratinib
4407:ONO-5390556
4377:Entrectinib
4352:Altiratinib
4306:ONO-5390556
4276:Entrectinib
4251:Altiratinib
4037:Frunevetmab
4009:Antibodies:
3986:ONO-5390556
3951:Entrectinib
3926:Altiratinib
3881:Tavilermide
3776:Quizartinib
3715:SCF (c-Kit)
3539:Ramucirumab
3531:Antibodies:
3504:Quizartinib
3454:Avapritinib
3417:Becaplermin
3353:Frunevetmab
3332:Antibodies:
3235:Trofinetide
3166:Dusigitumab
3163:Antibodies:
3118:Robatumumab
3108:Figitumumab
3103:Dalotuzumab
3098:Cixutumumab
3090:Antibodies:
2982:Rilotumumab
2977:Onartuzumab
2972:Flanvotumab
2959:Antibodies:
2927:PF-04217903
2857:Altiratinib
2820:HGF (c-Met)
2723:Antibodies:
2628:Antibodies:
2350:Duligotumab
2347:Antibodies:
2261:Trastuzumab
2251:Ertumaxomab
2248:Antibodies:
2219:Zalutumumab
2214:Panitumumab
2209:Nimotuzumab
2204:Necitumumab
2194:Imgatuzumab
2171:Antibodies:
2154:Osimertinib
2119:Dacomitinib
2014:Dapiclermin
1973:Antibodies:
1956:Altiratinib
1830:Neuregulins
1787:CNTF family
1702:GDNF family
1106:(1): 1–19.
717:neurotactin
596:neuregulins
479:glioma cell
433:GDNF family
380:interferons
313:CNTF family
258:, and with
244:myelination
242:to promote
213:hippocampus
155:GDNF family
32:Neurotropic
4821:Categories
4584:Vandetanib
4549:Rebastinib
4544:Pegaptanib
4534:Nintedanib
4524:Lenvatinib
4489:Agerafenib
4442:Ripretinib
4367:CH-7057288
4266:CH-7057288
4131:7,8,3'-THF
4126:7,8,2'-THF
4052:Ranevetmab
4042:Fulranumab
3996:Rebastinib
3941:CH-7057288
3856:Cenegermin
3741:Agerafenib
3701:Agerafenib
3682:Vandetanib
3651:Vandetanib
3620:Vandetanib
3589:Vandetanib
3534:Olaratumab
3509:Ripretinib
3489:Nintedanib
3474:Lenvatinib
3464:Crenolanib
3449:Agerafenib
3368:Ranevetmab
3358:Fulranumab
3275:Cenegermin
3249:LNGF (p75)
3171:Xentuzumab
3133:Xentuzumab
3078:NVP-AEW541
3073:NVP-ADW742
3068:Linsitinib
3063:BMS-754807
3048:Mecasermin
2947:Tivantinib
2937:PHA-665752
2932:PF-2341066
2902:Golvatinib
2892:Crizotinib
2887:Capmatinib
2877:BMS-777607
2872:Amuvatinib
2748:Ersofermin
2711:Sprifermin
2667:Ersofermin
2616:Sprifermin
2606:Repifermin
2601:Palifermin
2534:Ersofermin
2513:Velafermin
2498:Repifermin
2451:Ersofermin
2370:ErbB4/HER4
2355:Patritumab
2316:ErbB3/HER3
2296:Mubritinib
2256:Pertuzumab
2229:ErbB2/HER2
2159:Vandetanib
2114:Canertinib
2109:Brigatinib
2104:Agerafenib
2084:Nepidermin
2079:Murodermin
2069:Epiregulin
2024:EGF (ErbB)
1982:Nesvacumab
1976:Evinacumab
1966:Rebastinib
1907:modulators
812:Zigmond MJ
723:References
384:-β, and -γ
127:incomplete
4609:Icrucumab
4589:WHI-P 154
4579:Tivozanib
4574:Toceranib
4569:Sunitinib
4564:Sorafenib
4559:Semaxanib
4539:Pazopanib
4529:Motesanib
4519:Lapatinib
4509:Cediranib
4447:Telbermin
4434:Agonists:
4382:GZ-389988
4362:CE-245677
4329:Agonists:
4281:GZ-389988
4261:CE-245677
4161:Diosmetin
4098:Agonists:
4064:Aptamers:
4057:Tanezumab
4032:Fasinumab
3976:Milciclib
3956:GZ-389988
3936:CE-245677
3838:Agonists:
3791:Toceranib
3786:Sunitinib
3781:Sorafenib
3771:Pazopanib
3766:Nilotinib
3761:Masitinib
3751:Dasatinib
3723:Agonists:
3669:Agonists:
3638:Agonists:
3607:Agonists:
3579:Liatermin
3571:Agonists:
3554:RET (GFL)
3544:Tovetumab
3524:Toceranib
3519:Sorafenib
3514:Sunitinib
3499:Radotinib
3494:Pazopanib
3484:Motesanib
3479:Masitinib
3414:Agonists:
3380:Aptamers:
3373:Tanezumab
3348:Fasinumab
3257:Agonists:
3113:Ganitumab
3033:IGF-1 LR3
2952:Volitinib
2907:INCB28060
2897:Foretinib
2803:Agonists:
2787:Trafermin
2745:Agonists:
2726:Burosumab
2716:Trafermin
2664:Agonists:
2631:Aprutumab
2621:Trafermin
2583:10 (KGF2)
2531:Agonists:
2508:Trafermin
2488:10 (KGF2)
2448:Agonists:
