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429:, a liar, and a fraud, and that the poems were forgeries". Johnson also dismissed the poems' quality. Upon being asked, "But Doctor Johnson, do you really believe that any man today could write such poetry?" he famously replied, "Yes. Many men. Many women. And many children." Johnson is cited as calling the story of Ossian "as gross an imposition as ever the world was troubled with". In support of his claim, Johnson also called Gaelic the rude speech of a barbarous people, and said there were no manuscripts in it more than 100 years old. In reply, it was proved that the Advocates' Library at Edinburgh contained Gaelic manuscripts 500 years old, and one of even greater antiquity.
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2266:"Ossian Collection: Selected books from the Ossian Collection of 327 volumes, originally assembled by J. Norman Methven of Perth. Different editions and translations of James MacPherson's epic poem 'Ossian', some with a map of the 'Kingdom of Connor'. Also secondary material relating to Ossianic poetry and the Ossian controversy"
218:
meaning 'white stranger'), written by Ossian. According to
Macpherson's prefatory material, his publisher, claiming that there was no market for these works except in English, required that they be translated. Macpherson published these alleged translations during the next few years, culminating in a
1348:
has 327 books and associated materials in its Ossian
Collection. The collection was originally assembled by J. Norman Methven of Perth and includes different editions and translations of James Macpherson's epic poem 'Ossian', some with a map of the 'Kingdom of Connor'. It also contains secondary
1122:
painted a number of subjects, and two large series of illustrations for the poems, which never got properly into print; like many
Ossianic works by Wallis, Carstens, Krafft and others, some of these were painted in Rome, perhaps not the best place to evoke the dim northern light of the poems. In
410:
There were immediate disputes of
Macpherson's claims on both literary and political grounds. Macpherson promoted a Scottish origin for the material, and was hotly opposed by Irish historians who felt that their heritage was being appropriated. However, both Scotland and Ireland shared a common
254:
Characters are given to killing loved ones by mistake, and dying of grief, or of joy. There is very little information given on the religion, culture or society of the characters, and buildings are hardly mentioned. The landscape "is more real than the people who inhabit it. Drowned in eternal
583:
The controversy raged on into the early years of the 19th century, with disputes as to whether the poems were based on Irish sources, on sources in
English, on Gaelic fragments woven into his own composition as Johnson concluded, or largely on Scots Gaelic oral traditions and manuscripts as
1178:(or Quaï) who promoted living in the style of "early civilizations as described in Homer, Ossian, and the Bible". Quays is reported as saying: "Homère? Ossian? ... le soleil? la lune? Voilà la question. En vérité, je crois que je préfère la lune. C'est plus simple, plus grand, plus
386:
eventually withdrew his initial support of
Macpherson and quipped that he could not accept the claimed authenticity of the poems even if "fifty bare-arsed Highlanders" vouched for it. By the early 19th century, the cycle came to play a limited role in Scottish patriotic rhetoric.
1251:. Gérard's original was lost in a shipwreck after being bought by the King of Sweden after the fall of Napoleon, but survives in three replicas by the artist (a further one in Berlin was lost in 1945). One is now at Malmaison (184.5 × 194.5 cm / 72.6 × 76.6 in), and the
2497:"Homer des Nordens" und "Mutter der Romantik", Bd. 1: James Macphersons Ossian, zeitgenössische Diskurse und die Frühphase der deutschen Rezeption, Bd. 2: Die Haupt- und Spätphase der deutschen Rezeption. Bibliographie internationaler Quellentexte und Forschungsliteratur
2501:"Homer of the North" and "Mother of Romanticism", Vol. 1: James Macpherson's Ossian, contemporary discourses and the early phase of German reception, Vol. 2: The main and late phase of German reception. Bibliography of international source texts and research literature
993:
Subjects from the Ossian poems were popular in the art of northern Europe, but at rather different periods depending on the country; by the time French artists began to depict Ossian, British artists had largely dropped him. Ossian was especially popular in
362:
over the following century. European historians agree that the Ossian poems and their vision of mythical
Scotland spurred the emergence of enlightened patriotism on the continent and played a foundational role in the making of modern European nationalism.
1409:, Dafydd Moore, a 4-volume edition of Ossianic works and a collection of varied responses (London: Routledge). This includes facsimiles of the Ossian works, contemporary and later responses, contextual letters and reviews, and later adaptations.
515:
970:, the leading antiquary of the movement, proposing that someone should travel to the isles and western coast of Scotland and collect the work of the ancient and modern bards, in which alone he could find the language in its purity.
1296:
when exhibited in 1802, and remains a key work in the emergence of French
Romantic painting, but the specific allusions to the political situation that he intended it to carry were largely lost on the public, and overtaken by the
584:
Macpherson claimed. In the late 19th century, it was demonstrated that the only "original" Gaelic manuscripts that
Macpherson produced for the poems were in fact back-translations of his work from English. During the same period,
1190:
as a summer palace, and though he does not seem to have suggested
Ossianic subjects for his painters, two large and significant works were among those painted for the reception hall, for which six artists had been commissioned.
156:. Contemporary critics were divided in their view of the work's authenticity, but the current consensus is that Macpherson largely composed the poems himself, drawing in part on traditional Gaelic poetry he had collected.
1131:; these remain as drawings only. Many other German works are recorded, some as late as the 1840s; word of the British scepticism over the Ossian poems was slow to penetrate the continent, or considered irrelevant.
234:, but there is no single narrative, although the same characters reappear. The main characters are Ossian himself, relating the stories when old and blind, his father Fingal (very loosely based on the Irish hero
2490:
Hanselaar, Saskia, "La Mort de Malvina du musée Auguste Grasset à Varzy : une œuvre de jeunesse réattribuée à Ary Scheffer", La Revue des musées de France – Revue du Louvre, LXIe année, octobre 2011, n°4,
1286:
choice of historical subject-matter. David's recorded reactions to the paintings were guarded or hostile; he said of Girodet's work: "Either Girodet is mad or I no longer know anything of the art of painting".
250:
a name invented by Macpherson), who looks after Ossian in his old age. Though the stories "are of endless battles and unhappy loves", the enemies and causes of strife are given little explanation and context.
671:
and Germany the Celtic nature of the setting was ignored or not understood, and Ossian was regarded as a Nordic or Germanic figure who became a symbol for nationalist aspirations. In 1799, the French general
1061:
618:(1761, dated 1762) was indebted to traditional Gaelic poetry composed in the 15th and 16th centuries, as well as to Macpherson's "own creativity and editorial laxity", while the second epic
4841:
1459:
607:, had adapted often contradictory accounts of the same legends into a coherent plotline by altering the original characters and ideas, and had also introduced a great deal of his own.
