135:
IPR may be carried out using abrasive metal strips, diamond coated disks, or air-rotor stripping burs and abrasive coated strips. Metal strips may be more appropriate than disks for rotated teeth. Diamond disks must be used properly so as not to leave undercuts on the enamel or come into contact with
110:
IPR is an irreversible procedure and can be an alternative to dental extraction. Indications for the procedure include mild to moderate crowding (4–8mm), black triangles in anterior teeth, enhancing retention and stability after orthodontic treatment, and correction of the Curve of Spee. IPR is
127:. According to Sheridan, 2.5mm of space from IPR of five anterior contacts and 6.4mm of space from IPR from eight posterior contacts can be obtained. It was recommended that no more than 0.5–0.75mm should be removed from each proximal side of the anterior teeth.
58:
ends, such as to correct crowding, or reshape the contact area between neighboring teeth. After reducing the enamel, the procedure should also involve anatomic re-contouring and the protection of interproximal enamel surfaces.
172:. In a study where participants received fluoride after IPR, it was determined that this group had lesser chances of developing caries on the tooth surfaces treated with IPR than the group who did not receive any fluoride.
148:
of the tooth. Therefore, to protect pulp against potential heat damage, both
Sheridan and Zachrissan recommend that water be used during IPR to reduce effects on the dental pulp. IPR has also been known to cause caries and
111:
contraindicated for patients with a high risk for caries, poor oral hygiene, active periodontal diseases, multiple restorations, greater than 8mm of crowding per arch, hypersensitivity to cold, and large pulp chambers.
153:. However, the association has been a topic of debate. In fact, an observational study done by Zachrisson which looked at 61 subjects who went through IPR 10 years post-operatively, found that there were no signs of
102:
Some evidence suggests that modern diets of soft and processed foods have resulted in a significant decrease in natural interproximal wear, making dental crowding more prevalent in modern populations.
136:
the patient's soft tissue. When using air-rotor burs, it is recommended that the tips be squared-off so that they do not leave furrows. Burs also tend to produce a rough finish on the enamel surface.
1542:
636:
Arman, Ayca; Cehreli, S. Burcak; Ozel, Emre; Arhun, Neslihan; Cetinşahin, Alev; Soyman, Mubin (2006-08-01). "Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of enamel after various stripping methods".
679:
Zachrisson, Björn U.; Nyøygaard, Lise; Mobarak, Karim (2007-02-01). "Dental health assessed more than 10 years after interproximal enamel reduction of mandibular anterior teeth".
95:
or expansion of teeth during orthodontic treatment. In 2004, Zachrisson stated that IPR can be used to improve the esthetics of anterior teeth. When a crowded arch is aligned, "
1117:
1525:
1520:
1008:
722:
Twesme, D. A.; Firestone, A. R.; Heaven, T. J.; Feagin, F. F.; Jacobson, A. (1994-02-01). "Air-rotor stripping and enamel demineralization in vitro".
539:
Hall, Nathan E.; Lindauer, Steven J.; Tüfekçi, Eser; Shroff, Bhavna (2007-06-01). "Predictors of variation in mandibular incisor enamel thickness".
783:
1510:
1495:
352:
87:
1500:
831:
1254:
846:
826:
505:
Lapenaite, Egle; Lopatiene, Kristina (2014-01-01). "Interproximal enamel reduction as a part of orthodontic treatment".
91:
in which he explained his technique. He stated that the IPR procedure could be used as an alternative to procedures of
1568:
1505:
1469:
96:
78:
1515:
1309:
937:
776:
478:
Lapenaite, Egle; Lapenaite, Kristina (2014). "Interproximal enamel reduction as a part of orthodontic treatment".
