58:
1409:, king of Lydia beginning in 560 BC, tested the oracles of the world to discover which gave the most accurate prophecies. He sent out emissaries to seven sites who were all to ask the oracles on the same day what the king was doing at that very moment. Croesus proclaimed the oracle at Delphi to be the most accurate, who correctly reported that the king was making a lamb-and-tortoise stew, and so he graced her with a magnitude of precious gifts. He then consulted Delphi before attacking
1915:
1525:
1436:. One famous such response to a query about participation in a military campaign was "You will go you will return never in war will you perish". This gives the recipient liberty to place a comma before or after the word "never", thus covering both possible outcomes. Another was the response to the Athenians when the vast army of king
2340:. Dorje Shugden oracles were once consulted by the Dalai Lamas until the 14th Dalai Lama banned the practice, even though he consulted Dorje Shugden for advice to escape and was successful in it. Due to the ban, many of the abbots that were worshippers of Dorje Shugden have been forced to go against the Dalai Lama.
278:
1431:
The oracle's powers were highly sought after and never doubted. Any inconsistencies between prophecies and events were dismissed as failure to correctly interpret the responses, not an error of the oracle. Very often prophecies were worded ambiguously, so as to cover all contingencies – especially so
1440:
was approaching Athens with the intent of razing the city to the ground. "Only the wooden palisades may save you", answered the oracle, probably aware that there was sentiment for sailing to the safety of southern Italy and re-establishing Athens there. Some thought that it was a recommendation to
2151:
to a particular deity, usually dwelling in a cave or other secluded location away from urban areas, and, much as the oracles of ancient Greece, would deliver prophecies in an ecstatic state to visitors seeking advice. Two of their ancient oracles became especially famous during the pre-colonial
1566:. The shrine of Dodona, set in a grove of oak trees, was the oldest Hellenic oracle, according to the fifth-century historian Herodotus, and dated from pre-Hellenic times, perhaps as early as the second millennium BC, when the tradition may have spread from Egypt. By the time of Herodotus,
2322:. Nechung and Gadhong are the primary oracles currently consulted; former oracles such as Karmashar and Darpoling are no longer active in exile. The Gadhong oracle has died leaving Nechung to be the only primary oracle. Another oracle the Dalai Lama consults is the
1586:, from a spring under the oaks), or as Zeus Bouleos (chancellor). Priestesses and priests interpreted the rustling of the leaves of the oak tree that stood on this spot as Zeus' sanctuary to determine the correct actions to be taken.
1413:, and according to Herodotus was advised: "If you cross the river, a great empire will be destroyed". Believing the response favourable, Croesus attacked, but it was his own empire that ultimately was destroyed by the Persians.
2625:
1387:. She responded to the questions of citizens, foreigners, kings, and philosophers on issues of political impact, war, duty, crime, family, laws—even personal issues. The semi-Hellenic countries around the Greek world, such as
1420:, to which Socrates said that, if so, this was because he alone was aware of his own ignorance. After this confrontation, Socrates dedicated his life to a search for knowledge that was one of the founding events of western
1449:
among them, said the oracle was clearly for fighting at sea, the metaphor intended to mean war ships. Others still insisted that their case was so hopeless that they should board every ship available and flee to
2273:, oracles (Chinese: 护法) have played, and continue to play, an important part in religion and government. The word "oracle" is used by Tibetans to refer to the spirit that enters those men and women who act as
2328:, for which a young Tibetan woman by the name of Khandro La is the medium for the mountain goddesses Tseringma along with the other 11 goddesses. The Dalai Lama gives a complete description of the process of
1454:, where they would be safe beyond any doubt. In the event, variations of all three interpretations were attempted: some barricaded the Acropolis, the civilian population was evacuated over sea to nearby
2534:
2282:
3077:
2318:, which is considered the official state oracle of the government of Tibet. The Dalai Lama has, according to centuries-old custom, consulted the Nechung Oracle during the new year festivities of
2574:
Broad, W. J. (2007), p.63. Socrates also argued that the oracle's effectiveness was rooted in her ability to abandon herself completely to a higher power by way of insanity or "sacred madness."
1383:
The
Delphic Oracle exerted considerable influence throughout Hellenic culture. Distinctively, this woman was essentially the highest authority both civilly and religiously in male-dominated
2909:
2876:
2663:
2865:
2920:
1083:
2962:
Religious
Practice and Cultural Construction of Animal Worship in Egypt from the Early Dynastic to the New Kingdom: Ritual Forms, Material Display, Historical Development
2650:
2987:
3132:
2095:
god or goddess to use his or her body as a medium or channel and answer other devotees' questions, still happens. The same is called "arulvaakku" or "arulvaak" in
3469:
2119:, "paathri" or "darshin"; in other parts of Karnataka, it is known by various names such as, "prashnaavali", "vaagdaana", "asei", "aashirvachana" and so on. In
3495:
3085:
1836:
The term "oracle" is also applied in modern
English to parallel institutions of divination in other cultures. Specifically, it is used in the context of
634:
390:
591:
1424:. He claimed that she was "an essential guide to personal and state development." This oracle's last recorded response was given in 362 AD, to
1076:
3232:
3117:
2970:
1976:, some ancient Egyptian gods (and rarely deified humans), acted as intermediaries between humans and the divine. This was exemplified by the
1275:). The oracle of Wadjet may have been the source for the oracular tradition which spread from Egypt to Greece. Evans linked Wadjet with the "
1937:, (c. 1600–1046 BC). Diviners applied heat to these bones, usually ox scapulae or tortoise plastrons, and interpreted the resulting cracks.
