104:
122:
423:
were large and shark-like. The teeth probably had their own roles, like locking prey into place. Conodonts themselves are an unusual grouping, as for more than a hundred years we only knew of them by their
1122:
Aldridge, Richard J.; Murdock, Duncan J. E.; Gabbott, Sarah E.; Theron, Johannes N. (2013). "A 17-element conodont apparatus from the Soom Shale
Lagerstätte (Upper Ordovician), South Africa".
334:
had a more thick body compared to the more slender bodies of more advanced conodonts. It also revealed that this conodont was a macrophagous predator, meaning it went after large prey.
1344:
353:. At the time of its discovery this specimen was the one of only two known conodont body fossils, the other one being a body fossil possibly belonging to
1227:
Sweet WC. 1998. The
Conodonta : Morphology, Taxonomy, Paleoecology, and Evolutionary History of a Long-Extinct Animal Phylum. New York: Clarendon Press
1331:
345:
was first described in 1959 on the basis of its tooth structures known as conodont elements. In 1985 a poorly preserved body fossil of the species
1403:
1149:
Gabbott, S.E.; R. J. Aldridge; J. N. Theron (1995). "A giant conodont with preserved muscle tissue from the Upper
Ordovician of South Africa".
103:
1408:
1249:
1413:
1210:
458:
today. These creatures have been classified under a large amount of animals, however now they are recognized as
1398:
392:
had a thicker body then most other conodonts, and had more primitive shark-like teeth. These features suggest
976:
1286:
1079:
Donoghue, P. C. J.; Forey, P. L.; Aldridge, R. J. (May 2000). "Conodont affinity and chordate phylogeny".
967:
1370:
557:
1318:
1158:
1023:
200:
384:
in the 1990s, but only 11 total are so far known. The
Waukesha fossil was known to have belonged to
187:
415:. This conodont was relatively primitive; unlike later conodonts whose teeth formed into a complex
1266:
1241:
1174:
1104:
993:
369:
138:
618:
1375:
754:
1357:
1349:
1096:
972:
from the
Waukesha Lagerstätte of Wisconsin, USA: a primitive macrophagous vertebrate predator"
1362:
1258:
1166:
1131:
1088:
1058:
1031:
985:
425:
1162:
1027:
1192:
1092:
1062:
670:
327:
1392:
1135:
1049:
Briggs, D. E. G.; Clarkson, E. N. K.; Aldridge, R. J. (1983). "The conodont animal".
1012:
997:
797:
489:
360:
61:
1270:
1108:
1178:
779:
504:
381:
355:
227:
1013:"A new exceptionally preserved biota from the Lower Silurian of Wisconsin, U.S.A."
1309:
571:
36:
720:
586:
532:
451:
400:
from the
Ordovician-Silurian (due to the fact that many of them had no jaws).
397:
377:
374:
367:. More body fossils have since been found, like a large fossil of the species
315:
303:
81:
46:
411:
is a conodont of the family
Panderodontidae, with Its closest relative being
931:
702:
517:
350:
349:
was discovered in the
Waukesha biota, a fossil site located in southeastern
86:
1100:
1035:
388:, but wasn't fully analyzed until 2021. This fossil revealed that at least
1262:
1303:
907:
476:
443:
364:
319:
311:
174:
161:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
1336:
459:
437:
433:
429:
307:
121:
91:
66:
989:
1170:
911:
469:
relative to other conodonts with complete apparatus reconstructions:
149:
1280:
903:
416:
314:. This genus had a long temporal range, surviving from the middle
906:. This makes these conodonts some of the earliest known venomous
1323:
1242:"The Earliest Known Venomous Animals Recognized Among Conodonts"
1284:
455:
1016:
1011:
Mikulic, D.G.; Briggs, D.E.G.; Kluessendorf, J. (1985).
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
450:
were typically small to medium sized, elongate, marine
1293:
902:exhibited body parts that would mean they would be
966:Murdock, Duncan J. E.; Smith, M. Paul (2021).
396:was a macrophagous hunter, something rare in
8:
16:A venomous Conodont from the Early Paleozoic
1281:
322:. In 2021, extremely rare body fossils of
120:
102:
20:
898:Another study found that some species of
428:. Conodonts are classed in the grouping
923:
1235:
1233:
330:were described, and it revealed that
7:
1074:
1072:
770:
745:
693:
686:
661:
609:
602:
577:
548:
523:
482:
472:
1093:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1999.tb00045.x
1063:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1983.tb01993.x
14:
133:, based on the Waukesha specimen
1136:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01194.x
129:Life restoration of the species
32:Middle Ordovician–Late Devonian
1:
1404:Fossil taxa described in 1959
1250:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
465:The phylogenetic position of
359:which was found in 1983 from
432:alongside jawless fish like
1240:Szaniawski, Hubert (2009).
1430:
793:
775:
768:
750:
743:
716:
698:
691:
684:
666:
659:
632:
614:
607:
600:
582:
575:
553:
546:
528:
521:
502:
487:
480:
258:Panderodus greenlandensis
247:
242:
233:
226:
139:Scientific classification
137:
128:
119:
110:
101:
23:
115:from the Waukesha biota
977:Papers in Palaeontology
310:belonging to the order
252:Panderodus denticulatus
236:Panderodus denticulatus
1036:10.1098/rstb.1985.0140
347:Panderodus unicostatus
288:Panderodus unicostatus
264:Panderodus rhamphoides
131:Panderodus unicostatus
1371:Paleobiology Database
1263:10.4202/app.2009.0045
1211:"What are conodonts?"
