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can be harvested for sawn timber in as little as five years. Once the trees are harvested, they regenerate from their existing root systems, earning them the name of the "Phoenix tree" (that name is alternatively attributed to the belief that it is the only tree within which the phoenix will roost.)
537:
reveals up to 2000 small winged seeds stacked tightly inside. The tiny seeds have lateral wings that gradually increase in length around the seed. The ventral and dorsal side of the seed are flat. The wing shape on the seeds is another characteristic distinguishing
Paulownia from the rest of the
514:
rising up, is approximately the same length as the longer stamen filaments that surround it. That is left on the stem as the corolla and stamen fall off. The stigma tip has a singular small hole that leads to a tubular dilated chamber at the top of the style, covered in receptive papillae. In the
365:
491:
filaments fused to the petals at the base, with two being longer than the others. At the bottom of the corolla tube is a short corolla-stamen tube. The base of the stamen filaments are bent so that they run along the upper portion of the flower with the arrow shaped
1483:
Zachar, Martin; Lieskovský, Martin; Majlingová, Andrea; Mitterová, Iveta (2018-03-19). "Comparison of thermal properties of the fast-growing tree species and energy crop species to be used as a renewable and energy-efficient resource".
982:. More recently it is used as body material for low-cost electric guitars, as the core for lightweight touring skis, and for surfboard cores. It is typically used in guitars as the core body, then laminated under a more durable wood.
527:, with nectary slits on the basal sides of the ovary, beneath a hairy region. The ovary then develops into a sticky green oval capsule tapered at the apex with the remaining dried up style sometimes still attached.
385:
can grow over 30 metres (98 ft) tall and has large heart shaped leaves ranging from 10–20 centimetres (4–8 in) wide and 15–30 centimetres (6–12 in) long with a 10–20 centimetres (4–8 in)-long
1678:
Messian to
Zanclean vegetation and climate of Northern and Central Italy by Adele Bertini & Edoardo Martinetto, Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 47 (2), 2008, 105-121. Modena, 11 lugio
356:
wood. Its density is low at around 0.28 kilograms per liter (2.8 lb/imp gal), although significantly higher than balsa's very low 0.16 kilograms per liter (1.6 lb/imp gal).
1536:
Erbar, Claudia; Gülden, Christoph (March 2011). "Ontogeny of the flowers in
Paulownia tomentosa – A contribution to the recognition of the resurrected monogeneric family Paulowniaceae".
1928:
538:
Lamiales. The new buds, enclosed by the early brown fuzzy calyx, are visible in late summer to early fall and wait dormant, alongside the brown seed capsules, till spring.
2165:
1287:
2204:
1307:
296:
It was originally sought after as an exotic ornamental tree in Europe and Asia, and later introduced to North
America in 1844. Its fruits (botanically
1791:"...called hwa-tu in Korea, and hanafuda in Japan... NOVEMBER - PAULOWNIA (Korean: odong. Note: in Japanese hanafuda, Paulownia represents December.)"
2113:
2178:
2126:
338:. Although seeds, seedlings, and roots of even mature trees are susceptible to rot, the wood is not and is used for boat building and surfboards.
1907:
530:
The capsule remains on the persistent brown calyx where it can last on the tree through the rest of the year before turning brown and woody, and
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are exacting in their requirements, performing well only in very well draining soil, with summer rainfall or availability of irrigation water.
1701:
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groves where they were dumped near major ports. The tree has not persisted prominently in US gardens, in part due to its overwintering brown
283:
483:
On the inner side of the lower trilobed corolla tube run two light-yellow folded ridges from the calyx to the lip. They are interpreted as
330:). Well-drained soil is also essential. Successful plantations usually purchase plants that have been professionally propagated from
1813:
1772:
662:
253:
1338:"Paulownia | The Wood Database - Lumber Identification (Hardwood) Common Name(s): Paulownia, Royal Paulownia, Princess Tree, Kiri"
712:
is extremely fast growing, increasing in height by up to 6 metres (20 ft) in one year when young. Some species of plantation
2337:
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Trees can grow to maturity in under 10 years and produce strong, lightweight timber, good as firewood, and with an even higher
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787:
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1688:
The
History of the Flora and Vegetation of Georgia by Irina Shatilova, Nino Mchedlishvili, Luara Rukhadze, Eliso Kvavadze,
2191:
1763:
Yungying Wu and
Zhaohua Zhu (1997). "5, Temperate Agroforestry in China". In Andrew M. Gordon and Steven M. Newman (ed.).
609:
region. It is believed that the climate then would have been suitable for the genus across the whole northern hemisphere.
1948:
2038:
1284:
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timber is extremely easy to work with and is reported to be resistant to decay, with good weathering characteristics.
