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Nomenclature

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966:, and this natural tendency was accelerated by the Norman tradition of using surnames that were fixed and hereditary within individual families. In combination these two names are now known as the personal name or, simply, the name. There are many exceptions to this general rule: Westerners often insert a third or more names between the given and surnames; Chinese and Hungarian names have the family name preceding the given name; females now often retain their maiden names (their family surname) or combine, using a hyphen, their maiden name and the surname of their husband; some East Slavic nations insert the patronym (a name derived from the given name of the father) between the given and the family name; in Iceland the given name is used with the patronym, or matronym (a name derived from the given name of the mother), and surnames are rarely used. 5648: 1115:. However, work on the etymology of toponyms has found that many place names are descriptive, honorific or commemorative but frequently they have no meaning, or the meaning is obscure or lost. Also, the many categories of names are frequently interrelated. For example, many place-names are derived from personal names (Victoria), many names of planets and stars are derived from the names of 693:. This is the most numerous and basic building block of all folk taxonomies, the most frequently referred to, the most important psychologically, and among the first learned by children. These names can usually be associated directly with a second level group. Like life-form names these are primary lexemes. 946:. As the population increased, it gradually became necessary to identify people further—giving rise to names like John the butcher, Henry from Sutton, and Roger son of Richard...which naturally evolved into John Butcher, Henry Sutton, and Roger Richardson. We now know this additional name variously as the 808:
In keeping with the utilitarian view other authors maintain that ethnotaxonomies resemble more a "complex web of resemblances" than a neat hierarchy. Likewise, a recent study has suggested that some folk taxonomies display more than six ethnobiological categories. Others go further and even doubt the
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of the naming and classification of animals and plants in non-Western societies have revealed some general principles that suggest pre-scientific man's conceptual and linguistic method of organising the biological world in a hierarchical way. Such studies indicate that the urge to classify is a basic
914:, are presented, used and categorised in many ways depending on the language and culture. In most cultures (Indonesia is one exception) it is customary for individuals to be given at least two names. In Western culture, the first name is given at birth or shortly thereafter and is referred to as the 1172:
itself is the ordering of taxa (the objects of classification) into groups based on similarities or differences. Doing taxonomy entails identifying, describing, and naming taxa; therefore, in the scientific sense, nomenclature is the branch of taxonomy concerned with the application of scientific
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The distinction between onomastics and nomenclature is not readily clear: onomastics is an unfamiliar discipline to most people, and the use of nomenclature in an academic sense is also not commonly known. Although the two fields integrate, nomenclature concerns itself more with the rules and
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Due to social, political, religious, and cultural motivations, things that are the same may be given different names, while different things may be given the same name; closely related similar things may be considered separate, while on the other hand significantly different things might be
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given to various geographical features (geonyms), and also to cosmic features (cosmonyms). This could include names of mountains, rivers, seas, villages, towns, cities, countries, planets, stars etc. Toponymy can be further divided into specialist branches, like:
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Over the last few hundred years, the number of identified astronomical objects has risen from hundreds to over a billion, and more are discovered every year. Astronomers need universal systematic designations to unambiguously identify all of these objects using
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who hold that they spring from innate mental processes. The literature of ethnobiological classifications was reviewed in 2006. Folk classification is defined by the way in which members of a language community name and categorize plants and animals whereas
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The scientific need for simple, stable and internationally accepted systems for naming objects of the natural world has generated many formal nomenclatural systems. Probably the best known of these nomenclatural systems are the five codes of
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of internationally accepted classification categories. Maintenance of this system involves formal rules of nomenclature and periodic international meetings of review. This modern system evolved from the folk taxonomy of prehistory.
1024:, like "love" and "hate" refer to abstract objects. In English, many abstract nouns are formed by adding noun-forming suffixes ('-ness', '-ity', '-tion') to adjectives or verbs e.g. "happiness", "serenity", "concentration." 2778:
will help to harmonize the appearance and increase the robustness of ontological representational units such as class and relation names. A full free access paper with the naming conventions is accessible online under
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determines whether a particular organism matches a taxon that has already been classified and named – so classification must precede identification. This procedure is sometimes referred to as
1511: 1237: 1221:. The first botanical code was produced in 1905, the zoological code in 1889 and cultivated plant code in 1953. Agreement on the nomenclature and symbols for genes emerged in 1979. 2593: 1394: 1008:. Many proper names are obscure in meaning as they lack any apparent meaning in the way that ordinary words mean, probably for the practical reason that when they consist of 2537: 1453: 1362: 1232: 2808: 612:
refers to the hierarchical structure, organic content, and cultural function of biological classification that ethnobiologists find in every society around the world.
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Elucidating the connections between language (especially names and nouns), meaning, and the way we perceive the world has provided a rich field of study for
3625: 4851: 2475: 1154:(though distinct from it). Moreover, the precision demanded by science in the accurate naming of objects in the natural world has resulted in a variety of 4316: 3525: 2249:
Place names of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for over 5000 Natural Features, Countries, Capitals, Territories, Cities and Historic sites
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or terms, or the rules for forming these terms in a particular field of arts or sciences. The principles of naming vary from the relatively informal
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Folk Taxonomy is generally associated with the way rural or indigenous peoples use language to make sense of and organise the objects around them.
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of everyday speech to the internationally agreed principles, rules and recommendations that govern the formation and use of the specialist
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in 1753 and 1758 respectively, it was a long time before there was international consensus concerning the more general rules governing
745:) and an adjectival second word that helps describe the first, and therefore makes the name, as a whole, more "specific", for example, 4656: 4558: 1769: 1285: 2719: 2698: 2598: 2564: 2542: 2518: 2440: 1941: 1838: 1371: 1261:(the International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature) – a recent code of biological nomenclature that took effect in 2020 (see also 655:. A single all-inclusive name rarely used in folk taxonomies but loosely equivalent to an original living thing, a "common ancestor" 1734: 1443:. These books are supplemented by shorter recommendations for specific circumstances which are published from time to time in the 5680: 5675: 5484: 5266: 5142: 4989: 2834: 2182: 1330: 2121: 5058: 3620: 2794: 1311: 1304: 805:
is derived from this simple and practical way of constructing common names—but with the use of Latin as a universal language.
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as people distinguish the objects of their experience, together with their similarities and differences, which observers
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are names with the same meaning, and so on. The entire field could be described as chrematonymy—the names of things.
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Modern scientific taxonomy has been described as "basically a Renaissance codification of folk taxonomic principles
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The capitalization of nouns varies with language and even the particular context: journals often have their own
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Folk Classification: A Topically Arranged Bibliography of Contemporary and Background References through 1971.
1177:, based on a particular classification scheme, in accordance with agreed international rules and conventions. 634:
these groups (ethnobiological categories) are arranged hierarchically, generally into mutually exclusive ranks
2310:, and Stephen C. Powell. 1990. "Bibliography of Place-Name Literature, United States and Canada, 1980–1988." 1955:
Ethnobiological classification – principles of categorization of plants and animals in traditional societies.
342:, which has a wide-ranging scope that encompasses all names, languages, and geographical regions, as well as 5589: 5524: 5519: 5499: 5386: 4956: 4288: 3649: 3130: 3057: 2912: 2016: 1929: 1890: 1852: 1218: 1196: 259: 251: 247: 197: 2501: 2454:
Enzyme Nomenclature 1992: Recommendations of the NCIUBMB on the Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes.
