327:, was launched in 2014 as an alternative to in-office clear aligners. The company offered direct-to-consumer clear aligner service which can be used from home, without having to see a dentist. This allowed them to price aligners at half of the other competitors. The company faced criticism from the orthodontic community because of no involvement of a physical dentist. Similar startups have also launched in different parts of the world. In September 2023, SmileDirectClub filed for bankruptcy, before shutting down completely in December 2023, leaving thousands of customers without any support.
230:
183:
to create a digital 3D representation of the teeth. Technicians move the teeth to the desired location with the program Treat, which creates the stages between the current and desired teeth positions. Anywhere from six to eighty aligners may be needed during the first set of aligners. Each aligner moves teeth .25 to .33 millimeters. Additional and subsequent rounds of aligners, known as "Refinements", may be necessary to achieve desired tooth positions as clear aligners do not always achieve full movement in the first round.
33:
76:
167:
431:), 2014: "Invisalign has been proven to resolve moderate anterior tooth crowding predictably, but treatment outcome studies have highlighted Invisalign's weaknesses compared to conventional braces in treating anterior-posterior discrepancies, large rotational movements and the extrusion of teeth. More post-treatment relapse of anterior dental alignment has also been found in Invisalign cases."
212:
are made from plastic, they can be warped by hot liquids. While undergoing treatment one should limit their intake of hot liquids to protect the shape of the aligners and stop them from becoming stained. Once the treatment period has concluded, the patient is advised to continue wearing a retainer at night for the foreseeable future.
307:. He decided to switch to OrthoClear, because of the way OrthoClear manufactured its aligners and because of its reduced lab fees. When manufacture of Orthoclear ceased, Pumphrey had 400 patients in treatment. With no other options available, he started his own company to complete his patients' clear aligner treatment.
182:
impressions or an intra-oral digital scanner. The latter method has greatly increased in popularity in recent years as digital scanning technology has improved. The dentist/orthodontist completes a written evaluation that includes diagnosis and treatment plan. Dental impressions are scanned in order
142:
A 2014 systematic review concluded that there is insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of these clear aligners. Opinion is that they are likely useful for moderate front-teeth crowding. In those with teeth that are too far forward or backward, or rotated in the socket, the aligners are
373:
against Align
Technology. ClearCorrect claimed that some of Align's patents were invalid, and thus ClearCorrect's product did not infringe on Align's patents. ClearCorrect voluntarily dismissed the suit in April 2009, after Align stated to the court that it had no intention of suing ClearCorrect for
365:
In 2009, Align
Technology began to require that doctors prescribing Invisalign complete at least ten cases per year and ten hours of training in order to maintain their Invisalign provider status. In January 2010, 20,000 doctors had their certification suspended for not meeting the requirements, but
203:
material that applies pressure to the teeth to move into the aligner's position. Patients that need a tooth rotated or pulled down may have a small, tooth-colored composite attachment bonded onto certain teeth. Since the form-fitted plastic used in clear aligners is not as rigid as the metal used in
129:
Clear-aligner treatment involves an orthodontist or dentist, or with home-based systems, the person themselves, taking a mold of the patient's teeth, which is used to create a digital tooth scan. The computerized model suggests stages between the current and desired teeth positions, and aligners are
343:
Following SmileDirectClub, multiple companies provide aligner treatment to patients by mailing their aligners and monitoring the treatment through a digital platform. The
American Association of Orthodontists, the largest society representing orthodontists in the United States and abroad, released
211:
Each aligner is intended to be worn an optimal 22 hours a day for one to two weeks. On average the treatment process takes 13.5 months, although treatment time varies based on the complexity of the planned teeth movements. The aligner is removed for brushing, flossing and eating. As clear aligners
394:
The cost of clear aligners is typically lower than their all-metal counterparts because of the materials and technology used. Prices are rarely impacted by factors such as the duration of the treatment and the extent of the issues requiring correction, as much as specific details of the treatment
377:
On
February 28, 2011, Align Technology filed two lawsuits against ClearCorrect. Align alleged that under California's Unfair Practices Act, that ClearCorrect sold products for a price below the average production cost, with the purpose of "destroying competition in the market for clear aligner
276:
Zia
Chishti was ousted from Align Technology in 2002. In 2005 he developed Orthoclear, a similar product, which resulted in several legal disputes involving allegations of patent infringement, false advertising, defamation and trademark infringement. The case was settled in 2006. Align paid
121:
of the front teeth, but less effective than conventional braces for several other issues and are not recommended for children. In particular they are indicated for "mild to moderate crowding (1–6 mm) and mild to moderate spacing (1–6 mm)", in cases where there are no discrepancies of the
204:
traditional braces, sometimes the flexibility in the materials need to be compensated in the areas that require movement. Alternatively, attachments may be used to facilitate movement by changing the shape of the tooth. More attachments can make the aligners less aesthetically pleasing.