580:
and offers a tale which bears some comparison to Macpherson's "Darthula", although it is radically different in many respects. Donald Smith cited it in his report for the committee.
2696:
Excellent online bibliography; compiled by designated experts in the field; covering the most important scholarly monographs and articles on Ossian and Macpherson up to March 2004.
303:
thought Ossian "the greatest poet that has ever existed", and planned to learn Gaelic so as to read his poems in the original. They were proclaimed as a Celtic equivalent of the
3160:
1312:, was to depict Ossianic scenes over most of his long career. He made a drawing in 1809, when studying in Rome, and in 1810 or 1811 was commissioned to make two paintings,
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783:
By 1800, Ossian was translated into Spanish and Russian, with Dutch following in 1805, and Polish, Czech and Hungarian in 1827–33. The poems were as much admired in
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In France the enthusiasm of Napoleon for the poems accounts for most artistic depictions, and those by the most famous artists, but a painting exhibited in the
374:
held it up as "another proof of Scotch conspiracy in national falsehood", while the Irish objected to what they saw as Macpherson's misappropriation of the
5239:
700:(d. 1907). "Oscar" being a royal name led to its becoming also a common male first name, especially in Scandinavia but also in other European countries.
2038:, collected by Lady Evelyn Stewart Murray, translated and edited by Sylvia Robertson and Tony Dilworth, Scottish Gaelic Texts Society, Volume 20, 2009.
39:
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British artists began to depict the Ossian poems early on, with the first major work a cycle of paintings decorating the ceiling the "Grand Hall" of
159:
The work was internationally popular, translated into all the literary languages of Europe and was highly influential both in the development of the
1423:, an edited and illustrated edition of the Poems with a new introduction and index by Scottish artist Eileen Budd (Windermere: Wide Open Sea Press).
3675:
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was an Italian clergyman whose translation into Italian is said by many to improve on the original, and was a tireless promoter of the poems, in
1282:, and the clearly unclassical subjects of the Ossian poems were useful for emergent French Romantic painting, marking a revolt against David's
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1416:, a reprint of the first edition and abridgement of the follow-up with new material by Allan and Linda Burnett (Edinburgh: Luath Press Ltd).
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Reproduction of the cycle of paintings "Ossian: Fragments of Ancient Poetry" (2002) by one of Scotland's most renowned contemporary artists
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to be authentic, was moved to revalue the genuine traditions and rich cultural heritage of the Gaels. At around the same time, he wrote to
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1182:". ("Homer? Ossian? ... the sun? the moon? That's the question. Truthfully I think I prefer the moon. It's more simple, more grand, more
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material relating to Ossianic poetry and the Ossian controversy. More than 200 items from the collection have been digitised.
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263:, it is a world of greyness." Fingal is king of a region of south-west Scotland perhaps similar to the historical kingdom of
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enquired after the authenticity of Macpherson's supposed original. It was because of these circumstances that the so-called
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that he planned a series of 100, far more than asked for, in a style heavily influenced by the linear illustrations of
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on a visit to Rome. In fact the visit never came off and in 1835 Ingres repurchased the work, now in poor condition.
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Fragments of ancient poetry, collected in the Highlands of Scotland, and translated from the Gaelic or Erse language
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Fragments of ancient poetry, collected in the Highlands of Scotland, and translated from the Galic or Erse language
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investigated the sources for Macpherson's work and concluded that Macpherson had collected genuine Scottish Gaelic
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upheld the work's authenticity against Johnson's scathing criticism and from 1765 was included in every edition of
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Ossian ou l'Esthétique des Ombres : une génération d'artistes français à la veille du Romantisme (1793–1833),
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2631:, catalogue de l'exposition du même nom organisée par les musées de Montargis, Montargis, Musée Girodet, 1988.
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that he added to the second edition of his seminal history. In 1775, he expanded his criticism in a new book,
140:, said to be from ancient sources, and that the work was his translation of that material. Ossian is based on
646:, whose own German translation of a portion of Macpherson's work figures prominently in a climactic scene of
210:. Later that year, he claimed to have obtained further manuscripts and, in 1761, he claimed to have found an
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The supposed original poems are translated into poetic prose, with short and simple sentences. The mood is
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as well as Italy. It was his translation that Napoleon especially admired, and among others it influenced
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in 1804, and transformed the composer's career. The poems also exerted an influence on the burgeoning of
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survive, and two pamphlets describing them were published in the 18th century. A subject from Ossian by
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to lend the work credibility. The work also had a timely resonance for those swept away by the emerging
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and the poems appear to be set around the 3rd century, with the "king of the world" mentioned being the
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Thomson, Derick Smith. "The Gaelic Sources of Macpherson's 'Ossian'", (1951), Aberdeen University Press
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with Great Britain, signed in 1802 between the completion and exhibition of the work. He also produced
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592:(1875) that the poems contained topographical references that could not have been known to Macpherson.
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Enlightenment and Romance in James Macpherson's the Poems of Ossian: Myth, Genre and Cultural Change
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1929:"Waddell, Peter Hately". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–19.
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2229:[The Apotheosis of French Heroes who died for their country during the War of Freedom].
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have survived, though the Ossianic landscapes by George Augustus Wallis, which the Ossian fan
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572:(Adv. 72.2.3) came to light in the late 18th century, a compilation which contains the tale
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2170:, pp. 384–386 and throughout on the variety of titles by which the work has been known
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1402:, ed. Howard Gaskill, with an Introduction by Fiona Stafford (Edinburgh University Press).
1395:, a pocket reprint of the 1773 edition omitting the four last poems (London: Walter Scott)
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Much later, in the 19th and 20th centuries, this task was taken up by collectors such as
2183:[Ossian evokes ghosts to the sound of the harp on the banks of the Lora river].
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311:. "The genuine remains of Ossian ... are in many respects of the same stamp as the
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2642:, catalogue de l'exposition du Grand Palais, Paris, Réunion des musées nationaux, 1980.
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1791:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
1383:
Poems of Ossian: Literally translated from the Gaelic, in the original measure of verse
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2227:"L'Apothéose des Héros français morts pour la patrie pendant la guerre de la Liberté"
1792:
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962:
once common to the bards of both Ireland and Scotland. Buchanan, taking the poems of
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133:
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exhibited paintings, some of which were engraved and used in editions of the poems.
680:, the child's godfather and an admirer of Ossian. Bernadotte later was made King of
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Schmidt, Wolf Gerhard (31 December 2003). Gaskill, Howard; Gaskill, Howard (eds.).
