338:, who was the Secretary and Recorder for the Colony of Virginia in 1610 and 1611, recorded that Pocahontas had been living married to a "private captaine called Kocoum" for two years, as of 1610-11. Strachey returned to England in 1611 and later published a book on his travels. His book is considered the primary source of information on this period of Virginia history and its native peoples. Because of the various publishing dates of his book (in 1612 and 1616), some people have mistakenly thought Strachey was talking about the marriage of Pocahontas to John Rolfe, however, Strachey left Virginia many years before their marriage. Strachey made no mention of a child of the marriage to Kocoum, but he left Virginia before the child is purported to have been born.
447:, worked to reorganize the tribe and began seeking state recognition. The tribe applied to the Virginia Council on Indians for recognition, and were told that they met five of the six criteria for recognition; however, the council felt that the Patawomecks were not able to prove that their group had continued to exist as a distinct Indian community through the years. The alleged Patawomecks felt that they had sufficient evidence to prove their continuous existence as a community, and persuaded
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prisoner. After an extensive trial in
Williamsburg, Wahanganoche was found not guilty and released. He was none the less murdered by Giles conspirators in 1663 while returning home from the trial. In October 1665, the colonial government forced the tribe to sell their remaining land to the colony for
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is one of
Virginia's eleven state-recognized Native American tribes. It is however not federally recognized. It achieved state recognition in February 2010. In the 17th century, at the time of early English colonization, the Patawomeck tribe was a "fringe" component of the
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had oral histories linking them to the
Patawomecks; these included families with the names Sullivan, Newton, Green, Bourne, Bullock, Fines, and Curtis. However, racism in Virginia caused many families to hide their Indian ancestry. In particular, Virginia's
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Japazaws, and that Argall's soldiers killed Kocoum after her capture in 1613. Today's
Patawomecks believe that Pocahontas and Kocoum had a daughter, Ka-Okee, who lived with the Patawomecks after her father's death and her mother's abduction. Englishman
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prisoner), and in 1644. After settlers began moving into their area in the 1650s, pressures mounted in competition over resources and differing ideas of how to use land. Violent disputes followed. In 1662, Colonel Giles Brent took their
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dating back to the 15th century. More than 10,000 artifacts were recovered, mostly pottery sherds of the "wrapped-cord type" common among local indigenous people. While the ancient village site is protected under
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peoples, he believed they were remnants of the old
Patawomeck nation. Although without solid proof they were not from another tribe, he called them the "Potomac". Many families living in and around
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Today the tribe has about 2,300 members. Eighty percent live within ten miles (16 km) of their historic village of
Patawomeck. They are trying to revive their historic
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descent), spoke before the House Rules
Committee in support of recognition. In the same month, the measure was passed unanimously by the House of Delegates and the state
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ensured that for most of the 20th century, official records recognized
Virginians as either "white" or "colored", erasing Indian heritage from the public record.
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along the
Potomac River. The Patawomeck main town, also called Patawomeck, was located on the north of Potomac Creek, in present-day Stafford County. The
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and others, on 13 April 1613, Argall, with the connivance of
Japazaw in exchange for a copper kettle, was able to capture Chief Powhatan's daughter,
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in particular), often providing them crucial assistance when the Powhatan would not. When the colonists faced starvation at Jamestown in 1609,
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The Patawomeck continued to ally with the English in their conflicts with the Powhatan in 1622 (even after Captain Isaac Madison took their
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467:, marking official state recognition of the tribe. The same measure granted the Patawomecks a seat on the Virginia Council on Indians.
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199:, for instance, part of the later Patawomeck area, archeological excavations in the 1930s revealed a Native American burial ground (
235:-speaking language family that coalesced into differentiated tribes from present-day New England into the southern states.
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361:, including the Patawomeck. After this, the Patawomeck disappeared from the historical record. A silver badge, issued to
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and representative for Stafford, to sponsor a bill for the tribe's recognition. In February 2010, Las Vegas singer
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Confederacy. At times it was allied with others in the confederacy, and at others, the Patawomeck allied with the
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373:. It may indicate that the survivors merged with the Portobacco tribe, as did remnants of several other tribes.
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wrote of the Native American population living around the original Patawomeck capital. From his studies of the
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207:. Now that the Patawomeck tribe has been recognized by the state, they may undertake claiming the remains for
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was sent to buy corn from the Patawomeck. In a violent confrontation, he beheaded two of them and fled in his
171:. Rudes reconstructed the Algonquian language as it was spoken in coastal Virginia in the early 17th century.
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who lived with the Patawomeck tribe for three years. Argall was on a goods trading mission for her father.
958:"HJ150: Patawomeck Indian Tribe; General Assembly to extend state recognition & representation on VCI"
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215:(NAGPRA), though a tribe has to be federally recognized to utilize NAGPRA without extra petitioning.