261:. Chishti conceived of the basic design of InvisAlign while an adult orthodontics patient. During his treatment with a retainer intended to complete his treatment, he posited that a series of such devices could effect a large final placement in a series of small movements.
381:
On May 12, 2011, ClearCorrect filed a countersuit against Align
Technology, denying allegations that it is infringing on Align patents. In the countersuit, ClearCorrect alleged that Align's allegations are invalid and accused Align of patent misuse and
116:
Clear aligners have undergone changes, making assessment of effectiveness difficult. A 2014 systematic review concluded that published studies were of insufficient quality to determine effectiveness. Experience suggests they are effective for moderate
267:
Orthodontists were resistant to adopting
Invisalign at first, in particular because the founders had no orthodontic credentials or expertise, but the product became popular among consumers. As of 2014, 80,000 dentists had been trained how to use it.
186:
A computer graphic representation of the projected teeth movements, created in the software program ClinCheck, is provided to the doctor and patient for approval or modification before aligners are manufactured. The aligners are modeled using
130:
created for each stage. Each aligner is worn for 22 hours a day for one or two weeks. These slowly move the teeth into the position agreed between the orthodontist or dentist and the patient. The average treatment time is 13.5 months. Despite
361:
against OrthoClear Inc. In the end an agreement was made between Align and OrthoClear in which Align paid OrthoClear $ 20 million for its intellectual property and OrthoClear agreed to stop accepting cases in the United States.
1522:
215:
When the
Invisalign system was first developed, many of the aligner manufacturing processes were carried out by hand, and computer technicians had to modify each tooth in the computerized model individually.
357:
The litigious history in the clear aligner market prompted ClearCorrect to be proactive in addressing patent issues between itself and Align
Technology. Align had previously filed a complaint with the
2556:
386:. The countersuit cited much of the evidence raised in Align's previous patent case against Ormco, which resulted in a federal court ruling that 11 of Align's patent claims were invalid.
199:. The molds for the aligners are built in layers using a photo-sensitive liquid resin that cures into a hard plastic when exposed to a laser. The aligners are made from an elastic
335:
Smile White is a UK-based company that offers clear aligners. In June 2023, the brand was acquired by twin dentists
Hussein and Hassan Dalghous, known on TikTok as TwinDentists.
1432:
1239:
1020:
Effect of Reducing the Incremental Distance of Tooth Movement per Aligner while Maintaining Overall Rate of Movement on Self-Reported Discomfort in Invisalign Patients
1316:
289:, was established in 2006. The company distributes its product throughout the United States, and in 2011 was named the fastest-growing health company in America by
2131:
1588:
2539:
2534:
2022:
1565:
1483:
884:
Bishop, A.; Womack, R.; Derakhshan, M. (September–October 2002), "An esthetic and removable orthodontic treatment option for patients: Invisalign",
1634:
208:(IPR, also called reproximation or, colloquially, filing or drilling) is sometimes used at the contacts between teeth to allow for a better fit.
1797:
1381:
366:
a class action lawsuit regarding providers that paid for training under the original rules resulted in some certifications being re-instated.
2524:
2509:
928:
865:
789:
254:, an American multinational medical-device company. The company's clear align system has been used to treat more than 12.2 million patients.
174:
Treatment begins with taking x-ray and photographs for diagnostic purposes, followed by capturing the patient's bite, teeth, and gums via a
358:
151:
found no high-quality evidence with respect to the management of the recurrence of lower-front-teeth misalignment following treatment.
1606:
1291:
994:
825:
1523:"Leeds twin millionaires at helm of dentistry empire whose clients include Leeds United players make eight-figure business purchase"
1395:
1018:
1670:
2608:
2514:
1438:
1845:
1146:
1323:
2268:
1620:
1362:
1860:
1840:
1113:
2582:
2519:
2483:
1635:"Align Technology Files Patent Infringement and False Advertising Lawsuit Against SmileCareClub, Sharper Image, and"
2529:
2323:
1951:
1790:
158:, but they can be removed, which makes cleaning of the teeth easier, and they are faster for the dentist to apply.