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who maintain that names and classifications reflect mainly material concerns, and "intellectualists" like
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Toponymy has popular appeal because of its socio-cultural and historical interest and significance for
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and their function within the context of language, rather that as "labels" for objects and properties.
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the ranks at which particular organisms are named and classified is often similar in different cultures
2762:, the study of names and naming practices, both in the United States and abroad. Retrieved 2010-01-11. 2155: 1653: 942:
generally used single names: each person was identified by a single name as either a personal name or
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are established for a purpose. The scientific classification system anchors each organism within the
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can be defined as the study of classification including its principles, procedures and rules, while
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like "cabbage" refer to physical bodies that can be observed by at least one of the senses while
1013: 880:. The distinction between names and nouns, if made at all, is extremely subtle, although clearly 848: 475: 395: 181: 158: 631:
in all languages there are about five or six ethnobiological categories of graded inclusiveness
398:. In contrast, mutually unintelligible dialects that differ considerably in structure, such as 5609: 5322: 5088: 4577: 4457: 3851: 3817: 3812: 3381: 3301: 3140: 3022: 2715: 2694: 2560: 2481: 2457: 2436: 2402: 2381: 2360: 2256: 2188: 2135: 2051: 1998: 1958: 1937: 1913: 1903: 1834: 1826: 1610: 1568: 1531: 1403: 1354: 1277: 1210: 1155: 1105: 1004:, while common names are used in a more general sense in reference to a class of objects e.g. 828: 5539: 5207: 5083: 5078: 4979: 4900: 4797: 4465: 4434: 4341: 4200: 3921: 3445: 3356: 3180: 3175: 2977: 2340: 2287: 2127: 2100: 2090: 2043: 1382: 885: 793:). These noun-adjective binomials are just like our own names with a family or surname like 513: 108: 102: 49: 5670: 5584: 5212: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5053: 5018: 4969: 4927: 4821: 4698: 4605: 4447: 4424: 4383: 4137: 4097: 3909: 3590: 3505: 3261: 3240: 3190: 3170: 3110: 3077: 3032: 3027: 2987: 2872: 2312: 2307: 1470: 1214: 1009: 543: 407: 399: 375: 266: 43: 4893: 2663: 501: 189: 5437: 5105: 5068: 4947: 4939: 4878: 4870: 4846: 4836: 4768: 4712: 4677: 4553: 4535: 4485: 4378: 4225: 4160: 4104: 3780: 3705: 3341: 3296: 3120: 3052: 2927: 2922: 2523: 2332: 2047: 1885: 1804: 1289: 923: 907: 596: 539: 227: 2768:
A wiki dedicated to the education and sharing of naming schemes. Retrieved 2010-01-11.
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Distinctions may be made between particular kinds of names simply by using the suffix
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In almost all cultures objects are named using one or two words equivalent to 'kind' (
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Newmaster, Stephen G., et al. 2006. "Mechanisms of Ethnobiological Classifications."
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and another adjectival Christian or forename name that specifies which Simpson, say
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these groups are arranged into more inclusive groups or ethnobiological categories
2709: 2688: 2278:(4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Includes the origin of place-names.) 1888:. 1973. "General principles of classification and nomenclature in folk biology." 625:
in all languages natural groups of organisms are distinguished (present-day taxa)
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The Advent of PhyloCode: The Continuing Evolution of Biological Nomenclature
1764: 1415: 1358: 1325: 1258: 1101: 951: 549: 528: 471: 462:. Relevant areas of study include: the distinction between proper names and 449: 243: 235: 201: 1687:
Romani in Britain: The Afterlife of a Language: The Afterlife of a Language
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reality of such categories, especially those above the generic name level.
2131: 1746: 801:. It seems reasonable to assume that the form of scientific names we call 5599: 5450: 5356: 5344: 5305: 5283: 5174: 5063: 5008: 4831: 4630: 4090: 4043: 4002: 3973: 3961: 3904: 3884: 3846: 3807: 3580: 3271: 2892: 2852: 2786: 2765: 2739:("What's In a Name?" Chapbook Series; 2.) Sioux City, Ia.: Schütz Verlag. 1526: 1097: 1089: 1078: 1062: 967: 943: 840: 467: 459: 436:
so, in some way, they mirror or represent the objects of our experience.
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includes an appendix (Appendix C) detailing problems of nomenclature in
930:. In England prior to the Norman invasion of 1066, small communities of 5455: 5197: 5169: 4637: 4265: 4020: 3967: 3926: 3775: 3749: 3700: 3291: 2847: 1709:
Languages in the world: how history culture and politics shape language
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Hopwood, Tindell A. 1959. "The Development of Pre-Linnaean Taxonomy."
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In a strictly scientific sense, nomenclature is regarded as a part of
5366: 5241: 4351: 3797: 3371: 1399: 1005: 963: 863:. It is names as nouns that are the building blocks of nomenclature. 150: 2079:"The Hunting of the SNaRC: A Snarky Solution to the Species Problem" 1912:
6:1–71 (English ed.), edited by M. Mauss. London: Cohen & West.
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Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, Sections A, B, C, D, E, F, and H
200:, while the way humans mentally structure the world in relation to 5316: 5045: 5031: 5027: 2857: 1432: 1407: 1120: 1054: 1048: 852: 836: 575: 561: 553: 383: 363: 286: 263: 154: 27:
System of names or terms in a particular field of arts or sciences
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like "he", "it", "which", and "those" stand in place of nouns in
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wild and cultivated plants (whether they are managed or not); and
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Describing Species: Practical Taxonomic Procedure for Biologists
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of things; or a single thing, either uniquely or within a given
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An Essay Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language
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Illustrated Dictionary of Place Names: United States and Canada
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International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
246:(the derivation, history and use of names) as revealed through 1419:, defines a large number of technical terms used in chemistry. 827:
A name is a label for any noun: names can identify a class or
429: 141: 82: 2774:
The application of unified labeling or naming conventions in
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Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature, Definitive Rules 1997.
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Westmead, Sydney: RCPA Haematology QAP. Retrieved 2009-09-23.
1012:, they refer to groups, even when they are inflected for the 138: 79: 2557:
Nomenclature of inorganic chemistry II: recommendations 2000
1811:, and Dennis E. Breedlove. 1971. "The Origins of Taxonomy." 1096:, the study of proper names of villages, towns and citties; 318:, which can also indicate a provider or announcer of names. 2477:
International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature (PhyloCode)
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New Haven, CT: Yale University Department of Anthropology.
587:(whether they are considered to be a nuisance or not), etc. 135: 123: 117: 91: 76: 67: 64: 55: 2749: 2612:
Compendium of Chemical Terminology, IUPAC Recommendations.
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Morris, B. 1984. "The Pragmatics of Folk Classification."
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The levels, moving from the most to least inclusive, are:
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embedded in different languages, connects nomenclature to
30:"Nomenclatura" redirects here. For the Soviet elites, see 1721:
Benesty, Jacob, M. Mohan Sondhi, and Yiteng Huang. 2008.
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International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
1108:, the study of proper names of mountains and hills, etc. 1238:
International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants
1381:: the two publications containing the rules for naming 974:
names) are informal names used mostly between friends.