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1580:, vol. 10 "The Age of Johnson": "The Literary Influence of the Middle Ages" p. 228.
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across Europe, and became one of the earliest and most popular texts that inspired
320:
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Complete Danish translations were made in 1790, and Swedish ones in 1794–1800. In
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made the first full translation in 1768–69, inspiring the proto-nationalist poets
264:
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Germany the request in 1804 to produce some drawings as illustrations so excited
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are written in a Scots Gaelic of a high quality that to some extent reflects the
516:
A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful
459:, "A Song to Dr Johnson"). Raonuill Dubh MacDhòmhnuill, the eldest son of Gaelic
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831:(with the famous, multimedial scene of "Ossian's Dream") was a sell-out at the
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named his only son Oscar after the character from Ossian, at the suggestion of
425:, English author, critic, and biographer, was convinced that Macpherson was "a
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1103:, written in 1789, refers to Ossian as an inspired, holy and poetical singer.
1018:, who commissioned the paintings in 1772. These were by the Scottish painter
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and a classical scene, to decorate the bedroom Napoleon was to occupy in the
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Ossian et les Barbus: primitivisme et retirement du monde sous le Directoire
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2181:"Ossian évoque les fantômes au son de la harpe sur les bords du fleuve Lora"
1776:
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from 1789, painted several scenes from Ossian, as did his pupils, including
791:
wrote "Homer and Ossian" in response, and several other Hungarian writers –
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483:
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In response, as his words were spoken during the 18th-century golden age of
276:
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111:
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praised in a letter to Goethe, seem to have been lost, as has a picture by
658:
Extract from a correspondence about Ossian and the Songs of Ancient Peoples
167:. Macpherson's fame was crowned by his burial among the literary giants in
2508:
2026:, Alexander Carmichael, printed by T. & A. Constable, Edinburgh, 1900.
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PhD, dir. S. Le Men, Université de Paris Ouest Nanterre la Défense, 2008.
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677:
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141:
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2454:(1976). "Gérard's Painting of "Ossian" as an Allegory of Inspired Art".
1890:
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17:
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243:
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Popular Tales of the West Highlands by J. F. Campbell Volume IV (1890)
2435:
2467:
1882:
1591:"Fragments of Ancient Poetry, Collected in the Highlands of Scotland"
1229:
1022:
but were lost when the house burnt down in 1899, though drawings and
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681:
630:
One poem was translated into French in 1762, and, by 1777, the whole
1688:
1675:
Carpenter, Frederick (1930–1931). "The Vogue of Ossian in America".
911:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
474:, included MacIntyre's satire in the Gaelic poetry anthology called
2419:
1352:
Below are some other online editions of interest and recent works:
1290:
Girodet's painting (still at Malmaison; 192.5 × 184 cm) was a
2374:
1359:
Fragments of Ancient Poetry collected in the Highlands of Scotland
1215:
1210:
1193:
1138:
1060:
741:
724:
547:
412:
394:
308:
247:
190:
38:
2265:
319:'s opinion. Many writers were influenced by the works, including
2999:
2678:
477:
354:
Despite its doubtful authenticity, the Ossian cycle popularized
256:
149:
2735:
1798:
1649:, published as prefatory matter in later editions of the poems.
543:
Dissertation on the origin and antiquities of the antient Scots
415:
culture during the period in which the poems are set, and some
2731:
1329:
Wilbur Woodward, Ossian. Salon de 1880. Photo: Jamie Mulherron
1186:"). The same year Napoleon was planning the renovation of the
1174:("the Bearded Ones") a group of primitivist artists including
876:
419:
literature common in both countries was composed in Scotland.
183:
impostor would have been nothing without his literary skill."
90:
72:
2582:
Beyond Fingal's cave : Ossian in the musical imagination
1821:
An Lasair: an anthology of 18th-century Scottish Gaelic verse
539:
Remarks on Mr. Mac Pherson's translation of Fingal and Temora
334:, comparing the two authors, of which the first verse reads:
1386:
by Peter McNaughton (Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons).
869:("Echoes of Ossian") written in 1840, to the same subject.
87:
2658:
Renoncer à l'art. Figures du romantisme et des années 1970
1716:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 172.
81:
69:
66:
2714:
The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides with Samuel Johnson
2366:
998:, but also found in Germany and the rest of Scandinavia.
2660:(Julie Ramos, ed.), Paris, Roven, 2014, pp. 85–105.
1066:
Fingal Sees the Ghosts of His Ancestors in the Moonlight
206:
In 1760, Macpherson published the English-language text
1855:
Dissertations on the ancient history of Ireland (1753)
900:
865:
devoted his first published work, the concert overture
271:; Macpherson and his supporters detected references to
223:, in 1765. The most famous of these Ossianic poems was
2009:
Oszkár, Elek (1933), "Ossian-kultusz Magyarországon",
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1869:
MacKinnon, Donald (1905), "The Glenmasan Manuscript",
1414:
Blind Ossian's Fingal : fragments and controversy
981:, and to be recorded and continued by the work of the
776:
in 1793. The complete translation appeared in 1838 by
323:, and painters and composers chose Ossianic subjects.
2716:, discussion in entries for 22 and 23 September 1773.
1630:
1628:
436:, Dr Johnson swiftly found himself reviled in Gaelic
110:) is the narrator and purported author of a cycle of
84:
2406:
Okun, Henry (1 January 1967). "Ossian in Painting".
851:
was inspired to visit the Hebrides and composed the
5033:
4925:
4672:
4494:
4439:
4408:
4332:
4281:
4230:
4189:
4098:
4042:
4006:
3960:
3951:
3796:
3740:
3689:
3648:
3607:
3561:
3503:
3373:
3252:
3174:
3093:
3084:
2970:
2838:
2769:
2720:
Calum Colvin: "Ossian: Fragments of Ancient Poetry"
2570:
The Genuine Remains of Ossian, Literally Translated
2402:(Studies in Early Modern English Literature) (2003)
1144:
Ossian Receiving the Ghosts of Fallen French Heroes
588:defended the authenticity of the poems, arguing in
537:, dismissed Ossian's authenticity in a new chapter
78:
63:
2694:Selected Bibliography: James Macpherson and Ossian
2330:
1209:(see literature), c. 1802, musée Auguste Grasset,
214:on the subject of the hero Fingal (with Fingal or
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
815:, and Ágost Greguss, were also influenced by it.
564:Faced with the controversy, the Committee of the
347:Only the tips of towers stand out from the water,
2547:Macpherson's Ossian and the Ossianic Controversy
1971:
1241:Ossian receiving the Ghosts of the French Heroes
259:, illuminated by a decrepit sun or by ephemeral
2640:Hier pour demain, Arts, Tradition et Patrimoine
2408:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
1797:Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879).