2603:
2027:
1151:
2438:
2121:
2103:
1592:
229:
1261:
1216:
2566:
2116:
2067:
2052:
1992:
1916:
1094:
205:
1727:
1197:
2561:
2042:
1896:
1825:
946:"Has Invisalign improved? A prospective follow-up study on the efficacy of tooth movement with Invisalign"
451:
647:
Malik, Ovals; McMullin, Allbhe; Waring, David (April 2013). "Invisible Orthodontics Part 1: Invisalign".
296:. It has been reported that in 2017 its clear align system had been used to treat about 80,000 patients.
126:. They are also indicated for patients who have experienced a relapse after fixed orthodontic treatment.
2393:
1783:
1638:
166:
2493:
2443:
2187:
2087:
2077:
2037:
1972:
1936:
1931:
1906:
1465:
1147:"Esthetic orthodontic treatment using the invisalign appliance for moderate to complex malocclusions"
944:
Haouili, Nada; Kravitz, Neal D.; Vaid, Nikhilesh R.; Ferguson, Donald J.; Makki, Laith (2020-09-01).
370:
324:
1911:
2488:
2433:
2293:
2253:
2243:
2126:
1977:
131:
779:
2478:
2418:
2413:
2047:
1835:
1541:"Consumer Alert: Questions to Consider When Researching Direct-To-Consumer Orthodontic Companies"
566:
179:
395:
plan, time/age of treatment, location, the experience of the orthodontist. In countries such as
2468:
2403:
2388:
2383:
2358:
2313:
2238:
2223:
2167:
2136:
1997:
1764:
1168:
1076:
1068:
975:
967:
924:
918:
893:
861:
821:
785:
751:
702:
664:
627:
605:
558:
504:
286:
196:
192:
175:
2458:
2448:
2308:
2288:
2283:
2213:
2208:
2182:
2082:
2057:
2017:
1164:
1160:
1060:
957:
741:
733:
694:
656:
548:
538:
494:
383:
251:
575:
The quality level of the studies was not sufficient to draw any evidence-based conclusions.
527:"Efficacy of clear aligners in controlling orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review"
191:(computer-aided-design and computer-aided-manufacturing) software and manufactured using a
2453:
2428:
2408:
2398:
2248:
2162:
2157:
1946:
1865:
1820:
1540:
596:
Kuncio, Daniel A. (March 2014). "Invisalign: current guidelines for effective treatment".
320:
290:
148:
1399:
722:"Interventions for managing relapse of the lower front teeth after orthodontic treatment"
746:
721:
685:
Fogel, Joshua; Janani, Raymond (2010). "Intentions and behaviors to obtain Invisalign".
46:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
2378:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2273:
2258:
2032:
1967:
1027:
553:
526:
525:
Rossini, G.; Parrini, S.; Castroflorio, T.; Deregibus, A.; Debernardi, CL. (Nov 2014).
408:
300:
155:
144:
2597:
2463:
2368:
2353:
2318:
2303:
2233:
2228:
2152:
1982:
1926:
1870:
404:
200:
134:
litigation, no manufacturer has obtained an injunction against another manufacturer.
110:
1749:
570:
2473:
2363:
2298:
2278:
2218:
2203:
2007:
1987:
1941:
1855:
1850:
1830:
1806:
737:
378:
systems". Align also claimed that ClearCorrect infringed eight of Align's patents.
118:
1348:
996:
Effect of Gingival Margin Design on Retention of Thermoformed Orthodontic Aligners
75:
1176:
855:
2423:
2373:
2348:
2263:
1921:
962:
945:
660:
258:
106:
1501:
2343:
2111:
2062:
2012:
2002:
1414:
304:
247:
242:
234:
147:
have been found with clear aligners compared with conventional braces. A 2013
81:
1072:
1064:
971:
706:
143:
likely not as effective as conventional braces. More cases of relapse of the
2072:
1901:
1125:
396:
1768:
1709:
1691:
1172:
1080:
979:
897:
755:
668:
609:
562:
508:
17:
1886:
1484:"Getting Your Teeth Straightened at a Strip Mall? Doctors Have a Warning"
543:
344:
consumer alert explaining potential risks associated with such services.
