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719:(Gelassenheit) himself in all areas." Serving others and submitting to God, therefore, permeates all aspects of Amish life. A person’s personality must be modest, reserved, calm, and quiet. The values which must be apparent in a believer’s actions are submission, obedience, humility, and simplicity. Gelassenheit should be the overriding aspect for every person within the Amish community, and it must be viewable through actions and possessions. Lamentations 3:26 "quietly wait," "in the Froschauer Bible reads 'in Gelassenheit' (instead of quietly) – one probable Biblical reference that helped to establish this important 'Anabaptist term.'"
585:, discipline, rule, arrangement, organization, or system. Because the Amish have no central church government, each assembly is autonomous and is its own governing authority. Thus, every local church maintains an individual set of rules, adhering to its own Ordnung, which may vary from district to district as each community administers its own guidelines. Among the Amish, these rules are largely unwritten, yet they define the very essence of Amish identity. Conservative Mennonites refer to Ordnung by the English terms "discipline" or "standard", and their rules are usually written.
857:
is it compatible with their values. If a particular decision might disrupt their religion, tradition, community, or families, they are likely to prohibit it. The second purpose is to create a fence between themselves and
Englishers. Most Americans see the Amish as different because they drive buggies, use horse drawn farm implements, dress plainly, etc. These differences are not accidental. When asked today why they have rejected a specific thing, many members of the church will simply reply: “Because it’s not Amish.”
786:
outside world, it violates the Amish idea of separation from society. Owning an automobile could be a sign of status and it would promote vanity and competition between the church members; a direct violation of
Gelassenheit's value of modesty. A telephone in the house would be a temptation to stay at home speaking to a friend rather than walking or taking a buggy ride to visit a neighbor (though a 'community' telephone is often maintained at a suitable distance from the home to permit contact during emergencies).
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entertainment, or for self-indulgences. A proposal will likely be rejected if it could have negative social implications. A telephone in the home is prohibited among the Old Order Amish because it interferes with face-to-face visits with neighbors. However, a few of the more liberal districts have allowed the telephone. Any technology that is seen to be corrupting spiritual or family life is rejected out of hand. Television would never be considered because it brings unbiblical values into the home.
830:, led by the bishop. After listening to a discussion on the issue in question, the adult church members, men and women (all are expected to attend unless they are ill), vote. To ensure that the idea is carefully considered, voting is designed to make any change difficult, because once a rule has been adopted it is difficult to have it rescinded. If two or more people reject the change, the Ordnung remains unaltered. The Amish allow for change, but their emphasis centers on tradition.
723:
plan for new markets for his products, however, he never loses sight of the past and its precious legacy. To give yourself under the church means to yield, to submit. Modern culture's aggressive individualism sharply contrasts with the Amish gelassenheit. Through
Gelassenheit, an Amish person yields to the Ordnung, the will of God, church, elders, parents, community, and traditions. The individual suppresses the will of 'self' in lieu of the Amish community.
25:
1862:
493:
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threat is of concern, not only for community reasons, but because of family ties. For example, an Amish woman might decide that voting for a change is not worth the risk that she may never again talk to her daughter who married a young man from another district. Because of the threat of being shunned, change to the
Ordnung is usually incremental and done in concert with other districts.