77:. Other authors also advocated about slenderizing the teeth for next 40 years but it was not until the 1980s when
1013:
71:
was the first to advocate for the stripping of the lower anterior teeth due to crowding in a paper published in
1424:
1107:
1089:
1552:
1053:
1038:
978:
902:
169:
1547:
1028:
882:
811:
85:(ARS) technique for interproximal reduction captured significant interest. He published two papers in the
73:
82:
1589:
1379:
769:
256:
68:
1479:
1429:
1173:
1073:
1063:
1023:
958:
922:
917:
892:
897:
1474:
1419:
1279:
1239:
1229:
1112:
963:
150:
124:
1464:
1404:
1399:
1033:
821:
618:
154:
1454:
1389:
1374:
1369:
1344:
1299:
1224:
1209:
1153:
1122:
983:
747:
739:
704:
696:
661:
653:
610:
602:
582:
564:
556:
521:
513:
487:
460:
452:
413:
372:
353:"The adaptive value of dental crowding: a consideration of the biologic basis of malocclusion"
333:
325:
298:
290:
230:
212:
433:"Dental health assessed after interproximal enamel reduction: Caries risk in posterior teeth"
1444:
1434:
1294:
1274:
1269:
1199:
1194:
1168:
1068:
1043:
1003:
731:
688:
645:
594:
548:
444:
403:
364:
220:
202:
165:
161:
92:
1439:
1414:
1394:
1384:
1234:
1148:
1143:
932:
851:
806:
1364:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1259:
1244:
1018:
953:
225:
190:
735:
1583:
1449:
1354:
1339:
1304:
1289:
1219:
1214:
1138:
968:
912:
856:
368:
622:
552:
1459:
1349:
1284:
1264:
1204:
1189:
993:
973:
927:
841:
836:
816:
792:
145:
120:
55:
51:
432:
1409:
1359:
1334:
1249:
907:
692:
649:
448:
207:
1329:
1097:
1048:
998:
988:
255:
Choudhary, A; Gautam, AK; Chouksey, A; Bhusan, M; Nigam, M; Tiwari, M (2015).
743:
700:
657:
606:
560:
517:
456:
417:
329:
294:
216:
1058:
887:
408:
391:
708:
665:
568:
525:
491:
464:
431:
Zachrisson, Björn U.; Minster, Line; Øgaard, Bjørn; Birkhed, Dowen (2011).
234:
751:
614:
376:
337:
302:
872:
507:
Stomatologija / Issued by Public
Institution "Odontologijos Studija" ...
585:; Jäger, A.; Zimmer, B.; Schwestka, R.; Bertzbach, F. (1989-08-01). "".
1163:
1158:
877:
598:
164:
application on the treated teeth or part-time wear of a thermoformed
189:
Livas, Christos; Jongsma, Albert
Cornelis; Ren, Yijin (2013-10-31).
257:"Interproximal enamel reduction in orthodontic treatment: A review"
191:"Enamel Reduction Techniques in Orthodontics: A Literature Review"
765:
761:
1543:
American
Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
724:
American
Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
681:
American
Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
638:
American
Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
437:
American
Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
316:
Sheridan, J. J. (1987-11-01). "Air-rotor stripping update".
99:" form which can be removed with IPR of the anterior teeth.
157:
or thinning of the labial gingiva in 93% of the patients.
160:
It is recommended that to limit any side effects of IPR,
480:
281:
Sheridan, J. J. (1985-01-01). "Air-rotor stripping".
1561:
1535:
1488:
1182:
1131:
1082:
946:
865:
799:
396:Journal of Dentofacial Anomalies and Orthodontics
144:Excessive heat is known to cause damage to the
392:"Clear thinking about interproximal stripping"
264:Journal of Applied Dental and Medical Sciences
123:can be stripped without causing any dental or
777:
8:
50:) is the practice of mechanically removing
784:
770:
762:
541:Journal of the American Dental Association
1526:Society for Orthodontic Dental Technology
1521:Italian Academy of Orthodontic Technology
1009:List of orthodontic functional appliances
407:
224:
206:
181:
1511:Canadian Association of Orthodontists
1496:American Association of Orthodontists
7:
250:
248:
246:
244:
54:from between the teeth to achieve
14:
587:Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie
357:American Journal of Orthodontics
351:Lombardi, A. V. (January 1982).
318:Journal of Clinical Orthodontics
283:Journal of Clinical Orthodontics
88:Journal of Clinical Orthodontics
553:10.14219/jada.archive.2007.0270
1501:American Board of Orthodontics
28:interproximal enamel reduction
1:
1255:Harold Chapman (Orthodontist)
938:Temperomandibular dysfunction
736:10.1016/S0889-5406(94)70110-5
847:Standard anatomical position
827:Failure of eruption of teeth
369:10.1016/0002-9416(82)90286-x
1569:Angle School of Orthodontia
1506:British Orthodontic Society
832:Little's Irregularity Index
693:10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.10.001
650:10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.01.021
449:10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.09.002
208:10.2174/1874210601307010146
1606:
1516:Indian Orthodontic Society
1310:John Hooper (Orthodontist)
195:The Open Dentistry Journal
1014:List of palatal expanders
390:Frindel, Clément (2010).