123:
698:
2177:
2172:
1891:
188:
1382:"A Clear Choice in the Dental Aligner Market: Doctors welcome options"
499:
482:
303:, by Willis Pumphrey, Jr., a dentist. In 2001, Pumphrey started using
92:
400:
277:
OrthoClear $ 20 million and OrthoClear agreed to end its operations.
1692:"Clear Braces Guide: Information on Types, Costs and More in the UK"
411:
prices are fairly similar across providers at circa $ 2,000/£1,500.
720:
Yu, Y; Sun, J; Lai, W; Wu, T; Koshy, S; Shi, Z (6 September 2013).
1652:
228:
165:
170:
3D representation of a person's teeth in the Invisalign software
1779:
1775:
1589:"ClearCorrect Voluntarily Dismisses Lawsuit Against Invisalign"
26:
2557:
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
1621:"ClearCorrect denies patent infringement, countersues Align"
950:
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
1710:"Clear Braces Guide: Information on Types, Costs and More"
1591:(Press release). Reuters. April 9, 2009. Archived from
1567:
Invisalign Agrees to Settlement in Class Action Lawsuit
1653:"Comparison of UK Clear Teeth Aligner Treatment Costs"
1607:"Align Technology Files Lawsuits Against ClearCorrect"
1502:"Smile Direct Club dentistry aligners firm shuts down"
1051:
Joffe, L. (2003). "Invisalign(R): early experiences".
452:"Traditional Braces vs Clear Aligners like Invisalign"
1437:, Texas CEO magazine, 10 January 2011, archived from
1434:
Necessity Knows The Law – The Next Stage Bootstrapper
1095:"The role of attachments in clear aligner treatment"
2575:
2549:
2502:
2196:
2145:
2096:
1960:
1879:
1813:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
68:
1322:. Ortho Tribune. October 16, 2006. Archived from
778:Basavaraj Subhashchandra Phulari (30 June 2013).
680:
678:
1317:"Align Technology and OrthoClear end Litigation"
857:Orthodontic and Dentofacial Orthopedic Treatment
109:devices that are a transparent, plastic form of
1198:"6 Things you didn't know about clear aligners"
1671:"An Expert's Guide to Clear Aligner Treatment"
1285:
1283:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
624:Oxford American Handbook of Clinical Dentistry
1791:
912:
910:
908:
906:
626:, New York: Oxford University Press, p.
8:
1262:"OrthoClear, Align end lengthy legal fight"
726:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1798:
1784:
1776:
1757:Journal of the Canadian Dental Association
854:Rakosi, Thomas; Graber, Thomas M. (2010).
74:
2540:Society for Orthodontic Dental Technology
2535:Italian Academy of Orthodontic Technology
2023:List of orthodontic functional appliances
961:
879:
877:
745:
642:
640:
638:
636:
591:
589:
587:
585:
583:
552:
542:
520:
518:
498:
483:"Clear aligners in orthodontic treatment"
339:Direct to consumer clear aligner services
1026:, Saint Louis University, archived from
923:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 353–.
154:Clear aligners are more noticeable than
1637:. CNN. October 22, 2015. Archived from
1459:
1457:
1455:
1363:"ClearCorrect honored by Inc. magazine"
1165:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2008.72.8.tb04570.x
443:
420:
369:In February 2009, ClearCorrect filed a
1728:"What are Invisalign Costs in Canada?"
1256:
1254:
1252:
476:
474:
472:
65:
2525:Canadian Association of Orthodontists
2510:American Association of Orthodontists
1545:American Association of Orthodontists
7:
1750:"Clinical Limitations of Invisalign"
1217:"How Much Do Invisible Braces Cost?"
1396:"Dental Cosmetic Center of Houston"
820:. Quintessence Publishing Co, Ltd.
359:U.S. International Trade Commission
257:The company was founded in 1997 by
88:
1748:Phan, Xiem; Ling, Paul H. (2007).
1609:. GlobeNewswire. February 2, 2011.
25:
1238:Coughlan, Anne; Hennessy, Julie,
1215:Howley, Elaine K. (25 Jan 2022).
993:Cowley, Daniel (August 1, 2012),
917:Melsen, Birte (3 February 2012).
598:The New York State Dental Journal
429:The New York State Dental Journal
264:Sales began in the U.S. in 1999.
1464:Casey Wooten (August 23, 2009).
1290:Benesh, Peter (March 19, 2007).