1775:Introduction of Robert Fagles' translations of
1034:exhibition of 1773, and Ossian was depicted in
336:
2362:Ossian, the European National Epic (1760-1810)
1647:"A Dissertation concerning the Aera of Ossian"
1500:The Oxford Handbook of Modern Scottish History
1460:Manuscripts of Dvůr Králové and of Zelená Hora
1392:Poems of Ossian translated by James Macpherson
765:, based on text by Ossian, in London in 1792.
495:A Critical Dissertation on the Poems of Ossian
2747:
1908:, Florida Bibliophile Society, archived from
1245:Ossian Evoking ghosts on the Edge of the Lora
400:Ossian Evoking ghosts on the Edge of the Lora
179:, observes that "all Macpherson's craft as a
8:
1713:Thomas Jefferson's Literary Commonplace Book
1547:
1545:
440:by, among many others, James MacIntyre, the
299:was known to have written parodies of them.
2414:(1). University of Chicago Press: 327–356.
1941:The Gaelic Sources of Macpherson's 'Ossian'
1578:The Cambridge History of English Literature
1502:. Oxford University Press. pp. 67–70.
279:(d. 293, as "Caros", the "king of ships").
128:(1763), and later combined under the title
3957:
3090:
2754:
2740:
2732:
2612:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2559:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
692:, who was, in turn, succeeded by his sons
287:The poems achieved international success.
2629:La Légende d'Ossian illustrée par Girodet
2268:. Edinburgh: National Library of Scotland
2233:(in French). 7 March 2004. Archived from
2187:(in French). 7 March 2004. Archived from
1763:
927:Learn how and when to remove this message
148:(anglicised to Finn McCool), a legendary
27:Purported author of a cycle of epic poems
1823:. Edinburgh, 2001. pp. 292-299, 495-499.
1525:"Finn McCool & the Giant's Causeway"
1498:. In T. M. Devine, Jenny Wormald (ed.).
1324:
847:setting many of Ossian's poems. In 1829
2083:
1476:
1337:exhibited an Ossian at the 1880 Salon.
1255:has another (180.5 × 198.5 cm). A
985:and the Scottish Gaelic Texts Society.
595:In 1952, the Scottish literary scholar
177:Cambridge History of English Literature
132:. Macpherson claimed to have collected
2605:
2552:
2201:
1987:; Continuum Publishing, 2011, pp92-97.
576:. This text is a version of the Irish
5101:Romanticism and the French Revolution
2167:
2143:
1400:The Poems of Ossian and Related Works
622:(1763) was largely his own creation.
7:
2385:, Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing,
2213:
2155:
2131:
2119:
2107:
2095:
2071:
2059:
2047:
1996:
1959:
1634:
1333:The American painter based in Paris
1270:Duqueylar, Girodet and Gérard, like
787:as in France and Germany; Hungarian
339:Oh where are you Hellenes and Celts?
238:), his dead son Oscar (also with an
2728:in art in French public collections
1745:Thoreau: Collected Essays and Poems
1377:(London: Lackington, Allen and co.)
1303:Malvina dying in the arms of Fingal
718:, who was Cesarotti's pupil in the
509:", and it echoed the popularity of
349:Two tips of towers: Homer, Ossian.
2373:, 2015, retrieved: March 8, 2021 (
1747:. The Library of America. p. 141.
1619:Behind the Name: View Name: Fingal
1367:The Poems of Ossian in two volumes
772:translation of Ossian was made by
227:, written in 1761 and dated 1762.
25:
5240:Nonexistent people used in hoaxes
2311:The reception of Ossian in Europe
2231:musees-nationaux-napoleoniens.org
2185:musees-nationaux-napoleoniens.org
1661:The reception of Ossian in Europe
1267:to Napoleon's copy of the poems.
366:The cycle had less impact in the
5154:
5153:
2710:A Vision of Britain Through Time
2292:Berresford Ellis, Peter (1987),
1836:(London: Harper Collins, 2003),
1710:Wilson, Douglas L., ed. (1989).
1002:Britain, Germany and Scandinavia
881:
660:(1773) in the early days of the
634:. In the German-speaking states
464:Alasdair Mac Mhaighstir Alasdair
59:
2726:"Le mythe d'Ossian" (in French)
2503:] (in German). De Gruyter.
2294:A Dictionary of Irish Mythology
2204:, pp. 184–190, 187 quoted.
1523:Rainbolt, Dawn (8 March 2017).
688:. In 1844, his son became King
341:Already you have vanished, like
114:published by the Scottish poet
2036:Tales from Highland Perthshire
1:
5124:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
2700:Literary Encyclopedia: Ossian
2383:Fakers, Forgers & Phoneys
2371:Institute of European History
2367:EGO - European History Online
2355:– via Internet Archive.
2011:Egyetemes Philologiai Közlöny
1310:Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
736:Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
295:were prominent admirers, and
5205:Works set in the 3rd century
2688:The Poetical Works of Ossian
2683:National Library of Scotland
2255:Salon 1880, no. 3921, p. 386
1346:National Library of Scotland
1305:(c. 1802), and other works.
1249:François Pascal Simon Gérard
1038:, part of the Irish painter
943:made a strong impression on
690:Oscar I of Sweden and Norway
649:The Sorrows of Young Werther
626:Translations and adaptations
404:François Pascal Simon Gérard
326:The Hungarian national poet
2568:MacGregor, Patrick (1841),
1369:, an illustrated edition -
1362:, Edinburgh second edition.
968:Sir James Clerk of Penicuik
907:the claims made and adding
652:(1774). Goethe's associate
275:(d. 217, as "Caracul") and
5266:
5230:Scottish Gaelic literature
5041:Coleridge's theory of life
2574:Highland Society of London
2381:Magnusson, Magnus (2006),
2337:. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
1819:Black, Ronald I.M. (ed.).
983:School of Scottish Studies
979:Lady Evelyn Stewart Murray
535:Gaelic nobility of Ireland
434:Scottish Gaelic literature
345:In the waters of the deep.
31:
5245:Controversies in Scotland
5133:
5096:Romanticism and economics
3111:Manuel Antônio de Almeida
2545:Black, George F. (1926),
1494:; Coleman, James (2012).
482:, which was published at
2876:German historical school
2690:Full text at Ex-Classics
2313:London: Continuum, 2004
1939:Thomson, Derick (1952),
1905:Lord Auchinleck's Fingal
1434:Ossian's Hall of Mirrors
1335:Wilbur Winfield Woodward
1308:Another pupil of David,
1274:(above) and most of the
749:, ink and watercolours,
674:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
610:According to historians
3523:Józef Ignacy Kraszewski
2309:Gaskill, Howard. (ed.)