1425:Frederick Lester Stanton
1108:Intrusion (orthodontics)
1090:Anchorage (orthodontics)
1553:Journal of Orthodontics
1103:Interproximal reduction
1039:Palatal lift prosthesis
20:Interproximal reduction
1548:The Angle Orthodontist
1029:Orthodontic technology
903:Bimaxillary Protrusion
812:Cephalometric analysis
119:About 50% of proximal
74:The Angle Orthodontist
1380:Frederick Bogue Noyes
409:10.1051/odfen/2010208
16:Orthodontic treatment
1430:Earl Emanuel Shepard
1183:Notable contributors
1094:Cantilever mechanics
1074:Twin Block Appliance
1064:Self-ligating braces
923:Condylar hyperplasia
918:Maxillary hypoplasia
125:periodontal problems
1280:John Nutting Farrar
1240:Charles J. Burstone
1230:Holly Broadbent Sr.
1113:Molar distalization
964:Activator appliance
151:periodontal disease
83:Air Rotor Stripping
40:air rotor stripping
1465:Robert M. Ricketts
1405:Alfred Paul Rogers
1400:Robert M. Ricketts
1034:Orthodontic spacer
822:Dentition analysis
599:10.1007/bf02164304
155:gingival recession
1577:
1576:
1455:Edmund H. Wuerpel
1390:Herbert A. Pullen
1375:Dean Harold Noyes
1370:George Northcroft
1345:James A. McNamara
1300:Charles A. Hawley
1225:Charles B. Bolton
1210:Hans Peter Bimler
1123:Serial extraction
984:Frankel appliance
69:Murray L. Ballard
1597:
1445:Charles H. Tweed
1435:Cecil C. Steiner
1295:Thomas M. Graber
1275:William B. Downs
1270:Terry Dischinger
1200:Clifford Ballard
1195:Spencer Atkinson
1069:Splint activator
1044:Palatal expander
1004:Herbst Appliance
786:
779:
772:
763:
756:
755:
719:
713:
712:
676:
670:
669:
644:(2): 131.e7–14.
633:
627:
626:
583:Radlanski, R. J.
579:
573:
572:
536:
530:
529:
502:
496:
495:
475:
469:
468:
428:
422:
421:
411:
387:
381:
380:
348:
342:
341:
313:
307:
306:
278:
272:
271:
261:
252:
239:
238:
228:
210:
186:
166:fluoride varnish
162:topical fluoride
79:John J. Sheridan
1605:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1557:
1531:
1484:
1480:C. Philip Adams
1440:David L. Turpin
1415:Everett Shapiro
1395:Earl W. Renfroe
1385:Albin Oppenheim
1235:Allan G. Brodie
1178:
1174:Dental elastics
1149:Stainless steel
1144:Nickel titanium
1127:
1078:
942:
933:Mouth breathing
893:Dental crowding
861:
852:Tooth ankylosis
807:Bolton analysis
795:
790:
760:
759:
721:
720:
716:
678:
677:
673:
635:
634:
630:
581:
580:
576:
538:
537:
533:
504:
503:
499:
477:
476:
472:
430:
429:
425:
389:
388:
384:
350:
349:
345:
324:(11): 781–788.
315:
314:
310:
280:
279:
275:
259:
254:
253:
242:
188:
187:
183:
178:
142:
133:
117:
108:
97:black triangles
65:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1603:
1601:
1593:
1592:
1582:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1365:Ravindra Nanda
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1325:Albert Ketcham
1322:
1320:Harold Kesling
1317:
1315:Joseph Jarabak
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1260:David Di Biase
1257:
1252:
1247:
1245:Peter Buschang
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1019:Lingual braces
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
954:ACCO appliance
950:
948:
944:
943:
941:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
898:Dental spacing
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
869:
867:
863:
862:
860:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
803:
801:
797:
796:
791:
789:
788:
781:
774:
766:
758:
757:
730:(2): 142–152.