1241:Invisalign: Orthodontics Unwired
31:
1623:. DrBicuspid.com. May 12, 2011.
1564:Rasmussen, March (March 2011),
1466:"Competing at the cutting edge"
1266:Silicon Valley Business Journal
2515:American Board of Orthodontics
1244:, Kellogg School of Management
1219:. U.S. News & World Report
738:10.1002/14651858.CD008734.pub2
1:
2269:Harold Chapman (Orthodontist)
1952:Temperomandibular dysfunction
1570:, American Dental Association
1380:Del Williams (Jan 21, 2021).
784:. JP Medical Ltd. p. 1.
1861:Standard anatomical position
1841:Failure of eruption of teeth
1678:orthodonticsaustralia.org.au
1292:"No More Mouthfuls of Metal"
1202:orthodonticsaustralia.org.au
1099:orthodonticsaustralia.org.au
687:Journal of Medical Marketing
299:ClearCorrect was founded in
285:ClearCorrect, LLC, based in
2583:Angle School of Orthodontia
2520:British Orthodontic Society
1846:Little's Irregularity Index
1349:"Inc. Company Profile Rank"
1152:Journal of Dental Education
963:10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.12.015
661:10.12968/denu.2013.40.3.203
655:(3): 203–4, 207–10, 213–5.
2625:
2530:Indian Orthodontic Society
2324:John Hooper (Orthodontist)
1124:(1): 85–88, archived from
1114:"A Snapshot of Invisalign"
1017:Alexander, Justin (2012),
240:
2028:List of palatal expanders
1296:Investor's Business Daily
1118:Aesthetic Dentistry Today
487:Australian Dental Journal
311:Direct-to-consumer brands
89:
73:
63:Transparent dental braces
40:This article needs to be
2439:Frederick Lester Stanton
2122:Intrusion (orthodontics)
2104:Anchorage (orthodontics)
1413:Lynn S. (17 July 2019).
1145:Boyd, RL (August 2008),
2567:Journal of Orthodontics
2117:Interproximal reduction
2053:Palatal lift prosthesis
1053:Journal of Orthodontics
781:History of Orthodontics
206:Interproximal reduction
2609:Orthodontic appliances
2562:The Angle Orthodontist
2043:Orthodontic technology
1917:Bimaxillary Protrusion
1826:Cephalometric analysis
1595:on September 24, 2015.
1065:10.1093/ortho/30.4.348
999:, University of Nevada
816:Tuncay, Orhan (2006).
456:Orthodontics Australia
238:
171:
113:used to adjust teeth.
2394:Frederick Bogue Noyes
1490:. September 20, 2018.
1470:The Business Journals
1329:on September 23, 2015
1179:on September 30, 2019
818:The Invisalign System
374:patent infringement.
232:
169:
2444:Earl Emanuel Shepard
2197:Notable contributors
2108:Cantilever mechanics
2088:Twin Block Appliance
2078:Self-ligating braces
1937:Condylar hyperplasia
1932:Maxillary hypoplasia
1716:. 14 September 2023.
1698:. 10 September 2023.
1641:on October 25, 2015.
1268:. September 28, 2006
886:The Dental Assistant
544:10.2319/061614-436.1
371:declaratory judgment
325:Nashville, Tennessee
2294:John Nutting Farrar
2254:Charles J. Burstone
2244:Holly Broadbent Sr.
2127:Molar distalization
1978:Activator appliance
1732:olympiabenefits.com
1204:. October 18, 2018.
1112:Humber, PV (2008),
1101:. November 2, 2018.
699:10.1057/jmm.2009.50
348:Society and culture
250:is manufactured by
132:patent infringement
2479:Robert M. Ricketts
2419:Alfred Paul Rogers
2414:Robert M. Ricketts
2048:Orthodontic spacer
1836:Dentition analysis
1441:on 2 November 2019
1415:"Invisible braces"
1402:on April 25, 2012.
1369:. August 30, 2011.
920:Adult Orthodontics
622:John D. Da Silva,
427:Daniel A. Kuncio (
239:
180:polyvinyl siloxane
172:
2591:
2590:
2469:Edmund H. Wuerpel
2404:Herbert A. Pullen
2389:Dean Harold Noyes
2384:George Northcroft
2359:James A. McNamara
2314:Charles A. Hawley
2239:Charles B. Bolton
2224:Hans Peter Bimler
2137:Serial extraction
1998:Frankel appliance
1504:. BBC. 2023-12-10
1033:on March 29, 2014
930:978-1-4443-5574-1
867:978-3-13-127761-9
791:978-93-5090-471-8
500:10.1111/adj.12480
481:Weir, T. (2017).