1806:The American Cyclopædia
1557:Encyclopedia Britannica
1239:'s painting of 1801–02
1086:August Wilhelm Schlegel
843:in particular composed
654:Johann Gottfried Herder
505:and the theory of the "
457:Òran don Ollamh MacIain
283:Reception and influence
34:Ossian (disambiguation)
5106:Romanticism in science
5061:Middle Ages in history
5056:List of Romantic poets
3768:Josiah Gilbert Holland
2667:, Paris, Rieder, 1917.
2636:Ossian et l'ossianisme
2580:Porter, James (2019).
2456:Studies in Romanticism
2359:Kristmannsson, Gauti,
1743:Thoreau, Henry David.
1330:
1232:
1213:
1151:
1073:
951:poet whose celebrated
829:Jean-François Le Sueur
754:
739:
656:wrote an essay titled
561:
533:, a descendant of the
456:
407:
352:
330:wrote a poem entitled
203:
51:
5250:Epic poems in English
5076:Romantic epistemology
5066:Opium and Romanticism
3635:Stojadinović-Srpkinja
2861:Counter-Enlightenment
2677:Digitised version of
2509:10.1515/9783110926569
2462:(3). JSTOR: 383–394.
1972:Berresford Ellis 1987
1857:(Copy at Ex-Classics)
1596:Literary Encyclopedia
1328:
1278:, were all pupils of
1219:
1197:
1142:
1064:
1048:Royal Society of Arts
867:Efterklange af Ossian
824:Ossian, ou Les bardes
745:
728:
551:
398:
242:), and Oscar's lover
194:
42:
5140:Age of Enlightenment
2782:England (literature)
2681:, published 1760 at
2663:Van Thieghem, Paul,
1999:, pp. 330, 339.
1985:Thor, myth to marvel
1421:Ossian: Warrior Poet
1407:Ossian and Ossianism
1261:Jean-Baptiste Isabey
1203:The Death of Malvina
1188:Château de Malmaison
1176:Pierre-Maurice Quays
1116:Asmus Jacob Carstens
975:Alexander Carmichael
761:premiered her opera
590:Ossian and the Clyde
586:Peter Hately Waddell
578:Longes mac n-Uislenn
570:Glenmasan manuscript
360:romantic nationalism
32:For other uses, see
5200:18th-century hoaxes
5185:Scottish literature
5091:Romantic psychology
2886:Hudson River School
2830:Sweden (literature)
2815:Russia (literature)
2645:Hanselaar, Saskia,
2237:on 5 September 2008
2216:, pp. 349–351.
2158:, pp. 347–348.
2134:, pp. 346–347.
2122:, pp. 335–346.
2110:, pp. 338–345.
2098:, pp. 339–341.
2074:, pp. 336–338.
2062:, pp. 334–335.
2050:, pp. 331–334.
1834:Crowded with Genius
1677:American Literature
1496:"Mythical Scotland"
1455:Vestiarium Scoticum
1315:The Dream of Ossian
1272:Johann Peter Krafft
1106:The Danish painter
1092:exhibited in 1802.
778:Seweryn Goszczyński
747:The Songs of Ossian
731:The Dream of Ossian
720:University of Padua
704:Melchiore Cesarotti
614:and James Coleman,
391:Authenticity debate
343:Two cities drowning
221:The Works of Ossian
219:collected edition,
200:Johann Peter Krafft
130:The Poems of Ossian
5210:Literary forgeries
3076:White Mountain art
3017:Historical fiction
2825:Spain (literature)
2652:Soubigou, Gilles,
2452:Rubin, James Henry
1529:Wilderness Ireland
1331:
1293:succès de scandale
1253:Kunsthalle Hamburg
1233:
1214:
1152:
1148:Anne-Louis Girodet
1125:Philipp Otto Runge
1112:Copenhagen Academy
1110:, director of the
1108:Nicolai Abildgaard
1076:Works on paper by
1074:
1070:Nicolai Abildgaard
1020:Alexander Runciman
892:possibly contains
768:The first partial
759:Harriet Wainwright
755:
740:
574:Oided mac n-Uisnig
562:
408:
236:Fionn mac Cumhaill
204:
196:Ossian and Malvina
146:Fionn mac Cumhaill
52:
48:Nicolai Abildgaard
5225:Forged epic poems
5195:1765 poetry books
5190:1760 poetry books
5167:
5166:
5081:Romantic medicine
5051:List of romantics
4490:
4489:
4141:Felix Mendelssohn
4136:Fanny Mendelssohn
3947:
3946:
3661:Rosalía de Castro
3599:Soares dos Passos
2947:Transcendentalism
2911:Nazarene movement
2871:Düsseldorf School
2591:978-1-78744-462-1
2518:978-3-11-017924-8
1871:The Celtic Review
1509:978-0-19-956369-2
1320:Palazzo Quirinale
1120:Joseph Anton Koch
1054:in London (still
1052:Adelphi Buildings
1030:was shown in the
1028:Angelica Kauffman
960:literary language
937:
936:
929:
894:original research
854:Hebrides Overture
849:Felix Mendelssohn
757:British composer
552:Ossian's Cave at
503:Romantic movement
447:of Glen Noe near
240:Irish counterpart
169:Westminster Abbey
161:Romantic movement
16:(Redirected from
5257:
5235:Celtic mythology
5157:
5156:
5116:Evolution theory
3958:
3091:
2952:Ukrainian school
2756:
2749:
2742:
2733:
2665:Ossian en France
2617:
2611:
2603:
2576:
2564:
2558:
2550:
2530:
2487:
2468:10.2307/25600033
2447:
2395:
2356:
2336:
2306:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2024:Carmina Gadelica
2021:
2015:
2014:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1944:
1943:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1883:10.2307/30069764
1866:
1860:
1851:
1845:
1830:
1824:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1802:
1789:
1783:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1671:
1665:
1658:Howard Gaskill,
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1623:
1622:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1587:
1581:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1488:
1449:Ossianic Society
1228:painting, 1801,
1082:John Sell Cotman
957:Classical Gaelic
932:
925:
921:
918:
912:
909:inline citations
885:
884:
877:
857:, also known as
801:Sándor Kisfaludy
566:Highland Society
489:Scottish author
438:satirical poetry
356:Celtic mythology
332:Homer and Ossian
307:writers such as
301:Thomas Jefferson
118:, originally as
116:James Macpherson
97:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
80:
75:
74:
71:
68:
65:
21:
5265:
5264:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5255:
5254:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5162:
5151:
5143:
5129:
5086:Romantic poetry
5071:Romantic ballet
5046:German idealism
5029:
4995:Lacoue-Labarthe
4921:
4668:
4486:
4435:
4404:
4385:Rimsky-Korsakov
4328:
4277:
4226:
4185:
4094:
4038:
4002:
3943:
3792:
3736:
3685:
3644:
3603:
3557:
3499:
3440:Maria Edgeworth
3376:
3369:
3248:
3170:
3080:
3059:Romantic genius
2989:Gesamtkunstwerk
2966:
2927:Sturm und Drang
2834:
2765:
2760:
2712:James Boswell,
2674:
2634:Gluck, Denise,
2604:
2592:
2579:
2567:
2551:
2544:
2541:
2539:Further reading
2536:
2519:
2494:
2450:
2405:
2398:Moore, Dafydd.