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In 1666 after continued conflicts, the English colonists declared war against several tribes in the
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Revitalization efforts are underway. Classes use the audio and printed materials prepared by the
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Current Mattaponi tradition holds that she was the wife of Kocoum, brother of the Patawomeck
246:. They also relied on hunting, fishing, and gathering resources from their rich environment.
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excavations have yielded much data about the prehistoric early cultures. At Indian Point on
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laws, the land is being steadily eroded by the creek. The coastal peoples were part of the
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whose purpose is to promote and protect the culture and heritage of the Patawomeck Indians
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language. In the 1990s, Robert "Two Eagles" Green, a native of White Oak and resident of
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and Upper Machodoc Creek. He noted they were cultivating 1,000 acres (4.0 km) of
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931:"Wayne Newton advocates for Virginia state recognition of Patawomeck Indian tribe"
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Custalow, Dr. Linwood "Little Bear"; Daniel, Angela L. "Silver Star" (2007).
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486:"How Patawomeck Descendants Strive To Preserve Their Near-Extinct Language"
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855:"A tribe's tale: Jamestown celebration shines new light on Patawomecks"
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811:"VDOE :: Virginia's First People Past & Present - Patawomeck"
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The historical Patawomeck tribe were loosely allied with the powerful
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The Patawomeck were semi-independent of the Powhatan Confederacy of
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in 1662, was found in a contemporary archeological excavation near
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in Virginia that identifies as descendants of the Patawomeck.
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to the south. They befriended the English colonists (Captain
203:). Researchers donated 134 skeletons from the grounds to the
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for cast members who portrayed Native Americans in the film,
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area of present-day Virginia. Their language is now extinct.
980:
A Study of Virginia Indians and Jamestown: The First Century
262:, who visited the people in 1608 in their homeland, between
242:. They were an agrarian people, who cultivated varieties of
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and the work of state Bureau of Vital Statistics registrar
314:
Argall made peace with the Patawomeck in 1612, during the
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The True Story of Pocahontas: The Other Side of History
1068:"House backs tribal status for Virginia's Patawomecks"
1034:"Patawomeck tribe receives recognition from the state"
614:
Linda Wheeler, "Modern Lives Dwell in the Indian Past"
254:
The first recorded European encounter was that of the
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Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act
984:, National Park Service, 2006, accessed 16 March 2010
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280:, a satellite village, was Japazeus (also spelled
515:"Video celebrates Virginia Indian Heritage Month"
218:More recently, a 1996 archeological study by the
181:Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands
734:The Historie of Travaile into Virginia Britinia
659:: Fulcrum Publishing. pp. 43, 47, 51, 89.
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687:Deyo, William "Night Owl" (5 September 2009).
581:"Lost Indian language reconstructed for movie"
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8:
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996:"Stafford High gets real with Indian mascot"
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179:For thousands of years various cultures of
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1004:. Fredericksburg, Virginia. Archived from
901:. Fredericksburg, Virginia. Archived from
863:. Fredericksburg, Virginia. Archived from
637:National NAGPRA Frequently Asked Questions
556:. Fredericksburg, Virginia. Archived from
523:. Fredericksburg, Virginia. Archived from
20:
639:, National NAGPRA, accessed 16 March 2010
609:
607:
318:. According to contemporary accounts by
476:
459:, whose father was Patawomeck (also of
627:, 20 Oct 2002, accessed 16 March 2010
7:
994:Umble, Amy Flowers (27 March 2014).
929:Kunkle, Fredrick (3 February 2010).
37:Regions with significant populations
1232:Patawomeck Indian Tribe of Virginia
1217:Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Indian Tribe
1099:Patawomeck Indian Tribe of Virginia
1032:Davis, Chelyen (17 February 2010).
978:Danielle Moretti-Langholtz, Ph.D.,
513:Estes, Lindley (23 November 2014).
484:Alderman, Julie (10 October 2014).
425:Patawomeck Indian Tribe of Virginia
419:Patawomeck Indian Tribe of Virginia
131:Patawomeck Indian Tribe of Virginia
1405:Extinct languages of North America
1395:Native American tribes in Virginia
1066:Davis, Chelyen (9 February 2010).
893:"Newton returns to back his tribe"
891:Davis, Chelyen (3 February 2010).
579:Kimberlin, Joanne (10 June 2009).
546:Zitz, Michael (24 December 2005).
14:
1227:Nottoway Indian Tribe of Virginia
548:"Stafford history goes Hollywood"
126:is another spelling of Potomac.
1146:
853:Dennen, Rusty (1 October 2006).
