451:(with 3 families and 3 stemgroup genera). Lieberman, 2002, considered that the Fallotaspidoidea are a paraphyletic group because it gave rise to the Redlichiina; he did not propose to restrict the Olenellina to the Olenelloidea, Judomioidea and Nevadioidea. Neither did he propose to assign this group of superfamilies to a newly formed order Olenellida, and consequently expand the Redlichiina to include the Fallotaspidoidea. This would imply that the Redlichiina would include taxa with and without dorsal sutures.
122:
102:
577:
506:. In western Laurentia the first representatives to appear are Fallotaspididae, followed by Archaeaspididae, Nevadioidea and Holmiidae, and finally Biceratopsidae and Olenellidae. The Olenellina are not known from South China, Australia and most of Latin America and Africa, where the first trilobites were
553:
that has between 0 and up to 34 segments. In segment 3, the areas right and left of the axis (or pleural lobes) are often enlarged, sometimes carrying large trailing pleural spines. Segment 14 or 15 is often bearing a large spine at midline that points backwards.
592:
The frontal lobe of the glabella (L4) is longer than, or equal to, the length of the most backward lobe of the glabella (called occipital ring or L0) plus the first pair of side lobes counted from the back (L1), measured along the midline.→ 2
696:
992:
1002:
772:"Phylogenetic analysis of some basal early Cambrian Trilobites, the biogeographic origins of the Eutrilobites, and the timing of the Cambrian radiation"
1007:
987:
982:
997:
771:
522:, that is only thinly calcified, and have crescent-shaped eye ridges. The suborder differs from all other trilobites by the lack of
403:
follow soon after. The suborder died out when the Lower
Cambrian passed into the Middle Cambrian, at the end of the stage called
811:
Hollingsworth, J.S. (2006). "Holmiidae (Trilobita: Olenellina) of the
Montezuman Stage (Early Cambrian) in Western Nevada".
1012:
977:
527:
121:
538:) with a very wide rostral plate extending between genal angles, with a perrostral suture (no connective sutures).
824:
790:
879:
939:
580:
Graphic of the relationship between the superfamilies within the
Olenellina, and with other trilobites
972:
926:
711:
353:
967:
550:
415:), associated with arthropod growth. Some derived trilobites have lost facial sutures again (some
292:
836:
828:
727:
568:
is not known, and it is generally accepted that this is because the protaspid was not calcified.
444:
316:
116:
471:) approximately 521 million years ago, and disappear at the end of this Series (between Stage 4
279:
944:
304:
820:
786:
719:
608:
448:
324:
917:
101:
491:
359:
340:
335:
330:
715:
855:
794:
480:
243:
237:
219:
576:
961:
840:
396:
391:. Olenellina are arguably the earliest trilobites in the fossil record as members of
59:
731:
856:"Through a Glass Darkly: Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Biostratigraphy of the Olenellina"
672:
436:
208:
622:
The eye ridge (or ocular lobe) merges with the frontal lobe of the glabella. → 3
911:
655:
519:
507:
440:
411:) in the headshield, which in other trilobites assist the periodic moulting (or
392:
376:
273:
214:
179:
34:
479:), 514 to 509 million years ago. The Olenellina probably first occurred on the
723:
468:
388:
347:
79:
44:
902:
746:
561:
is mostly very small with few segments, that are often difficult to discern.
565:
558:
546:
542:
535:
523:
503:
464:
424:
420:
416:
408:
400:
380:
255:
224:
166:
153:
133:
84:
896:
499:
487:
472:
460:
404:
384:
298:
261:
249:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
832:
531:
495:
483:
412:
89:
64:
143:
873:
407:. A feature uniting the Olenellina is the lack of rupture lines (or
575:
518:
As with most early trilobites, the
Olenellina have an almost flat
476:
931:
697:"Cladistic Analysis of the Early Cambrian Olenelloid Trilobites"
564:
Unlike in other trilobite groups, the early larval stage called
877:
427:), but all of these are blind, while all Olenellina have eyes.
668:
The ocular lobe merges with the posterior margin of L4 only.