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Names' Names: A Descriptive and Prescriptive Onymicon.
1991:
Naming Nature: The Clash Between Instinct and Science.
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Names' Names: A Descriptive and Prescriptive Onymicon.
1092:, the study of proper names of regions and countries; 382:). However, they are favored as separate languages by 350:
conventions that are used for the formation of names.
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An Alphabetical Guide to the Language of Name Studies
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Prosopography Approaches and Applications: A Handbook
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The Smithsonian/NASA Astrophysics Data System. 1978
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The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names
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can be illustrated through the Western tradition of
410:, are considered to be the same language due to the 132: 73: 5618: 5474: 5435: 5190: 5162: 5044: 4955: 4936: 4869: 4758: 4668: 4576: 4494: 4456: 4433: 4350: 4297: 4264: 4179: 4146: 4063: 4052: 3947: 3877: 3758: 3732: 3683: 3548: 3397: 3249: 3086: 2833: 2640:
3rd edn. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
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2nd edn. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
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Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry
466:; as well as the relationship between names, their 192:. The use of names, as the many different kinds of 120: 111: 61: 58: 2538:A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 2077:Mishler, Brent D.; Wilkins, John S. (March 2018). 1100:, the study of proper names of streets and roads; 1454:International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry 1363:International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry 1233:International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes 1209:was rapidly adopted after the publication of his 1000:is that proper names denote a unique entity e.g. 354:Influence of social, political, religious factors 500:" Formal systems of scientific nomenclature and 370:are both closely related, mutually intelligible 2625:Biochemical Nomenclature and Related Documents. 428:Names provide us with a way of structuring and 2693:. Oxford: Unit for Prosopographical Research. 2474:Cantino, Philip D.; de Queiroz, Kevin (2020). 1633:Nomenclature – definitions from Dictionary.com 165:used in scientific and any other disciplines. 5413: 3657: 2802: 2781:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/10/125 1609:(18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 1243:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature 1104:, the study of proper names of water bodies; 875: 8: 2653:. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. 2555:Connelly Neil G., McCleverty Jon A. (2001). 2207:Glossary of linguistic terms: what is a noun 1977:Proceedings of the Linnaean Society (London) 1452:. These systems can be accessed through the 1136:Nomenclature, classification, identification 733:) the name usually consists of a noun (like 312:refers to a list of names, as does the word 2750:International Council of Onomastic Sciences 2664:Symbols, units and nomenclature in physics. 2380:. London: Elsevier Academic Press. p. 552. 2220: 2083:Philosophy, Theory, and Practice in Biology 595:frames this interpretation through either " 305: 299: 289: 168:Naming "things" is a part of general human 5420: 5406: 5398: 4952: 4430: 4060: 3664: 3650: 3642: 3526:Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language 2809: 2795: 2787: 2714:. Lanham and London: The Scarecrow Press. 2480:. CRC Press. p. Boca Raton, Florida. 1398:, contains recommendations for the use of 1061:(ὄνομα, 'name'). So we have, for example, 2651:Compendium of Macromolecular Nomenclature 2559:. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. 2452:NC-ICBMB & Webb, Edwin C.(eds) 1992. 2104: 2094: 1936:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1606:Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary 390:respectively, as seen in the context of 2401:. New YorK: Columbia University Press. 1957:Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1906:. 1963. "Primitive Classifications ." 1552: 226:(concerned with human names, including 2030:Guasparri, Andrea (14 February 2022). 1800: 1798: 1730:Springer handbook of speech processing 394:resulting in the violence of the 1947 2324: 2322: 1864: 1862: 1468:: the classic English translation of 1158:(worldwide-accepted sets of rules on 7: 2232: 1361:in general. It is maintained by the 5626:International scientific vocabulary 2671:93(1–2):1–60. Retrieved 2009-09-23. 2359:(6th ed.) Oxford: Clarenden Press. 1789:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1752:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 835:. Names are given, for example, to 2435:. New York: Columbia Press. p.10. 2048:10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a2 1770:Australasian Journal of Philosophy 1357:and for describing the science of 1286:Global Medical Device Nomenclature 1271:– international standard on human 25: 2599:Blackwell Scientific Publications 2543:Blackwell Scientific Publications 2357:Shorter Oxford English Dictionary 2337:Principles of Angiosperm Taxonomy 2187:Oxford: Oxford University Press. 5646: 4312:Democratic Republic of the Congo 2120:Laurin, Michel (3 August 2023). 2096:10.3998/ptpbio.16039257.0010.001 1724:Separate Language Versus Dialect 1565:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary 1331:International Astronomical Union 727:). When made up of two words (a 242:(the study of place names); and 107: 48: 1735:Springer Science+Business Media 1486:symbols, units and nomenclature 1312:astronomical naming conventions 1305:Astronomical naming conventions 926:(if given then), or simply the 440:Names, words, language, meaning 412:pan-Islamism religious identity 5545:Language-for-specific-purposes 3466:Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus 2204:Loos, Eugene E., et al. 2003. 1672:2.) Sioux City: Schütz Verlag. 180:: it is an aspect of everyday 1: 3347:Principle of compositionality 2418:Lawrence, George H. M. 1951. 1247:Virus nomenclature – used in 978:Common names and proper names 870:is possibly derived from the 222:and their origins, includes: 3496:Philosophical Investigations 2422:. New York: Macmillan. p. 3. 1767:. 1981. "What's in a name?" 872:Proto-Indo-European language 304:('to call'). The Latin term 5636:List of online dictionaries 3337:Modality (natural language) 2772:Ontology Naming Conventions 2735:Scheetz, George H. (1988). 2420:Taxonomy of Vascular Plants 2158:Online Etymology Dictionary 1884:, Dennis E. Breedlove, and 1817:174(4015):1210–13. p. 1210. 