454:that look similar to
1409:Ordovician conodonts
1163:1995Natur.374..800G
1028:1985RSPTB.311...75M
373:found in the upper
282:Panderodus sulcatus
270:Panderodus serratus
1414:Devonian conodonts
1081:Biological Reviews
370:Promissum pulchrum
276:Panderodus spasovi
1386:
1385:
1358:Open Tree of Life
1287:Taxon identifiers
1215:Australian.museum
1157:(6525): 800–803.
990:10.1002/spp2.1389
890:
889:
881:
880:
872:
871:
863:
862:
854:
853:
845:
844:
836:
835:
827:
826:
818:
817:
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732:
731:
648:
647:
558:Problematoconites
295:
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111:A body fossil of
1421:
1379:
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1314:
1313:
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1207:
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1200:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1171:10.1038/374800a0
1146:
1140:
1139:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1076:
1067:
1066:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1008:
1002:
1001:
984:(4): 1977–1993.
963:
940:
939:
928:
771:
746:
694:
687:
662:
610:
603:
578:
549:
524:
483:
473:
426:teeth structures
124:
106:
96:
33:
29:Temporal range:
21:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1399:Conodont genera
1389:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1374:
1369:
1361:
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1204:
1191:
1190:
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1147:
1143:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1078:
1077:
1070:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1022:(1148): 75–85.
1010:
1009:
1005:
965:
964:
943:
930:
929:
925:
920:
896:
891:
882:
873:
864:
855:
846:
837:
828:
819:
810:
733:
649:
419:, the teeth of
406:
340:
238:
222:
221:Ethington, 1959
219:
218:
203:
201:Panderodontidae
190:
177:
164:
152:
97:
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69:
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59:
54:
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31:
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27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1427:
1425:
1417:
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1406:
1401:
1391:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1367:
1354:
1341:
1328:
1315:
1299:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1277:
1276:
1257:(4): 669–676.
1229:
1220:
1202:
1184:
1141:
1114:
1087:(2): 191–251.
1068:
1041:
1003:
941:
932:"Panderodus âśť"
922:
921:
919:
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671:Paracordylodus
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405:
404:Classification
402:
394:P. unicostatus
390:P. unicostatus
339:
336:
328:Waukesha Biota
293:
292:
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188:Panderodontida
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55:
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34:
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15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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912:fossil record
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831:
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798:Idiognathodus
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519:
515:
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511:
510:
507:
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495:
492:
491:
490:Gnathostomata
485:
484:
478:
475:
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470:
468:
463:
462:vertebrates.
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
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435:
431:
427:
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414:
410:
403:
401:
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361:Carboniferous
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83:
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53:
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43:
38:
26:
22:
19:
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1144:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1084:
1080:
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1044:
1019:
1015:
1006:
981:
975:
969:
935:
926:
899:
897:
796:
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780:Clydagnathus
778:
776:
753:
751:
719:
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699:
669:
667:
636:
635:
633:
617:
615:
585:
583:
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554:
531:
529:
505:Cyclostomata
503:
488:
466:
464:
447:
442:
420:
412:
408:
407:
393:
389:
385:
382:South Africa
368:
356:Clydagnathus
354:
346:
342:
341:
331:
323:
308:jawless fish
298:
297:
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287:
281:
275:
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263:
257:
251:
235:
228:Type species
214:
213:
130:
112:
24:
18:
1193:"Conodonts"
1057:(1): 1–14.
572:Euconodonta
452:vertebrates
398:vertebrates
1393:Categories
1295:Panderodus
1130:(2): 261.
970:Panderodus
936:Mindat.org
918:References
900:Panderodus
721:Notiodella
637:Panderodus
619:Besselodus
587:Cordylodus
533:Furnishina
467:Panderodus
448:Panderodus
421:Panderodus
413:Besselodus
409:Panderodus
386:Panderodus
378:soom shale
375:Ordovician
343:Panderodus
332:Panderodus
324:Panderodus
316:Ordovician
299:Panderodus
215:Panderodus
113:Panderodus
25:Panderodus
1310:Q60403895
1197:Ucl.ac.uk
998:237769553
908:organisms
755:Erismodus
703:Promissum
518:Conodonta
444:Conodonts
363:rocks of
351:Wisconsin
338:Discovery
326:from the
312:Conodonta
306:genus of
175:Conodonta
145:Kingdom:
1304:Wikidata
1271:54942826
1109:22803015
1101:10881388
904:venomous
477:Chordata
460:agnathan
446:such as
434:lampreys
365:Scotland
320:Devonian
318:to late
243:Species
195:Family:
162:Chordata
157:Phylum:
150:Animalia
1363:4949897
1350:1056799
1337:4842046
1324:4656998
1199:. 2002.
1179:4342260
1159:Bibcode
1051:Lethaia
1024:Bibcode
910:in the
438:hagfish
430:Agnatha
304:extinct
208:Genus:
182:Order:
169:Class:
1269:
1177:
1151:Nature
1107:
1099:
996:
302:Is an
1376:34006
1345:IRMNG
1267:S2CID
1245:(PDF)
1175:S2CID
1105:S2CID
994:S2CID
894:Venom
417:sieve
1332:GBIF
1097:PMID
456:eels
436:and
37:Preęž’
1319:EoL
1259:doi
1167:doi
1155:374
1132:doi
1089:doi
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1032:doi
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380:in
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1071:^
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