287:Round Rock, Texas
233:Woman wearing an
197:stereolithography
195:technique called
193:rapid prototyping
176:bite registration
100:
99:
61:
60:
16:(Redirected from
2616:
2604:Dental equipment
2459:Charles H. Tweed
2449:Cecil C. Steiner
2309:Thomas M. Graber
2289:William B. Downs
2284:Terry Dischinger
2214:Clifford Ballard
2209:Spencer Atkinson
2083:Splint activator
2058:Palatal expander
2018:Herbst Appliance
1800:
1793:
1786:
1777:
1772:
1754:
1736:
1735:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1675:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1461:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1398:. Archived from
1392:
1386:
1385:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1328:
1321:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1287:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1258:
1247:
1245:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1175:, archived from
1142:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1032:
1025:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1004:
990:
984:
983:
965:
941:
935:
934:
914:
901:
900:
881:
872:
871:
851:
832:
831:
813:
796:
795:
775:
760:
759:
749:
717:
711:
710:
682:
673:
672:
644:
631:
620:
614:
613:
593:
578:
577:
556:
546:
522:
513:
512:
502:
478:
467:
466:
464:
463:
448:
432:
425:
384:double patenting
252:Align Technology
93:edit on Wikidata
78:
66:
56:
53:
47:
35:
34:
27:
21:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2571:
2545:
2498:
2494:C. Philip Adams
2454:David L. Turpin
2429:Everett Shapiro
2409:Earl W. Renfroe
2399:Albin Oppenheim
2249:Allan G. Brodie
2192:
2188:Dental elastics
2163:Stainless steel
2158:Nickel titanium
2141:
2092:
1956:
1947:Mouth breathing
1907:Dental crowding
1875:
1866:Tooth ankylosis
1821:Bolton analysis
1809:
1804:
1752:
1747:
1744:
1742:Further reading
1739:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1659:. 19 June 2022.
1651:
1650:
1646:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1573:
1571:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1549:
1547:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1507:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1463:
1462:
1453:
1444:
1442:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1300:
1298:
1289:
1288:
1281:
1271:
1269:
1260:
1259:
1250:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1182:
1180:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1131:
1129:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1002:
1000:
992:
991:
987:
943:
942:
938:
931:
916:
915:
904:
883:
882:
875:
868:
853:
852:
835:
828:
815:
814:
799:
792:
777:
776:
763:
732:(9): CD008734.
719:
718:
714:
684:
683:
676:
646:
645:
634:
621:
617:
595:
594:
581:
524:
523:
516:
480:
479:
470:
461:
459:
450:
449:
445:
441:
436:
435:
426:
422:
417:
392:
355:
350:
341:
333:
321:SmileDirectClub
318:
316:SmileDirectClub
313:
283:
274:
245:
227:
222:
164:
149:Cochrane review
140:
96:
85:
64:
57:
51:
48:
45:
36:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2622:
2620:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2596:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2379:Ravindra Nanda
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2339:Albert Ketcham
2336:
2334:Harold Kesling
2331:
2329:Joseph Jarabak
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2274:David Di Biase
2271:
2266:
2261:
2259:Peter Buschang
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2106:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2033:Lingual braces
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1968:ACCO appliance
1964:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1912:Dental spacing
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1763:(3): 263–266.
1743:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1719:
1701:
1683:
1662:
1657:aligners.co.uk
1644:
1626:
1612:
1598:
1580:
1556:
1532:
1527:Yorkshire Post
1514:
1493:
1475:
1451:
1424:
1405:
1387:
1372:
1367:DrBicuspid.com
1354:
1340:
1308:
1279:
1248:
1230:
1207:
1189:
1137:
1104:
1086:
1059:(4): 348–352.
1043:
1009:
985:
956:(3): 420–425.
936:
929:
902:
873:
866:
833:
827:978-1850971276
826:
797:
790:
761:
712:
693:(2): 135–145.