322:Onomastics and nomenclature 5697: 4975:Imperial, royal, and noble 3476:Language, Truth, and Logic 3216:Theological noncognitivism 3101:Contrast theory of meaning 3096:Causal theory of reference 2827:Index of language articles 2376:Simpson, Michael G. 2006. 2106:2027/spo.16039257.0010.001 1692:Edinburgh University Press 1449:Pure and Applied Chemistry 1342: 1302: 1194: 1139: 1076: 1046: 981: 895: 816: 485: 443: 421: 325: 29: 5644: 5382: 5059:Imperial, royal and noble 3616: 3561:Philosophy of information 3161:Mediated reference theory 2824: 2500:Rozenberg, Gillian 2004. 2397:Winston, Judith E. 1999. 1706:, and Phillip M. Carter. 1664:Scheetz, George H. 1988. 1567:(3rd ed.). Longman. 1431:(in association with the 1406:(in association with the 1263:Phylogenetic nomenclature 1160:biological classification 723:) and 'particular kind' ( 647:"unique beginner" — e.g. 506:biological classification 3900:Maiden and married names 3486:Two Dogmas of Empiricism 2456:London: Academic Press. 1755:. Retrieved: 2009-09-23. 1441:macromolecular chemistry 1146:Identification (biology) 992:The distinction between 446:Proper name (philosophy) 5681:Linguistics terminology 5676:Scientific nomenclature 5387:Category:Lists of names 3287:Use–mention distinction 3131:Direct reference theory 2627:London: Portland Press. 2253:McFarland & Company 2195:. Retrieved 2009-09-23. 2017:Journal of Ethnobiology 1891:American Anthropologist 1853:Journal of Ethnobiology 1792:. Retrieved 2009-09-23. 1219:biological nomenclature 1197:Biological nomenclature 1131:Scientific nomenclature 876: 707:"varietal name" — e.g. 696:"specific name" — e.g. 546:(nature of life cycle); 260:biological nomenclature 252:descriptive linguistics 198:theoretical linguistics 5631:List of lexicographers 4317:Eritrean and Ethiopian 3221:Theory of descriptions 3156:Linguistic determinism 2818:Philosophy of language 2685:Keats-Rohan, Katharine 2431:Stuessy, Tod F. 2008. 1353:is a system of naming 1326:Meteorite nomenclature 1321:Planetary nomenclature 1269:Terminologia Anatomica 1065:name bodies of water, 910:, also referred to as 787:giant stinking hogweed 677:"generic name" — e.g. 510:classification systems 424:Philosophy of language 306: 300: 290: 210:philosophy of language 5560:Monolingual learner's 5247:Galton–Watson process 4852:Ancient Tamil country 4274:Australian Aboriginal 3332:Mental representation 3267:Linguistic relativity 3151:Inquisitive semantics 2783:Retrieved 2010-01-11. 2756:American Name Society 2752:Retrieved 2009-09-23. 2708:Room, Adrian (1996). 2503:Red Cell Nomenclature 2211:Retrieved 2009-09-23. 2184:The Grammar of Names. 2132:10.1201/9781003092827 1989:Yoon, Carol K. 2009. 1953:Berlin, Brent. 1992. 1850:Balee, William 1993. 1704:Andresen, Julie Tetel 1668:("What's In a Name?" 1522:Controlled vocabulary 1517:British Approved Name 1500:archaeological record 1282:Red Cell Nomenclature 1207:binomial nomenclature 1156:codes of nomenclature 803:binomial nomenclature 492:Binomial nomenclature 476:structure of language 418:Cultural nomenclature 392:Hindu-Muslim conflict 359:considered the same. 5014:Post-nominal letters 4133:Indigenous Taiwanese 3516:Naming and Necessity 3426:De Arte Combinatoria 3225:Definite description 3186:Semantic externalism 2776:ontology engineering 1995:W.W. Norton & Co 1909:L'Année Sociologique 1476:weights and measures 1437:analytical chemistry 1273:anatomic terminology 1249:Virus classification 962:or occasionally the 616:Ethnographic studies 601:Bronislaw Malinowski 372:Hindustani languages 332:The study of proper 285:is derived from the 5600:Spelling dictionary 5510:Defining vocabulary 5374:Surnames by country 4999:Pre-nominal letters 4056:Surnames by country 3566:Philosophical logic 3556:Analytic philosophy 3362:Sense and reference 3241:Verification theory 3196:Situation semantics 2597:(3rd ed.). Oxford: 2308:Powell, Margaret S. 1404:physical quantities 1387:inorganic compounds 1254:Enzyme nomenclature 884:refers to names as 658:"life form" — e.g. 605:Claude Lévi-Strauss 504:are exemplified by 5652:Linguistics portal 5485:Advanced learner's 5237:Endonym and exonym 5180:Calendar of saints 5163:Related traditions 4937:Manners of address 4299:Sub-Saharan Africa 3720:Nobiliary particle 3416:Port-Royal Grammar 3312:Family resemblance 3231:Theory of language 3206:Supposition theory 2353:Onions, Charles T. 2223:, p. 164-165. 2089:(20220112): 1–18. 1930:Levy-Bruhl, Lucien 1827:Conklin, Harold C. 1814:Science New Series 1355:chemical compounds 1351:IUPAC nomenclature 1345:IUPAC nomenclature 1142:Taxonomy (biology) 1039:for common names. 1016:e.g. "committee". 970:(sometimes called 886:lexical categories 874:hypothesised word 855:names—and even to 396:Partition of India 5658: 5657: 5395: 5394: 5323:Personal identity 5158: 5157: 4865: 4864: 4806: 4754: 4753: 4715: 4708: 4701: 4659: 4640: 4633: 4626: 4619: 4567: 4538: 4531: 4524: 4517: 4419: 4412: 4107: 4100: 4093: 4086: 3878:By life situation 3831: 3639: 3638: 3141:Dynamic semantics 2766:Namingschemes.com 2462:978-0-12-227165-6 2407:978-0-231-06825-3 2386:978-0-12-644460-5 2378:Plant Systematics 2365:978-0-19-923324-3 2341:Oliver & Boyd 2333:Vernon H. Heywood 2288:Harder, Kelsie B. 2261:978-0-7864-0172-7 2251:. Jefferson, NC: 2193:978-0-19-929741-2 2179:Anderson, John M. 2141:978-1-003-09282-7 2036:Anthropozoologica 2003:978-0-393-06197-0 1963:978-0-691-09469-4 1934:How Natives Think 1918:978-0-226-17334-4 1616:978-0-521-15255-6 1574:978-1-4058-8118-0 1532:Naming convention 1288:(GMDN) – used in 1278:Gene nomenclature 1211:Species Plantarum 1057:, from the Greek 432:the world in our 16:(Redirected from 5688: 5650: 5550:Machine-readable 5422: 5415: 5408: 5399: 5208:Anthropomorphism 4953: 4901:Buddhist surname 4802: 4711: 4704: 4697: 4657:Hispanic America 4655: 4636: 4629: 4622: 4615: 4563: 4534: 4527: 4522:African-American 4520: 4513: 4431: 4415: 4408: 4379:Ashkenazi Jewish 4184:and Western Asia 4149:and Central Asia 4103: 4096: 4089: 4082: 4061: 3922:Placeholder name 3827: 3771:Double-barrelled 3666: 3659: 3652: 3643: 3601:Formal semantics 3549:Related articles 3541: 3531: 3521: 3511: 3501: 3491: 3481: 3471: 3461: 3451: 3441: 3431: 3421: 3411: 3181:Relevance theory 3176:Phallogocentrism 2811: 2804: 2797: 2788: 2725: 2704: 2672: 2660: 2654: 2647: 2641: 2634: 2628: 2621: 2615: 2608: 2602: 2589: 2583: 2577: 2571: 2570: 2552: 2546: 2533: 2527: 2514: 2508: 2498: 2492: 2491: 2471: 2465: 2450: 2444: 2429: 2423: 2416: 2410: 2395: 2389: 2374: 2368: 2350: 2344: 2326: 2317: 2305: 2299: 2285: 2279: 2269: 2263: 2242: 2236: 2230: 2224: 2221:Keats-Rohan 2007 2218: 2212: 2202: 2196: 2176: 2170: 2169: 2167: 2166: 2152: 2146: 2145: 2117: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2098: 2074: 2068: 2067: 2027: 2021: 2012: 2006: 1987: 1981: 1972: 1966: 1951: 1945: 1927: 1921: 1901: 1895: 1879: 1873: 1866: 1857: 1848: 1842: 1824: 1818: 1802: 1793: 1780: 1774: 1762: 1756: 1744: 1738: 1719: 1713: 1701: 1695: 1679: 1673: 1662: 1656: 1651: 1645: 1644: 1642: 1641: 1627: 1621: 1620: 1585: 1579: 1578: 1557: 1010:Collective nouns 879: 791:hammerhead shark 713:butter lima bean 619:human instinct. 