57:
2261:, were all ascribed to one famous oracle priest who had correctly predicted the coming of the Spaniards and its associated disasters.
836:
410:
2709:
3453:
3420:
3366:
3296:
3208:"Der Gesang von der Büffelgottheit" in Wenn Masken Tanzen – Rituelles Theater und Bronzekunst aus Südindien edited by Johannes Beltz
3027:
2887:
1599:
1069:
2830:
2727:
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acquired and consulted in emergencies by Rome wherein her prophecies were transcribed. The
Cumaean Sibyl was called "Herophile" by
1158:
Oracles were thought to be portals through which the gods spoke directly to people. In this sense, they were different from seers (
3161:
Brückner, Heidrun (1992). "Dhumavati-Bhuta" An Oral Tulu-Text
Collected in the 19th Century. Edition, Translation, and Analysis".
2816:
1267:(eye of the moon) was depicted as a snake-headed woman or a woman with two snake-heads. Her oracle was in the renowned temple in
2241:) carried by four priests directed the trek away from the cave of origins by giving oracles. An oracle led to the foundation of
1466:. Should utter destruction have happened, it could always be claimed that the oracle had called for fleeing to Italy after all.
123:
2931:
1887:
3389:
2599:
2545:
1276:
500:
3309:
2076:, a medieval Tamil anthology usually dated by modern scholars to between c. 7th and 10th centuries CE, is attributed to an
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2100:
728:
273:
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in Tamil), and was related to the message of a god. Oracles played key roles in many of the major incidents of the epics
208:
1307:
3261:
2175:(and their female counterparts, the Iyanifas) serve collectively as the principal aspects of the tribe's world-famous
2510:
1647:
3523:
3291:
Fully revised and updated. Lancaster Place, London, UK: Abacus Books (A Division of Little, Brown and
Company UK).
2039:
1306:, "godly", literally "heavenly"), who represents the earth-fertile soil, probably the chief female goddess of the
3146:
Brückner, Heidrun (1987). "Bhuta
Worship in Coastal Karnataka: An Oral Tulu Myth and Festival Ritual of Jumadi".
2960:
2349:
1973:
949:
806:
1981:
1967:
1819:
1563:
1287:
698:
550:
163:
49:
2988:"'Anu'u (oracle tower) and Ki'i Akua (temple images) at 'Ahu'ena Heiau in Kailua-Kona on Hawaii's Big Island"
2179:
system. Due to this, they customarily officiate at a great many of its traditional and religious ceremonies.
1954:, or "Book of Changes", a collection of linear signs used as oracles. In addition to its oracular power, the
2080:
or oracle. However, there are no references in any Indian literature of the oracle being a specific person.
1670:
881:
831:
612:
445:
233:
70:
32:
2759:
2740:
2674:
1773:, there was an oracle for sleepers. Persons should sleep in the temple in order to learn the divine will.
1494:
826:
658:
653:
515:
248:
1505:, as well as "Amaltheia", "Demophile", or "Taraxandra" by others. Sibyl's prophecies became popular with
3395:
3371:
2775:
2451:
2254:
2017:
1359:
1059:
841:
678:
570:
565:
520:
490:
65:
1958:
has had a major influence on the philosophy, literature and statecraft of China since the Zhou period.
1143:, "to speak" and properly refers to the priest or priestess uttering the prediction. In extended use,
2691:
1941:
1598:
was one of the most important oracles. It was almost completely destroyed by the
Persians during the
988:
713:
598:
560:
158:
108:
3513:
2242:
2012:
cloth made from plant fibres. In here, priests received the will of gods. These towers were called
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1741:
1442:
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1323:
1055:
895:
673:
605:
495:
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2374:
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861:
752:
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285:
148:
28:
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1233:
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in the second millennium BC and in
Assyria in the first millennium BC. In Egypt, the goddess
3347:
3337:
2763:
2591:
2506:
2294:
2286:
2034:
1849:
1807:
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1555:
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772:
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2324:
2305:, and to eliminate cheating and corruption in the selection process performed by oracles.
2188:
1948:(1046–256 BC). Around the late 9th century BC, the divination system was recorded in the
1759:
1490:
1210:
1008:
998:
821:
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had been added. Dodona became the second most important oracle in ancient Greece, after
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have a long tradition of using oracles. In Igbo villages, oracles were usually female
3507:
3484:
2767:
2168:
1977:
1934:
1922:
1202:
871:
688:
646:
555:
545:
530:
525:
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369:
3178:
Fürstliche Fest: Text und
Rituale der Tuḷu-Volksreligion an der Westküste Südindiens
1988:), whom in the religious context, reports requests and petitions to the local gods.