479:
A: new buds; B: inflorescences; C: corolla tube; D: superior bilocular ovary; E: leaves; F: ovary capsules; G: seeds
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It is important in China, Korea, and Japan for making the soundboards of stringed musical instruments such as the
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862:, associated with the month of November or December (some regions reverse the order of these two months).
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and sometimes may be slightly lobed. They can be distinguished from common look-alike genera, such as
274:. The genus and family are native to east Asia and are widespread across China. The genus, originally
2219:
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1545:
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300:) were also used as packaging material for goods shipped from East Asia to North America, leading to
519:, the stigma tip is slightly bilobed, which is a unique morphological characteristic distinguishing
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trees produce as many as 20 million tiny seeds per year. However, the seeds are very susceptible to
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to the top of the corolla tube. Inside the corolla tube, and approximately halfway down, are four
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1713:
Smiley, Charles J. (February 1961). "A Record of
Paulownia in the Tertiary of North America".
1697:
1661:
1643:
1582:
Smiley, Charles J. (February 1961). "A Record of
Paulownia in the Tertiary of North America".
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The leaves are often preceded by pale violet to purple-shaded tubular flowers, similar to a
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trilobed lower lip. The lips of all the petals are curled and their surface tomentose.
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1399:"Physical and mechanical properties of paulownia tomentosa wood planted in hungaria"
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782:) is the symbol of the Office of the Prime Minister of Japan. It also decorates the
316:, but in Europe, where it is also grown in gardens, it is not regarded as invasive.
32:
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then depositing pollen on the dorsal side of a variety of pollen-feeding insects.
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1434:
Borrega, Marc; Ahvenainen, Patrik; Serimaa, Ritva; Gibson, Lorna (1 March 2015).
418:. The leaves are late to come in on the tree and late to fall from the typically
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and is found in disturbed plots. Some US authorities consider the genus an
1975:
901:. The silvery-grey wood is sliced into veneers for special visiting cards.
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and only colonize well on sterile soils (such as after a high temperature
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2008:
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647: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1985:
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1359:"Physical and mechanical properties of Paulownia clone in vitro 112"
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Dimensionally stable and given its straight grain and light weight,
1957:
1538:
Flora — Morphology, Distribution, Functional
Ecology of Plants
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suggests, are covered in hairs. The leaf margin can be toothed or
363:
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57:
1970:
1767:. Wallingford, Oxfordshire: CAB International. pp. 170–172.
1622:"Does the Enigmatic Wightia Belong to Paulowniaceae (Lamiales)?"
966:
879:-resistant. It is the fastest-growing hardwood. It is used for
756:
740:
728:
287:
1989:
1226:
Hu, Shiu-Ying (1961). "The
Economic Botany of the Paulownias".
1436:"Composition and structure of balsa (Ochroma pyramidale) wood"
1285:
Cultivation of Paulownia - 3. Sexual & Asexual Propagation
898:
697:) is popular for roadside planting and as an ornamental tree.
616:
444:
of ~5 centimetres (2 in) long flowers. The thick, fused
227:
460:, in which the lobes are shorter than the calyx tubes. The
245:
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from all of the Lamiales. At the bottom of the ovary is a
381:
trees, and one of the fastest-growing trees in the world.
440:
are terminal erect 15–30 centimetres (6–12 in)-long
425:. However, in tropical areas, the tree can be evergreen.
293:. It is also called "princess tree" for the same reason.
266:
trees (depending on taxonomic authority) in the family
751:, it is deep-rooting, and it is late-leafing, and its
701:
needs much light and does not like high water tables.
1981:
fadr.msu.ru: "Paulownia, the Tree of Choice in China"
432:. Like most members of the Lamiales, the flowers are
254:
239:
16:
Genus of flowering plants in the family Paulowniaceae
593:
macrofossils have been recovered from strata of the
233:
224:
1998:
1752:. Seoul: Kwang Myong Printing Co. Ltd. p. 248.
1191:Barton, I.L.; Nicholas, I.D.; Ecroyd, C.E. (2007).
230:
1927:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1620:Xia, Zhi; Wen, Jun; Gao, Zhiming (2019-04-30).
1357:Koman, Szabolcs; Feher, Sandor (1 March 2020).
1058:Potential variety, hybrid, and synonym species:
284:Anna Pavlovna, queen consort of The Netherlands
941:
931:
918:
811:
308:that some consider ugly. In some areas it has
1577:
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1525:
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8:
1958:Paulownia Research Center in China (Shaanxi)
1615:
1613:
1486:Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
858:). It is one of the suits in the card game
824:; it is also known as the "princess tree".
1986:
1910:. Archived from the original on 2013-10-25
1842:"Understanding the Wood Core in Your Skis"
1363:European Journal of Wood and Wood Products
506:, surrounded by the brown calyx, with its
31:
20:
1830:. Fresno: Linden Publishing. p. 143.