514:nested hierarchy 311: 303: 293: 267:scientific names 262:that govern the 148: 147: 144: 143: 140: 137: 134: 131: 128: 125: 122: 119: 116: 113: 106: 98: 97: 94: 93: 90: 85: 84: 81: 78: 75: 72: 69: 66: 63: 60: 57: 54: 47: 21: 5696: 5695: 5691: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5686: 5685: 5661: 5660: 5659: 5654: 5640: 5614: 5470: 5438:reference works 5431: 5426: 5396: 5391: 5378: 5213:Personification 5186: 5154: 5040: 4942: 4938: 4932: 4928:Theophoric name 4861: 4766: 4750: 4664: 4572: 4490: 4452: 4429: 4358: 4346: 4293: 4260: 4183: 4175: 4148: 4142: 4054: 4048: 3943: 3910:Posthumous name 3873: 3754: 3728: 3679: 3670: 3640: 3635: 3612: 3591:School of Names 3544: 3539: 3529: 3519: 3509: 3506:Of Grammatology 3499: 3489: 3479: 3469: 3459: 3449: 3439: 3429: 3419: 3409: 3393: 3245: 3191:Semantic holism 3171:Non-cognitivism 3111:Conventionalism 3082: 2829: 2820: 2815: 2746: 2732: 2730:Further reading 2722: 2707: 2701: 2683: 2680: 2675: 2661: 2657: 2648: 2644: 2635: 2631: 2622: 2618: 2609: 2605: 2590: 2586: 2578: 2574: 2567: 2554: 2553: 2549: 2534: 2530: 2515: 2511: 2499: 2495: 2488: 2473: 2472: 2468: 2451: 2447: 2430: 2426: 2417: 2413: 2396: 2392: 2375: 2371: 2351: 2347: 2329:Davis, Peter H. 2327: 2320: 2316:38(1/2):49–141. 2306: 2302: 2286: 2282: 2270: 2266: 2243: 2239: 2231: 2227: 2219: 2215: 2203: 2199: 2177: 2173: 2164: 2162: 2154: 2153: 2149: 2142: 2119: 2118: 2114: 2076: 2075: 2071: 2029: 2028: 2024: 2013: 2009: 1988: 1984: 1973: 1969: 1952: 1948: 1928: 1924: 1904:Durkheim, Emile 1902: 1898: 1880: 1876: 1867: 1860: 1849: 1845: 1825: 1821: 1805:Raven, Peter H. 1803: 1796: 1781: 1777: 1763: 1759: 1745: 1741: 1720: 1716: 1702: 1698: 1680: 1676: 1670:Chapbook Series 1663: 1659: 1652: 1648: 1639: 1637: 1629: 1628: 1624: 1617: 1587: 1586: 1582: 1575: 1559: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1508: 1471:De re metallica 1462: 1347: 1341: 1307: 1301: 1290:medical devices 1215:Systema Naturae 1199: 1193: 1148: 1140:Main articles: 1138: 1133: 1081: 1075: 1051: 1045: 990: 982:Main articles: 980: 904: 896:Main articles: 894: 825: 817:Main articles: 815: 813:Names and nouns 597:utilitarianists 578:(growth habit); 564:(culinary use); 494: 486:Main articles: 484: 452: 444:Main articles: 442: 426: 420: 408:Lebanese Arabic 400:Moroccan Arabic 356: 330: 324: 279: 218:, the study of 208:relates to the 110: 101: 100: 87: 51: 42: 41: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5694: 5692: 5684: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5663: 5662: 5656: 5655: 5645: 5642: 5641: 5639: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5622: 5620: 5616: 5615: 5613: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5481: 5479: 5472: 5471: 5469: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5442: 5440: 5433: 5432: 5427: 5425: 5424: 5417: 5410: 5402: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5389: 5383: 5380: 5379: 5377: 5376: 5371: 5370: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5353: 5352: 5337: 5332: 5331: 5330: 5320: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5280: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5261: 5260: 5259: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5223: 5222: 5221: 5220: 5205: 5200: 5194: 5192: 5188: 5187: 5185: 5184: 5183: 5182: 5172: 5166: 5164: 5160: 5159: 5156: 5155: 5153: 5152: 5151: 5150: 5145: 5143:Ecclesiastical 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5119: 5118: 5113: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5092: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5056: 5050: 5048: 5042: 5041: 5039: 5038: 5037: 5036: 5035: 5034: 5021: 5011: 5001: 4996: 4995: 4994: 4993: 4992: 4990:Ecclesiastical 4982: 4977: 4972: 4961: 4959: 4950: 4934: 4933: 4931: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4919: 4918: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4897: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4879:Christian name 4875: 4873: 4867: 4866: 4863: 4862: 4860: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4808: 4807: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4774: 4772: 4769:Southeast Asia 4756: 4755: 4752: 4751: 4749: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4717: 4716: 4709: 4702: 4693:Eastern Slavic 4690: 4685: 4680: 4674: 4672: 4666: 4665: 4663: 4662: 4661: 4660: 4648: 4643: 4642: 4641: 4634: 4627: 4620: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4582: 4580: 4574: 4573: 4571: 4570: 4569: 4568: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4540: 4539: 4532: 4525: 4518: 4506: 4500: 4498: 4492: 4491: 4489: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4462: 4460: 4454: 4453: 4451: 4450: 4445: 4439: 4437: 4428: 4427: 4422: 4421: 4420: 4413: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4365: 4363: 4348: 4347: 4345: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4303: 4301: 4295: 4294: 4292: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4270: 4268: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4187: 4185: 4177: 4176: 4174: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4152: 4150: 4144: 4143: 4141: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4109: 4108: 4101: 4094: 4087: 4075: 4069: 4067: 4058: 4050: 4049: 4047: 4046: 4041: 4040: 4039: 4034: 4024: 4017: 4012: 4011: 4010: 4000: 3993: 3992: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3971: 3964: 3958: 3956: 3945: 3944: 3942: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3930: 3929: 3919: 3918: 3917: 3912: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3881: 3879: 3875: 3874: 3872: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3855: 3854: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3833: 3832: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3794: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3773: 3768: 3762: 3760: 3756: 3755: 3753: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3736: 3734: 3730: 3729: 3727: 3726: 3725: 3724: 3723: 3722: 3712: 3698: 3693: 3687: 3685: 3681: 3680: 3673:Personal names 3671: 3669: 3668: 3661: 3654: 3646: 3637: 3636: 3634: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3617: 3614: 3613: 3611: 3610: 3605: 3604: 3603: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3552: 3550: 3546: 3545: 3543: 3542: 3532: 3522: 3512: 3502: 3492: 3482: 3472: 3462: 3452: 3442: 3432: 3422: 3412: 3401: 3399: 3395: 3394: 3392: 3391: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3342:Presupposition 3339: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3253: 3251: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3121:Deconstruction 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3092: 3090: 3084: 3083: 3081: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2839: 2837: 2831: 2830: 2825: 2822: 2821: 2816: 2814: 2813: 2806: 2799: 2791: 2785: 2784: 2769: 2763: 2753: 2745: 2744:External links 2742: 2741: 2740: 2731: 2728: 2727: 2726: 2720: 2705: 2699: 2687:, ed. (2007). 