2258:
2246:
2161:
1945:
1930:
1837:
1815:
1674:
1524:
1510:
1446:
1108:
856:
789:
535:
465:
228:
223:
133:
1255:
observes that "Frenzied women from whose lips the God speaks" are recorded in the
974:
3437:
3411:
3222:
3107:
2910:
Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Eutresis
2277:
between the natural and the spiritual realms. The media are, therefore, known as
3313:
2466:"Women in the Aegean: Minoan Snake Goddess: 8. Snakes, Egypt, Magic & Women"
2136:
2051:
1918:
1905:
1770:
1627:
devoted to the chthonian Zeus Trophonius. Trophonius was a Greek hero nursed by
1260:
1218:
969:
915:
846:
801:
450:
364:
347:
243:
213:
173:
3400:
Studies in Ancient Oracles and Divination (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae 40)
3386:
The Delphic Oracle: Its Responses and Operations, with a Catalogue of Responses
2401:
2380:
2312:, who lives in exile in northern India, still consults an oracle known as the
2309:
2298:
2274:
2104:
1831:
1752:
1737:
1733:
1726:
1616:
1506:
1498:
1421:
1400:
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1120:
1104:
959:
693:
455:
359:
188:
183:
168:
153:
143:
138:
113:
103:
2664:
Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Abae
2446:
2210:
2157:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2088:
1788:
1571:
1364:
1256:
1237:
1032:
934:
920:
851:
816:
796:
777:
762:
307:
218:
128:
88:
3193:
On an Auspicious Day, at Dawn … Studies in Tulu Culture and Oral Literature
2124:
332:
27:
This article is about the classical concept. For the software company, see
3412:
The Self-Possessed: Deity and Spirit Possession in South Asian Literature
2802:
2354:
2172:
2092:
2055:
1892:
1853:
1811:
1722:
1715:
1663:
1610:
1575:
1437:
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1206:
1163:
1101:
1003:
954:
944:
910:
905:
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888:
811:
742:
735:
723:
342:
302:
297:
2854:
2217:
whereby he lost an eye (external sight) and won wisdom (internal sight;
2006:, Hawaiian temples. These oracles were found in towers covered in white
3438:
The Copper Oracle of Sri Achyuta: Answers as Instantaneous Inscription.
2898:
2843:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2218:
2205:
2140:
2084:
2063:
1950:
1909:
1845:
1799:
1748:
1686:
1624:
1620:
1582:. At Dodona, Zeus was worshipped as Zeus Naios or Naos (god of springs
1536:
1459:
1406:
1044:
1025:
981:
876:
767:
93:
17:
2253:, literally 'mouthpieces' of the deity. Their written repositories of
1162:, μάντεις) who interpreted signs sent by the gods through bird signs,
56:
2538:(Third Edition): "Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Death Scene from Phaedo"
2396:
2386:
2329:
2238:
2200:
2148:
2144:
2067:
1997:
1792:
1781:
1708:
1704:
1697:
1693:
1682:
1583:
1579:
1547:
1532:
1502:
1478:
1377:
1373:
1327:
1319:
1283:
1264:
1226:
1214:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1116:
964:
718:
703:
683:
337:
198:
98:
2091:- a south Indian language - the process by which a Priest invites a
1100:
is a person or thing considered to provide insight, wise counsel or
3342:
The Oracle: Ancient Delphi and the Science Behind Its Lost Secrets
2710:"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), MENESTHEI PORTUS"
2319:
2302:
2270:
2234:
2230:
2214:
2196:
2120:
2059:
2029:
2002:
1913:
1873:
1869:
1803:
1651:
1523:
1474:
1451:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1244:, prophetesses who uttered divine revelations in frenzied states.
1241:
1222:
1136:
1112:
939:
927:
663:
322:
312:
238:
3352:
The Oracle: The Lost Secrets and Hidden Message of Ancient Delphi
1485:
or prophetess at Cumae became famous because of her proximity to
2760:"Apollo Ptoion sanctuary, Anne Jacquemin - Wiley Online Library"
2192:
2153:
2008:
1882:
1595:
1567:
1486:
1351:
Danger will threat from a wooden boat, and a herald in scarlet.
1272:
1186:
668:
327:
3289:
Freedom in Exile: the Autobiography of the Dalai Lama of Tibet.
1416:
She allegedly also proclaimed that there was no man wiser than
1347:
When the Prytanies' seat shines white in the island of Siphnos,
2942:
2509:; Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke; Wilkinson, John Gardner (1862).
2283:
29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet
2066:, was informed by an oracle that the eighth son of his sister
1570:
had displaced the Mother Goddess, who had been assimilated to
782:
3488:
3109:
Women's Authority and Leadership in a Hindu Goddess Tradition
3066:] (in Tamil) (1 ed.). Chennai: Manimekalai Prasuram.
1868:, divination was performed by the priestly caste, either the
1535:
near Ionia in Asia Minor in the domain of the famous city of
1349:
White-browed all the forum—need then of a true seer's wisdom—
3227:. Delhi, India: Kalpaz Publications. pp. 152–154, 168.
3224:
Human Ecology of Sikkim – A Case Study of Upper Rangit Basin
2866:
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), Oraculum
1718:, there was a sanctuary of Apollo with an ancient oracle.
1477:
was the first Greek colony on the mainland of Italy, near
2877:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Anariacea
1550:
in northwestern Greece was another oracle devoted to the
1236:
are a collection of oracular utterances written in Greek
2692:"LacusCurtius • Strabo's Geography — Book III Chapter 1"
3359:
The Oracles of the Ancient World: A Comprehensive Guide
3078:"'Devakoothu'; the lone woman Theyyam in North Malabar"
2921:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Tegyra
2281:, which literally means, "the physical basis". In the
2229:
In the migration myth of the Mexitin, i.e., the early
2016:. An example of this can be found at Ahu'ena heiau in
2844:
Col. William Leake, TRAVELS IN NORTHERN GREECE, 2.121
1940:
A different divining method, using the stalks of the
1852:
breastplate, and in general any utterance considered
1151:, and the oracular utterances themselves, are called
3045:திருக்குறள்: ஆய்வுத் தெளிவுரை (பெருட்பால், பகுதி 1)
1445:
with a wooden fence and make a stand there. Others,
1613:near Ionia in Asia Minor was home to a prophetess.