2378:Agonists:
2324:Agonists:
2306:Tucatinib
2301:Neratinib
2291:Lapatinib
2199:Matuzumab
2189:Futuximab
2174:Cetuximab
2164:WHI-P 154
2149:Neratinib
2144:Lapatinib
2134:Grandinin
2129:Gefitinib
2124:Erlotinib
2001:Agonists:
1961:CE-245677
1923:Agonists:
1725:Persephin
1720:Neurturin
1502:0014-4827
1449:0027-8424
1353:0022-1767
1287:0022-1007
1233:1359-4184
1120:1469-7580
1050:0897-7194
984:0302-766X
711:(M-CSF),
687:(PACAP),
671:(IGF-1),
529:Persephin
523:Persephin
518:Neurturin
512:Neurturin
461:persephin
457:neurturin
447:includes
368:prolactin
264:arthritis
193:thymocyte
52:or small
4791:instead)
4780:Renalase
4741:instead)
4712:instead)
4659:instead)
4499:Axitinib
4468:D (FIGF)
4412:PLX-7486
4402:ONO-4474
4357:AZD-6918
4311:PLX-7486
4301:ONO-4474
4256:AZD-6918
4238:Ligands:
4156:Deprenyl
4116:7,3'-DHF
4047:MEDI-578
4027:ASP-6294
3991:PLX-7486
3981:ONO-4474
3931:AZD-6918
3891:ALE-0540
3812:instead.
3756:Imatinib
3746:Axitinib
3726:Ancestim
3691:Unsorted
3469:Imatinib
3459:Axitinib
3363:MEDI-578
3343:ASP-6294
3310:ALE-0540
3152:Agonists
3093:AVE-1642
3019:Agonists
2942:SU-11274
2828:Agonists
2806:FGF15/19
2796:Unsorted
2761:2 (bFGF)
2680:2 (bFGF)
2547:2 (bFGF)
2464:2 (bFGF)
2286:Afatinib
2237:Agonists
2139:Icotinib
2099:Afatinib
2045:Agonists
1611:32315320
1603:10679429
1467:11259650
1361:24585880
1305:10811872
1241:17700574
1192:21253405
1138:12892403
1068:15518235
1002:18629541
945:29876053
895:21122249
887:16705273
836:22166417
707:(IL-8),
703:(IL-5),
699:(IL-3),
695:(IL-2),
691:(IL-1),
683:(PDGF),
675:(VEGF),
451:(GDNF),
366:(IL-6),
358:(CNTF),
54:proteins
50:peptides
4668:Ephrins
4372:DS-6051
4271:DS-6051
4176:LM22A-4
4166:DMAQ-B1
4121:7,8-DHF
4101:3,7-DHF
4070:RBM-004
4015:GBR-900
3946:DS-6051
3916:VM-902A
3386:RBM-004
3083:OSl-906
3043:Insulin
2922:MK-2461
2867:AMG-458
2004:Axokine
1735:Ephrins
1715:Artemin
1568:4369702
1560:1641039
1540:Bibcode
1510:8050491
1405:8789936
1296:2193155
1183:3022308
1129:1571144
1059:2504526
993:2516536
937:8794045
867:Bibcode
679:(FGF),
665:insulin
540:ephrins
534:Ephrins
507:Artemin
501:Artemin
495:axotomy
453:artemin
413:(LIF),
386:), and
362:(LIF),
278:(Trk),
98:in vivo
4638:Others
4332:BNN-20
4221:ANA-12
4146:BNN-20
3866:DHEA-S
3851:BNN-27
3846:BNN-20
3285:DHEA-S
3270:BNN-27
3265:BNN-20
3181:Others
2386:Epigen
2064:Epigen
1609:
1601:
1566:
1558:
1532:Nature
1508:
1500:
1465:
1455:
1447:
1403:
1383:Neuron
1359:
1351:
1303:
1293:
1285:
1239:
1231:
1190:
1180:
1136:
1126:
1118:
1066:
1056:
1048:
1000:
990:
982:
943:
935:
893:
885:
834:
791:
745:31 May
594:, the
578:, and
459:, and
427:leptin
376:leptin
292:spleen
288:thymus
260:asthma
197:thymus
84:, (2)
4787:(see
4737:(see
4708:(see
4655:(see
4387:K252a
4286:K252a
3961:K252a
3901:FX007
3661:GFRα4
3630:GFRα3
3599:GFRα2
3563:GFRα1
3191:IGFBP
3144:IGF-2
3123:R1507
3011:IGF-1
2917:K252a
2737:FGFR4
2656:FGFR3
2523:FGFR2
2440:FGFR1
1857:PACAP
1825:IGF-1
1813:Other
1607:S2CID
1564:S2CID
1528:(PDF)
1458:31889
941:S2CID
891:S2CID
4789:here
4739:here
4710:here
4657:here
4452:VEGF
4426:VEGF
4342:NT-3
4337:DHEA
4321:TrkC
4241:DHEA
4211:TDP6
4191:NT-4
4186:NT-3
4171:HIOC
4141:BDNF
4090:TrkB
3861:DHEA
3830:TrkA
3810:here
3808:See
3801:TGFβ
3406:PDGF
3300:NT-4
3295:NT-3
3280:DHEA
3260:BDNF
2009:CNTF
1993:CNTF
1862:VEGF
1804:IL-6
1794:CNTF
1710:GDNF
1692:NT-4
1687:NT-3
1682:BDNF
1599:PMID
1556:PMID
1506:PMID
1498:ISSN
1463:PMID
1445:ISSN
1401:PMID
1357:PMID
1349:ISSN
1301:PMID
1283:ISSN
1237:PMID
1229:ISSN
1188:PMID
1134:PMID
1116:ISSN
1064:PMID
1046:ISSN
998:PMID
980:ISSN
933:PMID
883:PMID