2679: 2676: 2674: 2673: 2655: 2642: 2629: 2616: 2603: 2584: 2572: 2565: 2547: 2528: 2524:Pergamon Press 2509: 2493: 2486: 2466: 2445: 2433:Plant Taxonomy 2424: 2411: 2390: 2369: 2345: 2318: 2300: 2280: 2272:Ekwall, Eilert 2264: 2237: 2225: 2213: 2197: 2171: 2147: 2140: 2112: 2069: 2022: 2007: 1982: 1967: 1946: 1922: 1896: 1886:Peter H. Raven 1874: 1858: 1843: 1819: 1794: 1775: 1757: 1739: 1714: 1696: 1674: 1657: 1646: 1622: 1615: 1580: 1573: 1561:Wells, John C. 1551: 1549: 1546: 1545: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1507: 1504: 1503: 1502: 1489: 1479: 1461: 1460:Other sciences 1458: 1421: 1420: 1411: 1390: 1343:Main article: 1340: 1337: 1336: 1335: 1334: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1303:Main article: 1300: 1297: 1296: 1295: 1294: 1293: 1283: 1280: 1275: 1266: 1256: 1251: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1195:Main article: 1192: 1189: 1181:Identification 1170:classification 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1077:Main article: 1074: 1071: 1047:Main article: 1044: 1041: 1022:abstract nouns 1018:Concrete nouns 979: 976: 924:baptismal name 908:personal names 893: 892:Personal names 890: 814: 811: 717: 716: 709:baby lima bean 705: 694: 675: 656: 641: 640: 639: 638: 635: 632: 629: 626: 589: 588: 582: 579: 565: 558:culinary herbs 547: 502:classification 483: 480: 441: 438: 422:Main article: 419: 416: 378:and the other 355: 352: 344:cultural areas 326:Main article: 323: 320: 278: 275: 228:personal names 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5693: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5668: 5666: 5653: 5649: 5643: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5623: 5621: 5617: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5482: 5480: 5478: 5473: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5434: 5430: 5423: 5418: 5416: 5411: 5409: 5404: 5403: 5400: 5388: 5385: 5384: 5381: 5375: 5372: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5351: 5348: 5347: 5346: 5343: 5342: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5329: 5326: 5325: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5318: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5301: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5264: 5262: 5258: 5255: 5254: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5219: 5216: 5215: 5214: 5211: 5210: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5195: 5193: 5189: 5181: 5178: 5177: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5167: 5165: 5161: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5140: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5108: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5061: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5051: 5049: 5047: 5043: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5016: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5006: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4991: 4988: 4987: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4967: 4966: 4963: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4935: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4923:Mandaean name 4921: 4917: 4914: 4913: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4884:Biblical name 4882: 4881: 4880: 4877: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4868: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4805: 4801: 4800: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4714: 4710: 4707: 4703: 4700: 4696: 4695: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4667: 4658: 4654: 4653: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4639: 4635: 4632: 4628: 4625: 4621: 4618: 4614: 4613: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4575: 4566: 4562: 4561: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4537: 4533: 4530: 4526: 4523: 4519: 4516: 4512: 4511: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4493: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4463: 4461: 4459: 4455: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4432: 4426: 4423: 4418: 4414: 4411: 4410:Ancient Greek 4407: 4406: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4357: 4356:North America 4353: 4349: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4296: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4263: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4188: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4147:Northern Asia 4145: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4106: 4102: 4099: 4095: 4092: 4088: 4085: 4081: 4080: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4051: 4045: 4042: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4029: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4022: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4009: 4006: 4005: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3998: 3997:Nom de guerre 3994: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3976: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3969: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3928: 3925: 3924: 3923: 3920: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3907: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3882: 3880: 3876: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3853: 3850: 3849: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3830: 3826: 3825: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3778: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3763: 3761: 3757: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3737: 3735: 3731: 3721: 3718: 3717: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3707: 3704: 3703: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3688: 3686: 3684:Personal name 3682: 3678: 3674: 3667: 3662: 3660: 3655: 3653: 3648: 3647: 3644: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3618: 3615: 3609: 3606: 3602: 3599: 3598: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3586:Scholasticism 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3547: 3538: 3537: 3533: 3528: 3527: 3523: 3518: 3517: 3513: 3508: 3507: 3503: 3498: 3497: 3493: 3488: 3487: 3483: 3478: 3477: 3473: 3468: 3467: 3463: 3457: 3453: 3448: 3447: 3443: 3438: 3437: 3433: 3428: 3427: 3423: 3418: 3417: 3413: 3408: 3407: 3403: 3402: 3400: 3396: 3390: 3389: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3254: 3252: 3248: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3201:Structuralism 3199: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3126:Descriptivism 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3106:Contrastivism 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3085: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2823: 2819: 2812: 2807: 2805: 2800: 2798: 2793: 2792: 2789: 2782: 2777: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2761: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2747: 2743: 2738: 2734: 2733: 2729: 2723: 2721:9780810831698 2717: 2713: 2712: 2706: 2702: 2700:9781900934121 2696: 2692: 2691: 2686: 2682: 2681: 2677: 2670: 2669: 2665: 2659: 2656: 2652: 2646: 2643: 2639: 2633: 2630: 2626: 2620: 2617: 2613: 2607: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2595: 2591:IUPAC. 