1169:The most important oracles of Greek antiquity were
73:, showing eight priestesses in a temple of prophecy
3446:Divination and prophecy in the ancient Greek world
1798:There were many "oracles of the dead", such as in
2817:"Philostratus the Athenian, Vita Apollonii, 4.14"
2540:(page 24 - footnote 7) Hackett Publishing, 2000;
3064:Tiruvalluvamaalai: Source with simple commentary
2515:. Vol. II. London: John Murray. p. 376
2160:. Although the vast majority of Igbos today are
2046:"a disembodied voice (or voice of the unseen)" (
3249:The Revolutionary Years, West Africa since 1800
2512:The History of Herodotus: A New English Version
2424:Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008.
2293:), an imperial decree published in 1793 by the
1747:There was also another oracle of Zeus Ammon at
1344:
3376:Witchcraft, Oracle, and Magic among the Azande
1876:. This is reflected in the role of "seers" in
1380:, and was also known as the Oracle of Delphi.
1707:, there was an oracle of Ptoios and later of
1509:as they were thought to predict the birth of
1376:was the mouthpiece of the oracles of the god
1077:
8:
3499:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
3180:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. pp. 199–201.
3106:Nanette R. Spina (2017) (28 February 2017),
2649:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3429:The Ancient Oracles: Making the Gods Speak.
3131:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3060:திருவள்ளுவ மாலை மூலமும் எளிய உரை விளக்கமும்
1528:The ruins of the Temple of Apollo at Didyma
3468:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3210:. Zürich: Rietberg Museum. pp. 57–64.
2803:"Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, G213.10"
1197:. Other oracles of Apollo were located at
1084:
1070:
40:
2437:. Harvard University Press.1985.p 116-118
2070:would kill him. The opening verse of the
1481:, dating back to the 8th century BC. The
1399:also respected her and came to Delphi as
1330:, who slew her and possessed the oracle.
2932:C. Suetonius Tranquillus, Divus Titus, 5
2297:, article 1 states that the creation of
1326:and became the chthonic deity, enemy of
592:Anthropological Perspectives on Religion
3022:. Handbook of Oriental Studies. BRILL.
2899:Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, A93.5
2855:Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, A151.1
2413:
2123:it is known as, "Devta ka dhaamee" or "
48:
3461:
3124:
2784:
2773:
2642:
1574:, and the worship of the deified hero
3310:"Nechung - the State Oracle of Tibet"
1933:were used for divination in the late
1744:visited it when he conquered Egypt.
1501:, "Deiphobe, daughter of Glaucus" by
7:
281:Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
3163:Studien zur Indologie und Iranistik
3148:Studien zur Indologie und Iranistik
3047:. Chennai: Manivasagar Padhippagam.
2626:"Greek and Roman Mythology: Dodona"
2624:Struck, Peter, T. (June 23, 2024).
2533:Plato, G.M.A. Grube, J.M. Cooper -
2203:for consultation as an oracle. The
1662:), to whom also the inhabitants of
2164:, many of them still use oracles.
2099:, another south Indian language -
1944:, was practiced in the subsequent
1464:fought victoriously at Salamis Bay
411:Archaeology of religion and ritual
38:Provider of prophecies or insights
25:
2195:took the severed head of the god
1818:, but the most important was the
1600:Second Persian invasion of Greece
2768:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah30160
2000:, oracles were found at certain
1654:, was the Oracle of Menestheus (
2965:. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd.
2536:The Trial and Death of Socrates
1554:identified at other sites with
124:Evolutionary origin of religion
3390:University of California Press
3251:, Longman, London, p. 107–108.
3247:Webster J.B. and Boahen A.A.,
2959:Colonna, Angelo (2021-10-21).
2062:(or Kansa), the evil uncle of
1634:Near the Menestheus's port or
279:Treatise on the Apparitions of
1:
3448:. Cambridge, United Kingdom.
3415:. Columbia University Press.
3404:Institutum Romanum Finlandiae
2209:and other sources relate the
2152:period: the Agbala oracle at
2101:Adhiparasakthi Siddhar Peetam
1166:, and other various methods.
729:Traditional African religions
274:Coral Gardens and Their Magic
3409:Smith, Frederick M. (2006).
3221:Gulia, Kuldip Singh (2005).
3058:Vedhanayagam, Rama (2017).
2728:"Strabo, Geography, §16.3.2"
2565:Broad, W. J. (2007), p.51-53
1780:and the oracle of Apollo at
3435:Garoi Ashram, (2004–2023).
3206:Brückner, Heidrun (2009b).
3191:Brückner, Heidrun (2009a).
2831:"Strabo, Geography, 13.3.5"
2422:The Seer in Ancient Greece.
2301:is to ensure prosperity of
2107:. The people in and around
2103:is famous for arulvakku in
2038:"voice/speech from the sky/
1111:of the future, inspired by
3540:
3444:Woodard, Roger D. (2023).
3426:Stoneman, Richard (2011).
3378:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
3354:. New York: Penguin Press.
3344:. New York: Penguin Press.
3195:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
3176:Brückner, Heidrun (1995).
2762:. Wiley. 21 January 2013.
2630:University of Pennsylvania
2032:, the oracle was known as
1965:
1903:
1829:
1696:, there was the oracle of
1685:), there was an oracle of
26:
3112:, Springer, p. 135,
2888:Strabo, Geography, 11.7.1
2614:Broad, W. J. (2007), p.15
2587:Paths from Ancient Greece
2584:Thomas, Carol G. (1988).