100:
626:
According to the Amish, the purpose of the
Ordnung is to guide Amish behavior into being more Christ-like, thus defining who they are. It ultimately intends that they be separate and different from the world. As such, anything viewed as disruptive to their society, such as personal power, wealth, and
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certain things are regulated by the
Ordnung. Non-Amish are not allowed to attend their council meetings, and most Amish are hesitant to discuss the details with outsiders, therefore the precise reasons are difficult to explain. They formulate their rules with two interconnected goals in mind. First,
639:
An Amish minister says of the
Ordnung: A respected Ordnung generates peace, love, contentment, equality, and unity. It creates a desire for togetherness and fellowship. It binds marriages, it strengthens family ties to live together, to work together, to worship together and to commune secluded from
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Modern technology is used selectively by the Amish for fear that it may weaken the family structure. If any equipment does not maintain principles of
Gelassenheit, it is banned. Anything which could promote sloth, luxury or vanity is strictly prohibited. Because 120-volt electricity connects to the
722:
The
Ordnung is used to produce Gelassenheit, which is to be shown via a yielding of spirit to the traditions. The Amish glance back into the past and examine their traditions, treasuring them. The past is always the main resource for coping with the present. An Amish businessman may look forward to
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The Amish travel in horse-drawn buggies, and use horses to pull farm machinery. The horse allows them to take life at a slower pace, and it puts limits on their lives, slowing their work, and requiring additional labor. If business or personal needs necessitate a longer drive, the Amish may hire a
833:
When considering a modification of the
Ordnung, the members must also consider the implication to the districts around them. If neighboring districts believe a particular change is too radical, the offended district could break off communications and refuse to recognize them as fellow Amish. This
611:
To the Amish, the Ordnung provides a strong sense of group identity. Ultimately, adherents claim that its rules are supported by scripture, and they believe that persecution is the natural result of Christian discipleship. The Ordnung creates boundaries for the Amish, and they view it much like a
711:) — "yieldedness", "letting be", or "submission to the will of God" (in modern German approximately: "composure", "tranquility", "serenity"). This concept derives from the Bible when Jesus said, "not my will but thine be done," thereby making individuality, selfishness, and pride, abhorrent (see
678:
Separation from the world means to be different from the world, and the congregation must agree on how they are to be different. This is accomplished through the Ordnung. Two times each year the members come together (Ordnungsgemee) and express their unity before they partake in communion. Their
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The Amish complete their eighth grade education in a one-room private school, taught by an Amish teacher who also attended school through the eighth grade. The skills of spelling, English, Pennsylvania German, mathematics, geography, and health are taught. Some basic science may be taught about
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Electricity from utility companies is considered worldly. Bottled gas may be used to heat water, fuel ranges, and run refrigerators. Gas-pressured or kerosene lanterns provide lighting. Batteries power the red lights on buggies. Gasoline generators may provide energy for washing machines, water
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Although Amish home and social life has remained mostly unaltered, a new technology can be adopted once it has passed a rigorous examination. The Ordnung is used to examine any new proposed use of technology. A proposal may be accepted for business reasons, but never for personal wishes, for
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Some of the most common Ordnung rules are: separation from the world, hard work, a woman's submission to her husband, mode of dress, and refusal to buy insurance. Non-Amish often think of the Ordnung in terms of restrictions (e.g., women must submit to husbands, no electrical power lines, no
813:
In farming, horses are used to pull wagons, buggies, and agricultural equipment. Gasoline engines may be allowed to run the machinery but horses are required for locomotion. The Old Order Amish are permitted to use modern transportation as long as they do not own or operate the equipment.
1051:"Amish practices evolve over time. As modernization takes place, the Amish negotiate to what degree they will accept and utilize technology and other practices of the outside world. This cultural compromise has allowed the Amish to remain a distinct group, yet survive economically."
619:, he argues that a person who has learned to live within a respectful Ordnung appreciates the value of freedom of heart, peace of mind, and clear conscience. And he indicates that such a person had more freedom, more liberty, and more privilege than those outside the church.
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A district’s Ordnung is meant to convey the community's rigid traditions, so whenever members begin exploring new things which raise concerns, the local church must decide if such activities should be allowed. Twice a year each Amish district holds a council meeting, called
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demand that certain guidelines be followed before milk can be marketed. Thus, power equipment and refrigerated bulk tanks are a necessity and permitted. However, the electricity needed to run a modern dairy must be produced, typically using diesel/gasoline generators or
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telephone in the home, no personal ownership of automobiles). However, many of the Ordnung guidelines also focus on cultivating what the Amish see as beneficial character traits. The Ordnung attempts to prevent pride, envy, vanity, laziness, dishonesty, etc.
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Both types clarify what is considered worldly and sinful. To be worldly is to be lost. Any rule that is not directly supported by biblical references will be justified through reasoning as to why violating it would cause the believer to turn worldly.
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Because each Amish district is a separate church, Ordnung rules will differ from locale to locale. There are diverse groups among the Amish, thereby creating distinctions within their Ordnung. The following is a general list and not exhaustive.
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By giving up individuality and any thought of selfishness, they embrace God's will by serving others and submitting to Him. To the Amish, Gelassenheit is seen in all of the following aspects of Amish life:
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The first are printed rules, the second are generally verbal and are universally understood by the local members. All rules guide the Amish believer in the application and practice of godly principles.
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groups have changed their Ordnung during the last 150 years so much, that they shifted away from the Old Order type of Community. For example, even the most traditional Old Order Amish groups like the
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concurrence on the Ordnung implies complete satisfaction with it. The agreement brings peace among members, and peace with God. If there is not group unity, then the Lord’s Supper is not observed.
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Children are to attend school through the eighth grade. After that, they are expected to work on the farm or in the home. A parent may find them a job to bring in additional income for the family.