2007. 2588: 2585: 2582: 2576: 2573: 2568: 2566:0-85404-487-6 2562: 2558: 2551: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2539: 2535:IUPAC. 1993. 2532: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2520: 2516:IUPAC. 1979. 2513: 2510: 2506: 2504: 2497: 2494: 2489: 2483: 2479: 2478: 2470: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2449: 2446: 2442: 2441:0-231-06784-4 2438: 2434: 2428: 2425: 2421: 2415: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2394: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2373: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2349: 2346: 2342: 2339:. Edinburgh: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2325: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2284: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2241: 2238: 2234: 2229: 2226: 2222: 2217: 2214: 2210: 2208: 2201: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2172: 2161: 2159: 2151: 2148: 2143: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2126:. CRC Press. 2125: 2124: 2116: 2113: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2073: 2070: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2026: 2023: 2019: 2018: 2011: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1986: 1983: 1979: 1978: 1971: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1950: 1947: 1943: 1942:0-691-02034-5 1939: 1935: 1931: 1926: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1897: 1893: 1892: 1887: 1883: 1882:Berlin, Brent 1878: 1875: 1871: 1865: 1863: 1859: 1856:13(1):144–47. 1855: 1854: 1847: 1844: 1840: 1839:0-913516-02-3 1836: 1832: 1828: 1823: 1820: 1816: 1815: 1810: 1809:Berlin, Brent 1806: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1790: 1785: 1779: 1776: 1772: 1771: 1766: 1761: 1758: 1754: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1731: 1726: 1725: 1718: 1715: 1711: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1697: 1693: 1690:. Edinburgh: 1689: 1688: 1683: 1682:Matras, Yaron 1678: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1650: 1647: 1636: 1634: 1626: 1623: 1618: 1612: 1608: 1607: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1589:Jones, Daniel 1584: 1581: 1576: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1556: 1553: 1547: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1473: 1472: 1467: 1464: 1463: 1459: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1418: 1417: 1412: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1396: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1379: 1374: 1373: 1368: 1367: 1366: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1346: 1338: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1318: 1317: 1316: 1315: 1313: 1306: 1298: 1291: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1224: 1223: 1222: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1198: 1190: 1188: 1186: 1185:determination 1182: 1178: 1176: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1147: 1143: 1135: 1130: 1128: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1086: 1083:Toponyms are 1080: 1072: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1050: 1042: 1040: 1038: 1033: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 1002:London Bridge 999: 995: 989: 985: 977: 975: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 940:Scandinavians 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 903: 902:Personal name 899: 891: 889: 887: 883: 878: 873: 869: 864: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 839:or any other 838: 834: 830: 824: 820: 812: 810: 806: 804: 800: 799:Homer Simpson 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 731: 726: 722: 714: 710: 706: 703: 699: 695: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 654: 650: 646: 645: 644: 636: 633: 630: 627: 624: 623: 622: 621: 620: 617: 613: 611: 610:ethnotaxonomy 606: 602: 598: 594: 586: 583: 580: 577: 573: 569: 566: 563: 559: 555: 551: 548: 545: 541: 537: 534: 533: 532: 530: 526: 522: 521:Folk taxonomy 518: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 493: 489: 488:Folk taxonomy 482:Folk taxonomy 481: 479: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 451: 447: 439: 437: 435: 431: 425: 417: 415: 413: 409: 405: 404:Yemeni Arabic 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 362:For example, 360: 353: 351: 347: 345: 341: 340: 335: 329: 321: 319: 317: 316: 310: 309: 302: 297: 292: 288: 284: 276: 274: 272: 268: 265: 261: 255: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 211: 207: 203: 202:word meanings 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 170:communication 166: 164: 160: 156: 152: 146: 104: 96: 45: 39: 33: 19: 18:Nomenclatural 5590:Single-field 5525:Etymological 5520:Encyclopedic 5500:Biographical 5477:dictionaries 5429:Lexicography 5362:Signum manus 5350:Royal cypher 5315: 5300:Nomen nescio 5298: 5294:Nomenclature 5293: 5289:Naming taboo 5101:Professional 4944:of authority 4894:Saint's name 4559:Scandinavian 4181:Muslim world 4019: 3995: 3966: 3818:Occupational 3677:anthroponymy 3534: 3524: 3514: 3504: 3494: 3484: 3474: 3464: 3444: 3434: 3424: 3414: 3404: 3386: 3327:Metalanguage 3322:Logical form 3277:Truth-bearer 3236:Unilalianism 3146:Expressivism 2973:Wittgenstein 2918:von Humboldt 2835:Philosophers 2736: 2710: 2689: 2666: 2658: 2650: 2649:IUPAC 1991. 2645: 2637: 2636:IUPAC 1998. 2632: 2624: 2623:IUPAC 1992. 2619: 2611: 2610:IUPAC 1997. 2606: 2592: 2587: 2575: 2556: 2550: 2536: 2531: 2517: 2512: 2502: 2496: 2476: 2469: 2453: 2448: 2432: 2427: 2419: 2414: 2398: 2393: 2377: 2372: 2356: 2355:, ed. 2007. 2348: 2336: 2311: 2303: 2296:Van Nostrand 2294:. New York: 2291: 2283: 2275: 2267: 2248: 2245:Room, Adrian 2240: 2228: 2216: 2206: 2200: 2183: 2174: 2163:. Retrieved 2157: 2150: 2122: 2115: 2086: 2082: 2072: 2039: 2035: 2025: 2015: 2010: 1990: 1985: 1976: 1970: 1954: 1949: 1933: 1925: 1907: 1899: 1889: 1877: 1869: 1851: 1846: 1830: 1822: 1812: 1787: 1778: 1768: 1760: 1750: 1742: 1729: 1723: 1717: 1708: 1699: 1686: 1677: 1669: 1665: 1660: 1654:Nomenclature 1649: 1638:. Retrieved 1632: 1625: 1604: 1601:Esling, John 1597:Setter, Jane 1593:Roach, Peter 1583: 1564: 1555: 1542:Nomenklatura 1491: 1481: 1469: 1465: 1447: 1429:biochemistry 1422: 1414: 1393: 1376: 1370: 1350: 1348: 1308: 1205:' system of 1200: 1184: 1180: 1179: 1169: 1165: 1164: 1151: 1149: 1119:characters ( 1117:mythological 1110: 1085:proper names 1082: 1058: 1052: 1037:house styles 1034: 1030:noun phrases 998:common names 994:proper names 991: 972:hypocoristic 936:Anglo-Saxons 911: 905: 898:Anthroponymy 881: 867: 865: 826: 807: 798: 794: 790: 786: 783:poison apple 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 729: 724: 720: 718: 712: 708: 701: 697: 690: 686: 682: 678: 671: 667: 663: 659: 652: 648: 642: 614: 593:Ethnobiology 590: 525:horticulture 520: 519: 497: 495: 470:, meanings ( 464:proper nouns 456:philosophers 453: 427: 376:sanskritised 361: 357: 348: 337: 336:is known as 331: 313: 308:nomenclatura 283:nomenclature 282: 280: 256: 224:anthroponymy 220:proper names 214: 167: 38:Nomenclature 37: 36: 32:Nomenklatura 5595:Specialized 5565:Multi-field 5530:Explanatory 5461:Phrase book 5335:Proper name 5257:Name change 5111:Educational 5089:Substantive 5028:decorations 4911:Jewish name 4906:Dharma name 4871:By religion 4536:Hongkongese 4361:Australasia 4201:Azerbaijani 3934:Regnal name 3915:Temple name 3745:Middle name 3733:By sequence 3710:Matrilineal 3706:Patrilineal 3571:Linguistics 3536:Limited Inc 3456:On Denoting 3282:Proposition 2933:de Saussure 2898:Ibn Khaldun 2020:4(1):45–60. 