2556:Broad, W. J. (2007), p.43
2350:Fuji (planchette writing)
2290:
2213:of Odin for the oracular
2171:of the same country, the
2156:and the Chukwu oracle at
1974:Ancient Egyptian religion
1659:
1643:
1107:, most notably including
807:Armenian Apostolic Church
3059:
3043:S. N. Kandasamy (2020).
2420:Flower, Michael Attyah.
1968:Reporter (Ancient Egypt)
1844:, and in the context of
1820:Necromanteion of Acheron
1776:The oracle of Apollo at
1725:there was the oracle of
1648:El Puerto de Santa María
1318:was the earth dragon of
1221:, and at the islands of
699:Native American religion
354:Revitalization movements
209:Sacred–profane dichotomy
50:Anthropology of religion
3496:Encyclopædia Britannica
3287:Gyatso, Tenzin (1988).
3262:"欽定藏內善後章程/欽定藏內善後章程二十九條"
3016:Kamil Zvelebil (1975).
2470:arthistoryresources.net
2249:knew oracle priests or
1314:, daughter (or son) of
1119:means, it is a form of
613:The Journal of Religion
234:Theories about religion
71:John William Waterhouse
33:Oracle (disambiguation)
3432:Yale University Press.
3361:. London: Duckworth –
2783:Cite journal requires
2489:Hymn to Pythian Apollo
2225:Pre-Columbian Americas
1926:
1758:The oracle of Zeus at
1660:Μαντεῖον τοῦ Μενεσθέως
1529:
1370:
1334:In classical antiquity
1290:(the feminine form of
1147:may also refer to the
659:Alaska Native religion
654:Afro-American religion
249:Veneration of the dead
61:
31:. For other uses, see
2745:Description of Greece
2714:www.perseus.tufts.edu
2696:penelope.uchicago.edu
2455:, ii 55, and vii 134.
2255:traditional knowledge
2058:. An example is that
1917:
1527:
1181:), and the oracle of
1060:cultural anthropology
679:Chinese folk religion
571:Anthony F. C. Wallace
566:Daniel Martin Varisco
491:E. E. Evans-Pritchard
393:of the Religious Life
66:Consulting the Oracle
60:
2504:, as translated in:
2237:-bundle (perhaps an
1666:offered sacrifices.
1462:, and the war fleet
1277:Minoan Snake Goddess
1155:(χρησμοί) in Greek.
714:Shamanism in Siberia
561:Edward Burnett Tylor
391:The Elementary Forms
159:Magic (supernatural)
109:Comparative religion
3372:Evans-Pritchard, E.
3357:Curnow, T. (1995).
3278:皇帝為了黃教的興隆，和不使護法弄假作弊
2243:Mexico-Tenochtitlan
1840:for the concept of
1810:, in the Temple of
1808:Herakleia in Pontos
1742:Alexander the Great
1740:was so famous that
1426:Julian the Apostate
1308:proto-Indo-European
1229:in the Aegean Sea.
896:Hindu denominations
837:Ethiopian Orthodoxy
606:The Hibbert Journal
516:Claude Lévi-Strauss
501:Fustel de Coulanges
44:Part of a series on
3396:Kajava, Mika (ed.)
2167:Among the related
2073:Tiruvalluva Maalai
1927:
1769:(Ἀναριάκη) at the
1562:, but here called
1530:
1357:The Pythoness, in
1240:, ascribed to the
1149:site of the oracle
1115:. If done through
950:Non-denominational
862:Oriental Orthodoxy
416:Poles in mythology
149:Laying on of hands
62:
29:Oracle Corporation
3524:Classical oracles
3348:Broad, William J.
3338:Broad, William J.
3266:zh.wikisource.org
3234:978-81-7835-325-8
3119:978-1-1375-8909-5
2972:978-1-78969-822-0
2507:Rawlinson, George
2334:spirit possession
1972:According to the
1866:Celtic polytheism
1860:Celtic polytheism
1842:divine revelation
1826:In other cultures
1619:was an oracle at
1322:represented as a
1282:At the oracle of
1234:Sibylline Oracles
1094:
1093:
882:Russian Orthodoxy
832:Eastern Orthodoxy
481:Arnold van Gennep
400:Purity and Danger
16:(Redirected from
3531:
3500:
3492:
3473:
3467:
3459:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3312:. Archived from
3306:
3300:
3285:
3279:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3258:
3252:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3173:
3167:
3166:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3130:
3122:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3084:. Archived from
3074:
3068:
3067:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3019:Tamil Literature
3013:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2994:. Archived from
2992:About.com Travel
2983:
2977:
2976:
2956:
2950:
2940:
2934:
2929:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2907:
2901:
2896:
2890:
2885:
2879:
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2868:
2863:
2857:
2852:
2846:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2786:
2781:
2779:
2771:
2756:
2750:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2688:
2682:
2672:
2666:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2648:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2621:
2615:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2592:Brill Publishers
2581:
2575:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2548:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2462:
2456:
2444:
2438:
2431:
2425:
2418:
2338:Freedom in Exile
2295:Qianlong Emperor
2292:
2139:of southeastern
2087:or "theiyam" in
2083:Contemporarily,
1978:Ancient Egyptian
1850:Urim and Thummim
1661:
1645:
1636:Menesthei Portus
1543:Oracle at Dodona
1520:Oracle at Didyma
1368:
1341:Pythia at Delphi
1205:on the coast of
1086:
1079:
1072:
827:Coptic Orthodoxy
541:Marshall Sahlins
383:Related articles
41:
21:
3539:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3504:
3503:
3483:
3480:
3460:
3456:
3443:
3334:
3332:Further reading
3329:
3328:
3319:
3317:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3286:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3246:
3242:
3235:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3165:. 13/14: 13–63.