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Telephones may be placed in booths, an unlocked barn, or an Amish school. Cellular phones and voice mail, may only be used by a business to compete, but this is permitted on a case by case basis.
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An Amish person who has taken the church vow, and who has been found guilty by the bishop of breaking one of the Ordnung rules, can be punished by the Meidung (excommunication or shunning).
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Obedience is a close associate to Ordnung, because it is a symbol informing the body of believers as to whether a member loves the church or does not. There is no middle ground.
810:. This may be more expensive than grid electricity, but lacks the degree of intrusion on Amish values and households that would result if fixed-line external power were used.
631:. Disobedience to these lifestyle regulations is punished by discipline initiated by the church leaders. One of the more severe actions that the Amish bishop can mete out is
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Jewelry is not to be worn, not even wedding rings. Other symbols (beards for men, and black bonnets for women) are used, in lieu of rings, to represent marital status.
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Females must keep their head covered, usually with a prayer bonnet. The color denotes marital status (different colors may be used by different settlements).
600:. Thus the Ordnung is intended to ensure that church members live according to the biblical Word of God, as they understand it. The Ordnung is a set of
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animals, stars, and planets. Religion is not taught as a subject, but is an important part of the school program, especially as it relates to behavior.
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Word processors (powered by generator or DC) are allowed for school and church administrative use. Only non-electric typewriters are used in the home.
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Electricity is not allowed in the home. Electrical energy is allowed in community dairy barns, but only generator power (not grid power).
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Esteemed behavior – The way that church leaders and their spouses are expected to behave, but not necessarily the regular church members.
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No Ordnung of any Anabaptist subgroup remained totally unchanged. Many Old Order Amish, Old Order Mennonites, Old Colony Mennonites and
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Motorized vehicles are not to be owned or driven. The Amish may request a neighbor to drive them, or may hire a driver and rent a car.
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children's schoolyard fence - remaining within the enclosure allows them freedom, but to cross the fence would mean worldly danger.
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67:
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The use of batteries is allowed (in some districts) for emergency flashlights and similar devices, but discouraged in the home.
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Women are expected to be submissive to their husbands. This means that they must defer to their husband's wishes and opinions.
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There could be another category that is so clearly wrong, it is not included in the Ordnung. Murder would be a prime example.
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Those who are able to work must do so from Monday through Saturday. On Sunday, however, no laborious work is to be done.
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rules, and all members within a church agree to have their lives ordered by that code. Each person is expected to live
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Mustaches are frowned upon, because in German culture they have historically been associated with military officers.
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Once boys marry, they are expected to grow a beard but shave their upper lip. Unmarried boys must be clean-shaven.
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saving his pursuer, an act of mercy that led to his recapture, after which he was burned at the stake near
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have discarded the metal milk bucket and three-legged stool in favor of an automated milking system. The
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Frowned upon behavior – Things that are discouraged but which are not a test of membership to the church.
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All of these guidelines are set out in the Ordnung, creating a balance between tradition and change.
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Males are to wear hats when outside. Black is for the winter, straw color is for the warmer months.
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Full-length mirrors are forbidden, because they are thought to promote vanity and self-admiration.
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allow their members to ride in cars under certain circumstances, primarily in cases of emergency.
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Forbidden behavior – Prohibited by the Ordnung. They can, and do, affect membership to the church.
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1427:
Readings from Mennonite Writings: New and Old | J. Craig Haas (Intercourse, PA: Good, 1992), 52.
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devoted to God, to family, and to the community, based upon their understanding of God's laws.
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Acceptable behavior – Certain practices that are so widely accepted they are never discussed.
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Wetmore, Jameson (2007). "Amish Technology: Reinforcing values and building community".
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1404:"Tim Roper's senior class report at the Francis W. Parker Charter Essential School"
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The special conference decisions throughout history, from the 16th century onward.
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Mobile vehicles, such as buggies or farm implements, must not have rubber tires.
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222:
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124:
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1283:, Lancaster Mennonite Historical Society, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 1999, p. 69
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106:
92:
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192:
748:
The Riddle of Amish Culture, Donald Kraybill, Johns Hopkins UP, 1989, p.26.
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227:
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Women are never to shave any part of their body nor to cut their hair.
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Amish young women and young men are expected to marry other Amish.
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361:
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927:(Among the Old Order) Church members must not be photographed.
18:
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There are several levels of piety in the Ordnung moral code.
1393:
IEEE’s Technology & Society 26(2), June 2007, pp. 10–21.