1980:170:230–34. 1870:Ethnobotany 1537:Terminology 1492:Archaeology 1113:cartography 1043:-onym nouns 988:Proper name 984:Common name 956:family name 948:second name 912:prosoponyms 474:), and the 374:(one being 315:nomenclator 248:comparative 188:, name and 163:terminology 159:conventions 5665:Categories 5535:Historical 5515:Electronic 5505:Conceptual 5446:Dictionary 5328:Identifier 5311:Onomastics 5252:Legal name 5232:Deadnaming 5128:Diplomatic 5084:Subsidiary 5079:Hereditary 4970:Diplomatic 4889:Papal name 4798:Indonesian 4764:South Asia 4760:Indosphere 4726:Macedonian 4699:Belarusian 4606:Portuguese 4448:Lithuanian 4342:Zimbabwean 4138:Vietnamese 4098:Generation 4065:East Asian 4053:By culture 4027:Stage name 3984:Hypocorism 3949:Pseudonyms 3939:Slave name 3890:Birth name 3842:Teknonymic 3823:Patronymic 3803:Matronymic 3766:Diminutive 3740:First name 3696:Given name 3691:Birth name 3631:Discussion 3626:Task Force 3576:Pragmatics 3367:Speech act 3297:Categories 3211:Symbiosism 3166:Nominalism 3078:Watzlawick 2958:Bloomfield 2878:Chrysippus 2760:onomastics 2579:available 2541:. Oxford: 2522:. Oxford: 2487:0429821352 2165:2008-09-20 1993:New York: 1894:75:214–42. 1773:59:371–86. 1765:Bach, Kent 1737:, p. 798-. 1712:. pp. 7-8. 1640:2007-10-06 1548:References 1466:Metallurgy 1427:exist for 1395:Green Book 928:first name 916:given name 550:vegetables 544:perennials 339:onomastics 328:Onomastics 216:Onomastics 206:experience 5605:Sub-field 5495:Bilingual 5475:Types of 5466:Thesaurus 5436:Types of 5340:Signature 5227:Call sign 5203:Anonymity 5138:Religious 5064:Chivalric 4985:Religious 4980:Judiciary 4965:Honorific 4948:of honour 4847:Sinhalese 4837:Pakistani 4822:Malaysian 4817:Cambodian 4721:Kashubian 4713:Ukrainian 4678:Bulgarian 4617:Praenomen 4554:Icelandic 4425:Hungarian 4226:Pakistani 4161:Mongolian 4015:Ring name 4008:Heteronym 3974:Nicknames 3895:Code name 3847:Toponymic 3837:Sobriquet 3813:Mononymic 3808:Metonymic 3750:Last name 3608:Semiotics 3596:Semantics 3446:Alciphron 3382:Statement 3317:Intension 3257:Ambiguity 3136:Dramatism 3116:Cratylism 2868:Eubulides 2863:Aristotle 2843:Confucius 2668:Physica A 2233:Room 1996 2064:247026295 2056:0761-3032 1932:. 1985. 1784:Reference 1456:(IUPAC). 1425:compendia 1416:Gold Book 1372:Blue Book 1359:chemistry 1339:Chemistry 1299:Astronomy 1259:PhyloCode 1201:Although 1173:names to 1102:hydronymy 1090:choronymy 1063:hydronyms 968:Nicknames 952:last name 866:The word 841:organisms 779:sting ray 755:film star 698:white fir 540:biennials 529:gardening 472:semantics 468:referents 460:linguists 450:Semantics 281:The word 277:Etymology 271:organisms 264:Latinized 244:etymology 236:nicknames 5451:Glossary 5357:Khelrtva 5345:Monogram 5306:Misnomer 5284:Namesake 5218:National 5175:Name day 5133:Judicial 5123:Business 5116:Honorary 5106:Academic 5096:Military 5069:Courtesy 5054:Academic 5019:Academic 5009:Emeritus 4812:Javanese 4793:Filipino 4778:Balinese 4746:Suffixes 4683:Croatian 4646:Romanian 4631:Cognomen 4529:Canadian 4515:American 4496:Germanic 4481:Scottish 4399:Georgian 4389:Estonian 4374:Armenian 4369:Albanian 4327:Ghanaian 4284:Hawaiian 4221:Mandaean 4128:Okinawan 4113:Japanese 4084:Courtesy 4044:Username 4037:Mononyms 4003:Pen name 3989:Monarchs 3962:Art name 3905:Necronym 3885:Aptronym 3798:Eponymic 3759:By trait 3621:Category 3581:Rhetoric 3406:Cratylus 3377:Sentence 3352:Property 3272:Language 3250:Concepts 3088:Theories 3053:Strawson 3038:Davidson 3028:Hintikka 3023:Anscombe 2968:Vygotsky 2923:Mauthner 2893:Averroes 2883:Zhuangzi 2873:Diodorus 2853:Cratylus 2758:Promote 2335:. 1965. 2274:. 1960. 2247:. 1997. 1872:18:4–26. 1684:. 2010. 1603:(eds.). 1591:(2011). 1563:(2008). 1527:Metadata 1506:See also 1496:typology 1423:Similar 1378:Red Book 1375:and the 1203:Linnaeus 1166:Taxonomy 1152:taxonomy 1098:hodonymy 1079:Toponymy 1073:Toponyms 1067:synonyms 1026:Pronouns 1014:singular 944:nickname 920:forename 861:concepts 849:products 829:category 751:sea salt 730:binomial 702:post oak 380:arabised 298:'), and 240:toponymy 232:surnames 190:classify 186:identify 182:taxonomy 178:language 5580:Rhyming 5575:Reverse 5570:Picture 5555:Medical 5490:Anagram 5456:Lexicon 5277:Surname 5198:Acronym 5191:Related 5170:Baptism 4804:Chinese 4788:Burmese 4783:Bengali 4736:Serbian 4706:Russian 4651:Spanish 4638:Agnomen 4601:Occitan 4596:Italian 4586:Catalan 4578:Romance 4565:Swedish 4509:English 4466:Cornish 4443:Latvian 4417:Cypriot 4394:Finnish 4307:Ashanti 4266:Oceania 4256:Turkish 4236:Persian 4231:Pashtun 4206:Bengali 4171:Tibetan 4078:Chinese 4021:Shikona 3927:Notname 3859:Patrial 3852:Surname 3829:Surname 3776:Epithet 3715:Affixes 3701:Surname 3388:more... 3292:Concept 3033:Dummett 3008:Gadamer 3003:Chomsky 2988:Derrida 2978:Russell 2963:Bergson 2948:Tillich 2908:Leibniz 2848:Gorgias 2678:Sources 1694:. p. 5. 1482:Physics 1445:journal 1400:symbols 1383:organic 1191:Biology 1125:Neptune 1106:oronymy 1094:econymy 960:surname 851:—as in 833:context 795:Simpson 747:lap dog 725:species 691:catfish 599:" like 536:annuals 430:mapping 388:Muslims 149:) is a 5671:Naming 5610:Visual 5367:Tughra 5272:Middle 5242:Family 5046:Titles 5032:medals 5030:, and 5024:Orders 5004:Suffix 4957:Styles 4916:Hebrew 4842:Sindhi 4827:Indian 4741:Slovak 4731:Polish 4670:Slavic 4591:French 4549:Gothic 4544:German 4458:Celtic 4435:Baltic 4384:Basque 4352:Europe 4337:Yoruba 4279:Fijian 4246:Somali 4241:Sindhi 4216:Coptic 4211:Berber 4196:Arabic 4191:Afghan 4156:Kalmyk 4123:Manchu 4118:Korean 4105:Titles 3869:Virtue 3864:Unisex 3786:Common 3781:Animal 3540:(1988) 3530:(1982) 3520:(1980) 3510:(1967) 3500:(1953) 3490:(1951) 3480:(1936) 3470:(1921) 3460:(1905) 3450:(1732) 3440:(1668) 3430:(1666) 3420:(1660) 3410:(n.d.) 3372:Symbol 3073:Searle 3063:Putnam 3013:Kripke 2998:Austin 2983:Carnap 2928:Ricœur 2913:Herder 2903:Hobbes 2718:  2697:  2563:  2484:  2460:  2439:  2405:  2384:  2363:  2331:, and 2290:1985. 2259:  2191:  2181:2007. 2138:  2062:  2054:  2001:  1961:  1940:  1916:  1837:  1829:1980. 1727:; 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Index

Nomenclatural
Nomenklatura
UK
/nˈmɛŋkləər,nə-/
US
/ˈnmənklər/
system
names
conventions
terminology
communication
words
language
taxonomy
identify
classify
nouns
theoretical linguistics
word meanings
experience
philosophy of language
Onomastics
proper names
anthroponymy
personal names
surnames
nicknames
toponymy
etymology
comparative

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