149:. The Patawomeck were one of 32
798:Landmarks of Old Prince William
1105:Patawomeck Heritage Foundation
982:, "Chapter 2: Research Design"
1:
288:), older brother to the main
403:Racial Integrity Act of 1924
453:Virginia House of Delegates
220:College of William and Mary
147:Eastern Algonquian language
1421:
1101:, official tribal web page
1076:. Fredericksburg, Virginia
1042:. Fredericksburg, Virginia
689:"Our Patawomeck Ancestors"
591:Landmark Media Enterprises
416:
1385:Stafford County, Virginia
222:revealed Native American
153:-speaking peoples in the
116:Stafford County, Virginia
86:
74:
53:
41:
31:
702:(1): 2–7. Archived from
619:25 December 2007 at the
316:First Anglo-Powhatan War
145:The Patawomeck spoke an
1222:Mattaponi Indian Nation
769:The Story of Pocahontas
369:(or Portobacco) on the
205:Smithsonian Institution
32:Enrolled members: 2,300
1153:Native American tribes
1109:501(c)(3) organization
764:Warner, Charles Dudley
413:State-recognized tribe
135:state-recognized tribe
589:. Norfolk, Virginia:
417:Further information:
229:historic preservation
211:and burial under the
191:in the coastal area.
82:Related ethnic groups
1400:Algonquian ethnonyms
1176:Chickahominy–Eastern
1164:Federally recognized
766:(31 October 2012) .
240:Powhatan Confederacy
201:Potomac Creek, 44ST2
1073:The Free Lance—Star
1039:The Free Lance—Star
1001:The Free Lance—Star
936:The Washington Post
898:The Free Lance—Star
860:The Free Lance—Star
825:Pocahontas's People
823:Helen C. Rountree,
625:The Washington Post
586:The Virginian-Pilot
553:The Free Lance—Star
520:The Free Lance—Star
23:
1390:Algonquian peoples
371:Rappahannock River
354:a few matchcoats.
260:Captain John Smith
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1371:
1335:(now in Oklahoma)
774:Project Gutenberg
729:Strachey, William
451:, Speaker of the
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61:(historical) and
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1196:Rappahannock
1171:Chickahominy
1078:. Retrieved
1071:
1044:. Retrieved
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1010:. Retrieved
1006:the original
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903:the original
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869:. Retrieved
865:the original
858:
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800:, pp. 39–40.
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457:Wayne Newton
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377:20th century
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363:Wahanganoche
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351:Wahanganoche
350:
347:
342:
340:
330:
328:
313:
311:to England.
305:Francis West
294:
289:
285:
281:
278:Passapatanzy
271:
253:
250:17th century
237:
217:
209:repatriation
178:
168:
159:
144:
128:
123:
118:, along the
104:
102:
92:Rappahannock
88:Chickahominy
76:Christianity
65:(historical)
18:Ethnic group
15:
1298:Nacotchtank
449:Bill Howell
436:colonists.
386:Frank Speck
320:Ralph Hamor
264:Aquia Creek
189:tributaries
165:Blair Rudes
1379:Categories
1359:Wicocomico
1313:Patawomeck
1308:Occaneechi
1268:Chesapeake
1263:Assateague
1258:Arrohattoc
1253:Appomattoc
741:. p.
737:. London:
471:References
441:Algonquian
390:Algonquian
324:Pocahontas
233:Algonquian
151:Algonquian
124:Patawomeck
105:Patawomeck
96:Piscataway
63:Algonquian
22:Patawomeck
1318:Paspahegh
1186:Nansemond
827:, p. 122.
731:(1849) .
490:WAMU 88.5
394:White Oak
367:Portobago
224:artifacts
155:Tidewater
114:based in
49:Languages
1354:Weyanoke
1303:Nottoway
1293:Meherrin
1283:Manahoac
1241:Historic
1191:Pamunkey
1157:Virginia
796:, 1924,
617:Archived
495:4 August
430:Powhatan
348:weroance
343:weroance
331:weroance
290:weroance
286:Iopassus
282:Japazaws
273:weroance
187:and its
162:linguist
141:Language
70:Religion
59:Powhatan
43:Virginia
1333:Shawnee
1288:Manskin
1248:Accomac
1181:Monacan
1080:21 July
1046:21 July
1012:21 July
963:23 July
942:21 July
909:21 July
871:21 July
596:21 July
564:21 July
531:21 July
434:English
309:pinnace
258:leader
256:English
175:History
55:English
1364:Xualae
1339:Tutelo
1328:Senedo
1323:Saponi
1273:Chisca
713:6 July
663:
465:Senate
107:are a
1349:Westo
707:(PDF)
692:(PDF)
461:Irish
244:maize
133:is a
112:tribe
1278:Doeg
1107:, a
1082:2014
1048:2014
1014:2014
965:2016
944:2014
911:2014
873:2014
781:2014
750:2014
715:2014
674:2014
661:ISBN
598:2014
566:2014
533:2014
497:2024
423:The
268:corn
129:The
103:The
1155:in
396:in
284:or
276:of
1381::
1070:.
1056:^
1036:.
1022:^
998:.
933:.
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895:.
881:^
857:.
841:^
772:.
743:54
700:12
698:.
694:.
655:.
623:,
606:^
583:.
550:.
517:.
505:^
488:.
292:.
122:.
94:,
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1138:e
1131:t
1124:v
1084:.
1050:.
1016:.
967:.
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875:.
813:.
783:.
752:.
717:.
676:.
600:.
568:.
535:.
499:.
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