825:
10.1666/0022-3360(2006)080[0309:htootm]2.0.co;2
791:
10.1666/0022-3360(2002)076<0692:paosbe>2.0.co;2
860:
The
University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions
647:
The ocular lobe merges with the entire margin of L4.
886:
459:The Olenellina appear suddenly at the start of the
632:The ocular lobe touches, but not merges with L4.
549:that generally has 14 or 15 segments, and an
510:, that had already developed dorsal sutures.
8:
383:that occurs about halfway during the Lower
874:
439:(with 3 families and 5 stemgroup genera),
435:The suborder contains four superfamilies:
100:
20:
443:(with 1 family and 3 stemgroup genera),
687:
661:
640:
625:
615:
603:L4 approximately equal in length to L0.
596:
585:
387:, at the start of the stage called the
7:
993:Cambrian trilobites of North America
662:
641:
626:
616:
597:
586:
1003:Cambrian Series 2 first appearances
854:Palmer, A.R.; Repina, L.N. (1993),
14:
120:
16:Extinct suborder of trilobites
1:
1008:Cambrian Series 2 extinctions
988:Cambrian trilobites of Europe
486:and spread into the part of
983:Cambrian trilobites of Asia
375:is a suborder of the order
1029:
998:Cambrian animals of Africa
463:Series 2 (between Stage 2
747:"The Earliest Trilobites"
724:10.1017/S0022336000024021
667:
646:
631:
621:
602:
591:
203:
198:
117:Scientific classification
115:
108:
99:
23:
770:Lieberman, B.S. (2002).
695:Lieberman, B.S. (1998).
572:Key to the superfamilies
813:Journal of Paleontology
779:Journal of Paleontology
704:Journal of Paleontology
526:in the head shield (or
581:
536:conterminant hypostome
940:Paleobiology Database
579:
545:may be composed of a
110:Olenellus chiefensis
1013:Arthropod suborders
978:Cambrian trilobites
751:www.trilobites.info
716:1998JPal...72...59L
30:Cambrian - Series 2
582:
345:Stemgroup genera:
290:Stemgroup genera:
235:Stemgroup genera:
955:
954:
880:Taxon identifiers
679:
678:
370:
369:
1020:
948:
947:
935:
934:
922:
921:
920:
907:
906:
905:
875:
868:
867:
851:
845:
844:
808:
802:
801:
799:
793:. Archived from
776:
767:
761:
760:
758:
757:
742:
736:
735:
701:
692:
609:Fallotaspidoidea
584:
583:
534:mouth plate (or
490:that is now the
449:Fallotaspidoidea
325:Fallotaspidoidea
191:
178:
165:
125:
124:
104:
94:
31:
27:Temporal range:
21:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1017:
958:
957:
956:
951:
943:
938:
930:
925:
916:
915:
910:
901:
900:
895:
882:
872:
871:
853:
852:
848:
810:
809:
805:
797:
774:
769:
768:
764:
755:
753:
744:
743:
739:
699:
694:
693:
689:
684:
669:
648:
633:
604:
574:
516:
492:Atlas Mountains
457:
433:
360:Fallotaspidella
354:Parafallotaspis
341:Daguinaspididae
336:Archaeaspididae
331:Fallotaspididae
189:
176:
163:
119:
95:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1026:
1024:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
960:
959:
953:
952:
950:
949:
936:
923:
908:
892:
890:
884:
883:
878:
870:
869:
846:
819:(2): 309–332.
803:
800:on 2011-08-12.
785:(4): 692–708.
762:
745:III, Sam Gon.