1391:"Amish Technology: Reinforcing Values, Building Community,”
1259:
Amish Society by John A. Hostetler pp. 82–83 Fourth Edition
909:
Social Security or other commercial insurance is forbidden.
1520:
1168:
1166:
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Ritual: baptism, confession, ordination, foot-washing.
666:
The contemporary rules defined by each church district.
1796:
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Values: submission, obedience, humility, simplicity
715:). "He submits to Christ, loses his own will, and
1338:. Pittsburgh.about.com. 2010-06-17. Archived from
1146:. Pittsburgh.about.com. 2010-06-17. Archived from
1001:jewelry, including wedding rings and wrist watches
1385:
1383:
979:Examples of Practices Prohibited by the Ordnung:
950:Examples of Practices Prescribed by the Ordnung:
741:Structure: small, informal, local, decentralized
948:
930:(Among the Old Order) Telephones are forbidden.
725:
637:
1321:
1319:
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515:
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886:Suspenders, not belts, keep up the trousers.
659:Two types of Ordnung must be distinguished.
1543:
1529:
1521:
732:Personality: reserved, modest, calm, quiet
627:status, are funneled through the Ordnung
522:
508:
99:
79:
48:. Please do not remove this message until
68:Learn how and when to remove this message
877:The Amish may not travel on an airplane.
852:The Amish have few written explanations
738:Symbols: dress, horse, carriage, lantern
44:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1703:List of U.S. states by Amish population
1114:
803:United States Department of Agriculture
91:
1199:. Directionjournal.org. Archived from
1144:"Amish Culture, Beliefs and Lifestyle"
1004:joining worldly (public) organizations
1007:owning computers, televisions, radios
698:
564:
7:
1482:IEEE Technology and Society Magazine
1896:Religion in Lancaster, Pennsylvania
1756:List of Amish and their descendants
1362:"Amish lead the way in solar power"
992:electricity from public power lines
880:Clothing codes are to be followed:
690:An important part of Amish life is
598:literal interpretation of the Bible
16:Anabaptist rules for church members
1440:. Ohioline.osu.edu. Archived from
1438:"Ohio State University Fact Sheet"
1247:"The Colors of the Amish (part 1)"
1221:Kraybill, Donald B. (2001-09-27).
1036:pumps, and agricultural equipment.
1010:owning and operating an automobile
596:, such as the Amish, believe in a
14:
1788:Cuisine of the Pennsylvania Dutch
538:is a set of rules describing the
1860:
534:In the Anabaptist tradition, an
491:
23:
1564:(by number of church districts)
1225:. Hopkins Fulfillment Service.
1197:"Early Anabaptist Spirituality"
1360:Robinson, Ryan (Oct 6, 2008).
1123:"The Texture of Amish Society"
963:kneeling for prayer in worship
208:Separation of church and state
1:
1891:Protestantism in Pennsylvania
1281:Golden Apples in Silver Bowls
617:Early Anabaptist Spirituality
546:. The term is mostly used by
1406:. Parker.org. Archived from
1195:Garry Schmidt (1998-10-18).
1175:"How Stuff Works, The Amish"
1173:Wise, Stephen (2002-09-19).
1016:using tractors for fieldwork
799:Food and Drug Administration
1783:Pennsylvania Dutch language
1467:The Riddle of Amish Culture
1336:"Amish Culture and Beliefs"
1296:. Shawcreekgeneralstore.com
1223:The Riddle of Amish Culture
1102:Traditionalist conservatism
1027:The Riddle of Amish Culture
969:use of horses for fieldwork
954:color and style of clothing
895:Clothing must be home sewn.