1655:
1637:
1459:
1374:
663:Learn how and when to remove this message
553:, with fossilized leaves being found in
1183:
262:) is a genus of seven to 17 species of
1920:
1867:"The 13 best backcountry skis of 2020"
1748:Richard Rutt and Kim Chong-Un (1974).
875:wood is very light, fine-grained, and
727:systems because it grows quickly, its
1332:
1330:
1328:
7:
2220:6999269e-29fb-481e-9af2-64e6e5d82454
645:adding citations to reliable sources
464:has five fused lobes with a shorter
468:bilobed lip, and a somewhat longer
2259:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30013788-2
1806:Japan: An Illustrated Encyclopedia
1727:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1961.tb11622.x
866:Japan: An Illustrated Encyclopedia
573:have been recovered from the late
14:
1976:silvatree.com: Paulownia forestry
1895:www.commercialforestproducts.com
1234:(1 (Jan. - Mar., 1961)): 11–27.
621:
220:
44:
1908:"Paulownia fortunei Fact Sheet"
1808:(1993). Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993.
632:needs additional citations for
1946:Paulownia forestry information
1765:Temperate Agroforestry Systems
889:). The wood is burned to make
788:Order of the Paulownia Flowers
693:
684:
390:. The leaves grow in opposite
1:
1001:Tested and confirmed species:
893:for sketching and powder for
164:Six to 17 species, including:
1826:Lincoln, William L. (1986).
820:, specifically referring to
448:is covered by a brown hairy
414:, by secondary and tertiary
1692:Institute of Paleobiology,
1558:10.1016/j.flora.2010.05.003
1440:Wood Science and Technology
948:emblem, 373.11 grams, Japan
925:, 95–97% gold, "Paulownia"
2374:
1715:American Journal of Botany
1626:Frontiers in Plant Science
1584:American Journal of Botany
1376:10.1007/s00107-020-01497-x
897:, the bark is made into a
755:is sparse enough to allow
1891:Paulownia Lumber For Sale
1498:10.1007/s10973-018-7194-y
1452:10.1007/s00226-015-0700-5
942:
932:
919:
838:, and also serves as the
812:
731:is light but strong, its
286:(1795–1865), daughter of
282:, was named in honour of
162:
157:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
1690:Georgian National Museum
1421:www.woodsolutions.com.au
1200:Forest Research Bulletin
840:Government Seal of Japan
723:is also used in Chinese
560:of Ellensburg Canyon of
350:strength to weight ratio
278:but now usually spelled
2338:Phytoremediation plants
1639:10.3389/fpls.2019.00528
1417:"Balsa | WoodSolutions"
784:Order of the Rising Sun
765:sheltered from the wind
394:pairs, and as the name
1897:, accessed 20 May 2020
1796:, accessed 21 May 2020
1297:, accessed 20 May 2020
1216:Rush Industries, 2000.
1114:Paulownia meridionalis
1029:Paulownia x taiwaniana
1022:Paulownia catalpifolia
998:
949:
903:
856:Imperial Seal of Japan
795:
790:and is a crest of the
480:
371:
168:Paulownia catalpifolia
2323:Garden plants of Asia
1266:www.tsusinvasives.org
1262:"Paulownia tomentosa"
1142:Paulownia shensiensis
1079:Paulownia grandifolia
993:
908:
870:
773:
478:
369:Paulownia imperialis'
367:
1828:World Woods in Color
1156:Paulownia thyrsoidea
1149:Paulownia silvestrii
1135:Paulownia rehderiana
1107:Paulownia longifolia
1086:Paulownia imperialis
883:, boxes, and clogs (
763:to grow while being
759:below it get enough
704:As a forestry crop,
641:improve this article
198:Paulownia taiwaniana
1971:Paulownia trees.org
1550:2011FMDFE.206..205E
1295:www.kalliergeia.com
1163:Paulownia duclouxii
1093:Paulownia australis
1015:Paulownia tomentosa
1008:Paulownia kawakamii
848:Government of Japan
591:Paulownia caucasica
383:Paulownia tomentosa
310:escaped cultivation
204:Paulownia tomentosa
192:Paulownia kawakamii
1951:2011-08-24 at the
1788:Go-Stop: THE CARDS
1290:2021-10-27 at the
1240:10.1007/BF02906759
1100:Paulownia lilacina
1072:Paulownia glabrata
1050:Paulownia fortunei
1043:Paulownia fargesii
1036:Paulownia elongata
999:
995:Paulownia fortunei
950:
796:
481:
372:
186:Paulownia fortunei
180:Paulownia fargesii
174:Paulownia elongata
2305:
2304:
2228:Open Tree of Life
1992:Taxon identifiers
1963:Flora of China -
1794:www.sloperama.com
1702:978-9941-9105-3-1
1312:The Wood Database
1170:Paulownia viscosa
1128:Paulownia recurva
1065:Paulownia coreana
834:of the office of
780:go-shichi-no-kiri
673:
672:
665:
549:once occurred in
211:
210:
153:
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2358:Trees of Vietnam
2333:Ornamental trees
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778:flower pattern (
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562:Washington state
314:invasive species
291:Paul I of Russia
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454:P. catalpifolia
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1750:Virtuous Women
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542:Fossil record
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1964:
1912:. Retrieved
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1873:. 2019-09-17
1870:
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1848:. 2016-08-31
1845:
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1816:. page 1189.