832:PMID
789:ISBN
747:2016
610:and
538:The
487:GFRα
443:The
284:TrkC
240:TrkA
189:TrkB
185:NT-4
72:and
42:NTFs
4206:R13
3876:NGF
3821:Trk
3290:NGF
3002:IGF
2862:AM7
2753:FGF
2672:FGF
2573:),
2571:KGF
2539:FGF
2456:FGF
2431:FGF
2033:EGF
1820:GMF
1799:LIF
1677:NGF
1591:doi
1548:doi
1536:358
1490:doi
1486:213
1453:PMC
1435:doi
1391:doi
1339:doi
1335:192
1291:PMC
1275:doi
1271:191
1219:doi
1178:PMC
1170:doi
1124:PMC
1108:doi
1104:203
1054:PMC
1038:doi
988:PMC
972:doi
968:333
925:doi
875:doi
824:doi
643:.
338:.
262:or
181:NGF
133:.
4823::
4700:B3
4698:,
4696:B2
4694:,
4692:B1
4690:,
4688:A5
4686:,
4684:A4
4682:,
4680:A3
4678:,
4676:A2
4674:,
4672:A1
4466:,
4462:,
4458:,
4201:R7
4017:;
3436:,
3432:,
3428:,
3217:,
3213:,
3209:,
3205:,
3201:,
3197:,
3154::
3021::
2830::
2781:19
2779:,
2775:,
2771:,
2767:,
2763:,
2759:,
2700:23
2698:,
2696:18
2694:,
2690:,
2686:,
2682:,
2678:,
2595:22
2593:,
2591:18
2589:,
2587:17
2585:,
2581:,
2577:,
2565:,
2561:,
2557:,
2553:,
2549:,
2545:,
2492:20
2490:,
2486:,
2482:,
2478:,
2474:,
2470:,
2466:,
2462:,
2414:,
2410:,
2406:,
2402:,
2337:,
2333:,
2239::
2047::
1778:B3
1773:B2
1768:B1
1763:A5
1758:A4
1753:A3
1748:A2
1743:A1
1659::
1655::
1605:.
1597:.
1587:10
1585:.
1562:.
1554:.
1546:.
1534:.
1530:.
1504:.
1496:.
1484:.
1461:.
1451:.
1443:.
1431:98
1429:.
1425:.
1413:^
1399:.
1387:16
1385:.
1381:.
1369:^
1355:.
1347:.
1333:.
1329:.
1313:^
1299:.
1289:.
1281:.
1269:.
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1235:.
1227:.
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1213:.
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1186:.
1176:.
1164:.
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1132:.
1122:.
1114:.
1102:.
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1076:^
1062:.
1052:.
1044:.
1034:22
1032:.
1028:.
1010:^
996:.
986:.
978:.
966:.
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903:^
889:.
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861:.
847:^
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830:.
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818:.
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759:^
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667:,
663:,
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598:,
582:.
580:B3
576:B2
574:,
572:B1
570:,
568:A5
566:,
564:A4
562:,
560:A3
558:,
556:A2
554:,
552:A1
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463:.
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405:,
390:.
378:,
374:,
370:,
294:,
290:,
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4670:(
4470:)
4464:C
4460:B
4456:A
4454:(
4003:)
3440:)
3438:D
3434:C
3430:B
3426:A
3424:(
3221:)
3219:7
3215:6
3211:5
3207:4
3203:3
3199:2
3195:1
3193:(
2783:)
2777:9
2773:8
2769:6
2765:4
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2702:)
2692:9
2688:8
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2676:1
2674:(
2597:)
2579:9
2575:8
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2567:7
2563:6
2559:5
2555:4
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1570:.
1550::
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1512:.
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1363:.
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1307:.
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1194:.
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1004:.
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927::
921:6
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20:)
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