3160:
3159:
3155:
3150:. 13/14: 17–37.
3145:
3144:
3140:
3123:
3120:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3091:
3089:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3030:
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3010:
3001:
2999:
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2980:
2973:
2958:
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2897:
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2800:
2796:
2782:
2772:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2739:
2735:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2679:Guide to Greece
2673:
2669:
2662:
2658:
2641:
2634:
2632:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2613:
2609:
2602:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2551:
2532:
2528:
2518:
2516:
2505:
2499:
2495:
2487:
2483:
2474:
2472:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2445:
2441:
2433:Walter Burkert.
2432:
2428:
2419:
2415:
2410:
2346:
2267:
2257:, the Books of
2227:
2189:Norse mythology
2185:
2183:Norse mythology
2133:
2115:call the same,
2026:
2024:India and Nepal
1994:
1982:Reporter/Herald
1970:
1964:
1925:, ancient China
1912:
1904:Main articles:
1902:
1862:
1834:
1828:
1765:In the city of
1644:Μενεσθέως λιμήν
1608:
1592:
1545:
1522:
1516:
1491:Sibylline Books
1472:
1369:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1343:
1336:
1250:
1164:animal entrails
1135:comes from the
1129:
1090:
1050:
1049:
842:Greek Orthodoxy
822:Catholic Church
638:
637:
626:
625:
586:
585:
576:
575:
551:Stanley Tambiah
506:Clifford Geertz
461:Joseph Campbell
446:Augustin Calmet
441:
440:
439:Major theorists
431:
430:
406:Myth and ritual
392:
385:
384:
375:
374:
280:
264:
263:
254:
253:
204:Sacred language
194:Rite of passage
119:Divine language
84:
83:
74:
39:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3537:
3535:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3490:"Oracle"
3487:, ed. (1911).
3485:Chisholm, Hugh
3479:
3478:External links
3476:
3475:
3474:
3454:
3441:
3433:
3424:
3407:
3393:
3382:Fontenrose, J.
3379:
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3028:
3008:
2986:John Fischer.
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2794:
2785:|journal=
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2733:
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2607:
2600:
2594:. p. 47.
2576:
2567:
2558:
2549:
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2481:
2457:
2439:
2435:Greek Religion
2426:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2392:Poe divination
2389:
2384:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2345:
2342:
2315:Nechung Oracle
2266:
2263:
2226:
2223:
2184:
2181:
2177:Ifa divination
2169:Yoruba peoples
2132:
2129:
2025:
2022:
1993:
1990:
1966:Main article:
1963:
1960:
1901:
1898:
1878:Dark Age Wales
1861:
1858:
1830:Main article:
1827:
1824:
1732:The oracle of
1679:Failaka Island
1607:
1604:
1594:The oracle of
1591:
1590:Oracle at Abae
1588:
1552:Mother Goddess
1544:
1541:
1521:
1518:
1471:
1470:Sibyl at Cumae
1468:
1456:Salamis Island
1385:ancient Greece
1354:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1286:she is called
1253:Walter Burkert
1249:
1246:
1173:(priestess to
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1125:
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923:
918:
913:
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903:
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892:
891:
885:
884:
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874:
869:
867:Pentecostalism
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844:
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471:Émile Durkheim
468:
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451:Akbar S. Ahmed
448:
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429:
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426:Elite religion
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421:Lived religion
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82:Basic concepts
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53:
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24:
14:
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3497:
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3486:
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3471:
3465:
3457:
3455:9781009221610
3451:
3447:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3422:
3421:0-231-13748-6
3418:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3367:0-7156-3194-2
3364:
3360:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3316:on 2006-12-05
3315:
3311:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3297:0-349-11111-1
3294:
3290:
3284:
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3142:
3139:
3134:
3128:
3121:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3102:
3099:
3088:on 2021-06-06
3087:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3070:
3065:
3054:
3051:
3046:
3039:
3036:
3031:
3029:90-04-04190-7
3025:
3021:
3020:
3012:
3009:
2998:on 2011-07-07
2997:
2993:
2989:
2982:
2979:
2974:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2955:
2952:
2948:
2945:s.v. "oracle
2944:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2928:
2925:
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2906:
2903:
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2543:
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2530:
2527:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2502:The Histories
2497:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2482:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2453:
2452:The Histories
2448:
2443:
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2247:Yucatec Mayas
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1935:Shang dynasty
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1774:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1761:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1671:Ikaros island
1667:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1612:
1606:Other oracles
1605:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1526:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1434:ex post facto
1429:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1360:The Histories
1352:
1340:
1338:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