647:The Riddle of Amish Culture
203:Priesthood of all believers
50:conditions to do so are met
1922:
1325:Kraybill, "Riddle", p. 116
1177:. People.howstuffworks.com
1013:pipeline milking equipment
972:use of Pennsylvania German
966:marriage within the church
392:Mennonite World Conference
183:Nonconformity to the world
1857:
1729:Amish religious practices
1643:Jamesport/Bloomfield (MO)
995:entering military service
986:central heating in houses
975:steel wheels on machinery
615:In Garry Schmidt's book,
1516:Kraybill's Amish Studies
1494:10.1109/MTAS.2007.371278
960:order of worship service
1901:Conservative Mennonites
1867:Christianity portal
1834:Literature on the Amish
1029:, Revised Edition p.115
498:Christianity portal
382:Conservative Mennonites
162:Doctrines and practices
105:A 1685 illustration by
1751:Women in Amish society
1746:Health among the Amish
1368:. LNP Media Group, Inc
1032:
1019:wall-to-wall carpeting
753:
700:[ɡəˈlasn̩haɪt]
652:
251:Schleitheim Confession
168:Theology of Anabaptism
1465:Donald B. Kraybill –
1389:Jameson M. Wetmore –
407:Old Colony Mennonites
1906:Old Order Mennonites
1819:Amish preaching soup
1472:John A. Hostetler –
1125:. Lancasterbarns.com
1025:Donald B. Kraybill,
843:Swartzentruber Amish
645:Donald B. Kraybill,
552:Old Order Mennonites
427:Schwarzenau Brethren
412:Old Order Mennonites
367:Apostolic Christians
256:Dordrecht Confession
1631:New Wilmington (PA)
1366:lancasteronline.com
198:Freedom of religion
150:Sermon on the Mount
145:Radical Reformation
123:in the present-day
37:of this article is
1661:Fredericktown (OH)
1067:Book of Discipline
983:air transportation
957:hat styles for men
422:Russian Mennonites
402:Mennonite Brethren
372:Brethren in Christ
304:Balthasar Hubmaier
173:Believer's baptism
1873:
1872:
1741:Amish way of life
1673:Missouri/Illinois
1565:
1469:– Revised Edition
1294:"Amish Practices"
1077:Convention (norm)
1062:Amish terminology
566:[ˈɔʁdnʊŋ]
532:
531:
470:Inspirationalists
439:Related movements
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1617:Dover (Delaware)
1577:Elkhart-LaGrange
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1476:– Fourth Edition
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1809:Amish furniture
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1667:Kansas/Oklahoma
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1072:Code of conduct
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828:Ordnungsgemeine
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756:Levels of piety
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460:Radical Pietism
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339:Michael Sattler
329:Pilgram Marpeck
284:George Blaurock
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109:, published in
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1824:Barn raising
1804:Jakob Ammann
1733:
1696:Distribution
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1640:Ashland (OH)
1634:Daviess (IN)
1560:Affiliations
1488:(2): 10–21.
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1446:. Retrieved
1442:the original
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344:Menno Simons
314:Jakob Hutter
213:Foot washing
140:Christianity
117:Dirk Willems
110:
64:
58:January 2021
55:
33:
1761:Hochstetler
1722:Way of life
1664:Kalona (IA)
1637:Kenton (IN)
1628:Arthur (IL)
1621:Andy Weaver
1372:January 27,
1097:Social norm
808:solar power
795:dairy farms
635:(Meidung).
594:Anabaptists
540:way of life
223:Plain dress
125:Netherlands
1880:Categories
1829:Rumspringa
1814:Amish doll
1686:and others
1460:References
1448:2010-08-30
1414:2010-08-30
1346:2010-08-30
1300:2010-08-30
1269:Luke 22:42
1207:2010-08-30
1181:2010-08-30
1154:2010-08-30
1129:2010-08-30
781:Technology
696:pronounced
640:the world.
602:behavioral
562:pronounced
397:Mennonites
387:Hutterites
324:Felix Manz
289:Hans Denck
278:Key people
134:Background
107:Jan Luyken
93:Anabaptism
35:neutrality
1849:New Order
1766:Stoltzfus
1599:Geauga II
1572:Lancaster
581:word for
577:) is the
465:Moravians
377:Bruderhof
245:Documents
218:Holy kiss
193:Free will
178:Lovefeast
46:talk page
1713:Maryland
1652:Nebraska
1647:Michigan
1596:Geauga I
1587:Buchanan
1055:See also
1023:—
845:and the
801:and the
746:—
713:humility
643:—
633:Shunning
450:Baptists
309:Hans Hut
228:Shunning
85:a series
83:Part of
39:disputed
1734:Ordnung
1502:9407091
1082:Lifeway
989:divorce
863:Ordnung
589:Purpose
557:Ordnung
536:Ordnung
475:Quakers
455:Pietism
261:Ausbund
121:Asperen
1771:Troyer
1608:Troyer
1582:Holmes
1500:
1229:
821:Change
793:Amish
717:yields
649:, p.98
579:German
1886:Amish
1797:Other
1776:Yoder
1657:Renno
1552:Amish
1498:S2CID
1109:Notes
1043:taxi.
865:rules
655:Types
583:order
548:Amish
362:Amish
115:, of
1708:Ohio
1374:2023
1227:ISBN
550:and
32:The
1490:doi
854:why
542:of
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