2393:
2380:
2345:
2325:
2304:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2281:
2271:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2240:
2238:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2212:
2208:
2200:
2196:
2191:on 5 July 2007.
2179:
2178:
2174:
2166:
2162:
2154:
2150:
2142:
2138:
2130:
2126:
2118:
2114:
2106:
2102:
2094:
2090:
2082:
2078:
2070:
2066:
2058:
2054:
2046:
2042:
2034:
2030:
2022:
2018:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1995:
1991:
1982:
1978:
1970:
1966:
1958:
1947:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1915:
1913:
1912:on 26 July 2011
1902:
1901:
1897:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1852:
1848:
1831:
1827:
1818:
1814:
1796:
1790:
1786:
1774:
1770:
1762:
1758:
1742:
1738:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1689:10.2307/2920160
1674:
1672:
1668:
1657:
1653:
1645:
1641:
1633:
1626:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1602:
1600:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1575:
1571:
1561:
1559:
1551:
1550:
1543:
1533:
1531:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1510:
1490:
1489:
1478:
1473:
1430:
1343:
1299:Peace of Amiens
1168:Aix-en-Provence
1137:
1094:Henry Singleton
1090:J. M. W. Turner
1046:decorating the
1016:Sir James Clerk
1004:
991:
953:Spiritual Hymns
945:Dugald Buchanan
933:
922:
916:
913:
898:
886:
882:
875:
774:Ignacy Krasicki
662:Sturm und Drang
628:
531:Charles O'Conor
453:Scottish Gaelic
393:
380:Irish mythology
351:
348:
346:
344:
342:
340:
285:
189:
154:Irish mythology
138:Scottish Gaelic
104:Scottish Gaelic
77:
62:
58:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5263:
5261:
5253:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5215:Pseudepigraphy
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5172:
5171:
5165:
5164:
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5113:
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5083:
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5073:
5068:
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5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5037:
5035:
5034:Related topics
5031:
5030:
5028:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
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4982:
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4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4762:Gallen-Kallela
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4737:David d'Angers
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4678:
4676:
4674:Visual artists
4670:
4669:
4667:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4634:Schleiermacher
4631:
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3899:Oehlenschläger
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3569:Castelo Branco
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3332:
3327:
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3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3295:Brothers Grimm
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
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3128:
3123:
3118:
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3103:
3097:
3095:
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3046:
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3036:
3031:
3026:
3019:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3007:
2997:
2995:Gothic fiction
2992:
2985:
2983:British Marine
2980:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
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2937:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2881:Gothic revival
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2833:
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2744:
2736:
2730:
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2723:
2717:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2691:
2685:
2673:
2672:External links
2670:
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2668:
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2643:
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2619:
2618:
2590:
2577:
2565:
2540:
2537:
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2534:
2531:
2517:
2492:
2491:p. 87–96.
2488:
2448:
2420:10.2307/750749
2403:
2396:
2391:
2378:
2357:
2343:
2333:Neo-classicism
2323:
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2279:
2257:
2248:
2218:
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2194:
2172:
2160:
2148:
2146:, p. 383.
2136:
2124:
2112:
2100:
2088:
2086:, p. 976.
2076:
2064:
2052:
2040:
2028:
2016:
2001:
1989:
1976:
1964:
1962:, p. 330.
1945:
1931:
1922:
1895:
1861:
1846:
1825:
1812:
1800:"Ossian"
1784:
1768:
1764:Magnusson 2006
1756:
1736:
1722:
1702:
1666:
1651:
1639:
1637:, p. 328.
1624:
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1339:
1263:was placed as
1160:Paul Duqueylar
1136:
1133:
1099:A fragment by
1008:Penicuik House
1003:
1000:
990:
987:
935:
934:
889:
887:
880:
874:
873:Gaelic studies
871:
841:Franz Schubert
837:Romantic music
627:
624:
597:Derick Thomson
442:Clan MacIntyre
423:Samuel Johnson
392:
389:
372:Samuel Johnson
337:
284:
281:
188:
185:
165:Gaelic revival
44:Ossian Singing
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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4047:
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4041:
4035:
4032:
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4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4005:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
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3979:
3976:
3974:
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3900:
3897:
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3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3854:Nikolai Gogol
3852:
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3654:
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3651:
3647:
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3514:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3485:P. B. Shelley
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3465:Mary Robinson
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
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3438:
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3433:
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3423:
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3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
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3383:
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3338:
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3333:
3331:
3328:
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3321:
3318:
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3313:
3311:
3308:
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3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3194:Chateaubriand
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3089:
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3083:
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3062:
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3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3023:Mal du siècle
3020:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2990:
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2597:
2593:
2587:
2584:. Rochester.