986:
983:
980:
979:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
932:
929:
926:
925:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
890:
887:
886:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
872:Protestantism
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
794:
791:
788:
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784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
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761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
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737:
734:
733:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
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702:
700:
697:
695:
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690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
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651:
648:
644:
641:
640:
636:
630:
629:
622:
621:
617:
615:
614:
610:
608:
607:
603:
601:
600:
596:
594:
593:
589:
588:
580:
579:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
556:Victor Turner
554:
552:
549:
547:
546:Melford Spiro
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
531:Roy Rappaport
529:
527:
526:Steven Ozment
524:
522:
521:Robert Marett
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
476:Mircea Eliade
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
443:
435:
434:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
401:
397:
395:
394:
388:
387:
379:
378:
371:
370:Handsome Lake
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
357:
353:
352:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
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284:
282:
277:
275:
272:
271:
267:
266:
258:
257:
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245:
242:
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237:
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232:
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227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
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212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
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192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
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177:
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170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
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155:
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142:
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137:
135:
132:
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127:
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117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
86:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
59:
55:
54:
51:
47:
43:
42:
34:
30:
19:
3494:
3445:
3436:
3427:
3410:
3399:
3388:. Berkeley:
3385:
3375:
3358:
3351:
3341:
3318:. Retrieved
3314:the original
3304:
3288:
3283:
3274:
3265:
3256:
3248:
3243:
3223:
3216:
3207:
3201:
3192:
3186:
3177:
3171:
3162:
3156:
3147:
3141:
3108:
3101:
3090:. Retrieved
3086:the original
3081:
3072:
3063:
3053:
3044:
3038:
3018:
3011:
3000:. Retrieved
2996:the original
2991:
2981:
2961:
2954:
2946:
2938:
2927:
2916:
2905:
2894:
2883:
2872:
2861:
2850:
2839:
2825:
2811:
2797:
2776:cite journal
2754:
2744:
2736:
2722:
2713:
2704:
2695:
2686:
2678:
2670:
2659:
2633:. Retrieved
2629:
2619:
2610:
2586:
2579:
2570:
2561:
2552:
2535:
2529:
2517:. Retrieved
2511:
2501:
2496:
2488:
2484:
2473:. Retrieved
2469:
2460:
2450:
2442:
2434:
2429:
2421:
2416:
2379:
2337:
2336:in his book
2325:Tenma Oracle
2323:
2313:
2307:
2291:欽定藏內善後章程二十九條
2278:
2268:
2259:Chilam Balam
2250:
2228:
2204:
2186:
2166:
2134:
2082:
2077:
2071:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2027:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1985:
1971:
1955:
1949:
1946:Zhou dynasty
1942:yarrow plant
1939:
1931:oracle bones
1928:
1891:
1881:
1863:
1838:Christianity
1835:
1797:
1786:
1775:
1764:
1757:
1746:
1731:
1720:
1713:
1702:
1691:
1689:Tauropolus.
1675:Persian Gulf
1668:
1635:
1633:
1615:
1609:
1593:
1546:
1531:
1515:
1511:Jesus Christ
1482:
1473:
1447:Themistocles
1441:fortify the
1433:
1430:
1415:
1405:
1382:
1371:
1358:
1346:
1337:
1303:
1299:
1291:
1281:
1271:(Greek name
1251:
1231:
1168:
1159:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1132:
1130:
1109:precognition
1097:
1095:
989:Conservative
857:Nestorianism
790:Christianity
618:
611:
604:
597:
590:
536:Saba Mahmood
511:Robin Horton
496:James Frazer
466:Mary Douglas
398:
389:
286:Neo-Paganism
262:Case studies
229:Superstition
224:Soul dualism
178:
134:Great Spirit
64:
3082:Mathrubhumi
2500:Herodotus,
2149:priestesses
2137:Igbo people
2052:Mahabharata
2044:aśarīravānī
2028:In ancient
1919:Oracle bone
1906:Oracle bone
1771:Caspian Sea
1401:supplicants
1395:, and even
1219:Peloponnese
1127:Description
1105:predictions
916:Vaishnavism
847:Lutheranism
802:Anglicanism
486:René Girard
365:Ghost Dance
244:Transtheism
214:Sacred site
174:Nympholepsy
3514:Divination
3508:Categories
3320:2007-01-23
3092:2021-11-05
3002:2010-06-09
2601:9004088466
2546:1603846476
2475:2024-05-17
2408:References
2402:Tung Shing
2381:Lingqijing
2310:Dalai Lama
2299:Golden Urn
2105:Tamil Nadu
1929:In China,
1832:Divination
1787:Oracle of
1753:Chalkidiki
1738:Siwa Oasis
1734:Zeus Ammon
1727:Trophonius
1646:), modern
1617:Trophonius
1507:Christians
1499:Lactantius
1422:philosophy
1310:pantheon.
1269:Per-Wadjet
1238:hexameters
1121:divination
1038:Śvetāmbara
674:Böö mörgöl
456:Talal Asad
360:Cargo cult
189:Polytheism
184:Pilgrimage
169:Monotheism
154:Liminality
144:Initiation
139:Henotheism
114:Divination
104:Communitas
3464:cite book
2741:Pausanias
2681:9.39.2–5.
2675:Pausanias
2447:Herodotus
2211:sacrifice
2173:Babalawos
2162:Christian
2158:Arochukwu
2117:Buta Kola
2113:Karnataka
2109:Mangalore
2089:Malayalam
2035:ākāśavānī
1854:prophetic
1789:Aphrodite
1700:Clarius.
1572:Aphrodite
1495:Pausanias
1443:Acropolis
1365:Herodotus
1257:Near East
1131:The word
1102:prophetic
1033:Digambara
975:Yazdânism
955:Quranists
935:Ahmadiyya
921:Ayyavazhi
852:Methodism
817:Calvinism
797:Adventism
778:Vajrayana
763:Theravada
753:Pure Land
635:Religions
308:Bobohizan
219:Shamanism
129:Fetishism
89:Afterlife
3519:Prophecy
3402:. Rome:
3398:(2013).