714:
687:(2): 162–169.
671:
628:
593:(4): 276–284.
574:
547:(6): 809–815.
531:
497:
470:
423:
402:(2): 187–199.
382:
343:
308:
273:
240:
180:
179:
177:
174:
141:
138:
132:
129:
116:
113:
107:
104:
64:
61:
26:, also called
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1602:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:Organizations
1487:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1475:Häns Pancherz
1473:
1471:
1470:Kevin O'Brien
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1450:Katherine Vig
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1420:L. F. Andrews
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1355:Robert Moyers
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1340:Benno Lischer
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1305:Reed Holdaway
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1290:Sheldon Friel
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1215:Samir Bishara
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1139:Beta-titanium
1137:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
951:
949:
945:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
913:Retrognathism
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
870:
868:
864:
858:
857:Tongue thrust
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
804:
802:
798:
794:
787:
782:
780:
775:
773:
768:
767:
764:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
718:
715:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
675:
672:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
632:
629:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
578:
575:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
535:
532:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
508:
501:
498:
493:
489:
485:
481:
474:
471:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
427:
424:
419:
415:
410:
405:
401:
397:
393:
386:
383:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
347:
344:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
312:
309:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
277:
274:
270:(3): 123–127.
269:
265:
258:
251:
249:
247:
245:
241:
236:
232:
227:
222:
218:
214:
209:
204:
200:
196:
192:
185:
182:
175:
173:
171:
167:
163:
158:
156:
152:
147:
139:
137:
130:
128:
126:
122:
114:
112:
105:
103:
100:
98:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
76:
75:
70:
62:
60:
57:
53:
49:
48:reproximation
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
1590:Orthodontics
1460:Won-Sik Yang
1350:Birte Melsen
1285:Rolf Frankel
1265:Jean Delaire
1205:Raymond Begg
1190:Edward Angle
1102:
994:Lingual arch
974:Damon system
928:Overeruption
842:Scissor bite
837:Malocclusion
817:Cephalometry
793:Orthodontics
727:
723:
717:
684:
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631:
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512:(1): 19–24.
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443:(1): 90–98.
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363:(1): 38–42.
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289:(1): 43–59.
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140:Side effects
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27:
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18:
1562:Institution
1410:Ronald Roth
1360:Hayes Nance
1335:Craven Kurz
1250:Calvin Case
908:Prognathism
201:: 146–151.
106:Application
56:orthodontic
1330:Juri Kurol
1220:Arne Björk
1098:Fiberotomy
1083:Procedures
1049:Quad helix
999:Lip bumper
989:Invisalign
947:Appliances
866:Conditions
176:References
131:Techniques
93:extraction
36:slendering
1528:(Germany)
1169:Composite
1132:Materials
1059:SureSmile
888:Crossbite
883:Open bite
800:Diagnosis
744:0889-5406
701:1097-6752
658:1097-6752
607:0015-816X
561:0002-8177
518:1822-301X
457:0889-5406
418:2110-5715
330:0022-3875
295:0022-3875
217:1874-2106
168:-infused
67:In 1944,
1584:Category
1536:Journals
1154:TiMolium
1054:Retainer
1024:Headgear
979:Elastics
959:Archwire
873:Overbite
709:17276856
666:16905055
623:24290597
569:17545271
526:24824056
492:24824056
465:21195282
235:24265652
170:retainer
1164:Ceramic
1159:Elgiloy
878:Overjet
752:8311036
615:2792988
377:6960695
338:3482080
303:3882756
226:3831306
63:History
969:Braces
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215:
121:enamel
115:Amount
52:enamel
1118:SARPE
619:S2CID
260:(PDF)
46:) or
748:PMID
740:ISSN
705:PMID
697:ISSN
662:PMID
654:ISSN
611:PMID
603:ISSN
565:PMID
557:ISSN
522:PMID
514:ISSN
488:PMID
461:PMID
453:ISSN
414:ISSN
373:PMID
334:PMID
326:ISSN
299:PMID
291:ISSN
231:PMID
213:ISSN
146:pulp
732:doi
728:105
689:doi
685:131
646:doi
642:130
595:doi
549:doi
545:138
445:doi
441:139
404:doi
365:doi
221:PMC
203:doi
81:'s
44:ARS
34:),
32:IER
24:IPR
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