737:
686:
685:
683:
680:
677:
676:
666:
660:
659:
645:
639:
638:
630:
624:
623:
620:
614:
613:
601:
595:
594:
590:
573:
570:
530:). There is a
524:dorsal sutures
515:
512:
481:paleocontinent
456:
453:
432:
429:
368:
367:
366:
365:
364:
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343:
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333:
320:
311:
310:
309:
308:
285:
284:
283:
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268:
267:
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244:Fritzolenellus
238:Elliptocephala
230:
229:
228:
227:
222:
220:Biceratopsidae
217:
201:
200:
199:Superfamilies
196:
195:
187:
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182:
174:
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3:
2:
1025:
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989:
986:
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946:
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933:
928:
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919:
913:
909:
904:
898:
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893:
891:
889:
885:
881:
876:
865:
861:
857:
850:
847:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
807:
804:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
773:
766:
763:
752:
748:
741:
738:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
698:
691:
688:
681:
675:
674:
665:
658:
657:
652:
651:“Nevadioidea“
649:→ Crowngroup
644:
637:
636:“Nevadioidea“
629:
619:
612:
610:
600:
589:
578:
571:
569:
567:
562:
560:
555:
552:
551:opisthothorax
548:
544:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
513:
511:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
454:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
430:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
397:Ptychopariida
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
362:
361:
356:
355:
350:
349:
344:
342:
339:
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81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
22:
19:
887:
863:
859:
849:
816:
812:
806:
795:the original
782:
778:
765:
754:. Retrieved
750:
740:
707:
703:
690:
673:Olenelloidea
671:
663:
654:
650:
642:
635:
634:→ Stemgroup
627:
617:
606:
598:
587:
563:
556:
540:
517:
475:and Stage 5
467:and Stage 3
458:
455:Distribution
437:Olenelloidea
434:
423:, and a few
372:
371:
358:
352:
346:
323:Superfamily
322:
315:Superfamily
314:
303:
297:
293:Callavalonia
291:
272:Superfamily
271:
260:
254:
248:
242:
236:
209:Olenelloidea
207:Superfamily
206:
192:
109:
18:
973:Redlichiida
912:Wikispecies
656:Judomioidea
520:exoskeleton
514:Description
508:Redlichiina
445:Nevadioidea
441:Judomioidea
395:, although
393:Redlichiina
377:Redlichiida
317:Nevadioidea
274:Judomioidea
215:Olenellidae
180:Redlichiida
968:Olenellina
962:Categories
918:Olenellina
888:Olenellina
756:2021-10-28
682:References
469:Atdabanian
389:Atdabanian
381:trilobites
373:Olenellina
348:Repinaella
280:Judomiidae
193:Olenellina
186:Suborder:
154:Arthropoda
24:Olenellina
841:131683623
710:: 59–78.
566:protaspid
547:prothorax
504:Laurentia
465:Tommotian
425:Phacopina
421:Agnostina
417:Eodiscina
401:Eodiscina
305:Sdzuyomia
256:Mummaspis
225:Holmiidae
167:Trilobita
140:Kingdom:
134:Eukaryota
897:Wikidata
732:86307339
559:pygidium
528:cephalon
500:Avalonia
488:Gondwana
473:Toyonian
461:Cambrian
431:Taxonomy
405:Toyonian
385:Cambrian
299:Callavia
262:Wanneria
250:Laudonia
150:Phylum:
144:Animalia
130:Domain:
932:9073389
903:Q145414
833:4095128
712:Bibcode
532:ventral
496:Baltica
484:Siberia
413:ecdysis
409:sutures
173:Order:
160:Class:
866:: 1–35
839:
831:
730:
543:thorax
447:, and
419:, all
945:90397
837:S2CID
829:JSTOR
798:(PDF)
775:(PDF)
728:S2CID
700:(PDF)
477:Amgan
653:and
557:The
541:The
502:and
399:and
35:Preęž’
927:EoL
821:doi
787:doi
720:doi
379:of
964::
942::
929::
914::
899::
862:,
858:,
835:.
827:.
817:80
815:.
783:76
781:.
777:.
749:.
726:.
718:.
708:72
706:.
702:.
670:→
605:→
498:,
494:,
357:,
351:,
302:,
296:,
259:,
253:,
247:,
241:,
85:Pg
864:3
843:.
823::
789::
759:.
734:.
722::
714::
664:-
643:3
628:-
618:2
611:”
607:“
599:-
588:1
190:â€
177:â€
164:â€
90:N
80:K
75:J
70:T
65:P
60:C
55:D
50:S
45:O
40:ęž’
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