2583:
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2548:
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2542:
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2397:
2394:
2392:1-84596-190-0
2388:
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2364:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2344:0-14-020978-6
2340:
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2334:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2319:0-8264-6135-2
2316:
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2308:
2305:
2303:0-09-467540-6
2299:
2296:, Constable,
2295:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2267:
2261:
2258:
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2249:
2236:
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2137:
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2097:
2092:
2089:
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2077:
2073:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2017:
2013:(LVII): 66–76
2012:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1974:, p. 159
1973:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1911:
1907:
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1865:
1862:
1859:
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1850:
1847:
1843:
1842:0-06-055888-1
1839:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1801:
1794:
1793:public domain
1788:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1766:, p. 340
1765:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1753:1-883011-95-7
1750:
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1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1134:
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1130:
1126:
1121:
1118:. His friend
1117:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1078:Thomas Girtin
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1032:Royal Academy
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
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988:
986:
984:
980:
976:
971:
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965:
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947:(1716–68), a
946:
942:
939:Macpherson's
931:
928:
920:
910:
906:
902:
896:
895:
890:This section
888:
879:
878:
872:
870:
868:
864:
861:. His friend
860:
859:Fingal's Cave
856:
855:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
825:
820:
816:
814:
810:
806:
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779:
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766:
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733:
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687:
683:
679:
675:
670:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
650:
645:
641:
637:
636:Michael Denis
633:
625:
623:
621:
617:
613:
608:
606:
602:
598:
593:
591:
587:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
559:
555:
554:The Hermitage
550:
546:
544:
540:
536:
532:
529:
525:
520:
518:
517:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
487:
485:
481:
479:
473:
469:
465:
462:
461:national poet
458:
454:
450:
446:
443:
439:
435:
430:
428:
424:
420:
418:
414:
405:
401:
397:
390:
388:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
368:British Isles
364:
361:
357:
350:
335:
333:
329:
328:Sándor Petőfi
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
282:
280:
278:
274:
270:
269:Roman Emperor
266:
262:
258:
252:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
228:
226:
222:
217:
213:
209:
201:
197:
193:
186:
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
134:word-of-mouth
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
95:
56:
49:
45:
41:
35:
30:
19:
5152:
5145:
5138:
5122:
4842:Porto-Alegre
4496:Philosophers
4380:Rachmaninoff
3829:Chavchavadze
3819:Baratashvili
3579:João de Deus
3548:Wincenty Pol
3340:Küchelbecker
3068:
3043:
3034:Noble savage
3021:
2987:
2962:Wallenrodism
2939:
2925:
2856:Coppet group
2790:(literature)
2713:
2664:
2657:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2635:
2628:
2581:
2569:
2546:
2500:
2496:
2459:
2455:
2411:
2407:
2399:
2382:
2361:
2332:
2327:Honour, Hugh
2310:
2293:
2270:. Retrieved
2260:
2251:
2239:. Retrieved
2235:the original
2230:
2221:
2209:
2197:
2189:the original
2184:
2175:
2163:
2151:
2139:
2127:
2115:
2103:
2091:
2084:Schmidt 2003
2079:
2067:
2055:
2043:
2035:
2031:
2023:
2019:
2010:
2004:
1992:
1984:
1979:
1967:
1940:
1934:
1925:
1914:, retrieved
1910:the original
1904:
1898:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1854:
1853:O'Conor, C.
1849:
1833:
1828:
1820:
1815:
1804:
1787:
1771:
1759:
1744:
1739:
1727:. Retrieved
1712:
1705:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1659:
1654:
1642:
1618:
1612:
1601:, retrieved
1594:
1585:
1577:
1572:
1560:. Retrieved
1556:
1532:. Retrieved
1528:
1518:
1499:
1465:Lord Dunsany
1439:Folk process
1420:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1391:
1382:
1366:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1332:
1313:
1307:
1302:
1291:
1289:
1284:Neoclassical
1275:
1269:
1265:frontispiece
1244:
1240:
1234:
1225:
1207:Ary Scheffer
1202:
1198:
1183:
1179:
1171:
1164:Musée Granet
1153:
1143:
1129:John Flaxman
1105:
1098:
1075:
1065:
1055:
1043:
1035:
1005:
992:
972:
963:
952:
940:
938:
923:
914:
891:
866:
858:
852:
822:
817:
813:Ferenc Toldy
793:Baróti Szabó
782:
767:
762:
756:
746:
729:
702:
666:
657:
647:
631:
629:
619:
615:
609:
594:
589:
582:
577:
573:
563:
542:
538:
521:
514:
507:noble savage
498:
494:
488:
475:
470:tacksman of
449:Ben Cruachan
431:
421:
409:
399:
376:Fenian Cycle
365:
353:
338:
331:
325:
321:Walter Scott
312:
286:
253:
229:
224:
220:
215:
207:
205:
195:
181:philological
176:
158:
136:material in
129:
123:
119:
107:
100:Irish Gaelic
54:
53:
43:
29:
4832:Michałowski
4664:Wackenroder
4629:F. Schlegel
4624:A. Schlegel
4400:Tchaikovsky
4289:Bortkiewicz
4161:R. Schumann
4156:C. Schumann
4121:Kalkbrenner
4090:Saint-Saëns
3395:Anne Brontë
3280:Eichendorff
3265:B. v. Arnim
3260:A. v. Arnim
3070:Weltschmerz
3029:Medievalism
2978:Blue flower
2906:Nationalist
2851:Bohemianism
2763:Romanticism
2627:Collectif,
2202:Honour 1968
1877:(6): 3–17,
1832:J. Buchan,
1781:The Odyssey
1603:27 December
1492:Kidd, Colin
1444:Romanticism
1257:watercolour
1247:(1801), by
1235:These were
1158:in 1800 by
1156:Paris Salon
1044:magnum opus
1040:James Barry
1014:, built by
833:Paris Opera
789:János Arany
716:Ugo Foscolo
669:Scandinavia
524:antiquarian
122:(1761) and
5174:Categories
4707:Chassériau
4682:Aivazovsky
4390:Rubinstein
4375:Mussorgsky
4324:Wieniawski
4309:Paderewski
4151:Moszkowski
3934:Vörösmarty
3924:Shevchenko
3778:Longfellow
3702:Batyushkov
3697:Baratynsky
3666:Espronceda
3533:Mickiewicz
3528:Malczewski
3495:Wordsworth
3480:M. Shelley
3435:de Quincey
3300:Günderrode
3184:Baudelaire
3064:Wanderlust
2901:Lake Poets
2600:1104139334
2549:, New York
2285:References
2241:4 February
2168:Rubin 1976
2144:Rubin 1976
1983:Arnold M.
1723:0691047200
1683:: 405–17.
1673:Quoted in
1562:19 January
1534:7 February
1172:Les Barbus
1170:) excited
1012:Midlothian
996:Danish art
949:Perthshire
901:improve it
863:Niels Gade
694:Charles XV
664:movement.