3384:(1981).
3374:(1976).
3350:(2006).
3340:(2007).
3127:citation
2645:cite web
2635:June 23,
2519:3 August
2491:.363,369
2375:Lên đồng
2355:Futomani
2344:See also
2251:chilanes
2056:Ramayana
1848:for the
1816:Taenaron
1812:Poseidon
1778:Eutresis
1767:Anariace
1723:Livadeia
1716:Gryneium
1677:(modern
1611:Erythrae
1576:Heracles
1489:and the
1438:Xerxes I
1418:Socrates
1355:—
1302:; or of
1296:genitive
1207:Anatolia
1153:khrēsmoí
1117:occultic
1014:Orthodox
1004:Haymanot
945:Mahdavia
911:Smartism
906:Shaktism
901:Shaivism
889:Hinduism
812:Baptists
748:Nichiren
743:Mahayana
736:Buddhism
724:Tengrism
599:Folklore
584:Journals
343:Slametan
303:Babaylan
298:Angakkuq
3299:. p.233
2748:7.5.1–3
2370:Kau Cim
2365:Jiaobei
2360:I Ching
2287:Chinese
2219:insight
2206:Havamal
2141:Nigeria
2131:Nigeria
2125:jhaakri
2085:Theyyam
2078:asariri
2064:Krishna
2048:asariri
1980:title "
1956:I Ching
1951:I Ching
1921:of the
1910:I Ching
1888:Ireland
1872:or the
1846:Judaism
1800:Argolis
1760:Olympia
1749:Aphytis
1687:Artemis
1673:in the
1669:At the
1625:Boeotia
1621:Lebadea
1537:Miletus
1483:sibylla
1460:Troizen
1458:and to
1407:Croesus
1324:serpent
1248:Origins
1217:in the
1211:Corinth
1160:manteis
1113:deities
1045:Sikhism
1026:Jainism
1009:Karaite
999:Hasidic
982:Judaism
877:Quakers
773:Tibetan
768:Tiantai
758:Shingon
694:Kejawèn
620:Oceania
94:Animism
18:Oracles
3452:
3419:
3365:
3295:
3231:
3116:
3026:
2969:
2598:
2544:
2397:Tangki
2387:Mudang
2330:trance
2289::
2245:. The
2239:effigy
2231:Aztecs
2201:Asgard
2145:Africa
2068:Devaki
2040:aether
2014:'Anu'u
1998:Hawaii
1992:Hawaii
1886:) and
1870:druids
1793:Paphos
1782:Tegyra
1709:Apollo
1705:Ptoion
1698:Apollo
1694:Claros
1683:Kuwait
1629:Europa
1584:Naiads
1580:Delphi
1548:Dodona
1533:Didyma
1503:Virgil
1479:Naples
1411:Persia
1378:Apollo
1374:Pythia
1328:Apollo
1320:Delphi
1312:Python
1284:Dodona
1265:Wadjet
1259:as in
1242:Sibyls
1227:Aegina
1215:Bassae
1203:Mallus
1199:Didyma
1195:Epirus
1191:Dodona
1179:Delphi
1175:Apollo
1171:Pythia
1145:oracle
1133:oracle
1098:oracle
1056:Social
1019:Reform
994:Haredi
965:Sufism
719:Shinto
709:Shindo
704:Noaidi
684:Hanitu
643:Ethnic
338:Pawang
333:Jhākri
292:Ritual
199:Ritual
179:Oracle
99:Augury
3062:[
2320:Losar
2303:Gelug
2279:kuten
2275:media
2271:Tibet
2265:Tibet
2235:mummy
2215:runes
2197:Mimir
2121:Nepal
2097:Tamil
2093:Hindu
2060:Kamsa
2042:" or
2030:India
2003:heiau
1962:Egypt
1900:China
1893:fáith
1874:vates
1804:Cumae
1664:Gades
1656:Greek
1652:Spain
1640:Greek
1564:Dione
1475:Cumae
1452:Italy
1397:Egypt
1393:Caria
1389:Lydia
1288:Diōnē
1223:Delos
1209:, at
1183:Dione
1141:ōrāre
1139:verb
1137:Latin
970:Sunni
940:Ibadi
928:Islam
689:Hausa
664:Anito
323:Dukun
313:Bomoh
268:Magic
239:Totem
3470:link
3450:ISBN
3417:ISBN
3363:ISBN
3293:ISBN
3229:ISBN
3133:link
3114:ISBN
3024:ISBN
2967:ISBN
2789:help
2651:link
2637:2024
2596:ISBN
2542:ISBN
2521:2015
2332:and
2308:The
2233:, a
2193:Odin
2154:Awka
2135:The
2054:and
2018:Kona
2009:kapa
1986:wḥmw
1908:and
1883:dryw
1596:Abae
1568:Zeus
1560:Gaia
1556:Rhea
1497:and
1487:Rome
1372:The
1316:Gaia
1304:dīos
1300:Zeus
1292:Diós
1273:Buto
1261:Mari
1232:The
1225:and
1213:and
1201:and
1187:Zeus
1185:and
1058:and
960:Shia
669:Atua
645:and
328:Miko
318:Bora
164:Mana
2943:OED
2764:doi
2269:In
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2199:to
2187:In
2143:in
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2111:in
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1896:).
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1814:in
1791:at
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1703:At
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1681:in
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1558:or
1298:of
1279:".
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