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1402:
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1316:. Retrieved
1314:. Eric Meier
1311:
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842:used by the
830:
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806:
801:is known in
798:
797:
779:
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749:farm animals
735:are rich in
725:agroforestry
720:
719:
713:
709:
705:
703:
698:
692:
676:
674:
659:
650:
639:Please help
634:verification
631:
595:Serravallian
590:
571:macrofossils
567:
566:
546:
545:
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517:P. kawakamii
516:
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24:
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2140:iNaturalist
2024:Wikispecies
1308:"Paulownia"
794:Zen temple.
532:loculicidal
434:zygomorphic
84:Angiosperms
2312:Categories
2158:30013788-2
1914:2012-06-25
1877:2020-01-26
1852:2020-01-26
1343:2019-12-20
1318:2024-09-08
1271:2019-12-20
1193:"Pawlonia"
1178:References
743:make good
675:In China,
583:Pocapaglia
535:dehiscence
458:P. elogata
450:indumentum
379:angiosperm
360:Morphology
324:soil biota
2030:Paulownia
2000:Paulownia
1965:Paulownia
1871:FREESKIER
1735:0002-9122
1648:1664-462X
1566:0367-2530
1514:103106687
1506:1388-6150
1385:211028012
895:fireworks
873:Paulownia
826:Paulownia
799:Paulownia
776:Paulownia
721:Paulownia
714:Paulownia
710:Paulownia
706:Paulownia
699:Paulownia
677:Paulownia
653:July 2017
581:sites in
568:Paulownia
547:Paulownia
521:Paulownia
501:bilocular
423:Paulownia
420:deciduous
396:tomentosa
392:decussate
375:Paulownia
343:Paulownia
336:seedlings
320:Paulownia
302:Paulownia
280:Paulownia
276:Pavlovnia
215:Paulownia
141:Paulownia
54:Kingdom:
25:Paulownia
2272:40002516
2267:Tropicos
2051:BioLib:
2009:Wikidata
1949:Archived
1923:cite web
1666:31114599
1288:Archived
1248:40567325
979:gayageum
911:Japanese
891:charcoal
868:states:
860:hanafuda
846:and the
803:Japanese
792:Eihei-ji
786:and the
607:Caucasus
579:Pliocene
575:Zanclean
555:Tertiary
515:species
442:panicles
430:foxglove
416:venation
328:wildfire
298:capsules
272:Lamiales
264:hardwood
158:Species
126:Family:
120:Lamiales
110:Asterids
97:Eudicots
2282:4920257
2171:1301907
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2015:Q165173
1694:Tbilisi
1657:6503002
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1604:2439100
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986:Species
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914:Kobundō
854:is the
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828:is the
733:flowers
694:pāotóng
681:Chinese
605:in the
603:Georgia
599:Miocene
525:nectary
494:anthers
470:abaxial
466:adaxial
462:corolla
405:Catalpa
388:petiole
147:Siebold
136:Genus:
116:Order:
58:Plantae
2279:uBio:
2241:PLANTS
2233:435004
2217:NZOR:
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881:chests
753:canopy
745:fodder
741:leaves
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737:nectar
691::
689:pinyin
683::
558:strata
508:stigma
489:stamen
436:. The
411:Cercis
400:entire
306:fruits
259:-nee-ə
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2210:39251
2184:33459
2166:IRMNG
2080:1PAZG
2054:40787
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1679:2008.
1600:JSTOR
1510:S2CID
1466:S2CID
1381:S2CID
1244:S2CID
1196:(PDF)
955:guqin
774:This
761:light
757:crops
587:Italy
512:style
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352:than
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104:Clade
91:Clade
78:Clade
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2205:NCBI
2179:ITIS
2153:IPNI
2132:8948
2127:GRIN
2114:GBIF
2075:EPPO
2067:6JPP
2039:APNI
1929:link
1810:ISBN
1769:ISBN
1731:ISSN
1698:ISBN
1662:PMID
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967:pipa
927:Kiri
886:geta
877:warp
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589:and
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2290:WFO
2192:NBN
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