612:Colin Kidd
605:mythopoeia
560:, Scotland
491:Hugh Blair
480:Collection
468:Clanranald
427:mountebank
384:David Hume
216:Fionnghall
112:epic poems
5147:Modernism
4807:Kiprensky
4767:Géricault
4752:Friedrich
4742:Delacroix
4717:Constable
4697:Bonington
4687:Bierstadt
4639:Senancour
4614:Schelling
4569:Lamennais
4564:Khomyakov
4529:Coleridge
4524:Chaadayev
4431:Stanković
4426:Mokranjac
4345:Balakirev
4304:Moniuszko
4253:Donizetti
4248:Cherubini
4146:Meyerbeer
4131:Marschner
4106:Beethoven
4019:Moscheles
3953:Musicians
3939:Wergeland
3904:Orbeliani
3859:Grundtvig
3763:Hawthorne
3732:Zhukovsky
3727:Vyazemsky
3712:Lermontov
3671:Gutiérrez
3630:Radičević
3594:Herculano
3518:Krasiński
3460:Radcliffe
3430:Coleridge
3405:E. Brontë
3400:C. Brontë
3330:Jean Paul
3325:Hölderlin
3214:Lamartine
3151:Magalhães
3141:Guimarães
3049:Pantheism
3039:Nostalgia
2891:Indianism
2839:Movements
2770:Countries
2622:in French
2608:cite book
2527:979594707
2476:0039-3762
2444:195003210
2428:0075-4390
2369:, Mainz:
2353:647678269
2214:Okun 1967
2156:Okun 1967
2132:Okun 1967
2120:Okun 1967
2108:Okun 1967
2096:Okun 1967
2072:Okun 1967
2060:Okun 1967
2048:Okun 1967
1997:Okun 1967
1960:Okun 1967
1844:, p. 163.
1777:The Iliad
1635:Okun 1967
1451:(Ireland)
1220:Study by
1184:primitive
1050:, at the
917:June 2017
905:verifying
753:, 1811–13
640:Klopstock
528:Celticist
522:In 1766,
486:in 1776.
484:Edinburgh
305:Classical
277:Carausius
273:Caracalla
265:Dál Riata
175:, in the
173:W. P. Ker
144:, son of
5220:Fakelore
5159:Category
4975:Dahlhaus
4960:Blanning
4927:Scholars
4897:Tropinin
4892:Tidemand
4882:Stattler
4877:Scheffer
4777:Głowacki
4747:Edelfelt
4702:Bryullov
4644:Snellman
4619:Schiller
4609:Rousseau
4589:Michelet
4534:Constant
4504:Belinsky
4477:Sibelius
4421:Konjović
4395:Scriabin
4365:Lyapunov
4299:Lipiński
4268:Spontini
4258:Paganini
4202:Goldmark
3993:Thalberg
3988:Schubert
3968:Bruckner
3929:Topelius
3919:Runeberg
3909:Prešeren
3879:Leopardi
3844:Frashëri
3834:Eminescu
3814:Andersen
3722:Tyutchev
3707:Karamzin
3681:Zorrilla
3676:Saavedra
3574:Castilho
3562:Portugal
3553:Słowacki
3455:Polidori
3385:Barbauld
3320:Hoffmann
3275:Brentano
3189:Bertrand
3010:Romantic
2846:Ancients
2820:Scotland
2555:citation
2484:25600033
2329:(1968).
2272:23 March
1891:30069764
1553:"Ossian"
1428:See also
1341:Editions
1259:copy by
1224:for his
1180:primitif
1024:etchings
805:Kazinczy
797:Csokonai
698:Oscar II
678:Napoleon
519:(1757).
513:seminal
493:'s 1763
445:Tacksman
297:Voltaire
289:Napoleon
163:and the
18:Ossianic
5000:Lovejoy
4935:Abraham
4857:Richard
4847:Préault
4772:Girodet
4654:Thoreau
4599:Novalis
4584:Mazzini
4579:Maistre
4554:Hazlitt
4539:Emerson
4519:Carlyle
4509:Berchet
4452:Berwald
4447:Bennett
4416:Hristić
4370:Medtner
4350:Borodin
4340:Arensky
4263:Rossini
4238:Bellini
4217:Joachim
4190:Hungary
4171:Strauss
4099:Germany
4065:Berlioz
4034:Voříšek
4029:Smetana
4007:Czechia
3961:Austria
3894:Maturin
3889:Manzoni
3864:Heliade
3839:Foscolo
3809:Alfieri
3804:Abovian
3758:Emerson
3717:Pushkin
3656:Bécquer
3589:Garrett
3543:Potocki
3490:Southey
3450:Maturin
3420:Carlyle
3377:Britain
3350:Novalis
3305:Gutzkow
3253:Germany
3219:Mérimée
3204:Gautier
3131:Barreto
3126:Azevedo
3106:Alencar
3086:Writers
3005:Byronic
2941:Purismo
2795:Germany
2777:Denmark
2638:, dans
1916:9 April
1795::
1729:8 April
1697:2920160
1389:1888:
1237:Girodet
1222:Girodet
1199:Malvina
1101:Novalis
1056:in situ
1036:Elysium
899:Please
809:Kölcsey
785:Hungary
601:ballads
558:Dunkeld
511:Burke's
317:Thoreau
315:", was
293:Diderot
261:meteors
244:Malvina
202:, 1810.
5180:Ossian
5025:Wellek
5005:de Man
4990:Janion
4980:Ferber
4955:Berlin
4950:Beiser
4945:Barzun
4940:Abrams
4917:Wiertz
4902:Turner
4852:Révoil
4837:Palmer
4827:Martin
4822:Leutze
4797:Janmot
4757:Fuseli
4712:Church
4604:Quinet
4594:Müller
4549:Goethe
4544:Fichte
4467:Franck
4409:Serbia
4360:Glinka
4333:Russia
4319:Tausig
4314:Stolpe
4294:Chopin
4282:Poland
4243:Busoni
4207:Heller
4176:Wagner
4111:Brahms
4085:Onslow
4075:Halévy
4043:France
4024:Reicha
4014:Dvořák
3983:Mahler
3978:Hummel
3973:Czerny
3869:Isaacs
3849:Geijer
3783:Lowell
3773:Irving
3753:Cooper
3748:Bryant
3690:Russia
3625:Njegoš
3620:Kostić
3615:Jakšić
3608:Serbia
3538:Norwid
3513:Fredro
3505:Poland
3475:Seward
3365:Uhland
3355:Schwab
3345:Mörike
3335:Kleist
3290:Goethe
3285:Fouqué
3234:Nodier
3229:Nerval
3224:Musset
3176:France
3166:Varela
3161:Taunay
3146:Macedo
3094:Brazil
3044:Ossian
2971:Themes
2810:Poland
2805:Norway
2787:France
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1230:Louvre
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1150:, 1805
1135:France
1072:, 1778
989:In art
964:Ossian
941:Ossian
845:Lieder
839:, and
821:opera
770:Polish
763:Comala
751:Ingres
738:, 1813
712:Warsaw
708:Vienna
686:Norway
682:Sweden
644:Goethe
632:corpus
620:Temora
616:Fingal
499:Ossian
451:, in (
417:Fenian
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246:(like
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3649:Spain
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1471:Notes
1371:Vol.I
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1205:, by
1162:(now
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248:Fiona
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2614:link
2596:OCLC
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