674:
632:
615:
579:
514:
468:
442:
440:
437:
434:
433:
419:
418:
416:
413:
409:United Kingdom
391:
388:
354:
351:
349:
346:
340:
337:
332:
329:
317:
314:
312:
309:
301:Houston, Texas
282:
279:
273:
270:
241:Main article:
226:
223:
221:
218:
163:
160:
156:lingual braces
145:anterior teeth
139:
136:
103:Clear aligners
98:
97:
90:
87:
86:
79:
71:
70:
69:Clear aligners
62:
59:
58:
39:
37:
30:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2621:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:Organizations
2501:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2489:Häns Pancherz
2487:
2485:
2484:Kevin O'Brien
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2464:Katherine Vig
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2434:L. F. Andrews
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2369:Robert Moyers
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2354:Benno Lischer
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2319:Reed Holdaway
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2304:Sheldon Friel
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2229:Samir Bishara
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2153:Beta-titanium
2151:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1927:Retrognathism
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1871:Tongue thrust
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1789:
1787:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1733:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1679:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1569:
1568:
1560:
1557:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1428:
1425:
1420:
1419:ArchWired.com
1416:
1409:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1383:
1376:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1351:. 2018-08-15.
1350:
1344:
1341:
1325:
1318:
1312:
1309:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1234:
1231:
1218:
1211:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1190:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1159:(8): 948–67,
1158:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1141:
1138:
1128:on 2012-03-16
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1108:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1044:
1029:
1022:
1021:
1013:
1010:
998:
997:
989:
986:
981:
977:
973:
969:
964:
959:
955:
951:
947:
940:
937:
932:
926:
922:
921:
913:
911:
909:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
880:
878:
874:
869:
863:
859:
858:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
834:
829:
823:
819:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
798:
793:
787:
783:
782:
774:
772:
770:
768:
766:
762:
757:
753:
748:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
716:
713:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
681:
679:
675:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
649:Dental Update
643:
641:
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
619:
616:
611:
607:
603:
599:
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
536:
532:
528:
521:
519:
515:
510:
506:
501:
496:
492:
488:
484:
477:
475:
473:
469:
457:
453:
447:
444:
438:
430:
424:
421:
414:
412:
410:
406:
405:United States
402:
398:
389:
387:
385:
379:
375:
372:
367:
363:
360:
352:
347:
345:
338:
336:
330:
328:
326:
322:
315:
310:
308:
306:
302:
297:
295:
293:
288:
280:
278:
271:
269:
265:
262:
260:
255:
253:
249:
244:
237:clear aligner
236:
231:
224:
219:
217:
213:
209:
207:
202:
201:thermoplastic
198:
194:
190:
184:
181:
177:
168:
161:
159:
157:
152:
150:
146:
137:
135:
133:
127:
125:
120:
114:
112:
111:dental braces
108:
104:
94:
83:
77:
72:
67:
55:
52:November 2023
43:
38:
29:
28:
19:
2474:Won-Sik Yang
2364:Birte Melsen
2299:Rolf Frankel
2279:Jean Delaire
2219:Raymond Begg
2204:Edward Angle
2008:Lingual arch
1988:Damon system
1942:Overeruption
1856:Scissor bite
1851:Malocclusion
1831:Cephalometry
1807:Orthodontics
1760:
1756:
1731:
1722:
1713:
1704:
1695:
1686:
1677:
1665:
1656:
1647:
1639:the original
1629:
1615:
1601:
1593:the original
1583:
1572:, retrieved
1566:
1559:
1548:. Retrieved
1544:
1535:
1526:
1517:
1506:. Retrieved
1496:
1487:
1478:
1469:
1443:, retrieved
1439:the original
1433:
1427:
1418:
1408:
1400:the original
1390:
1375:
1366:
1357:
1343:
1331:. Retrieved
1324:the original
1311:
1299:. Retrieved
1295:
1270:. Retrieved
1265:
1240:
1233:
1221:. Retrieved
1210:
1201:
1192:
1181:, retrieved
1177:the original
1156:
1150:
1140:
1130:, retrieved
1126:the original
1121:
1117:
1107:
1098:
1089:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1035:, retrieved
1028:the original
1019:
1012:
1001:, retrieved
995:
988:
953:
949:
939:
919:
889:
885:
856:
817:
780:
729:
725:
715:
690:
686:
652:
648:
623:
618:
601:
597:
574:
537:(5): 881–9.
534:
531:Angle Orthod
530:
490:
486:
460:. Retrieved
458:. 2020-09-01
455:
446:
428:
423:
393:
380:
376:
368:
364:
356:
342:
334:
319:
298:
291:
284:
281:ClearCorrect
275:
266:
263:
256:
246:
214:
210:
185:
173:
153:
141:
128:
115:
102:
101:
49:
41:
2576:Institution
2424:Ronald Roth
2374:Hayes Nance
2349:Craven Kurz
2264:Calvin Case
1922:Prognathism
1714:dentaly.org
1696:dentaly.org
1445:2 September
1183:January 28,
892:(5): 14–7,
604:(2): 11–4.
331:Smile White
323:, based in
259:Zia Chishti
162:Application
107:orthodontic
2598:Categories
2344:Juri Kurol
2234:Arne Björk
2112:Fiberotomy
2097:Procedures
2063:Quad helix
2013:Lip bumper
2003:Invisalign
1961:Appliances
1880:Conditions
1550:2020-08-16
1508:2023-12-18
1333:January 7,
1301:January 9,
1272:January 9,
1132:2011-01-28
860:. Thieme.
462:2021-02-06
439:References
305:Invisalign
272:Orthoclear
248:Invisalign
243:Invisalign
235:Invisalign
225:Invisalign
82:Invisalign
18:Orthoclear
2542:(Germany)
2183:Composite
2146:Materials
2073:SureSmile
1902:Crossbite
1897:Open bite
1814:Diagnosis
1574:March 25,
1488:Bloomberg
1073:1465-3133
1037:March 11,
1003:March 11,
972:0889-5406
707:1745-7904
493:: 58–62.
397:Australia
2550:Journals
2168:TiMolium
2068:Retainer
2038:Headgear
1993:Elastics
1973:Archwire
1887:Overbite
1769:17439714
1173:18676803
1081:14634176
980:32620479
898:12387123
756:24014170
747:10793711
669:23767109
610:24851387
571:10787375
563:25412265
509:28297094
353:Lawsuits
294:magazine
119:crowding
2178:Ceramic
2173:Elgiloy
1892:Overjet
1529:. 2023.
554:8610387
189:CAD/CAM
124:jawbone
84:aligner
42:updated
1983:Braces
1767:
1171:
1079:
1071:
978:
970:
927:
896:
864:
824:
788:
754:
744:
705:
667:
608:
569:
561:
551:
507:
401:Canada
220:Brands
2132:SARPE
1753:(PDF)
1674:(PDF)
1327:(PDF)
1320:(PDF)
1223:8 Feb
1031:(PDF)
1024:(PDF)
567:S2CID
415:Notes
390:Costs
91:[
1765:PMID
1576:2014
1447:2015
1335:2013
1303:2013
1274:2013
1225:2022
1185:2011
1169:PMID
1077:PMID
1069:ISSN
1039:2014
1005:2014
976:PMID
968:ISSN
925:ISBN
894:PMID
862:ISBN
822:ISBN
786:ISBN
752:PMID
703:ISSN
665:PMID
606:PMID
559:PMID
505:PMID
407:and
292:Inc.
178:and
138:Uses
105:are
1161:doi
1061:doi
958:doi
954:158
742:PMC
734:doi
695:doi
657:doi
628:162
549:PMC
539:doi
495:doi
80:An
2600::
1761:73
1759:.
1755:.
1730:.
1712:.
1694:.
1676:.
1655:.
1543:.
1525:.
1486:.
1468:.
1454:^
1417:.
1365:.
1294:.
1282:^
1264:.
1251:^
1200:.
1167:,
1157:72
1155:,
1149:,
1120:,
1116:,
1097:.
1075:.
1067:.
1057:30
1055:.
974:.
966:.
952:.
948:.
905:^
890:71
888:,
876:^
836:^
800:^
764:^
750:.
740:.
728:.
724:.
701:.
691:10
689:.
677:^
663:.
653:40
651:.
635:^
602:80
600:.
582:^
573:.
565:.
557:.
547:.
535:85
533:.
529:.
517:^
503:.
491:62
489:.
485:.
471:^
454:.
403:,
399:,
1799:e
1792:t
1785:v
1771:.
1734:.
1680:.
1553:.
1511:.
1472:.
1421:.
1384:.
1337:.
1305:.
1276:.
1246:}
1227:.
1163::
1122:2
1083:.
1063::
982:.
960::
933:.
870:.
830:.
794:.
758:.
736::
730:9
709:.
697::
671:.
659::
630:.
612:.
541::
511:.
497::
465:.
95:]
54:)
50:(
44:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
